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Eurasian dotterel

January 01, 1970

"Dotterel" redirects here. For other uses, see Dotterel (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Eudromia.

The Eurasian dotterel (Eudromias morinellus), also known in Europe as just dotterel, is a small wader in the plover family of birds. It is the only species placed in the genus Eudromias.

Eurasian dotterel
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Charadriiformes
Family: Charadriidae
Genus: Eudromias
Brehm, CL, 1830
Species:
E. morinellus
Binomial name
Eudromias morinellus
Range of C. morinellus
  Breeding
  Passage
  Non-breeding

The dotterel is a brown-and-black-streaked bird with a broad, white eye stripe and an orange-red chest band when in breeding plumage. The female is more colourful than the male. The bird is tame and unsuspecting, and the term "dotterel" has been applied contemptuously to mean an old fool.

The Eurasian dotterel is a migratory species, breeding in Northern Europe and Eurosiberia and migrating south to North Africa and the Middle East in the winter. It nests in a bare scrape on the ground and lays two to four eggs. The male does the incubation and rears the chicks, with the female having gone off to find another male and lay another clutch of eggs. It is a common bird with a wide range and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated it as being of "least concern".

Taxonomy and etymology edit

The Eurasian dotterel was formerly described in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Charadrius morinellus.[2][3] The species was moved from Charadrius to the resurrected genus Eudromias when phylogenetic studies found that Charadrius was paraphyletic.[4][5] The genus Eudromias had been originally introduced in 1830 by the German ornithologist Christian Ludwig Brehm.[6] The genus name Eudromias is Ancient Greek meaning "good runner". The specific morinellus is derived from Ancient Greek moros meaning "foolish", due to the bird's trusting nature.[7]

The English name dates from 1440 when it was used to refer to the bird and also as an insult for someone considered simple or a dotard. Which use is the oldest is unclear,[8] but the link is its tame and unsuspecting nature, which made it easy to catch; its Scottish Gaelic name is amadan-mòintich, "fool of the moors."[9] King James VI and I went every year to Royston, Hertfordshire, to shoot dotterels.[10] It was also easy prey for illegal poaching, which depleted its stocks.[citation needed] It was also prized as a delicacy; in 1534, Queen Anne Boleyn was presented with "a brace of dotterels".[11]

Description edit

This plover is smaller and more compact than European golden plover (Pluvialis apricaria). It has a striking whitish supercilium in all plumages and has plain wings in flight. Adults in summer are unmistakable, with a chestnut breast bordered above with white, black belly, and warm-brown back. The legs are yellow, and the short bill is black. As with the phalaropes, the female is brighter than the male. Winter birds lack the rich underpart colouration, apart from the white breast line, and are greyer above. Young birds are similar, but have a scaly appearance to their backs. The flight call is a soft pyurr. The female's song is a simple, repetitive whistle.

Distribution and habitat edit

It breeds in the Arctic tundra of northern Eurosiberia, from Norway to eastern Siberia, and on suitable mountain plateaus such as the Scottish highlands and the Alps. This species is migratory, wintering in a narrow belt across north Africa from Morocco eastwards to Iran. Migration stopovers are traditional, and small parties (trips) of dotterels pass through each year at these usually inland arable or grassy sites. The winter habitat is semi-desert.

Behaviour and ecology edit

The dotterel's diet is made up of insects and other small invertebrates such as snails, worms, and shellfish. These are obtained by a run-and-pause technique, rather than the steady probing used by other waders.

The male dotterel generally is responsible for incubation and looks after the chicks. In most cases, the cock dotterel successfully prevents other males from getting his mate and fertilizing her eggs. He usually rears chicks that he has fathered and only 4.6% (2/44) of chicks were not the genetic offspring of the caring male, corresponding to 9.1% (2/22) broods affected.[12]

Status edit

It is a relatively common species with a wide range. Populations seem to be declining slowly, but not alarmingly so, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated it as a "least-concern species". A survey published in 2015 showed a fall in dotterel numbers in Scotland between 1987 and 2011, from 980 to 423 breeding males - representing a decline of 57%.[13] The Eurasian dotterel is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds applies.

  •  
    Male with chicks
  •  
    Juvenile
  •  
    Female with chick - only the fourth record ever
  •  
    Nest
  •  
    ID composite
  •  
    Egg – MHNT

References edit

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Eudromias morinellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22693906A86574443. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22693906A86574443.en. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  2. ^ Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 150.
  3. ^ Peters, James Lee, ed. (1934). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 257.
  4. ^ Dos Remedios, N.; Lee, P.L.M.; Burke, T.; Székely, T.; Küpper, C. (2015). "North or south? Phylogenetic and biogeographic origins of a globally distributed avian clade". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 89: 151–159. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.04.010.
  5. ^ Černý, David; Natale, Rossy (2022). "Comprehensive taxon sampling and vetted fossils help clarify the time tree of shorebirds (Aves, Charadriiformes)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 177: 107620. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107620.
  6. ^ Brehm, Alfred (1830). "Beschluss der Uebersicht der deutschen Vögel". Isis von Oken (in German and Latin). 23. cols 985–1013 [987].
  7. ^ Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 99, 260. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  8. ^ "Dotterel". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  9. ^ Armstrong, Robert Archibald (1825). A Gaelic Dictionary in Two Parts. To which is Prefixed a New Gaelic Grammar. Duncan. p. 20. amadan-mòintich.
  10. ^ Quinlan, Ray (2003). The Greater Ridgeway. Milnthorpe, Cumbria, UK: Cicerone Press Limited. p. 189. ISBN 978-1-85284-346-5.
  11. ^ Weir, Alison"The Six Wives of Henry VIII" Pimlico edition 1992 p. 264
  12. ^ Owens, Ian P.F.; Dixon, Andrew; Burke, Terry; Thompson, Des B.A. (1995). "Strategic paternity assurance in the sex-role reversed Eurasian dotterel (Charadrius morinellus): behavioral and genetic evidence". Behavioral Ecology. 6: 14–21. doi:10.1093/beheco/6.1.14.
  13. ^ "Changes in the abundance and distribution of a montane specialist bird". Taylor & Francis. Vol. 62, no. 4. Bird Study. Retrieved 28 October 2015.

Further reading edit

  • Hayman, Peter; Marchant, John; Prater, Tony (1991). Shorebirds: An Identification Guide to the Waders of the World. ISBN 978-0-7099-2034-2.
  • Tsherbakov, B.V. "Breeding Dotterels Charadrius morinellus in the Altai mountains of Kazakhstan" (PDF). International Wader Studies. 10: 342–344. It is not only the males which incubate clutches and rear the chicks: on 24 June 1971, a female was collected from a nest with eggs.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Charadrius morinellus.
 
Wikispecies has information related to Charadrius morinellus.
  • Charadrius morinellus in Field Guide: Birds of the World on Flickr
  • BirdLife species factsheet for Charadrius morinellus
  • "Charadrius morinellus". Avibase.  
  • "Eurasian dotterel media". Internet Bird Collection.
  • Eurasian dotterel photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)
  • Interactive range map of Charadrius morinellus at IUCN Red List maps
  • Audio recordings of Eurasian dotterel on Xeno-canto.
  • media from ARKive  

January 01, 1970
eurasian, dotterel, dotterel, redirects, here, other, uses, dotterel, disambiguation, confused, with, eudromia, eudromias, morinellus, also, known, europe, just, dotterel, small, wader, plover, family, birds, only, species, placed, genus, eudromias, conservati. Dotterel redirects here For other uses see Dotterel disambiguation Not to be confused with Eudromia The Eurasian dotterel Eudromias morinellus also known in Europe as just dotterel is a small wader in the plover family of birds It is the only species placed in the genus Eudromias Eurasian dotterel Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Charadriiformes Family Charadriidae Genus EudromiasBrehm CL 1830 Species E morinellus Binomial name Eudromias morinellus Linnaeus 1758 Range of C morinellus Breeding Passage Non breeding The dotterel is a brown and black streaked bird with a broad white eye stripe and an orange red chest band when in breeding plumage The female is more colourful than the male The bird is tame and unsuspecting and the term dotterel has been applied contemptuously to mean an old fool The Eurasian dotterel is a migratory species breeding in Northern Europe and Eurosiberia and migrating south to North Africa and the Middle East in the winter It nests in a bare scrape on the ground and lays two to four eggs The male does the incubation and rears the chicks with the female having gone off to find another male and lay another clutch of eggs It is a common bird with a wide range and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated it as being of least concern Contents 1 Taxonomy and etymology 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Behaviour and ecology 5 Status 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksTaxonomy and etymology editThe Eurasian dotterel was formerly described in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Charadrius morinellus 2 3 The species was moved from Charadrius to the resurrected genus Eudromias when phylogenetic studies found that Charadrius was paraphyletic 4 5 The genus Eudromias had been originally introduced in 1830 by the German ornithologist Christian Ludwig Brehm 6 The genus name Eudromias is Ancient Greek meaning good runner The specific morinellus is derived from Ancient Greek moros meaning foolish due to the bird s trusting nature 7 The English name dates from 1440 when it was used to refer to the bird and also as an insult for someone considered simple or a dotard Which use is the oldest is unclear 8 but the link is its tame and unsuspecting nature which made it easy to catch its Scottish Gaelic name is amadan mointich fool of the moors 9 King James VI and I went every year to Royston Hertfordshire to shoot dotterels 10 It was also easy prey for illegal poaching which depleted its stocks citation needed It was also prized as a delicacy in 1534 Queen Anne Boleyn was presented with a brace of dotterels 11 Description editThis plover is smaller and more compact than European golden plover Pluvialis apricaria It has a striking whitish supercilium in all plumages and has plain wings in flight Adults in summer are unmistakable with a chestnut breast bordered above with white black belly and warm brown back The legs are yellow and the short bill is black As with the phalaropes the female is brighter than the male Winter birds lack the rich underpart colouration apart from the white breast line and are greyer above Young birds are similar but have a scaly appearance to their backs The flight call is a soft pyurr The female s song is a simple repetitive whistle Distribution and habitat editIt breeds in the Arctic tundra of northern Eurosiberia from Norway to eastern Siberia and on suitable mountain plateaus such as the Scottish highlands and the Alps This species is migratory wintering in a narrow belt across north Africa from Morocco eastwards to Iran Migration stopovers are traditional and small parties trips of dotterels pass through each year at these usually inland arable or grassy sites The winter habitat is semi desert Behaviour and ecology editThe dotterel s diet is made up of insects and other small invertebrates such as snails worms and shellfish These are obtained by a run and pause technique rather than the steady probing used by other waders The male dotterel generally is responsible for incubation and looks after the chicks In most cases the cock dotterel successfully prevents other males from getting his mate and fertilizing her eggs He usually rears chicks that he has fathered and only 4 6 2 44 of chicks were not the genetic offspring of the caring male corresponding to 9 1 2 22 broods affected 12 Status editIt is a relatively common species with a wide range Populations seem to be declining slowly but not alarmingly so and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated it as a least concern species A survey published in 2015 showed a fall in dotterel numbers in Scotland between 1987 and 2011 from 980 to 423 breeding males representing a decline of 57 13 The Eurasian dotterel is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds applies nbsp Male with chicks nbsp Juvenile nbsp Female with chick only the fourth record ever nbsp Nest nbsp ID composite nbsp Egg MHNTReferences edit BirdLife International 2016 Eudromias morinellus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T22693906A86574443 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 3 RLTS T22693906A86574443 en Retrieved 2 January 2024 Linnaeus Carl 1758 Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes ordines genera species cum characteribus differentiis synonymis locis in Latin Vol 1 10th ed Holmiae Stockholm Laurentii Salvii p 150 Peters James Lee ed 1934 Check List of Birds of the World Vol 2 Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press p 257 Dos Remedios N Lee P L M Burke T Szekely T Kupper C 2015 North or south Phylogenetic and biogeographic origins of a globally distributed avian clade Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 89 151 159 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2015 04 010 Cerny David Natale Rossy 2022 Comprehensive taxon sampling and vetted fossils help clarify the time tree of shorebirds Aves Charadriiformes Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 177 107620 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2022 107620 Brehm Alfred 1830 Beschluss der Uebersicht der deutschen Vogel Isis von Oken in German and Latin 23 cols 985 1013 987 Jobling James A 2010 The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names London Christopher Helm pp 99 260 ISBN 978 1 4081 2501 4 Dotterel Oxford English Dictionary Online ed Oxford University Press Subscription or participating institution membership required Armstrong Robert Archibald 1825 A Gaelic Dictionary in Two Parts To which is Prefixed a New Gaelic Grammar Duncan p 20 amadan mointich Quinlan Ray 2003 The Greater Ridgeway Milnthorpe Cumbria UK Cicerone Press Limited p 189 ISBN 978 1 85284 346 5 Weir Alison The Six Wives of Henry VIII Pimlico edition 1992 p 264 Owens Ian P F Dixon Andrew Burke Terry Thompson Des B A 1995 Strategic paternity assurance in the sex role reversed Eurasian dotterel Charadrius morinellus behavioral and genetic evidence Behavioral Ecology 6 14 21 doi 10 1093 beheco 6 1 14 Changes in the abundance and distribution of a montane specialist bird Taylor amp Francis Vol 62 no 4 Bird Study Retrieved 28 October 2015 Further reading editHayman Peter Marchant John Prater Tony 1991 Shorebirds An Identification Guide to the Waders of the World ISBN 978 0 7099 2034 2 Tsherbakov B V Breeding Dotterels Charadrius morinellus in the Altai mountains of Kazakhstan PDF International Wader Studies 10 342 344 It is not only the males which incubate clutches and rear the chicks on 24 June 1971 a female was collected from a nest with eggs External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Charadrius morinellus nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Charadrius morinellus Ageing and sexing PDF 3 1 MB by Javier Blasco Zumeta amp Gerd Michael Heinze Charadrius morinellus in Field Guide Birds of the World on Flickr BirdLife species factsheet for Charadrius morinellus Charadrius morinellus Avibase nbsp Eurasian dotterel media Internet Bird Collection Eurasian dotterel photo gallery at VIREO Drexel University Interactive range map of Charadrius morinellus at IUCN Red List maps Audio recordings of Eurasian dotterel on Xeno canto Eurasian dotterel media from ARKive nbsp Portals nbsp Birds nbsp Animals nbsp Biology Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Eurasian dotterel amp oldid 1215569875, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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