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Australasian robin

October 14, 2023

The bird family Petroicidae includes 51 species in 19 genera. All are endemic to Australasia: New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand and numerous Pacific Islands as far east as Samoa. For want of an accurate common name, the family is often called the Australasian robins. Within the family species are known variously as robins, scrub-robins and flyrobins. They are only distantly related to the European robin of Europe, north Africa and western Asia, a member of family Muscicapidae.

Australasian robin
Scarlet robin, Knocklofty Reserve, Hobart, Tasmania
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Infraorder: Passerides
Family: Petroicidae
Mathews, 1920
Genera

See text.

Global range (In red)

Characteristics Edit

Most species have a compact build with a large, rounded head, a short, straight bill, and rounded wingtips. They occupy a wide range of wooded habitats, from subalpine to tropical rainforest, and mangrove swamps to semi-arid scrubland. All are primarily insectivorous, although a few supplement their diet with seeds. Hunting is mostly by perch and pounce, a favoured tactic being to cling sideways onto a treetrunk and scan the ground below without moving.

Social organisation is usually centered on long-term pair-bonds and small family groups. Most members of the subfamily Eopsaltrinae practice cooperative breeding, with all family members helping defend a territory and feed nestlings.

Nests are cup-shaped, usually constructed by the female, and often placed in a vertical fork of a tree or shrub. Many species are expert at adding moss, bark or lichen to the outside of the nest as camouflage, making it very difficult to spot, even when it is in a seemingly prominent location.

Systematics Edit

Although named after true robins, the Australian robins, along with many other insect-eating birds, were originally classified as flycatchers in a huge family Muscicapidae.[1] They were also classified for a time in the whistler family Pachycephalidae, before being placed in their own family Petroicidae, or Eopsaltridae.[2]

The family Petroicidae is a member of the infraorder Passerides which also includes the parvorders Sylviida, Muscicapida and Passerida.[3] It is most closely related to the families Eupetidae (Rail-babbler), Chaetopidae (Rockjumper) and Picathartidae (Rockfowl).[4]

Classification Edit

A comprehensive review, including an analysis of the osteological characters, by Schodde and Mason in 1999 illustrated three groupings, classified as subfamilies below:[5] Testing of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA revealed some changes, and proposed sinking of Tregellasia into Eopsaltria as the white-breasted robin's closest relatives appear to be the two taxa of Tregellasia.[6]

The family contains 51 species divided into 19 genera and 6 subfamilies:[7][8]

Relationship between the genera[8]

References Edit

  1. ^ Boles, p. xv
  2. ^ Boles, p. 35.
  3. ^ Dickinson, E.C.; Christidis, L., eds. (2014). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 2: Passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. pp. xxxvii–xxxiv. ISBN 978-0-9568611-2-2.
  4. ^ Oliveros, C.H.; et al. (2019). "Earth history and the passerine superradiation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 116 (16): 7916–7925. Bibcode:2019PNAS..116.7916O. doi:10.1073/pnas.1813206116. PMC 6475423. PMID 30936315.
  5. ^ Schodde R, Mason IJ (1999). The Directory of Australian Birds : Passerines. A Taxonomic and Zoogeographic Atlas of the Biodiversity of Birds in Australia and its Territories. Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 0-643-06456-7.
  6. ^ Loynes, Kate; Joseph, Leo; Keogh, J. Scott (2009). "Multi-locus phylogeny clarifies the systematics of the Australo-Papuan robins (Family Petroicidae, Passeriformes)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 53 (1): 212–19. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.012. PMID 19463962.
  7. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Australasian robins, rockfowl, rockjumpers, Rail-babbler". World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  8. ^ a b Christidis, L.; Irestedt, M.; Rowe, D.; Boles, W.E.; Norman, J.A. (2011). "Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA phylogenies reveal a complex evolutionary history in the Australasian robins (Passeriformes: Petroicidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 61 (3): 726–738. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.08.014. PMID 21867765.

Sources Edit

  • Boles, Walter E. (1988). The Robins and Flycatchers of Australia. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. ISBN 0-207-15400-7.

Further reading Edit

  • Del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Christie D. (editors). (2007). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 12: Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-84-96553-42-2
  • Mathews, G. M. (1920): The Birds of Australia Vol. VIII, No. 4.
  • Miller, Hilary C.; Lambert, David M. (2006). "A molecular phylogeny of New Zealand's Petroica (Aves: Petroicidae) species based on mitochondrial DNA sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 40 (3): 844–855. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.04.012. PMID 16750641.

External links Edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Petroicidae.
  • Petroicidae videos on the Internet Bird Collection
  • Meliphagoidea – Highlighting relationships of Maluridae on Tree Of Life Web Project

October 14, 2023
australasian, robin, bird, family, petroicidae, includes, species, genera, endemic, australasia, guinea, australia, zealand, numerous, pacific, islands, east, samoa, want, accurate, common, name, family, often, called, within, family, species, known, variously. The bird family Petroicidae includes 51 species in 19 genera All are endemic to Australasia New Guinea Australia New Zealand and numerous Pacific Islands as far east as Samoa For want of an accurate common name the family is often called the Australasian robins Within the family species are known variously as robins scrub robins and flyrobins They are only distantly related to the European robin of Europe north Africa and western Asia a member of family Muscicapidae Australasian robinScarlet robin Knocklofty Reserve Hobart TasmaniaScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClade DinosauriaClass AvesOrder PasseriformesInfraorder PasseridesFamily PetroicidaeMathews 1920GeneraSee text Global range In red Contents 1 Characteristics 2 Systematics 3 Classification 4 References 4 1 Sources 4 2 Further reading 5 External linksCharacteristics EditMost species have a compact build with a large rounded head a short straight bill and rounded wingtips They occupy a wide range of wooded habitats from subalpine to tropical rainforest and mangrove swamps to semi arid scrubland All are primarily insectivorous although a few supplement their diet with seeds Hunting is mostly by perch and pounce a favoured tactic being to cling sideways onto a treetrunk and scan the ground below without moving Social organisation is usually centered on long term pair bonds and small family groups Most members of the subfamily Eopsaltrinae practice cooperative breeding with all family members helping defend a territory and feed nestlings Nests are cup shaped usually constructed by the female and often placed in a vertical fork of a tree or shrub Many species are expert at adding moss bark or lichen to the outside of the nest as camouflage making it very difficult to spot even when it is in a seemingly prominent location Systematics EditAlthough named after true robins the Australian robins along with many other insect eating birds were originally classified as flycatchers in a huge family Muscicapidae 1 They were also classified for a time in the whistler family Pachycephalidae before being placed in their own family Petroicidae or Eopsaltridae 2 The family Petroicidae is a member of the infraorder Passerides which also includes the parvorders Sylviida Muscicapida and Passerida 3 It is most closely related to the families Eupetidae Rail babbler Chaetopidae Rockjumper and Picathartidae Rockfowl 4 Classification EditA comprehensive review including an analysis of the osteological characters by Schodde and Mason in 1999 illustrated three groupings classified as subfamilies below 5 Testing of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA revealed some changes and proposed sinking of Tregellasia into Eopsaltria as the white breasted robin s closest relatives appear to be the two taxa of Tregellasia 6 The family contains 51 species divided into 19 genera and 6 subfamilies 7 8 Eopsaltriinae TregellasiaQuoyornisEopsaltriaGennaeodryasMelanodryasPeneothelloPoecilodryasPlesiodryasHeteromyiasDrymodinae DrymodesMicroecinae MicroecaMonachellaCryptomicroecaKempiellaDevioecaPetroicinae EugerygonePetroicaPachycephalopsinae PachycephalopsisAmalocichlinae AmalocichlaRelationship between the genera 8 Eopsaltriinae Tregellasia 2 species Quoyornis monotypic white breasted robin Eopsaltria 2 species Gennaeodryas monotypic banded yellow robin Melanodryas 2 species Peneothello 5 species Poecilodryas 4 species Plesiodryas monotypic black throated robin Heteromyias 3 species Drymodinae Drymodes 3 species Microecinae Microeca 3 species Monachella monotypic torrent flyrobin Cryptomicroeca monotypic yellow bellied flyrobin Kempiella 2 species Devioeca monotypic canary flyrobin Petroicinae Eugerygone monotypic garnet robin Petroica 14 species Pachycephalopsinae Pachycephalopsis 2 species Amalocichlinae Amalocichla 2 species References Edit Boles p xv Boles p 35 Dickinson E C Christidis L eds 2014 The Howard amp Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World Vol 2 Passerines 4th ed Eastbourne UK Aves Press pp xxxvii xxxiv ISBN 978 0 9568611 2 2 Oliveros C H et al 2019 Earth history and the passerine superradiation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 116 16 7916 7925 Bibcode 2019PNAS 116 7916O doi 10 1073 pnas 1813206116 PMC 6475423 PMID 30936315 Schodde R Mason IJ 1999 The Directory of Australian Birds Passerines A Taxonomic and Zoogeographic Atlas of the Biodiversity of Birds in Australia and its Territories Collingwood Australia CSIRO Publishing ISBN 0 643 06456 7 Loynes Kate Joseph Leo Keogh J Scott 2009 Multi locus phylogeny clarifies the systematics of the Australo Papuan robins Family Petroicidae Passeriformes Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53 1 212 19 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2009 05 012 PMID 19463962 Gill Frank Donsker David eds 2019 Australasian robins rockfowl rockjumpers Rail babbler World Bird List Version 9 2 International Ornithologists Union Retrieved 15 June 2019 a b Christidis L Irestedt M Rowe D Boles W E Norman J A 2011 Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA phylogenies reveal a complex evolutionary history in the Australasian robins Passeriformes Petroicidae Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61 3 726 738 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2011 08 014 PMID 21867765 Sources Edit Boles Walter E 1988 The Robins and Flycatchers of Australia Sydney Angus amp Robertson ISBN 0 207 15400 7 Further reading Edit Del Hoyo J Elliot A amp Christie D editors 2007 Handbook of the Birds of the World Volume 12 Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees Lynx Edicions ISBN 978 84 96553 42 2 Mathews G M 1920 The Birds of Australia Vol VIII No 4 Miller Hilary C Lambert David M 2006 A molecular phylogeny of New Zealand s Petroica Aves Petroicidae species based on mitochondrial DNA sequences Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40 3 844 855 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2006 04 012 PMID 16750641 External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Petroicidae Petroicidae videos on the Internet Bird Collection Meliphagoidea Highlighting relationships of Maluridae on Tree Of Life Web Project Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Australasian robin amp oldid 1171146559, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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