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List of birds of Samoa

December 15, 2023

This is a list of the bird species recorded in Samoa. The avifauna of Samoa include a total of 100 species, of which 9 are endemic, and 5 have been introduced by humans and 23 are rare or accidental. 13 species are globally threatened.

This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2022 edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for Samoa.

The following tags have been used to highlight several categories. Not all species fall into one of these categories. Those that do not are commonly occurring native species.

  • (A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Samoa
  • (E) Endemic - a species endemic to Samoa
  • (I) Introduced - a species introduced to Samoa as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions


Ducks, geese, and waterfowl (toloa) edit

Order: Anseriformes   Family: Anatidae

Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.

Pheasants, grouse, and allies (moa) edit

Order: Galliformes   Family: Phasianidae

The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of quails, partridges, snowcocks, francolins, spurfowls, tragopans, monals, pheasants, peafowls and jungle fowls. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings.

Pigeons and doves edit

Order: Columbiformes   Family: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

Cuckoos edit

Order: Cuculiformes   Family: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.

Swifts edit

Order: Caprimulgiformes   Family: Apodidae

Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

Rails (ve'a), gallinules (manuali'i), and coots edit

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

Plovers and lapwings (tuli) edit

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

Sandpipers and allies (tuli) edit

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

Skuas and jaegers edit

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Stercorariidae

The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.

Gulls, terns, and skimmers edit

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years.

Tropicbirds (tava'e) edit

Order: Phaethontiformes   Family: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.

Southern storm-petrels (ta'i'o) edit

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Oceanitidae

The southern storm-petrels are relatives of the petrels and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.

Shearwaters and petrels (ta'i'o) edit

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.

Frigatebirds (atafa) edit

Order: Suliformes   Family: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have coloured inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.

Boobies and gannets (fua'o) edit

Order: Suliformes   Family: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

Herons, egrets, and bitterns (matu'u) edit

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons, and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.

Barn-owls edit

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Tytonidae

Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

Kingfishers edit

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.

Falcons and caracaras edit

Order: Falconiformes   Family: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

Old World parrots edit

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Psittaculidae

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.

Honeyeaters edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Meliphagidae

The honeyeaters are a large and diverse family of small to medium-sized birds most common in Australia and New Guinea. They are nectar feeders and closely resemble other nectar-feeding passerines.

Cuckooshrikes edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Campephagidae

The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly greyish with white and black, although some species are brightly coloured.

Whistlers and allies edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Pachycephalidae

The family Pachycephalidae includes the whistlers, shrikethrushes, and some of the pitohuis.

Fantails edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Rhipiduridae

The fantails are small insectivorous birds which are specialist aerial feeders.

Monarch flycatchers edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Monarchidae

The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by flycatching.

Australasian robins edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Petroicidae

Most species of Petroicidae have a stocky build with a large rounded head, a short straight bill and rounded wingtips. They occupy a wide range of wooded habitats, from subalpine to tropical rainforest and mangrove swamp to semi-arid scrubland. All are primarily insectivores, although a few supplement their diet with seeds.

Swallows edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

Bulbuls edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Pycnonotidae

Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.

White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Zosteropidae

The white-eyes are small and mostly undistinguished, their plumage above being generally some dull colour like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye.

Starlings edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.

Thrushes and allies edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

Waxbills and allies edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Estrildidae

The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns.

See also edit

References edit

  • Lepage, Denis. "Checklist of Birds of Samoa". Bird Checklists of the World. Avibase. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  • Clements, James F. (2000). Birds of the World: A Checklist. Cornell University Press. p. 880. ISBN 0-934797-16-1.

December 15, 2023
list, birds, samoa, this, list, bird, species, recorded, samoa, avifauna, samoa, include, total, species, which, endemic, have, been, introduced, humans, rare, accidental, species, globally, threatened, this, list, taxonomic, treatment, designation, sequence, . This is a list of the bird species recorded in Samoa The avifauna of Samoa include a total of 100 species of which 9 are endemic and 5 have been introduced by humans and 23 are rare or accidental 13 species are globally threatened This list s taxonomic treatment designation and sequence of orders families and species and nomenclature common and scientific names follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World 2022 edition The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy as do the species counts found in each family account Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for Samoa The following tags have been used to highlight several categories Not all species fall into one of these categories Those that do not are commonly occurring native species A Accidental a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Samoa E Endemic a species endemic to Samoa I Introduced a species introduced to Samoa as a consequence direct or indirect of human actionsContents 1 Ducks geese and waterfowl toloa 2 Pheasants grouse and allies moa 3 Pigeons and doves 4 Cuckoos 5 Swifts 6 Rails ve a gallinules manuali i and coots 7 Plovers and lapwings tuli 8 Sandpipers and allies tuli 9 Skuas and jaegers 10 Gulls terns and skimmers 11 Tropicbirds tava e 12 Southern storm petrels ta i o 13 Shearwaters and petrels ta i o 14 Frigatebirds atafa 15 Boobies and gannets fua o 16 Herons egrets and bitterns matu u 17 Barn owls 18 Kingfishers 19 Falcons and caracaras 20 Old World parrots 21 Honeyeaters 22 Cuckooshrikes 23 Whistlers and allies 24 Fantails 25 Monarch flycatchers 26 Australasian robins 27 Swallows 28 Bulbuls 29 White eyes yuhinas and allies 30 Starlings 31 Thrushes and allies 32 Waxbills and allies 33 See also 34 ReferencesDucks geese and waterfowl toloa editOrder Anseriformes Family AnatidaeAnatidae includes the ducks and most duck like waterfowl such as geese and swans These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet flattened bills and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating Pacific black duck Anas superciliosa toloa Pheasants grouse and allies moa editOrder Galliformes Family PhasianidaeThe Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of quails partridges snowcocks francolins spurfowls tragopans monals pheasants peafowls and jungle fowls In general they are plump although they vary in size and have broad relatively short wings Red junglefowl Gallus gallus I moavao Pigeons and doves editOrder Columbiformes Family ColumbidaePigeons and doves are stout bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere Rock pigeon Columba livia I lupe palagi foreign pigeon Metallic pigeon Columba vitiensis fiaui Shy ground dove Alopecoenas stairi tu aimeo tiotala Tooth billed pigeon Didunculus strigirostris E manumea Many colored fruit dove Ptilinopus perousii manuma manulua Crimson crowned fruit dove Ptilinopus porphyraceus manutagi manufili Pacific imperial pigeon Ducula pacifica lupe Cuckoos editOrder Cuculiformes Family CuculidaeThe family Cuculidae includes cuckoos roadrunners and anis These birds are of variable size with slender bodies long tails and strong legs The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites Long tailed koel Urodynamis taitensis aleva Swifts editOrder Caprimulgiformes Family ApodidaeSwifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground perching instead only on vertical surfaces Many swifts have long swept back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang White rumped swiftlet Aerodramus spodiopygius pe ape a Australian swiftlet Aerodramus terraereginaeRails ve a gallinules manuali i and coots editOrder Gruiformes Family RallidaeRallidae is a large family of small to medium sized birds which includes the rails crakes coots and gallinules Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes swamps or rivers In general they are shy and secretive birds making them difficult to observe Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces They tend to have short rounded wings and to be weak fliers Buff banded rail Gallirallus philippensis ve a Samoan moorhen Gallinula pacifica E Puna e Australasian swamphen Porphyrio melanotus manuali i manusa White browed crake Poliolimnas cinereus vai Spotless crake Zapornia tabuensisPlovers and lapwings tuli editOrder Charadriiformes Family CharadriidaeThe family Charadriidae includes the plovers dotterels and lapwings They are small to medium sized birds with compact bodies short thick necks and long usually pointed wings They are found in open country worldwide mostly in habitats near water Black bellied plover Pluvialis squatarola A Pacific golden plover Pluvialis fulva Semipalmated plover Charadrius semipalmatus A Sandpipers and allies tuli editOrder Charadriiformes Family ScolopacidaeScolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium sized shorebirds including the sandpipers curlews godwits shanks tattlers woodcocks snipes dowitchers and phalaropes The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat particularly on the coast without direct competition for food Bristle thighed curlew Numenius tahitiensis tuli Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus tuli Far Eastern curlew Numenius madagascariensis A Bar tailed godwit Limosa lapponica tuli Ruddy turnstone Arenaria interpres tuli Red knot Calidris canutus A tuli Sharp tailed sandpiper Calidris acuminata A tuli Red necked stint Calidris ruficollis A tuli Sanderling Calidris alba A tuli Pectoral sandpiper Calidris melanotos A tuli Long billed dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus A tuli Common sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos A tuli Gray tailed tattler Tringa brevipes A Wandering tattler Tringa incana tuli alomalala Wood sandpiper Tringa glareola A tuli Skuas and jaegers editOrder Charadriiformes Family StercorariidaeThe family Stercorariidae are in general medium to large birds typically with grey or brown plumage often with white markings on the wings They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long distance migrants South polar skua Stercorarius maccormicki A Brown skua Stercorarius antarcticus A Pomarine jaeger Stercorarius pomarinus A Gulls terns and skimmers editOrder Charadriiformes Family LaridaeLaridae is a family of medium to large seabirds the gulls terns and skimmers Gulls are typically grey or white often with black markings on the head or wings They have stout longish bills and webbed feet Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage often with black markings on the head Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water Terns are generally long lived birds with several species known to live in excess of 30 years Laughing gull Leucophaeus atricilla A Brown noddy Anous stolidus gogo Black noddy Anous minutus Blue gray noddy Anous ceruleus A laia White tern Gygis alba manusina gogosina Sooty tern Onychoprion fuscatus A gogouli Gray backed tern Onychoprion lunatus Bridled tern Onychoprion anaethetus Little tern Sternula albifrons A Roseate tern Sterna dougallii A Black naped tern Sterna sumatrana gogosina Common tern Sterna hirundo A Great crested tern Thalasseus bergiiTropicbirds tava e editOrder Phaethontiformes Family PhaethontidaeTropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans with exceptionally long central tail feathers Their heads and long wings have black markings White tailed tropicbird Phaethon lepturus tava e sina Red tailed tropicbird Phaethon rubricauda A tava e ula Southern storm petrels ta i o editOrder Procellariiformes Family OceanitidaeThe southern storm petrels are relatives of the petrels and are the smallest seabirds They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface typically while hovering The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat like Black bellied storm petrel Fregetta tropica A Polynesian storm petrel Nesofregetta fuliginosaShearwaters and petrels ta i o editOrder Procellariiformes Family ProcellariidaeThe procellariids are the main group of medium sized true petrels characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary Herald petrel Pterodroma heraldica A Mottled petrel Pterodroma inexpectata ta i o White necked petrel Pterodroma cervicalis A Black winged petrel Pterodroma nigripennis A Gould s petrel Pterodroma leucoptera A Collared petrel Pterodroma brevipes A Stejneger s petrel Pterodroma longirostris A Flesh footed shearwater Ardenna carneipes A Wedge tailed shearwater Ardenna pacifica Buller s shearwater Ardenna bulleri A Sooty shearwater Ardenna grisea Short tailed shearwater Ardenna tenuirostris Newell s shearwater Puffinus newelli A Tropical shearwater Puffinus bailloni ta i o Frigatebirds atafa editOrder Suliformes Family FregatidaeFrigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans They are large black and white or completely black with long wings and deeply forked tails The males have coloured inflatable throat pouches They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface Having the largest wingspan to body weight ratio of any bird they are essentially aerial able to stay aloft for more than a week Lesser frigatebird Fregata ariel A atafa Great frigatebird Fregata minor atafa Boobies and gannets fua o editOrder Suliformes Family SulidaeThe sulids comprise the gannets and boobies Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge dive for fish Masked booby Sula dactylatra fua o Brown booby Sula leucogaster fua o Red footed booby Sula sula fua o Herons egrets and bitterns matu u editOrder Pelecaniformes Family ArdeidaeThe family Ardeidae contains the bitterns herons and egrets Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted unlike other long necked birds such as storks ibises and spoonbills White faced heron Egretta novaehollandiae A Pacific reef heron Egretta sacra matu u Barn owls editOrder Strigiformes Family TytonidaeBarn owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart shaped faces They have long strong legs with powerful talons Barn owl Tyto alba lulu Kingfishers editOrder Coraciiformes Family AlcedinidaeKingfishers are medium sized birds with large heads long pointed bills short legs and stubby tails Pacific kingfisher Todiramphus sacer A Flat billed kingfisher Todiramphus recurvirostris E ti otala Collared kingfisher Todiramphus chloris A Falcons and caracaras editOrder Falconiformes Family FalconidaeFalconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey They differ from hawks eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinusOld World parrots editOrder Psittaciformes Family PsittaculidaeCharacteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill an upright stance strong legs and clawed zygodactyl feet Many parrots are vividly colored and some are multi colored In size they range from 8 cm 3 1 in to 1 m 3 3 ft in length Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand Blue crowned lorikeet Vini australis sega sega ula segavao Honeyeaters editOrder Passeriformes Family MeliphagidaeThe honeyeaters are a large and diverse family of small to medium sized birds most common in Australia and New Guinea They are nectar feeders and closely resemble other nectar feeding passerines Samoan myzomela Myzomela nigriventris E segasegamau u Mao Gymnomyza samoensis E ma oma o Eastern wattled honeyeater Foulehaio carunculatus iao Cuckooshrikes editOrder Passeriformes Family CampephagidaeThe cuckooshrikes are small to medium sized passerine birds They are predominantly greyish with white and black although some species are brightly coloured Polynesian triller Lalage maculosa miti Samoan triller Lalage sharpei E mititae Whistlers and allies editOrder Passeriformes Family PachycephalidaeThe family Pachycephalidae includes the whistlers shrikethrushes and some of the pitohuis Samoan whistler Pachycephala flavifrons E vasavasa Fantails editOrder Passeriformes Family RhipiduridaeThe fantails are small insectivorous birds which are specialist aerial feeders Samoan fantail Rhipidura nebulosa E sau Monarch flycatchers editOrder Passeriformes Family MonarchidaeThe monarch flycatchers are small to medium sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by flycatching Samoan flycatcher Myiagra albiventris E tolai ula tolaifatu Australasian robins editOrder Passeriformes Family PetroicidaeMost species of Petroicidae have a stocky build with a large rounded head a short straight bill and rounded wingtips They occupy a wide range of wooded habitats from subalpine to tropical rainforest and mangrove swamp to semi arid scrubland All are primarily insectivores although a few supplement their diet with seeds Pacific robin Petroica pusilla tolai ula Swallows editOrder Passeriformes Family HirundinidaeThe family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding They have a slender streamlined body long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking and the front toes are partially joined at the base Pacific swallow Hirundo tahitica A Bulbuls editOrder Passeriformes Family PycnonotidaeBulbuls are medium sized songbirds Some are colourful with yellow red or orange vents cheeks throats or supercilia but most are drab with uniform olive brown to black plumage Some species have distinct crests Red vented bulbul Pycnonotus cafer I manu palagi foreign bird White eyes yuhinas and allies editOrder Passeriformes Family ZosteropidaeThe white eyes are small and mostly undistinguished their plumage above being generally some dull colour like greenish olive but some species have a white or bright yellow throat breast or lower parts and several have buff flanks As their name suggests many species have a white ring around each eye Samoan white eye Zosterops samoensis E matapapa e Starlings editOrder Passeriformes Family SturnidaeStarlings are small to medium sized passerine birds Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious Their preferred habitat is fairly open country They eat insects and fruit Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen Polynesian starling Aplonis tabuensis miti mitivao Samoan starling Aplonis atrifusca E fuia Common myna Acridotheres tristis I Jungle myna Acridotheres fuscus I Thrushes and allies editOrder Passeriformes Family TurdidaeThe thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World They are plump soft plumaged small to medium sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores often feeding on the ground Many have attractive songs Island thrush Turdus poliocephalus tutumalili Waxbills and allies editOrder Passeriformes Family EstrildidaeThe estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills They are all similar in structure and habits but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns Red headed parrotfinch Erythrura cyaneovirens manu ai See also editList of birds Lists of birds by region List of protected areas of Samoa Central Savai i Rainforest biodiversity area in Samoa largest continuous patch of rainforest in Polynesia Fagaloa Bay Uafato Tiavea Conservation Zone Tafua Rainforest Preserve Falealupo rainforest conversation area Aleipata Islands conservation area Samoan plant namesReferences editLepage Denis Checklist of Birds of Samoa Bird Checklists of the World Avibase Retrieved 30 April 2020 Clements James F 2000 Birds of the World A Checklist Cornell University Press p 880 ISBN 0 934797 16 1 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of birds of Samoa amp oldid 1165238449, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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