Wikipedia
List of World Heritage Sites in Southern Europe
This article is missing information about World Heritage Sites inscribed in 2021. (March 2022) |
The UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) has designated 175 World Heritage Sites in all of the 15 sovereign countries (also called "state parties") of Southern Europe: Albania, Andorra, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Malta, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Portugal, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, and Vatican City as well as one site in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar.[1] While Turkey has territory in Southern Europe, they are not included here but in Western Asia, and Cyprus is also included in Western Asia.
The top two countries by number of World Heritage Sites are located in this region: Italy with 58 sites and Spain with 49 sites (44 sites not including those on the Canary Islands, which are included in Africa). Seven sites are shared between several countries: Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Côa Valley and Siega Verde (Portugal and Spain), Rhaetian Railway in the Albula / Bernina Landscapes (Italy and Switzerland), Monte San Giorgio (Italy and Switzerland), Historic Centre of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura (Holy See and Italy), Pyrénées – Mont Perdu (France and Spain), Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps (Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Slovenia and Switzerland) and Heritage of Mercury – Almadén and Idrija (Slovenia and Spain).[2] The first sites from the region were inscribed in 1979 a year after the list's conception, and included six sites in the former Yugoslavia and one site in Italy.[3][4] Each year, UNESCO's World Heritage Committee may inscribe new sites on the list, or delist sites that no longer meet the criteria. Selection is based on ten criteria: six for cultural heritage (i–vi) and four for natural heritage (vii–x).[5] Some sites, designated "mixed sites," represent both cultural and natural heritage. In Southern Europe, there are 154 cultural, 16 natural, and 5 mixed sites.[2]
The World Heritage Committee may also specify that a site is endangered, citing "conditions which threaten the very characteristics for which a property was inscribed on the World Heritage List." One of the sites (Medieval Monuments in Kosovo) in Southern Europe is listed as endangered and four sites (Old City of Dubrovnik, Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor, Plitvice Lakes National Park and Butrint) were previously listed. Possible danger listing has been considered by UNESCO in a number of other cases.[6][7]
Legend edit
- Site; named after the World Heritage Committee's official designation[2]
- Location; at city, regional, or provincial level and geocoordinates
- Criteria; as defined by the World Heritage Committee[5]
- Area; in hectares and acres. If available, the size of the buffer zone has been noted as well. A value of zero implies that no data has been published by UNESCO
- Year; during which the site was inscribed to the World Heritage List
- Description; brief information about the site, including reasons for qualifying as an endangered site, if applicable
World Heritage Sites edit
* Trans-border site
† In danger
| Site | Image | Location | Criteria | Area ha (acre) | Year | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18th-Century Royal Palace at Caserta with the Park, the Aqueduct of Vanvitelli, and the San Leucio Complex | Provinces of Caserta and Benevento, Campania, Italy 41°4′24″N 14°19′35″E / 41.07333°N 14.32639°E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv) | 87 (210); buffer zone 111 (270) | 1997 | ||
| Acropolis, Athens | Attica, Greece 37°58′15″N 23°43′34″E / 37.97083°N 23.72611°E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi) | 3.04 (7.5); buffer zone 117 (290) | 1987 | A collection of massive, yet perfectly balanced architectural masterpieces in harmony with the natural landscape, the Acropolis of Athens is one of the most important expressions of Classical Greek aesthetics. It was completed by the 5th century BC and has since then exerted a profound influence on architecture worldwide.[9] | |
| Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzín, Granada | Province of Granada, Andalusia, Spain 37°10′36″N 3°35′40″W / 37.17667°N 3.59444°W | Cultural: (i)(iii)(iv) | — | 1984[nb 1] | The three sites are remnants of the Moorish influence in southern Spain. The fortress Alhambra and the palace Generalife were built by the rulers of the Emirate of Granada. The Albayzín district contains examples of the Moorish vernacular architecture and was added to the listing in 1994. | |
| Alto Douro Wine Region | Douro Subregion, Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Province, Portugal 41°6′6″N 7°47′56″W / 41.10167°N 7.79889°W | Cultural: (iii)(iv)(v) | 24,600 (61,000); buffer zone 225,400 (557,000) | 2001 | ||
| Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe | Albania*; Austria*; Belgium*; Bulgaria*; Croatia*; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Thuringia, Hesse, Germany*; Italy*; Romania*; Prešov Region, Slovakia*; Slovenia*; Spain*; Zakarpattia Oblast, Ukraine* 49°5′10″N 22°32′10″E / 49.08611°N 22.53611°E | Natural: (ix) | 92,023 (227,390); buffer zone 253,815 (627,190) | 2007[nb 2] | Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians are used to study the spread of the beech tree (Fagus sylvatica) in the Northern Hemisphere across a variety of environments and the environment in the forest. The addition of the Ancient Beech Forests of Germany in 2011 included five forests totaling 4,391 hectares (10,850 acres) that are added to the 29,278 hectares (72,350 acres) of Slovakian and Ukrainian beech forests inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2007. The site was further expanded in 2017 to include forests in 9 additional European countries. | |
| Arab–Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalú and Monreale | Province of Palermo, Sicily, Italy 38°6′39″N 13°21′11″E / 38.11083°N 13.35306°E | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | 6.24 (15.4); buffer zone 483 (1,190) | 2015 | The new Norman rulers started to build various constructions in what is called the Arab-Norman style. They incorporated the best practices of Arab and Byzantine architecture into their own art.[15][16] | |
| Aranjuez Cultural Landscape | Aranjuez, Community of Madrid, Spain 40°2′11″N 3°36′34″W / 40.03639°N 3.60944°W | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | 2,048 (5,060); buffer zone 16,605 (41,030) | 2001 | The landscape around the Royal Palace of Aranjuez was developed by the Spanish royal family over a course of three centuries and contains innovative horticultural and design ideas. The area was the exclusive property of the royal family until the 19th century when the modern civilian city developed. | |
| Archaeological Area and the Patriarchal Basilica of Aquileia | Province of Udine, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy 45°46′6″N 13°22′3″E / 45.76833°N 13.36750°E | Cultural: (iii)(iv)(vi) | 155 (380) | 1998 | ||
| Archaeological Area of Agrigento | Province of Agrigento, Sicily, Italy 37°17′23″N 13°35′36″E / 37.28972°N 13.59333°E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv) | 934 (2,310); buffer zone 1,869 (4,620) | 1997 | ||
| Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata | Province of Naples, Campania, Italy 40°45′0″N 14°29′0″E / 40.75000°N 14.48333°E | Cultural: (iii)(iv)(v) | 98 (240); buffer zone 24 (59) | 1997 | ||
| Archaeological Ensemble of Tárraco | Province of Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain 41°6′53″N 1°15′34″E / 41.11472°N 1.25944°E | Cultural: (ii)(iii) | 100 (250) | 2000 | The prominent Roman city of Tárraco at the site of modern-day Tarragona served as the capital of the provinces of Hispania Citerior and later Hispania Tarraconensis. The amphitheatre was constructed in the 2nd century. Most remains are only fragments or preserved under more modern buildings. | |
| Archaeological Ensemble of Mérida | Province of Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain 38°54′58″N 6°20′16″W / 38.91611°N 6.33778°W | Cultural: (iii)(iv) | — | 1993 | Mérida was founded in 25 BC by the Romans as Emerita Augusta and was the capital of the Lusitania province. Remains from the Roman era include a bridge, aqueduct, amphitheatre, theatre, circus, and forum. | |
| Archaeological Site of Aigai (modern name Vergina) | Imathia, Central Macedonia, Greece 40°28′17″N 22°19′6″E / 40.47139°N 22.31833°E | Cultural: (i)(iii) | 1,421 (3,510); buffer zone 4,812 (11,890) | 1996 | The ancient city of Aigai was the first capital of the Kingdom of Macedon. In addition to the monumental palace, lavishly decorated with mosaics and painted stuccoes, the site contains a burial ground with more than 300 tumuli, one of which has been identified as that of Philip II of Macedon, father of Alexander the Great.[23] | |
| Archaeological Site of Atapuerca | Province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain 42°22′17″N 3°32′50″W / 42.37139°N 3.54722°W | Cultural: (iii)(v) | — | 2000 | The caves in the Atapuerca Mountains contain fossil remains of the earliest human beings discovered in Europe dating from nearly one million years ago. The Sima de los Huesos or "Pit of Bones" contains the world's largest collection of hominid fossils. | |
| Archaeological Site of Delphi | Phocis, Central Greece, Greece 38°28′53″N 22°29′46″E / 38.48139°N 22.49611°E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi) | 51 (130); buffer zone 14,314 (35,370) | 1987 | The pan-Hellenic sanctuary of Delphi, location of the oracle of Apollo, was the spiritual center of the Greek world. Situated in a spectacular natural setting at the foot of Mount Parnassus, it was a symbol of Greek cultural unity from the 8th century BC onwards.[26] | |
| Archaeological Site of Mystras | Laconia, Peloponnese, Greece 37°4′50″N 22°22′0″E / 37.08056°N 22.36667°E | Cultural: (ii)(iii)(iv) | 54 (130); buffer zone 1,203 (2,970) | 1989 | Long known as "the Wonder of the Morea", the remarkably well-preserved medieval city of Mystras played a central role in the final years of the Byzantine Empire. Built on a steep hill at the foot of Mount Taygetus, it was the last Byzantine stronghold to fall to the Ottomans, holding out until 1461.[28] | |
| Archaeological Site of Olympia | Elis, Western Peloponnese, Greece 37°39′0″N 21°40′0″E / 37.65000°N 21.66667°E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi) | 106 (260); buffer zone 1,458 (3,600) | 1989 | The site of Olympia, built on the banks of the Alpheios river in the Peloponnese, was the location of the ancient Olympic Games beginning in 776 BC. In addition to numerous temples and sanctuaries, it contains the remains of several sporting structures, such as its famous stadium.[30] | |
| Archaeological Sites of Mycenae and Tiryns | Argolis, Peloponnese, Greece 37°44′0″N 22°45′0″E / 37.73333°N 22.75000°E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi) | — | 1999 | Mycenae and Tiryns were two of the most important cities of Mycenean Greece, which flourished between the 15th and 12th centuries BC. The Lion's Gate and Treasury of Atreus at Mycenae have been listed as "outstanding examples of human creative genius".[32] | |
| Assisi, the Basilica of San Francesco and Other Franciscan Sites | Italy 43°3′58″N 12°37′21″E / 43.06611°N 12.62250°E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi) | 14,563 (35,990); buffer zone 4,087 (10,100) | 2000 | ||
| Botanical Garden (Orto Botanico), Padua | City and Province of Padua, Veneto, Italy 45°23′57″N 11°52′50″E / 45.39917°N 11.88056°E | Cultural: (ii)(iii) | 2.20 (5.4); buffer zone 11 (27) | 1997 | ||
| Burgos Cathedral | Burgos, Province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain 42°20′25″N 3°42′14.5″W / 42.34028°N 3.704028°W | Cultural: (ii)(iv)(vi) | — | 1984 | The Gothic-style cathedral was constructed between the 13th and 16th centuries. It is the burial place of Spanish national hero, El Cid. | |
| Butrint | Sarandë District, Albania 39°45′4″N 20°1′34″E / 39.75111°N 20.02611°E | Cultural: (iii) | 3,980 (9,800); buffer zone 4,611 (11,390) | 1992[nb 3] | The site had been listed as endangered 1997–2005 following damages due to management and conservation. | |
| Castel del Monte | Andria and Corato, Province of Bari, Apulia, Italy 41°5′5″N 16°16′15″E / 41.08472°N 16.27083°E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii) | 3.10 (7.7); buffer zone 10,847 (26,800) | 1996 | ||
| Catalan Romanesque Churches of the Vall de Boí | Province of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain 42°30′17″N 0°48′13″E / 42.50472°N 0.80361°E | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | — | 2000 | The small valley at the edge of the Pyrenees contains churches in Romanesque style decorated with Romanesque murals, statues, and altars. The churches are unique for their tall, square bell towers. | |
| Cathedral, Alcázar and Archivo de Indias in Seville | Province of Seville, Andalusia, Spain 37°23′2″N 5°59′30″W / 37.38389°N 5.99167°W | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(vi) | 12 (30); buffer zone 187 (460) | 1987[nb 4] | The Alcázar was built during the Almohad dynasty that ruled southern Spain until the Reconquista. The cathedral dates to the 15th century and holds the tombs of Ferdinand III and Christopher Columbus. The Archivo (Archive) houses documents relating to the colonization of the Americas. | |
| Cathedral, Torre Civica and Piazza Grande, Modena | City and Province of Modena, Emilia–Romagna, Italy 44°38′46″N 10°55′32″E / 44.64611°N 10.92556°E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv) | 1.20 (3.0); buffer zone 1.10 (2.7) | 1997 | ||
| Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain | Santillana del Mar, Cantabria, Spain 43°22′57″N 4°6′58″W / 43.38250°N 4.11611°W | Cultural: (i)(iii) | 2,235 (5,520) | 1985[nb 5] | The Cave of Altamira contains examples of cave painting from the Upper Paleolithic period, ranging from 35,000 to 11,000 BC. The original listing contained seventeen decorated caves. The caves are well-preserved because of their deep isolation from the external climate. | |
| Central Zone of the Town of Angra do Heroismo in the Azores | Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal 38°39′18″N 27°13′12″W / 38.65500°N 27.22000°W | Cultural: (iv)(vi) | — | 1983 | ||
| Church and Dominican Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie with "The Last Supper" by Leonardo da Vinci | Province of Milano, Lombardy, Italy 45°27′57″N 9°10′14″E / 45.46583°N 9.17056°E | Cultural: (i)(ii) | 1.50 (3.7) | 1980 | ||
| Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park with the Archeological sites of Paestum and Velia, and the Certosa di Padula | Province of Salerno, Campania, Italy 40°17′0″N 15°16′0″E / 40.28333°N 15.26667°E | Cultural: (iii)(iv) | 159,110 (393,200); buffer zone 178,101 (440,100) | 1998 | ||
| City of Valletta | Malta Island, Malta 35°54′2″N 14°30′52″E / 35.90056°N 14.51444°E | Cultural: (i)(vi) | 56 (140) | 1980 | ||
| City of Verona | City and Province of Verona, Veneto, Italy 45°26′19″N 10°59′38″E / 45.43861°N 10.99389°E | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | 453 (1,120); buffer zone 431 (1,070) | 2000 | ||
| City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto | Provinces of Padua, Rovigo, Treviso, Venice, Verona and Vicenza, Veneto, Italy 45°32′57″N 11°32′58″E / 45.54917°N 11.54944°E | Cultural: (i)(ii) | 334 (830) | 1994[nb 6] | ||
| Convent of Christ in Tomar | Tomar, Santarém District, Portugal 39°36′17″N 8°25′3″W / 39.60472°N 8.41750°W | Cultural: (i)(vi) | — | 1983 | ||
| Costiera Amalfitana | Province of Salerno, Campania, Italy 40°39′0″N 14°36′0″E / 40.65000°N 14.60000°E | Cultural: (ii)(iv)(v) | 11,231 (27,750) | 1997 | ||
| Crespi d'Adda | Province of Bergamo, Lombardy, Italy 45°35′36″N 9°32′18″E / 45.59333°N 9.53833°E | Cultural: (iv)(v) | — | 1995 | ||
| Cultural Landscape of Sintra | Sintra, Portugal 38°47′0″N 9°25′0″W / 38.78333°N 9.41667°W | Cultural: (ii)(iv)(v) | 946 (2,340); buffer zone 3,641 (9,000) | 1995 | ||
| Cultural Landscape of the Serra de Tramuntana | Mallorca, Spain 39°43′51″N 2°41′41″E / 39.73083°N 2.69472°E | Cultural: (ii)(iv)(v) | 30,745 (75,970); buffer zone 78,617 (194,270) | 2011 | ||
| Delos | Cyclades, South Aegean, Greece 37°24′0″N 25°16′0″E / 37.40000°N 25.26667°E | Cultural: (ii)(iii)(iv)(vi) | 351 (870) | 1990 | The birthplace of Apollo and Artemis according to Greek mythology, the sacred island of Delos was one of the most important pan-Hellenic sanctuaries. The sanctuary of Apollo on Delos attracted pilgrims from all over Greece, making Delos a prosperous trading port.[57] | |
| Doñana National Park | Huelva and Seville Provinces, Andalusia, Spain 36°56′52″N 6°21′32″W / 36.94778°N 6.35889°W | Natural: (vii)(ix)(x) | 54,252 (134,060) | 1994[nb 7] | The park consists of the delta region where the Guadalquivir River reaches the Atlantic Ocean. It is home to a diverse variety of biotopes, such as lagoons, marshlands, dunes, and maquis. The park is one of the largest heronries in the Mediterranean region and holds more than 500,000 water fowl during the winter period. | |
| Durmitor National Park | Montenegro 43°7′59″N 19°1′0″E / 43.13306°N 19.01667°E | Natural: (vii)(viii)(x) | 32,100 (79,000) | 1980[nb 8] | ||
| Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna | City and Province of Ravenna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy 44°25′14″N 12°11′47″E / 44.42056°N 12.19639°E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv) | 1.32 (3.3) | 1996 | ||
| Episcopal Complex of the Euphrasian Basilica in the Historic Centre of Poreč | Poreč, Istria County, Croatia 45°13′45″N 13°35′40″E / 45.22917°N 13.59444°E | Cultural: (ii)(iii)(iv) | 1.10 (2.7) | 1997 | The episcopal complex, with its striking mosaics dating back to the 6th century, is one of the best examples of early Byzantine art and architecture in the Mediterranean region and the world. It includes the basilica itself, a sacristy, a baptistery and the bell tower of the nearby archbishop's palace. | |
| Etruscan Necropolises of Cerveteri and Tarquinia | Provinces of Rome and Viterbo, Lazio, Italy 42°0′25″N 12°6′7″E / 42.00694°N 12.10194°E | Cultural: (i)(iii)(iv) | 21 (52); buffer zone 5,786 (14,300) | 2004 | ||
| Ferrara, City of the Renaissance, and its Po Delta | City and Province of Ferrara, Emilia–Romagna, Italy 44°50′16″N 11°37′10″E / 44.83778°N 11.61944°E | Cultural: (ii)(iii)(iv)(v)(vi) | 46,712 (115,430); buffer zone 117,649 (290,720) | 1995[nb 9] | ||
| Garrison Border Town of Elvas and its Fortifications | Alentejo, Portugal 38°52′50″N 7°9′48″W / 38.88056°N 7.16333°W | Cultural: (iv) | 179 (440); buffer zone 608 (1,500) | 2012 | The site, extensively fortified from the 17th to 19th centuries, represents the largest bulwarked dry ditch system in the work. Within its walls, the town contains barracks and other military buildings as well as churches and monasteries. While Elvas contains remains dating back to the 10th century A.D., its fortification began when Portugal regained independence in 1640. The fortifications designed by Dutch Jesuit Padre João Piscásio Cosmander represent the best surviving example of the Dutch school of fortifications anywhere. The site also contains the Amoreira Aqueduct, built to enable the stronghold to withstand lengthy sieges. | |
| Gamzigrad-Romuliana, Palace of Galerius | Zaječar, Serbia 43°53′57.5″N 22°11′10″E / 43.899306°N 22.18611°E | Cultural: (iii)(iv) | 179 (440); buffer zone 545 (1,350) | 2007 | The Late Roman fortified palace compound and memorial complex of Gamzigrad-Romuliana, Palace of Galerius, in the east of Serbia, was commissioned by Emperor Caius Valerius Galerius Maximianus, in the late 3rd and early 4th centuries. It was known as Felix Romuliana, named after the emperor's mother. The site consists of fortifications, the palace in the north-western part of the complex, basilicas, temples, hot baths, memorial complex, and a tetrapylon. The group of buildings is also unique in its intertwining of ceremonial and memorial functions. | |
| Genoa: Le Strade Nuove and the system of the Palazzi dei Rolli | Province of Genoa, Liguria, Italy 44°24′44″N 8°55′52″E / 44.41222°N 8.93111°E | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | 16 (40); buffer zone 113 (280) | 2006 | ||
| Gorham's Cave Complex | Gibraltar, UK 36°07′13″N 5°20′31″W / 36.120397°N 5.342075°W[71] | Cultural: (iii) | — | 2016[71] | A natural sea cave, considered to be one of the last known habitations of the Neanderthals in Europe.[71] | |
| Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum | Paola, Malta Island, Malta 35°52′17″N 14°30′27″E / 35.87139°N 14.50750°E | Cultural: (iii) | — | 1980 | ||
| Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and Idrija | Slovenia*; Spain* 38°46′31″N 4°50′20″W / 38.77528°N 4.83889°W | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | 104 (260) | 2012 | ||
| Historical Complex of Split with the Palace of Diocletian | Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia 43°30′34″N 16°26′36″E / 43.50944°N 16.44333°E | Cultural: (ii)(iii)(iv) | 21 (52) | 1979 | The palace was built by the Roman emperor Diocletian at the turn of the fourth century AD, and later served as the basis of the city of Split. A cathedral was built in the Middle Ages inside the ancient mausoleum, along with churches, fortifications, Gothic and Renaissance palaces. The Baroque style makes up the rest of the area. | |
| Historic Centre of Cordoba | Province of Córdoba, Andalusia, Spain 37°52′45″N 4°46′47″W / 37.87917°N 4.77972°W | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv) | — | 1984[nb 10] | The original listing was the Great Mosque of Córdoba, a 7th-century mosque converted to a Roman Catholic cathedral in the 13th century by Ferdinand III. During the high period of the Moorish rule of the region, Córdoba had over 300 mosques and architecture that compared to that of Constantinople, Damascus, and Baghdad. | |
| Historic Centre of Évora | Évora Municipality, Alentejo, Portugal 38°24′23″N 7°54′28″W / 38.40639°N 7.90778°W | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | — | 1986 | ||
| Historic Centre of Florence | City and Province of Florence, Tuscany, Italy 43°46′23″N 11°15′22″E / 43.77306°N 11.25611°E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi) | 505 (1,250) | 1982 | ||
| Historic Centre of Guimarães | Braga District, Minho Province, Portugal 41°26′27″N 8°17′41″W / 41.44083°N 8.29472°W | Cultural: (ii)(iii)(iv) | 16 (40); buffer zone 45 (110) | 2001 | ||
| Historic Centre of Naples | City and Province of Naples, Campania, Italy 40°51′5″N 14°15′46″E / 40.85139°N 14.26278°E | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | — | 1995 | ||
| Historic Centre of Oporto, Luiz I Bridge and Monastery of Serra do Pilar | Norte, Portugal 41°8′30″N 8°37′0″W / 41.14167°N 8.61667°W | Cultural: (iv) | — | 1996 | ||
| Historic Centre of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura | Holy See*; Rome, Lazio, Italy* 41°53′25″N 12°29′32″E / 41.89028°N 12.49222°E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi) | 1,485 (3,670) | 1980[nb 11] | ||
| Historic Centre of San Gimignano | San Gimignano, Province of Siena, Tuscany, Italy 43°28′5″N 11°2′30″E / 43.46806°N 11.04167°E | Cultural: (i)(iii)(iv) | 14 (35) | 1990 | ||
| Historic Centre of Siena | City and Province of Siena, Tuscany, Italy 43°19′7″N 11°19′54″E / 43.31861°N 11.33167°E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv) | 170 (420); buffer zone 9,907 (24,480) | 1995 | ||
| Historic Centre of the City of Pienza | Pienza, Province of Siena, Tuscany, Italy 43°4′37″N 11°40′43″E / 43.07694°N 11.67861°E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv) | 4.41 (10.9) | 1996 | ||
| Historic Centre of Urbino | Province of Pesaro, Marche, Italy 43°43′30″N 12°38′0″E / 43.72500°N 12.63333°E | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | 29 (72); buffer zone 3,609 (8,920) | 1998 | ||
| Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokastra | Berat and Gjirokastër, Albania 40°4′10″N 20°8′0″E / 40.06944°N 20.13333°E | Cultural: (iii)(iv) | 59 (150); buffer zone 136 (340) | 2005[nb 12] | ||
| Historic City of Toledo | Province of Toledo, Castile–La Mancha, Spain 39°52′1″N 4°1′46″W / 39.86694°N 4.02944°W | Cultural: (i)(ii)(vi) | — | 1986 | Toledo was founded by the Romans, served as the capital of the Visigothic Kingdom, was important in Muslim Spain and during the Reconquista, and briefly served as the capital of Spain. The city combines Christian, Muslim, and Jewish influences. | |
| Historic City of Trogir | Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia 43°30′45″N 16°15′6″E / 43.51250°N 16.25167°E | Cultural: (ii)(v) | 6.40 (15.8); buffer zone 4.80 (11.9) | 1997 | Trogir's rich culture was created under the influence of old Greeks, Romans, and Venetians. It is the best-preserved Romanesque-Gothic complex not only in the Adriatic, but in all of Central Europe. Trogir's medieval core, surrounded by walls, comprises a preserved castle and tower and a series of dwellings and palaces from the Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque periods. | |
| Historic Walled Town of Cuenca | Province of Cuenca, Castile–La Mancha, Spain 40°4′36″N 2°7′54″W / 40.07667°N 2.13167°W | Cultural: (ii)(v) | — | 1996 | The Moors built the fortified city in the early 8th century, and it was captured by the Christians in the 12th century. The cathedral is the first Gothic example in Spain. The town is also famous for its casas colgados, houses that hang over the edge of a cliff. | |
| Ibiza, Biodiversity and Culture | Balearic Islands, Spain 38°54′40″N 1°26′7″E / 38.91111°N 1.43528°E | Mixed: (ii)(iii)(iv)(ix)(x) | 8,564 (21,160) | 1999 | The coast of Ibiza is home to posidonia oceanica, a seagrass only found in the Mediterranean that supports a diverse coastal and marine ecosystem. The island also contains numerous Phoenician ruins, and the fortified and walled older portions of the city date to the 16th century. | |
| Isole Eolie (Aeolian Islands) | Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy 38°29′16″N 14°56′44″E / 38.48778°N 14.94556°E | Natural: (viii) | 1,216 (3,000) | 2000 | ||
| Ivrea, Industrial City of the 20th Century | Ivrea, Italy 45°28′0″N 7°53′0″E / 45.46667°N 7.88333°E | Cultural: (iv) | 71.185 (175.90); buffer zone 400.481 (989.61) | 2018 | ||
| La Lonja de la Seda de Valencia | Valencia, Province of Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain 39°28′28″N 0°22′42″W / 39.47444°N 0.37833°W | Cultural: (i)(iv) | — | 1996 | La Lonja (or Llotja in Valencian language) de la Seda means Silk Exchange in English, and the group of Gothic buildings demonstrate the wealth of Valencia as an important Mediterranean and European mercantile city in the period. | |
| Landscape of the Pico Island Vineyard Culture | Azores, Portugal 38°30′48″N 28°32′28″W / 38.51333°N 28.54111°W | Cultural: (iii)(v) | 190 (470); buffer zone 2,445 (6,040) | 2004 | ||
| Las Médulas | Province of León, Castile and León, Spain 42°28′10″N 6°46′15″W / 42.46944°N 6.77083°W | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv) | — | 1997 | The Romans established a gold mine and worked the site for two centuries. They used an early form of hydraulic mining and cut aqueducts in the rock cliffs to provide water for the operations. The Romans left in the early 3rd century, leaving sheer cliff faces and mining infrastructure that is intact today. | |
| Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto (South-Eastern Sicily) | Provinces of Catania, Ragusa and Syracuse, Sicily, Italy 36°53′35.5″N 15°4′8″E / 36.893194°N 15.06889°E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv)(v) | 113 (280); buffer zone 306 (760) | 2002 | ||
| Longobards in Italy. Places of the power (568-774 A.D.) | Italy 46°5′39″N 13°25′59″E / 46.09417°N 13.43306°E | Cultural: (ii)(iii)(vi) | 14 (35); buffer zone 306 (760) | 2011 | The site includes seven Longobards towns: Brescia, Cividale del Friuli, Castelseprio, Spoleto, Campello sul Clitunno, Benevento and Monte Sant'Angelo. | |
| Madriu-Perafita-Claror Valley | Encamp, Andorra la Vella, Sant Julià de Lòria, Escaldes-Engordany, Andorra 42°29′41″N 1°35′44″E / 42.49472°N 1.59556°E | Cultural: (v) | — | 2004[nb 13] | ||
| Mantua and Sabbioneta | Italy 45°9′34″N 10°47′40″E / 45.15944°N 10.79444°E | Cultural: (ii)(iii) | 235 (580); buffer zone 2,330 (5,800) | 2008 | ||
| Medieval City of Rhodes | Rhodes, South Aegean, Greece 36°26′50″N 28°13′40″E / 36.44722°N 28.22778°E | Cultural: (ii)(iv)(v) | 66 (160) | 1988 | The Order of St John of Jerusalem occupied Rhodes from 1309 to 1523 and set about transforming the city into a stronghold. It subsequently came under Turkish and Italian rule. With the Palace of the Grand Masters, the Great Hospital and the Street of the Knights, the Upper Town is one of the most beautiful urban ensembles of the Gothic period. In the Lower Town, Gothic architecture coexists with mosques, public baths and other buildings dating from the Ottoman period.[102] | |
| Medici Villas and Gardens in Tuscany | Tuscany, Italy 43°51′28″N 11°18′15″E / 43.85778°N 11.30417°E | Cultural: (ii)(iv)(vi) | 125 (310); buffer zone 3,539 (8,750) | 2013 | ||
| Medieval Monuments in Kosovo† | Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija, Serbia 42°39′40″N 20°15′56″E / 42.66111°N 20.26556°E | Cultural: (ii)(iii)(iv) | 2.88 (7.1); buffer zone 115 (280) | 2004[nb 14] | The four edifices of the site reflect the high points of the Byzantine-Romanesque ecclesiastical culture, with its distinct style of wall painting, which developed in the Balkans between the 13th and 17th centuries. The Dečani Monastery was built in the mid-14th century for the Serbian king Stefan Dečanski and is also his mausoleum. The Patriarchal Monastery of Peć is a group of four domed churches featuring series of wall paintings. The 13th-century frescoes of the Church of Holy Apostles are painted in a unique, monumental style. Early 14th-century frescoes in the church of the Holy Virgin of Ljevisa represent the appearance of the new so-called Palaiologian Renaissance style, combining the influences of the eastern Orthodox Byzantine and the Western Romanesque traditions. The style played a decisive role in subsequent Balkan art. The site has been listed as endangered since 2006 due to a lack of legal protection and management; political instability and security. | |
| Medina Azahara, Córdoba | Province of Cordoba, Andalusia, Spain 37°53′10″N 4°52′04″W / 37.88611°N 4.86778°W | Cultural: (i)(iii)(iv) | — | 2018 | Ruins of a vast, fortified Arab Muslim medieval palace-city built by Abd-ar-Rahman III (912–961), the first Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba, and located on the western outskirts of Córdoba, Spain.[107] | |
| Megalithic Temples of Malta | Gozo and Malta Island, Malta 36°2′57″N 14°16′10″E / 36.04917°N 14.26944°E | Cultural: (iv) | — | 1980[nb 15] | ||
| Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge in Višegrad | Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 43°46′53″N 19°17′17″E / 43.78139°N 19.28806°E | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | 1.50 (3.7); buffer zone 12 (30) | 2007 | ||
| Meteora | Trikala, Thessaly, Greece 39°43′0″N 21°38′0″E / 39.71667°N 21.63333°E | Mixed: (i)(ii)(iv)(v)(vii) | 272 (670); buffer zone 1,884 (4,660) | 1988 | In a region of almost inaccessible sandstone peaks, monks settled on these 'columns of the sky' from the 11th century onwards. Twenty-four of these monasteries were built, despite incredible difficulties, at the time of the great revival of the eremitic ideal in the 15th century. Their 16th-century frescoes mark a key stage in the development of post-Byzantine painting.[110] | |
| Monasteries of Daphni, Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni of Chios | Attica, Central Greece and North Aegean, Greece 38°24′0″N 22°45′0″E / 38.40000°N 22.75000°E | Cultural: (i)(iv) | 3.70 (9.1); buffer zone 5,816 (14,370) | 1990 | Although geographically distant from each other, these three monasteries belong to the same typological series and share the same aesthetic characteristics. The churches are built on a cross-in-square plan with a large dome supported by squinches defining an octagonal space. In the 11th and 12th centuries they were decorated with superb marble works as well as mosaics on a gold background, all characteristic of the 'second golden age of Byzantine art'.[112] | |
| Monastery and Site of the Escorial, Madrid | San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Community of Madrid, Spain 40°34′54″N 4°7′35″W / 40.58167°N 4.12639°W | Cultural: (i)(ii)(vi) | — | 1984 | El Escorial is one of several Spanish royal sites due to its history as a residence of the royal family. The palace was designed by King Philip II and architect Juan Bautista de Toledo to serve as a monument to Spain's central role in the Christian world. | |
| Monastery of Alcobaça | Alcobaça, Leiria District, Portugal 39°33′0″N 8°58′36″W / 39.55000°N 8.97667°W | Cultural: (i)(iv) | — | 1989 | ||
| Monastery of Batalha | Batalha, Leiria District, Portugal 39°39′28″N 8°49′37″W / 39.65778°N 8.82694°W | Cultural: (i)(ii) | 0.98 (2.4); buffer zone 86 (210) | 1983 | ||
| Monastery of the Hieronymites and Tower of Belém in Lisbon | Lisbon, Portugal 38°41′31″N 9°12′57″W / 38.69194°N 9.21583°W | Cultural: (iii)(vi) | 2.66 (6.6); buffer zone 103 (250) | 1983[nb 16] | ||
| Monte San Giorgio | Italy*; Switzerland* 45°53′20″N 8°54′50″E / 45.88889°N 8.91389°E | Natural: (viii) | 1,089 (2,690); buffer zone 3,207 (7,920) | 2003[nb 17] | ||
| Monuments of Oviedo and the Kingdom of the Asturias | Asturias, Spain 43°21′45″N 5°50′35″W / 43.36250°N 5.84306°W | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv) | — | 1985[nb 18] | The Kingdom of Asturias remained the only Christian region of Spain in the 9th century. It developed its own style of Pre-Romanesque art and architecture that is displayed in various churches and other monuments. The original entry titled "Churches of the Kingdom of the Asturias" and was extended to include other monuments such as La Foncalada. | |
| Mount Athos | Autonomous region of Mount Athos, Greece 40°16′0″N 24°13′0″E / 40.26667°N 24.21667°E | Mixed: (i)(ii)(iv)(v)(vi)(vii) | 33,042 (81,650) | 1988 | An Orthodox spiritual centre since 1054, Mount Athos has enjoyed an autonomous statute since Byzantine times. The 'Holy Mountain', which is forbidden to women and children, is also a recognized artistic site. The layout of the monasteries (about 20 of which are presently inhabited by some 1,400 monks) had an influence as far afield as Russia, and its school of painting influenced the history of Orthodox art.[122] | |
| Mount Etna | Sicily, Italy 37°45′22″N 14°59′48″E / 37.75611°N 14.99667°E | Natural: (viii) | 19,237 (47,540) | 2013 | ||
| Mudejar Architecture of Aragon | Teruel and Zaragoza Provinces, Aragon, Spain 40°20′38″N 1°6′26″W / 40.34389°N 1.10722°W | Cultural: (ii)(iv)(vi) | — | 1986[nb 19] | The original listing contained four churches in Teruel in the Mudéjar style, a blending of traditional Islamic and contemporary European styles. In 2001, the listing was expanded to include an additional six monuments. | |
| Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid region | Ohrid Municipality, North Macedonia 41°7′5″N 20°48′48″E / 41.11806°N 20.81333°E | Mixed: (i)(iii)(iv)(vii) | 83,350 (206,000) | 1979[nb 20] | ||
| Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor | Bay of Kotor, Kotor and surrounding territory, Montenegro 42°29′0″N 18°42′0″E / 42.48333°N 18.70000°E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv) | — | 1979 | The site had been listed as endangered 1979–2003 following the damage due to the 1979 Montenegro earthquake. | |
| Old Bridge Area of the Old City of Mostar | Herzegovina-Neretva Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina 43°20′53″N 17°48′39″E / 43.34806°N 17.81083°E | Cultural: (vi) | — | 2005 | ||
| Old City of Dubrovnik | Dubrovnik-Neretva County, Croatia 42°39′2″N 18°5′29″E / 42.65056°N 18.09139°E | Cultural: (i)(iii)(iv) | 97 (240); buffer zone 54 (130) | 1979[nb 21] | Dubrovnik became a prosperous Maritime republic during the Middle Ages, it became the only eastern Adriatic city-state to rival Venice. Supported by its wealth and skilled diplomacy, the city achieved a remarkable level of development, particularly during the 15th and 16th centuries. The site had been listed as World Heritage in Danger 1991–1998 due to the Croatian War of Independence. | |
| Old City of Salamanca | Province of Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain 40°57′55″N 5°39′52″W / 40.96528°N 5.66444°W | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv) | — | 1988 | Salamanca is important as a university city, as the University of Salamanca, founded in 1218, is the oldest in Spain and among the oldest in Europe. The city was first conquered by the Carthaginians in the 3rd century, and later ruled by the Romans and Moors. The city centre represents Romanesque, Gothic, Moorish, Renaissance, and Baroque architecture. | |
| Old Town of Ávila with its Extra-Muros Churches | Province of Ávila, Castile and León, Spain 40°39′23″N 4°42′0″W / 40.65639°N 4.70000°W | Cultural: (iii)(iv) | — | 1985[nb 22] | The defensive wall surrounding the original town was constructed in the 11th century. It features 82 semicircular towers and 9 gates, and is one of the most complete examples of town walls in Spain. | |
| Old Town of Cáceres | Province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain 39°28′28″N 6°22′12″W / 39.47444°N 6.37000°W | Cultural: (iii)(iv) | — | 1986 | The old town combines Roman, Islamic, Northern Gothic, and Italian Renaissance architectural influences, including more than 30 Islamic towers. | |
| Old Town of Corfu | Corfu, Ionian Islands, Greece 39°37′26″N 19°55′39″E / 39.62389°N 19.92750°E | Cultural: (iv) | 70 (170); buffer zone 162 (400) | 2007 | The Old Town of Corfu, on the Island of Corfu off the western coasts of Albania and Greece, is located in a strategic position at the entrance of the Adriatic Sea, and has its roots in the 8th century BC. The three forts of the town, designed by renowned Venetian engineers, were used for four centuries to defend the maritime trading interests of the Republic of Venice against the Ottoman Empire. In the course of time, the forts were repaired and partly rebuilt several times, more recently under British rule in the 19th century. The mainly neoclassical housing stock of the Old Town is partly from the Venetian period, partly of later construction, notably the 19th century. As a fortified Mediterranean port, Corfu's urban and port ensemble is notable for its high level of integrity and authenticity.[138] | |
| Old Town of Segovia and its Aqueduct | Province of Segovia, Castile and León, Spain 40°56′54.5″N 4°7′9″W / 40.948472°N 4.11917°W | Cultural: (i)(iii)(iv) | — | 1985 | The Roman aqueduct was constructed in the 1st century, the medieval Alcázar palace in the 11th century, and the cathedral in the 16th. | |
| Palau de la Música Catalana and Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona | Province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain 41°23′16″N 2°10′30″E / 41.38778°N 2.17500°E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv) | — | 1997[nb 23] | Both buildings were constructed in the early 20th century and designed by Lluís Domènech i Montaner in the modernist Art Nouveau movement that was very popular in Barcelona in that period. The two buildings are Montaner's most famous works. | |
| Paleochristian and Byzantine Monuments of Thessalonika | Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece 40°38′18″N 22°57′54″E / 40.63833°N 22.96500°E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv) | 5.33 (13.2) | 1988 | Founded in 315 B.C., the provincial capital and sea port of Thessalonika was one of the first bases for the spread of Christianity. Among its Christian monuments are fine churches, some built on the Greek cross plan and others on the three-nave basilica plan. Constructed over a long period, from the 4th to the 15th century, they constitute a diachronic typological series, which had considerable influence in the Byzantine Empire.[142] | |
| Palmeral of Elche | Province of Alicante, Valencian Community, Spain 38°16′10″N 0°41′54″W / 38.26944°N 0.69833°W | Cultural: (ii)(v) | — | 2000 | The grove of date palm trees was formally laid out with irrigation systems under the Moors in the 10th century. The palmeral is a rare example of Arab agricultural practices in Europe. | |
| Piazza del Duomo, Pisa | City and Province of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy 43°43′23″N 10°23′47″E / 43.72306°N 10.39639°E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv)(vi) | 8.87 (21.9); buffer zone 254 (630) | 1987[nb 24] | ||
| Plitvice Lakes National Park | Lika-Senj County, Croatia 44°52′40″N 15°36′52″E / 44.87778°N 15.61444°E | Natural: (vii)(viii)(ix) | 19,200 (47,000) | 1979[nb 25] | Over time, water has flown over the natural limestone and chalk, creating natural dams which in turn have created a series of connecting lakes, waterfalls, and caves. The nearby forests are home to bears, wolves and many rare bird species. The site had been listed as endangered 1992–1997 due to the potential threat from the Croatian War of Independence. | |
| Poblet Monastery | Vimbodí i Poblet, Province of Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain 41°22′51″N 1°4′57″E / 41.38083°N 1.08250°E | Cultural: (i)(iv) | — | 1991 | The monastery was founded by the Cistercians in 1151 and is one of the largest in Spain. It is associated with various royal families in medieval Spain, particularly the kings of the Crown of Aragon, a composite monarchy of the dynastic union of the Kingdom of Aragon and the County of Barcelona. It is the burial place of the Crown of Aragon monarchs Alfonso II, John I, John II, James I, Ferdinana I, and Peter IV. | |
| Portovenere, Cinque Terre, and the Islands (Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto) | Province of La Spezia, Liguria, Italy 44°6′25″N 9°43′45″E / 44.10694°N 9.72917°E | Cultural: (ii)(iv)(v) | 4,689 (11,590) | 1997 | ||
| Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps | Austria*; France*; Germany*; Italy*; Slovenia*; Switzerland* 47°16′42″N 8°12′27″E / 47.27833°N 8.20750°E | Cultural: (iv)(v) | 274 (680); buffer zone 3,961 (9,790) | 2011 | ||
| Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Côa Valley and Siega Verde | Portugal*; Spain* 40°41′51″N 6°39′40″W / 40.69750°N 6.66111°W | Cultural: (i)(iii) | — | 1998[nb 26] | The original 1998 listing contained examples of Upper Palaeolithic rock art in the Côa Valley of Portugal. In 2010 it was extended to include 645 engravings in the archaeological zone of Siega Verde in Spain. The two sites represent the most well-preserved collection of open-air Palaolithic art in the Iberian peninsula. | |
| Pyrénées – Mont Perdu | Gèdre, Hautes-Pyrénées, Midi-Pyrénées, France*; Communes of Torla, Fanlo, Tella-Sin, Puértolas and Bielsa in Province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain* 42°41′N 0°0′E / 42.683°N 0.000°E | Mixed: (iii)(iv)(v)(vii)(viii) | 30,639 (75,710) | 1997[nb 27] | The site contains the Pyrenees mountain chain along the French-Spanish border. The Spanish portion contains two of the largest canyons in Europe, while the French side contains three large cirque walls | |
| Pythagoreion and Heraion of Samos | Samos, North Aegean, Greece 37°41′27″N 26°56′36″E / 37.69083°N 26.94333°E | Cultural: (ii)(iii) | 668 (1,650); buffer zone 402 (990) | 1992 | Many civilizations have inhabited this small Aegean island, near Asia Minor, since the 3rd millennium B.C. The remains of Pythagoreion, an ancient fortified port with Greek and Roman monuments and a spectacular tunnel-aqueduct, as well as the Heraion, temple of the Samian Hera, can still be seen.[155] | |
| Renaissance Monumental Ensembles of Úbeda and Baeza | Province of Jaen, Andalusia, Spain 38°0′41″N 3°22′16″W / 38.01139°N 3.37111°W | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | 9.00 (22.2); buffer zone 176 (430) | 2003 | Renovations of the two towns in the 16th century were done under the emerging Renaissance style and are among the first examples of the style in Spain. | |
| Residences of the Royal House of Savoy | Province of Turin, Piedmont, Italy 45°4′21″N 7°41′9″E / 45.07250°N 7.68583°E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv)(v) | 371 (920); buffer zone 6,931 (17,130) | 1997[nb 28] | ||
| Rhaetian Railway in the Albula / Bernina Landscapes | Italy*; Switzerland* 46°29′54″N 9°50′47″E / 46.49833°N 9.84639°E | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | 152 (380); buffer zone 109,386 (270,300) | 2008 | ||
| Rock Art of the Mediterranean Basin on the Iberian Peninsula | Andalusia, Aragon, Castile–La Mancha, Catalonia, Murcia and Valencia, Spain 39°47′24″N 1°2′0″W / 39.79000°N 1.03333°W | Cultural: (iii) | — | 1998 | The site includes over 750 examples of rock art from the late prehistoric period, which feature images ranging from geometric shapes to scenes of men hunting animals. | |
| Rock Drawings in Valcamonica | Province of Brescia, Lombardy, Italy 45°57′25″N 10°17′50″E / 45.95694°N 10.29722°E | Cultural: (iii)(vi) | 432 (1,070); buffer zone 1,018 (2,520) | 1979 | ||
| Roman Walls of Lugo | Province of Lugo, Galicia, Spain 43°0′40″N 7°33′12″W / 43.01111°N 7.55333°W | Cultural: (iv) | — | 2000 | The walls built to protect the Roman town of Lucus in the 3rd century remain entirely intact and are the best remaining example in Western Europe. | |
| Routes of Santiago de Compostela: Camino Francés and Routes of Northern Spain | Aragon, Navarre, La Rioja, Castile and León and Galicia, Spain 42°27′33″N 5°53′0″W / 42.45917°N 5.88333°W | Cultural: (ii)(iv)(vi) | — | 1993 | The Route, or the Way of St. James, is a pilgrimage from the French-Spanish border to the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, where the apostle James is believed to be buried. | |
| Royal Monastery of Santa María de Guadalupe | Guadalupe, Province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain 39°27′10″N 5°19′39″W / 39.45278°N 5.32750°W | Cultural: (iv)(vi) | — | 1993 | The monastery is home of Our Lady of Guadalupe, a shrine to Mary found in the 13th century after being buried from Muslim invaders in 714. The Virgin of Guadalupe and the monastery served as important symbols during the Reconquista, culminating in 1492, the same year as Columbus' discovery of America. The Guadalupe Virgin became an important symbol during the evangelization of America. | |
| Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy | Lombardy, Piedmont, Italy 45°58′28″N 9°10′10″E / 45.97444°N 9.16944°E | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | 91 (220); buffer zone 722 (1,780) | 2003 | ||
| Sanctuary of Asklepios at Epidaurus | Argolis, Peloponnese, Greece 37°40′0″N 23°7′0″E / 37.66667°N 23.11667°E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi) | 1,394 (3,440); buffer zone 3,386 (8,370) | 1988 | In a small valley in the Peloponnesus, the shrine of Asklepios, the god of medicine, developed out of a much earlier cult of Apollo, during the 6th century BC at the latest, as the official cult of the city state of Epidaurus. Its principal monuments, particularly the temple of Asklepios, the Tholos and the Theatre – considered one of the purest masterpieces of Greek architecture – date from the 4th century. The vast site, with its temples and hospital buildings devoted to its healing gods, provides valuable insight into the healing cults of Greek and Roman times.[167] | |
| Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Monte in Braga | Braga, Portugal 41°33′16″N 8°22′40″W / 41.55444°N 8.37778°W | Cultural: (iv) | 26 (64) | 2019 | [169] | |
| San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano | San Marino 43°55′58″N 12°27′7″E / 43.93278°N 12.45194°E | Cultural: (iii) | 55 (140); buffer zone 167 (410) | 2008 | ||
| San Millán Yuso and Suso Monasteries | San Millán de la Cogolla, La Rioja, Spain 42°19′33″N 2°51′54″W / 42.32583°N 2.86500°W | Cultural: (ii)(iv)(vi) | 19 (47); buffer zone 266 (660) | 1997 | The original Suso monastery was founded in the mid-6th century, and is the location where the Glosas Emilianenses were written. The codixes are considered the first written examples of the Spanish and Basque languages, and the monastery is considered the birthplace of written and spoken Spanish. The newer Yuso monastery was built in the 16th century. | |
| Royal Building of Mafra – Palace, Basilica, Convent, Cerco Garden and Hunting Park (Tapada) | Mafra, Portugal 38°56′12″N 9°19′35″W / 38.93667°N 9.32639°W | Cultural: (iv) | 1,213.17 (2,997.8) | 2019 | [172] | |
| Santiago de Compostela (Old Town) | Province of A Coruña, Galicia, Spain 42°52′51″N 8°32′41″W / 42.88083°N 8.54472°W | Cultural: (i)(ii)(vi) | — | 1985 | The Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela is the reputed burial-place of the apostle James, and is the terminus of the Way of St. James, a pilgrimage across northern Spain. The town was destroyed by Muslims in the 10th century and rebuilt during the following century. | |
| Škocjan Caves | Škocjan, Slovenia 45°40′0″N 14°0′0″E / 45.66667°N 14.00000°E | Natural: (vii)(viii) | 413 (1,020) | 1986 | ||
| Stari Grad Plain | Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia 43°10′54″N 16°38′19″E / 43.18167°N 16.63861°E | Cultural: (ii)(iii)(v) | 1,377 (3,400); buffer zone 6,403 (15,820) | 2008 | The Stari Grad Plain is an agricultural landscape that was set up by the ancient Greek colonists in the 4th century BC, and remains in use today. The plain is generally still in its original form. The ancient layout has been preserved by careful maintenance of the stone walls over 24 centuries. | |
| Stari Ras and Sopoćani | near Novi Pazar, Raška District, Serbia 43°7′8″N 20°25′22″E / 43.11889°N 20.42278°E | Cultural: (i)(iii) | 199 (490); buffer zone 9,936 (24,550) | 1979 | On the outskirts of Stari Ras, the first capital of Serbia, there is a group of medieval monuments consisting of fortresses, churches and monasteries. The monastery at Sopoćani is a reminder of the contacts between Western civilization and the Byzantine world. | |
| Stećci Medieval Tombstones Graveyards | Bosnia and Herzegovina*; Croatia*; Montenegro*; Serbia*; 43°5′31.97″N 17°55′26.59″E / 43.0922139°N 17.9240528°E | Cultural: (iii)(vi) | 49 (120); buffer zone 321 (790) | 2016 | list, world, heritage, sites, southern, europe, this, article, missing, information, about, world, heritage, sites, inscribed, 2021, please, expand, article, include, this, information, further, details, exist, talk, page, march, 2022, unesco, united, nations,. This article is missing information about World Heritage Sites inscribed in 2021 Please expand the article to include this information Further details may exist on the talk page March 2022 The UNESCO United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization has designated 175 World Heritage Sites in all of the 15 sovereign countries also called state parties of Southern Europe Albania Andorra Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Greece Italy Malta Montenegro North Macedonia Portugal San Marino Serbia Slovenia Spain and Vatican City as well as one site in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar 1 While Turkey has territory in Southern Europe they are not included here but in Western Asia and Cyprus is also included in Western Asia The top two countries by number of World Heritage Sites are located in this region Italy with 58 sites and Spain with 49 sites 44 sites not including those on the Canary Islands which are included in Africa Seven sites are shared between several countries Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Coa Valley and Siega Verde Portugal and Spain Rhaetian Railway in the Albula Bernina Landscapes Italy and Switzerland Monte San Giorgio Italy and Switzerland Historic Centre of Rome the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura Holy See and Italy Pyrenees Mont Perdu France and Spain Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps Austria France Germany Italy Slovenia and Switzerland and Heritage of Mercury Almaden and Idrija Slovenia and Spain 2 The first sites from the region were inscribed in 1979 a year after the list s conception and included six sites in the former Yugoslavia and one site in Italy 3 4 Each year UNESCO s World Heritage Committee may inscribe new sites on the list or delist sites that no longer meet the criteria Selection is based on ten criteria six for cultural heritage i vi and four for natural heritage vii x 5 Some sites designated mixed sites represent both cultural and natural heritage In Southern Europe there are 154 cultural 16 natural and 5 mixed sites 2 The World Heritage Committee may also specify that a site is endangered citing conditions which threaten the very characteristics for which a property was inscribed on the World Heritage List One of the sites Medieval Monuments in Kosovo in Southern Europe is listed as endangered and four sites Old City of Dubrovnik Natural and Culturo Historical Region of Kotor Plitvice Lakes National Park and Butrint were previously listed Possible danger listing has been considered by UNESCO in a number of other cases 6 7 Contents 1 Legend 2 World Heritage Sites 3 See also 4 Notes 5 ReferencesLegend editThe table is sortable by column by clicking on the nbsp at the top of the appropriate column alphanumerically for the Site Area and Year columns by state party for the Location column and by criteria type for the Criteria column Transborder sites sort at the bottom Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap Download coordinates as KML GPX all coordinates GPX primary coordinates GPX secondary coordinates Site named after the World Heritage Committee s official designation 2 Location at city regional or provincial level and geocoordinates Criteria as defined by the World Heritage Committee 5 Area in hectares and acres If available the size of the buffer zone has been noted as well A value of zero implies that no data has been published by UNESCO Year during which the site was inscribed to the World Heritage List Description brief information about the site including reasons for qualifying as an endangered site if applicableWorld Heritage Sites edit Trans border site In danger Site Image Location Criteria Areaha acre Year Description 18th Century Royal Palace at Caserta with the Park the Aqueduct of Vanvitelli and the San Leucio Complex nbsp Provinces of Caserta and Benevento Campania nbsp Italy41 4 24 N 14 19 35 E 41 07333 N 14 32639 E 41 07333 14 32639 18th Century Royal Palace at Caserta with the Park the Aqueduct of Vanvitelli and the San Leucio Complex Cultural i ii iii iv 87 210 buffer zone 111 270 1997 8 Acropolis Athens nbsp Attica nbsp Greece37 58 15 N 23 43 34 E 37 97083 N 23 72611 E 37 97083 23 72611 Acropolis Athens Cultural i ii iii iv vi 3 04 7 5 buffer zone 117 290 1987 A collection of massive yet perfectly balanced architectural masterpieces in harmony with the natural landscape the Acropolis of Athens is one of the most important expressions of Classical Greek aesthetics It was completed by the 5th century BC and has since then exerted a profound influence on architecture worldwide 9 10 Alhambra Generalife and Albayzin Granada nbsp Province of Granada Andalusia nbsp Spain37 10 36 N 3 35 40 W 37 17667 N 3 59444 W 37 17667 3 59444 Alhambra Generalife and Albayzin Granada Cultural i iii iv 1984 nb 1 The three sites are remnants of the Moorish influence in southern Spain The fortress Alhambra and the palace Generalife were built by the rulers of the Emirate of Granada The Albayzin district contains examples of the Moorish vernacular architecture and was added to the listing in 1994 11 Alto Douro Wine Region nbsp Douro Subregion Tras os Montes e Alto Douro Province nbsp Portugal41 6 6 N 7 47 56 W 41 10167 N 7 79889 W 41 10167 7 79889 Alto Douro Wine Region Cultural iii iv v 24 600 61 000 buffer zone 225 400 557 000 2001 12 Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe nbsp nbsp Albania nbsp Austria nbsp Belgium nbsp Bulgaria nbsp Croatia Mecklenburg Vorpommern Brandenburg Thuringia Hesse nbsp Germany nbsp Italy nbsp Romania Presov Region nbsp Slovakia nbsp Slovenia nbsp Spain Zakarpattia Oblast nbsp Ukraine 49 5 10 N 22 32 10 E 49 08611 N 22 53611 E 49 08611 22 53611 Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe Natural ix 92 023 227 390 buffer zone 253 815 627 190 2007 nb 2 Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians are used to study the spread of the beech tree Fagus sylvatica in the Northern Hemisphere across a variety of environments and the environment in the forest The addition of the Ancient Beech Forests of Germany in 2011 included five forests totaling 4 391 hectares 10 850 acres that are added to the 29 278 hectares 72 350 acres of Slovakian and Ukrainian beech forests inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2007 The site was further expanded in 2017 to include forests in 9 additional European countries 13 14 Arab Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalu and Monreale nbsp Province of Palermo Sicily nbsp Italy38 6 39 N 13 21 11 E 38 11083 N 13 35306 E 38 11083 13 35306 Arab Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalu and Monreale Cultural ii iv 6 24 15 4 buffer zone 483 1 190 2015 The new Norman rulers started to build various constructions in what is called the Arab Norman style They incorporated the best practices of Arab and Byzantine architecture into their own art 15 16 Aranjuez Cultural Landscape nbsp Aranjuez Community of Madrid nbsp Spain40 2 11 N 3 36 34 W 40 03639 N 3 60944 W 40 03639 3 60944 Aranjuez Cultural Landscape Cultural ii iv 2 048 5 060 buffer zone 16 605 41 030 2001 The landscape around the Royal Palace of Aranjuez was developed by the Spanish royal family over a course of three centuries and contains innovative horticultural and design ideas The area was the exclusive property of the royal family until the 19th century when the modern civilian city developed 17 Archaeological Area and the Patriarchal Basilica of Aquileia nbsp Province of Udine Friuli Venezia Giulia nbsp Italy45 46 6 N 13 22 3 E 45 76833 N 13 36750 E 45 76833 13 36750 Archaeological Area and the Patriarchal Basilica of Aquileia Cultural iii iv vi 155 380 1998 18 Archaeological Area of Agrigento nbsp Province of Agrigento Sicily nbsp Italy37 17 23 N 13 35 36 E 37 28972 N 13 59333 E 37 28972 13 59333 Archaeological Area of Agrigento Cultural i ii iii iv 934 2 310 buffer zone 1 869 4 620 1997 19 Archaeological Areas of Pompei Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata nbsp Province of Naples Campania nbsp Italy40 45 0 N 14 29 0 E 40 75000 N 14 48333 E 40 75000 14 48333 Archaeological Areas of Pompei Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata Cultural iii iv v 98 240 buffer zone 24 59 1997 20 Archaeological Ensemble of Tarraco nbsp Province of Tarragona Catalonia nbsp Spain41 6 53 N 1 15 34 E 41 11472 N 1 25944 E 41 11472 1 25944 Archaeological Ensemble of Tarraco Cultural ii iii 100 250 2000 The prominent Roman city of Tarraco at the site of modern day Tarragona served as the capital of the provinces of Hispania Citerior and later Hispania Tarraconensis The amphitheatre was constructed in the 2nd century Most remains are only fragments or preserved under more modern buildings 21 Archaeological Ensemble of Merida nbsp Province of Badajoz Extremadura nbsp Spain38 54 58 N 6 20 16 W 38 91611 N 6 33778 W 38 91611 6 33778 Archaeological Ensemble of Merida Cultural iii iv 1993 Merida was founded in 25 BC by the Romans as Emerita Augusta and was the capital of the Lusitania province Remains from the Roman era include a bridge aqueduct amphitheatre theatre circus and forum 22 Archaeological Site of Aigai modern name Vergina nbsp Imathia Central Macedonia nbsp Greece40 28 17 N 22 19 6 E 40 47139 N 22 31833 E 40 47139 22 31833 Archaeological Site of Aigai modern name Vergina Cultural i iii 1 421 3 510 buffer zone 4 812 11 890 1996 The ancient city of Aigai was the first capital of the Kingdom of Macedon In addition to the monumental palace lavishly decorated with mosaics and painted stuccoes the site contains a burial ground with more than 300 tumuli one of which has been identified as that of Philip II of Macedon father of Alexander the Great 23 24 Archaeological Site of Atapuerca nbsp Province of Burgos Castile and Leon nbsp Spain42 22 17 N 3 32 50 W 42 37139 N 3 54722 W 42 37139 3 54722 Archaeological Site of Atapuerca Cultural iii v 2000 The caves in the Atapuerca Mountains contain fossil remains of the earliest human beings discovered in Europe dating from nearly one million years ago The Sima de los Huesos or Pit of Bones contains the world s largest collection of hominid fossils 25 Archaeological Site of Delphi nbsp Phocis Central Greece nbsp Greece38 28 53 N 22 29 46 E 38 48139 N 22 49611 E 38 48139 22 49611 Archaeological Site of Delphi Cultural i ii iii iv vi 51 130 buffer zone 14 314 35 370 1987 The pan Hellenic sanctuary of Delphi location of the oracle of Apollo was the spiritual center of the Greek world Situated in a spectacular natural setting at the foot of Mount Parnassus it was a symbol of Greek cultural unity from the 8th century BC onwards 26 27 Archaeological Site of Mystras nbsp Laconia Peloponnese nbsp Greece37 4 50 N 22 22 0 E 37 08056 N 22 36667 E 37 08056 22 36667 Archaeological Site of Mystras Cultural ii iii iv 54 130 buffer zone 1 203 2 970 1989 Long known as the Wonder of the Morea the remarkably well preserved medieval city of Mystras played a central role in the final years of the Byzantine Empire Built on a steep hill at the foot of Mount Taygetus it was the last Byzantine stronghold to fall to the Ottomans holding out until 1461 28 29 Archaeological Site of Olympia nbsp Elis Western Peloponnese nbsp Greece37 39 0 N 21 40 0 E 37 65000 N 21 66667 E 37 65000 21 66667 Archaeological Site of Olympia Cultural i ii iii iv vi 106 260 buffer zone 1 458 3 600 1989 The site of Olympia built on the banks of the Alpheios river in the Peloponnese was the location of the ancient Olympic Games beginning in 776 BC In addition to numerous temples and sanctuaries it contains the remains of several sporting structures such as its famous stadium 30 31 Archaeological Sites of Mycenae and Tiryns nbsp Argolis Peloponnese nbsp Greece37 44 0 N 22 45 0 E 37 73333 N 22 75000 E 37 73333 22 75000 Archaeological Sites of Mycenae and Tiryns Cultural i ii iii iv vi 1999 Mycenae and Tiryns were two of the most important cities of Mycenean Greece which flourished between the 15th and 12th centuries BC The Lion s Gate and Treasury of Atreus at Mycenae have been listed as outstanding examples of human creative genius 32 33 Assisi the Basilica of San Francesco and Other Franciscan Sites nbsp nbsp Italy43 3 58 N 12 37 21 E 43 06611 N 12 62250 E 43 06611 12 62250 Assisi the Basilica of San Francesco and Other Franciscan Sites Cultural i ii iii iv vi 14 563 35 990 buffer zone 4 087 10 100 2000 34 Botanical Garden Orto Botanico Padua nbsp City and Province of Padua Veneto nbsp Italy45 23 57 N 11 52 50 E 45 39917 N 11 88056 E 45 39917 11 88056 Botanical Garden Orto Botanico Padua Cultural ii iii 2 20 5 4 buffer zone 11 27 1997 35 Burgos Cathedral nbsp Burgos Province of Burgos Castile and Leon nbsp Spain42 20 25 N 3 42 14 5 W 42 34028 N 3 704028 W 42 34028 3 704028 Burgos Cathedral Cultural ii iv vi 1984 The Gothic style cathedral was constructed between the 13th and 16th centuries It is the burial place of Spanish national hero El Cid 36 Butrint nbsp Sarande District nbsp Albania39 45 4 N 20 1 34 E 39 75111 N 20 02611 E 39 75111 20 02611 Butrint Cultural iii 3 980 9 800 buffer zone 4 611 11 390 1992 nb 3 The site had been listed as endangered 1997 2005 following damages due to management and conservation 37 38 39 Castel del Monte nbsp Andria and Corato Province of Bari Apulia nbsp Italy41 5 5 N 16 16 15 E 41 08472 N 16 27083 E 41 08472 16 27083 Castel del Monte Cultural i ii iii 3 10 7 7 buffer zone 10 847 26 800 1996 40 Catalan Romanesque Churches of the Vall de Boi nbsp Province of Lleida Catalonia nbsp Spain42 30 17 N 0 48 13 E 42 50472 N 0 80361 E 42 50472 0 80361 Catalan Romanesque Churches of the Vall de Boi Cultural ii iv 2000 The small valley at the edge of the Pyrenees contains churches in Romanesque style decorated with Romanesque murals statues and altars The churches are unique for their tall square bell towers 41 Cathedral Alcazar and Archivo de Indias in Seville nbsp Province of Seville Andalusia nbsp Spain37 23 2 N 5 59 30 W 37 38389 N 5 99167 W 37 38389 5 99167 Cathedral Alcazar and Archivo de Indias in Seville Cultural i ii iii vi 12 30 buffer zone 187 460 1987 nb 4 The Alcazar was built during the Almohad dynasty that ruled southern Spain until the Reconquista The cathedral dates to the 15th century and holds the tombs of Ferdinand III and Christopher Columbus The Archivo Archive houses documents relating to the colonization of the Americas 42 Cathedral Torre Civica and Piazza Grande Modena nbsp City and Province of Modena Emilia Romagna nbsp Italy44 38 46 N 10 55 32 E 44 64611 N 10 92556 E 44 64611 10 92556 Cathedral Torre Civica and Piazza Grande Modena Cultural i ii iii iv 1 20 3 0 buffer zone 1 10 2 7 1997 43 Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain nbsp Santillana del Mar Cantabria nbsp Spain43 22 57 N 4 6 58 W 43 38250 N 4 11611 W 43 38250 4 11611 Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain Cultural i iii 2 235 5 520 1985 nb 5 The Cave of Altamira contains examples of cave painting from the Upper Paleolithic period ranging from 35 000 to 11 000 BC The original listing contained seventeen decorated caves The caves are well preserved because of their deep isolation from the external climate 44 Central Zone of the Town of Angra do Heroismo in the Azores nbsp Terceira Island Azores nbsp Portugal38 39 18 N 27 13 12 W 38 65500 N 27 22000 W 38 65500 27 22000 Central Zone of the Town of Angra do Heroismo in the Azores Cultural iv vi 1983 45 Church and Dominican Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie with The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci nbsp Province of Milano Lombardy nbsp Italy45 27 57 N 9 10 14 E 45 46583 N 9 17056 E 45 46583 9 17056 Church and Dominican Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie with The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci Cultural i ii 1 50 3 7 1980 46 Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park with the Archeological sites of Paestum and Velia and the Certosa di Padula nbsp Province of Salerno Campania nbsp Italy40 17 0 N 15 16 0 E 40 28333 N 15 26667 E 40 28333 15 26667 Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park with the Archeological sites of Paestum and Velia and the Certosa di Padula Cultural iii iv 159 110 393 200 buffer zone 178 101 440 100 1998 47 City of Valletta nbsp Malta Island nbsp Malta35 54 2 N 14 30 52 E 35 90056 N 14 51444 E 35 90056 14 51444 City of Valletta Cultural i vi 56 140 1980 48 City of Verona nbsp City and Province of Verona Veneto nbsp Italy45 26 19 N 10 59 38 E 45 43861 N 10 99389 E 45 43861 10 99389 City of Verona Cultural ii iv 453 1 120 buffer zone 431 1 070 2000 49 City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto nbsp Provinces of Padua Rovigo Treviso Venice Verona and Vicenza Veneto nbsp Italy45 32 57 N 11 32 58 E 45 54917 N 11 54944 E 45 54917 11 54944 City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto Cultural i ii 334 830 1994 nb 6 50 51 Convent of Christ in Tomar nbsp Tomar Santarem District nbsp Portugal39 36 17 N 8 25 3 W 39 60472 N 8 41750 W 39 60472 8 41750 Convent of Christ in Tomar Cultural i vi 1983 52 Costiera Amalfitana nbsp Province of Salerno Campania nbsp Italy40 39 0 N 14 36 0 E 40 65000 N 14 60000 E 40 65000 14 60000 Costiera Amalfitana Cultural ii iv v 11 231 27 750 1997 53 Crespi d Adda nbsp Province of Bergamo Lombardy nbsp Italy45 35 36 N 9 32 18 E 45 59333 N 9 53833 E 45 59333 9 53833 Crespi d Adda Cultural iv v 1995 54 Cultural Landscape of Sintra nbsp Sintra nbsp Portugal38 47 0 N 9 25 0 W 38 78333 N 9 41667 W 38 78333 9 41667 Cultural Landscape of Sintra Cultural ii iv v 946 2 340 buffer zone 3 641 9 000 1995 55 Cultural Landscape of the Serra de Tramuntana nbsp Mallorca nbsp Spain39 43 51 N 2 41 41 E 39 73083 N 2 69472 E 39 73083 2 69472 Cultural Landscape of the Serra de Tramuntana Cultural ii iv v 30 745 75 970 buffer zone 78 617 194 270 2011 56 Delos nbsp Cyclades South Aegean nbsp Greece37 24 0 N 25 16 0 E 37 40000 N 25 26667 E 37 40000 25 26667 Delos Cultural ii iii iv vi 351 870 1990 The birthplace of Apollo and Artemis according to Greek mythology the sacred island of Delos was one of the most important pan Hellenic sanctuaries The sanctuary of Apollo on Delos attracted pilgrims from all over Greece making Delos a prosperous trading port 57 58 Donana National Park nbsp Huelva and Seville Provinces Andalusia nbsp Spain36 56 52 N 6 21 32 W 36 94778 N 6 35889 W 36 94778 6 35889 Donana National Park Natural vii ix x 54 252 134 060 1994 nb 7 The park consists of the delta region where the Guadalquivir River reaches the Atlantic Ocean It is home to a diverse variety of biotopes such as lagoons marshlands dunes and maquis The park is one of the largest heronries in the Mediterranean region and holds more than 500 000 water fowl during the winter period 59 60 Durmitor National Park nbsp nbsp Montenegro43 7 59 N 19 1 0 E 43 13306 N 19 01667 E 43 13306 19 01667 Durmitor National Park Natural vii viii x 32 100 79 000 1980 nb 8 61 62 Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna nbsp City and Province of Ravenna Emilia Romagna nbsp Italy44 25 14 N 12 11 47 E 44 42056 N 12 19639 E 44 42056 12 19639 Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna Cultural i ii iii iv 1 32 3 3 1996 63 Episcopal Complex of the Euphrasian Basilica in the Historic Centre of Porec nbsp Porec Istria County nbsp Croatia45 13 45 N 13 35 40 E 45 22917 N 13 59444 E 45 22917 13 59444 Episcopal Complex of the Euphrasian Basilica in the Historic Centre of Porec Cultural ii iii iv 1 10 2 7 1997 The episcopal complex with its striking mosaics dating back to the 6th century is one of the best examples of early Byzantine art and architecture in the Mediterranean region and the world It includes the basilica itself a sacristy a baptistery and the bell tower of the nearby archbishop s palace 64 Etruscan Necropolises of Cerveteri and Tarquinia nbsp Provinces of Rome and Viterbo Lazio nbsp Italy42 0 25 N 12 6 7 E 42 00694 N 12 10194 E 42 00694 12 10194 Etruscan Necropolises of Cerveteri and Tarquinia Cultural i iii iv 21 52 buffer zone 5 786 14 300 2004 65 Ferrara City of the Renaissance and its Po Delta nbsp City and Province of Ferrara Emilia Romagna nbsp Italy44 50 16 N 11 37 10 E 44 83778 N 11 61944 E 44 83778 11 61944 Ferrara City of the Renaissance and its Po Delta Cultural ii iii iv v vi 46 712 115 430 buffer zone 117 649 290 720 1995 nb 9 66 67 Garrison Border Town of Elvas and its Fortifications nbsp Alentejo nbsp Portugal38 52 50 N 7 9 48 W 38 88056 N 7 16333 W 38 88056 7 16333 Garrison Border Town of Elvas and its Fortifications Cultural iv 179 440 buffer zone 608 1 500 2012 The site extensively fortified from the 17th to 19th centuries represents the largest bulwarked dry ditch system in the work Within its walls the town contains barracks and other military buildings as well as churches and monasteries While Elvas contains remains dating back to the 10th century A D its fortification began when Portugal regained independence in 1640 The fortifications designed by Dutch Jesuit Padre Joao Piscasio Cosmander represent the best surviving example of the Dutch school of fortifications anywhere The site also contains the Amoreira Aqueduct built to enable the stronghold to withstand lengthy sieges 68 Gamzigrad Romuliana Palace of Galerius nbsp Zajecar nbsp Serbia43 53 57 5 N 22 11 10 E 43 899306 N 22 18611 E 43 899306 22 18611 Gamzigrad Romuliana Palace of Galerius Cultural iii iv 179 440 buffer zone 545 1 350 2007 The Late Roman fortified palace compound and memorial complex of Gamzigrad Romuliana Palace of Galerius in the east of Serbia was commissioned by Emperor Caius Valerius Galerius Maximianus in the late 3rd and early 4th centuries It was known as Felix Romuliana named after the emperor s mother The site consists of fortifications the palace in the north western part of the complex basilicas temples hot baths memorial complex and a tetrapylon The group of buildings is also unique in its intertwining of ceremonial and memorial functions 69 Genoa Le Strade Nuove and the system of the Palazzi dei Rolli nbsp Province of Genoa Liguria nbsp Italy44 24 44 N 8 55 52 E 44 41222 N 8 93111 E 44 41222 8 93111 Genoa Le Strade Nuove and the system of the Palazzi dei Rolli Cultural ii iv 16 40 buffer zone 113 280 2006 70 Gorham s Cave Complex nbsp nbsp Gibraltar nbsp UK36 07 13 N 5 20 31 W 36 120397 N 5 342075 W 36 120397 5 342075 Gorham s Cave 71 Cultural iii 2016 71 A natural sea cave considered to be one of the last known habitations of the Neanderthals in Europe 71 Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum nbsp Paola Malta Island nbsp Malta35 52 17 N 14 30 27 E 35 87139 N 14 50750 E 35 87139 14 50750 Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum Cultural iii 1980 72 Heritage of Mercury Almaden and Idrija nbsp nbsp Slovenia nbsp Spain 38 46 31 N 4 50 20 W 38 77528 N 4 83889 W 38 77528 4 83889 Heritage of Mercury Almaden and Idrija Cultural ii iv 104 260 2012 73 Historical Complex of Split with the Palace of Diocletian nbsp Split Dalmatia County nbsp Croatia43 30 34 N 16 26 36 E 43 50944 N 16 44333 E 43 50944 16 44333 Historical Complex of Split with the Palace of Diocletian Cultural ii iii iv 21 52 1979 The palace was built by the Roman emperor Diocletian at the turn of the fourth century AD and later served as the basis of the city of Split A cathedral was built in the Middle Ages inside the ancient mausoleum along with churches fortifications Gothic and Renaissance palaces The Baroque style makes up the rest of the area 74 Historic Centre of Cordoba nbsp Province of Cordoba Andalusia nbsp Spain37 52 45 N 4 46 47 W 37 87917 N 4 77972 W 37 87917 4 77972 Historic Centre of Cordoba Cultural i ii iii iv 1984 nb 10 The original listing was the Great Mosque of Cordoba a 7th century mosque converted to a Roman Catholic cathedral in the 13th century by Ferdinand III During the high period of the Moorish rule of the region Cordoba had over 300 mosques and architecture that compared to that of Constantinople Damascus and Baghdad 75 76 Historic Centre of Evora nbsp Evora Municipality Alentejo nbsp Portugal38 24 23 N 7 54 28 W 38 40639 N 7 90778 W 38 40639 7 90778 Historic Centre of Evora Cultural ii iv 1986 77 Historic Centre of Florence nbsp City and Province of Florence Tuscany nbsp Italy43 46 23 N 11 15 22 E 43 77306 N 11 25611 E 43 77306 11 25611 Historic Centre of Florence Cultural i ii iii iv vi 505 1 250 1982 78 Historic Centre of Guimaraes nbsp Braga District Minho Province nbsp Portugal41 26 27 N 8 17 41 W 41 44083 N 8 29472 W 41 44083 8 29472 Historic Centre of Guimaraes Cultural ii iii iv 16 40 buffer zone 45 110 2001 79 Historic Centre of Naples nbsp City and Province of Naples Campania nbsp Italy40 51 5 N 14 15 46 E 40 85139 N 14 26278 E 40 85139 14 26278 Historic Centre of Naples Cultural ii iv 1995 80 Historic Centre of Oporto Luiz I Bridge and Monastery of Serra do Pilar nbsp Norte nbsp Portugal41 8 30 N 8 37 0 W 41 14167 N 8 61667 W 41 14167 8 61667 Historic Centre of Oporto Cultural iv 1996 81 Historic Centre of Rome the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura nbsp nbsp Holy See Rome Lazio nbsp Italy 41 53 25 N 12 29 32 E 41 89028 N 12 49222 E 41 89028 12 49222 Historic Centre of Rome the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura Cultural i ii iii iv vi 1 485 3 670 1980 nb 11 82 Historic Centre of San Gimignano nbsp San Gimignano Province of Siena Tuscany nbsp Italy43 28 5 N 11 2 30 E 43 46806 N 11 04167 E 43 46806 11 04167 Historic Centre of San Gimignano Cultural i iii iv 14 35 1990 83 Historic Centre of Siena nbsp City and Province of Siena Tuscany nbsp Italy43 19 7 N 11 19 54 E 43 31861 N 11 33167 E 43 31861 11 33167 Historic Centre of Siena Cultural i ii iv 170 420 buffer zone 9 907 24 480 1995 84 Historic Centre of the City of Pienza nbsp Pienza Province of Siena Tuscany nbsp Italy43 4 37 N 11 40 43 E 43 07694 N 11 67861 E 43 07694 11 67861 Historic Centre of the City of Pienza Cultural i ii iv 4 41 10 9 1996 85 Historic Centre of Urbino nbsp Province of Pesaro Marche nbsp Italy43 43 30 N 12 38 0 E 43 72500 N 12 63333 E 43 72500 12 63333 Historic Centre of Urbino Cultural ii iv 29 72 buffer zone 3 609 8 920 1998 86 Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokastra nbsp Berat and Gjirokaster nbsp Albania40 4 10 N 20 8 0 E 40 06944 N 20 13333 E 40 06944 20 13333 Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokastra Cultural iii iv 59 150 buffer zone 136 340 2005 nb 12 87 Historic City of Toledo nbsp Province of Toledo Castile La Mancha nbsp Spain39 52 1 N 4 1 46 W 39 86694 N 4 02944 W 39 86694 4 02944 Historic City of Toledo Cultural i ii vi 1986 Toledo was founded by the Romans served as the capital of the Visigothic Kingdom was important in Muslim Spain and during the Reconquista and briefly served as the capital of Spain The city combines Christian Muslim and Jewish influences 88 Historic City of Trogir nbsp Split Dalmatia County nbsp Croatia43 30 45 N 16 15 6 E 43 51250 N 16 25167 E 43 51250 16 25167 Historic City of Trogir Cultural ii v 6 40 15 8 buffer zone 4 80 11 9 1997 Trogir s rich culture was created under the influence of old Greeks Romans and Venetians It is the best preserved Romanesque Gothic complex not only in the Adriatic but in all of Central Europe Trogir s medieval core surrounded by walls comprises a preserved castle and tower and a series of dwellings and palaces from the Romanesque Gothic Renaissance and Baroque periods 89 Historic Walled Town of Cuenca nbsp Province of Cuenca Castile La Mancha nbsp Spain40 4 36 N 2 7 54 W 40 07667 N 2 13167 W 40 07667 2 13167 Historic Walled Town of Cuenca Cultural ii v 1996 The Moors built the fortified city in the early 8th century and it was captured by the Christians in the 12th century The cathedral is the first Gothic example in Spain The town is also famous for its casas colgados houses that hang over the edge of a cliff 90 Ibiza Biodiversity and Culture nbsp Balearic Islands nbsp Spain38 54 40 N 1 26 7 E 38 91111 N 1 43528 E 38 91111 1 43528 Ibiza Biodiversity and Culture Mixed ii iii iv ix x 8 564 21 160 1999 The coast of Ibiza is home to posidonia oceanica a seagrass only found in the Mediterranean that supports a diverse coastal and marine ecosystem The island also contains numerous Phoenician ruins and the fortified and walled older portions of the city date to the 16th century 91 Isole Eolie Aeolian Islands nbsp Southern Tyrrhenian Sea nbsp Italy38 29 16 N 14 56 44 E 38 48778 N 14 94556 E 38 48778 14 94556 Isole Eolie Aeolian Islands Natural viii 1 216 3 000 2000 92 Ivrea Industrial City of the 20th Century nbsp Ivrea nbsp Italy45 28 0 N 7 53 0 E 45 46667 N 7 88333 E 45 46667 7 88333 Ivrea Cultural iv 71 185 175 90 buffer zone 400 481 989 61 2018 93 La Lonja de la Seda de Valencia nbsp Valencia Province of Valencia Valencian Community nbsp Spain39 28 28 N 0 22 42 W 39 47444 N 0 37833 W 39 47444 0 37833 La Lonja de la Seda de Valencia Cultural i iv 1996 La Lonja or Llotja in Valencian language de la Seda means Silk Exchange in English and the group of Gothic buildings demonstrate the wealth of Valencia as an important Mediterranean and European mercantile city in the period 94 Landscape of the Pico Island Vineyard Culture nbsp Azores nbsp Portugal38 30 48 N 28 32 28 W 38 51333 N 28 54111 W 38 51333 28 54111 Landscape of the Pico Island Vineyard Culture Cultural iii v 190 470 buffer zone 2 445 6 040 2004 95 Las Medulas nbsp Province of Leon Castile and Leon nbsp Spain42 28 10 N 6 46 15 W 42 46944 N 6 77083 W 42 46944 6 77083 Las Medulas Cultural i ii iii iv 1997 The Romans established a gold mine and worked the site for two centuries They used an early form of hydraulic mining and cut aqueducts in the rock cliffs to provide water for the operations The Romans left in the early 3rd century leaving sheer cliff faces and mining infrastructure that is intact today 96 Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto South Eastern Sicily nbsp Provinces of Catania Ragusa and Syracuse Sicily nbsp Italy36 53 35 5 N 15 4 8 E 36 893194 N 15 06889 E 36 893194 15 06889 Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto South Eastern Sicily Cultural i ii iv v 113 280 buffer zone 306 760 2002 97 Longobards in Italy Places of the power 568 774 A D nbsp nbsp Italy46 5 39 N 13 25 59 E 46 09417 N 13 43306 E 46 09417 13 43306 Longobards in Italy Places of the power 568 774 A D Cultural ii iii vi 14 35 buffer zone 306 760 2011 The site includes seven Longobards towns Brescia Cividale del Friuli Castelseprio Spoleto Campello sul Clitunno Benevento and Monte Sant Angelo 98 Madriu Perafita Claror Valley nbsp Encamp Andorra la Vella Sant Julia de Loria Escaldes Engordany nbsp Andorra42 29 41 N 1 35 44 E 42 49472 N 1 59556 E 42 49472 1 59556 Madriu Perafita Claror Valley Cultural v 2004 nb 13 99 100 Mantua and Sabbioneta nbsp nbsp Italy45 9 34 N 10 47 40 E 45 15944 N 10 79444 E 45 15944 10 79444 Mantua and Sabbioneta Cultural ii iii 235 580 buffer zone 2 330 5 800 2008 101 Medieval City of Rhodes nbsp Rhodes South Aegean nbsp Greece36 26 50 N 28 13 40 E 36 44722 N 28 22778 E 36 44722 28 22778 Medieval City of Rhodes Cultural ii iv v 66 160 1988 The Order of St John of Jerusalem occupied Rhodes from 1309 to 1523 and set about transforming the city into a stronghold It subsequently came under Turkish and Italian rule With the Palace of the Grand Masters the Great Hospital and the Street of the Knights the Upper Town is one of the most beautiful urban ensembles of the Gothic period In the Lower Town Gothic architecture coexists with mosques public baths and other buildings dating from the Ottoman period 102 103 Medici Villas and Gardens in Tuscany nbsp Tuscany nbsp Italy43 51 28 N 11 18 15 E 43 85778 N 11 30417 E 43 85778 11 30417 Medici Villas and Gardens in Tuscany Cultural ii iv vi 125 310 buffer zone 3 539 8 750 2013 104 Medieval Monuments in Kosovo nbsp Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija nbsp Serbia42 39 40 N 20 15 56 E 42 66111 N 20 26556 E 42 66111 20 26556 Medieval Monuments in Kosovo Cultural ii iii iv 2 88 7 1 buffer zone 115 280 2004 nb 14 The four edifices of the site reflect the high points of the Byzantine Romanesque ecclesiastical culture with its distinct style of wall painting which developed in the Balkans between the 13th and 17th centuries The Decani Monastery was built in the mid 14th century for the Serbian king Stefan Decanski and is also his mausoleum The Patriarchal Monastery of Pec is a group of four domed churches featuring series of wall paintings The 13th century frescoes of the Church of Holy Apostles are painted in a unique monumental style Early 14th century frescoes in the church of the Holy Virgin of Ljevisa represent the appearance of the new so called Palaiologian Renaissance style combining the influences of the eastern Orthodox Byzantine and the Western Romanesque traditions The style played a decisive role in subsequent Balkan art The site has been listed as endangered since 2006 due to a lack of legal protection and management political instability and security 105 106 Medina Azahara Cordoba nbsp Province of Cordoba Andalusia nbsp Spain37 53 10 N 4 52 04 W 37 88611 N 4 86778 W 37 88611 4 86778 Medina Azahara Cordoba Cultural i iii iv 2018 Ruins of a vast fortified Arab Muslim medieval palace city built by Abd ar Rahman III 912 961 the first Umayyad Caliph of Cordoba and located on the western outskirts of Cordoba Spain 107 Megalithic Temples of Malta nbsp Gozo and Malta Island nbsp Malta36 2 57 N 14 16 10 E 36 04917 N 14 26944 E 36 04917 14 26944 Megalithic Temples of Malta Cultural iv 1980 nb 15 108 Mehmed Pasa Sokolovic Bridge in Visegrad nbsp Republika Srpska nbsp Bosnia and Herzegovina43 46 53 N 19 17 17 E 43 78139 N 19 28806 E 43 78139 19 28806 Mehmed Pasa Sokolovic Bridge in Visegrad Cultural ii iv 1 50 3 7 buffer zone 12 30 2007 109 Meteora nbsp Trikala Thessaly nbsp Greece39 43 0 N 21 38 0 E 39 71667 N 21 63333 E 39 71667 21 63333 Meteora Mixed i ii iv v vii 272 670 buffer zone 1 884 4 660 1988 In a region of almost inaccessible sandstone peaks monks settled on these columns of the sky from the 11th century onwards Twenty four of these monasteries were built despite incredible difficulties at the time of the great revival of the eremitic ideal in the 15th century Their 16th century frescoes mark a key stage in the development of post Byzantine painting 110 111 Monasteries of Daphni Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni of Chios nbsp Attica Central Greece and North Aegean nbsp Greece38 24 0 N 22 45 0 E 38 40000 N 22 75000 E 38 40000 22 75000 Monasteries of Daphni Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni of Chios Cultural i iv 3 70 9 1 buffer zone 5 816 14 370 1990 Although geographically distant from each other these three monasteries belong to the same typological series and share the same aesthetic characteristics The churches are built on a cross in square plan with a large dome supported by squinches defining an octagonal space In the 11th and 12th centuries they were decorated with superb marble works as well as mosaics on a gold background all characteristic of the second golden age of Byzantine art 112 113 Monastery and Site of the Escorial Madrid nbsp San Lorenzo de El Escorial Community of Madrid nbsp Spain40 34 54 N 4 7 35 W 40 58167 N 4 12639 W 40 58167 4 12639 Monastery and Site of the Escurial Madrid Cultural i ii vi 1984 El Escorial is one of several Spanish royal sites due to its history as a residence of the royal family The palace was designed by King Philip II and architect Juan Bautista de Toledo to serve as a monument to Spain s central role in the Christian world 114 Monastery of Alcobaca nbsp Alcobaca Leiria District nbsp Portugal39 33 0 N 8 58 36 W 39 55000 N 8 97667 W 39 55000 8 97667 Monastery of Alcobaca Cultural i iv 1989 115 Monastery of Batalha nbsp Batalha Leiria District nbsp Portugal39 39 28 N 8 49 37 W 39 65778 N 8 82694 W 39 65778 8 82694 Monastery of Batalha Cultural i ii 0 98 2 4 buffer zone 86 210 1983 116 Monastery of the Hieronymites and Tower of Belem in Lisbon nbsp Lisbon nbsp Portugal38 41 31 N 9 12 57 W 38 69194 N 9 21583 W 38 69194 9 21583 Monastery of the Hieronymites and Tower of Belem in Lisbon Cultural iii vi 2 66 6 6 buffer zone 103 250 1983 nb 16 117 Monte San Giorgio nbsp nbsp Italy nbsp Switzerland 45 53 20 N 8 54 50 E 45 88889 N 8 91389 E 45 88889 8 91389 Monte San Giorgio Natural viii 1 089 2 690 buffer zone 3 207 7 920 2003 nb 17 118 119 Monuments of Oviedo and the Kingdom of the Asturias nbsp Asturias nbsp Spain43 21 45 N 5 50 35 W 43 36250 N 5 84306 W 43 36250 5 84306 Monuments of Oviedo and the Kingdom of the Asturias Cultural i ii iv 1985 nb 18 The Kingdom of Asturias remained the only Christian region of Spain in the 9th century It developed its own style of Pre Romanesque art and architecture that is displayed in various churches and other monuments The original entry titled Churches of the Kingdom of the Asturias and was extended to include other monuments such as La Foncalada 120 121 Mount Athos nbsp Autonomous region of Mount Athos nbsp Greece40 16 0 N 24 13 0 E 40 26667 N 24 21667 E 40 26667 24 21667 Mount Athos Mixed i ii iv v vi vii 33 042 81 650 1988 An Orthodox spiritual centre since 1054 Mount Athos has enjoyed an autonomous statute since Byzantine times The Holy Mountain which is forbidden to women and children is also a recognized artistic site The layout of the monasteries about 20 of which are presently inhabited by some 1 400 monks had an influence as far afield as Russia and its school of painting influenced the history of Orthodox art 122 123 Mount Etna nbsp Sicily nbsp Italy37 45 22 N 14 59 48 E 37 75611 N 14 99667 E 37 75611 14 99667 Mount Etna Natural viii 19 237 47 540 2013 124 Mudejar Architecture of Aragon nbsp Teruel and Zaragoza Provinces Aragon nbsp Spain40 20 38 N 1 6 26 W 40 34389 N 1 10722 W 40 34389 1 10722 Mudejar Architecture of Aragon Cultural ii iv vi 1986 nb 19 The original listing contained four churches in Teruel in the Mudejar style a blending of traditional Islamic and contemporary European styles In 2001 the listing was expanded to include an additional six monuments 125 Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid region nbsp Ohrid Municipality nbsp North Macedonia41 7 5 N 20 48 48 E 41 11806 N 20 81333 E 41 11806 20 81333 Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid region Mixed i iii iv vii 83 350 206 000 1979 nb 20 126 127 Natural and Culturo Historical Region of Kotor nbsp Bay of Kotor Kotor and surrounding territory nbsp Montenegro42 29 0 N 18 42 0 E 42 48333 N 18 70000 E 42 48333 18 70000 Natural and Culturo Historical Region of Kotor Cultural i ii iii iv 1979 The site had been listed as endangered 1979 2003 following the damage due to the 1979 Montenegro earthquake 128 129 130 Old Bridge Area of the Old City of Mostar nbsp Herzegovina Neretva Canton nbsp Bosnia and Herzegovina43 20 53 N 17 48 39 E 43 34806 N 17 81083 E 43 34806 17 81083 Old Bridge Area of the Old City of Mostar Cultural vi 2005 131 Old City of Dubrovnik nbsp Dubrovnik Neretva County nbsp Croatia42 39 2 N 18 5 29 E 42 65056 N 18 09139 E 42 65056 18 09139 Old City of Dubrovnik Cultural i iii iv 97 240 buffer zone 54 130 1979 nb 21 Dubrovnik became a prosperous Maritime republic during the Middle Ages it became the only eastern Adriatic city state to rival Venice Supported by its wealth and skilled diplomacy the city achieved a remarkable level of development particularly during the 15th and 16th centuries The site had been listed as World Heritage in Danger 1991 1998 due to the Croatian War of Independence 132 133 134 Old City of Salamanca nbsp Province of Salamanca Castile and Leon nbsp Spain40 57 55 N 5 39 52 W 40 96528 N 5 66444 W 40 96528 5 66444 Old City of Salamanca Cultural i ii iv 1988 Salamanca is important as a university city as the University of Salamanca founded in 1218 is the oldest in Spain and among the oldest in Europe The city was first conquered by the Carthaginians in the 3rd century and later ruled by the Romans and Moors The city centre represents Romanesque Gothic Moorish Renaissance and Baroque architecture 135 Old Town of Avila with its Extra Muros Churches nbsp Province of Avila Castile and Leon nbsp Spain40 39 23 N 4 42 0 W 40 65639 N 4 70000 W 40 65639 4 70000 Old Town of Avila with its Extra Muros Churches Cultural iii iv 1985 nb 22 The defensive wall surrounding the original town was constructed in the 11th century It features 82 semicircular towers and 9 gates and is one of the most complete examples of town walls in Spain 136 Old Town of Caceres nbsp Province of Caceres Extremadura nbsp Spain39 28 28 N 6 22 12 W 39 47444 N 6 37000 W 39 47444 6 37000 Old Town of Caceres Cultural iii iv 1986 The old town combines Roman Islamic Northern Gothic and Italian Renaissance architectural influences including more than 30 Islamic towers 137 Old Town of Corfu nbsp Corfu Ionian Islands nbsp Greece39 37 26 N 19 55 39 E 39 62389 N 19 92750 E 39 62389 19 92750 Old Town of Corfu Cultural iv 70 170 buffer zone 162 400 2007 The Old Town of Corfu on the Island of Corfu off the western coasts of Albania and Greece is located in a strategic position at the entrance of the Adriatic Sea and has its roots in the 8th century BC The three forts of the town designed by renowned Venetian engineers were used for four centuries to defend the maritime trading interests of the Republic of Venice against the Ottoman Empire In the course of time the forts were repaired and partly rebuilt several times more recently under British rule in the 19th century The mainly neoclassical housing stock of the Old Town is partly from the Venetian period partly of later construction notably the 19th century As a fortified Mediterranean port Corfu s urban and port ensemble is notable for its high level of integrity and authenticity 138 139 Old Town of Segovia and its Aqueduct nbsp Province of Segovia Castile and Leon nbsp Spain40 56 54 5 N 4 7 9 W 40 948472 N 4 11917 W 40 948472 4 11917 Old Town of Segovia and its Aqueduct Cultural i iii iv 1985 The Roman aqueduct was constructed in the 1st century the medieval Alcazar palace in the 11th century and the cathedral in the 16th 140 Palau de la Musica Catalana and Hospital de Sant Pau Barcelona nbsp Province of Barcelona Catalonia nbsp Spain41 23 16 N 2 10 30 E 41 38778 N 2 17500 E 41 38778 2 17500 Palau de la Musica Catalana and Hospital de Sant Pau Barcelona Cultural i ii iv 1997 nb 23 Both buildings were constructed in the early 20th century and designed by Lluis Domenech i Montaner in the modernist Art Nouveau movement that was very popular in Barcelona in that period The two buildings are Montaner s most famous works 141 Paleochristian and Byzantine Monuments of Thessalonika nbsp Thessaloniki Central Macedonia nbsp Greece40 38 18 N 22 57 54 E 40 63833 N 22 96500 E 40 63833 22 96500 Paleochristian and Byzantine Monuments of Thessalonika Cultural i ii iv 5 33 13 2 1988 Founded in 315 B C the provincial capital and sea port of Thessalonika was one of the first bases for the spread of Christianity Among its Christian monuments are fine churches some built on the Greek cross plan and others on the three nave basilica plan Constructed over a long period from the 4th to the 15th century they constitute a diachronic typological series which had considerable influence in the Byzantine Empire 142 143 Palmeral of Elche nbsp Province of Alicante Valencian Community nbsp Spain38 16 10 N 0 41 54 W 38 26944 N 0 69833 W 38 26944 0 69833 Palmeral of Elche Cultural ii v 2000 The grove of date palm trees was formally laid out with irrigation systems under the Moors in the 10th century The palmeral is a rare example of Arab agricultural practices in Europe 144 Piazza del Duomo Pisa nbsp City and Province of Pisa Tuscany nbsp Italy43 43 23 N 10 23 47 E 43 72306 N 10 39639 E 43 72306 10 39639 Piazza del Duomo Pisa Cultural i ii iv vi 8 87 21 9 buffer zone 254 630 1987 nb 24 145 146 Plitvice Lakes National Park nbsp Lika Senj County nbsp Croatia44 52 40 N 15 36 52 E 44 87778 N 15 61444 E 44 87778 15 61444 Plitvice Lakes National Park Natural vii viii ix 19 200 47 000 1979 nb 25 Over time water has flown over the natural limestone and chalk creating natural dams which in turn have created a series of connecting lakes waterfalls and caves The nearby forests are home to bears wolves and many rare bird species The site had been listed as endangered 1992 1997 due to the potential threat from the Croatian War of Independence 147 148 149 Poblet Monastery nbsp Vimbodi i Poblet Province of Tarragona Catalonia nbsp Spain41 22 51 N 1 4 57 E 41 38083 N 1 08250 E 41 38083 1 08250 Poblet Monastery Cultural i iv 1991 The monastery was founded by the Cistercians in 1151 and is one of the largest in Spain It is associated with various royal families in medieval Spain particularly the kings of the Crown of Aragon a composite monarchy of the dynastic union of the Kingdom of Aragon and the County of Barcelona It is the burial place of the Crown of Aragon monarchs Alfonso II John I John II James I Ferdinana I and Peter IV 150 Portovenere Cinque Terre and the Islands Palmaria Tino and Tinetto nbsp Province of La Spezia Liguria nbsp Italy44 6 25 N 9 43 45 E 44 10694 N 9 72917 E 44 10694 9 72917 Portovenere Cinque Terre and the Islands Palmaria Tino and Tinetto Cultural ii iv v 4 689 11 590 1997 151 Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps nbsp nbsp Austria nbsp France nbsp Germany nbsp Italy nbsp Slovenia nbsp Switzerland 47 16 42 N 8 12 27 E 47 27833 N 8 20750 E 47 27833 8 20750 Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps Cultural iv v 274 680 buffer zone 3 961 9 790 2011 152 Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Coa Valley and Siega Verde nbsp nbsp Portugal nbsp Spain 40 41 51 N 6 39 40 W 40 69750 N 6 66111 W 40 69750 6 66111 Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Coa Valley and Siega Verde Cultural i iii 1998 nb 26 The original 1998 listing contained examples of Upper Palaeolithic rock art in the Coa Valley of Portugal In 2010 it was extended to include 645 engravings in the archaeological zone of Siega Verde in Spain The two sites represent the most well preserved collection of open air Palaolithic art in the Iberian peninsula 153 Pyrenees Mont Perdu nbsp Gedre Hautes Pyrenees Midi Pyrenees nbsp France Communes of Torla Fanlo Tella Sin Puertolas and Bielsa in Province of Huesca Aragon nbsp Spain 42 41 N 0 0 E 42 683 N 0 000 E 42 683 0 000 Pyrenees Mont Perdu Mixed iii iv v vii viii 30 639 75 710 1997 nb 27 The site contains the Pyrenees mountain chain along the French Spanish border The Spanish portion contains two of the largest canyons in Europe while the French side contains three large cirque walls 154 Pythagoreion and Heraion of Samos nbsp Samos North Aegean nbsp Greece37 41 27 N 26 56 36 E 37 69083 N 26 94333 E 37 69083 26 94333 Pythagoreion and Heraion of Samos Cultural ii iii 668 1 650 buffer zone 402 990 1992 Many civilizations have inhabited this small Aegean island near Asia Minor since the 3rd millennium B C The remains of Pythagoreion an ancient fortified port with Greek and Roman monuments and a spectacular tunnel aqueduct as well as the Heraion temple of the Samian Hera can still be seen 155 156 Renaissance Monumental Ensembles of Ubeda and Baeza nbsp Province of Jaen Andalusia nbsp Spain38 0 41 N 3 22 16 W 38 01139 N 3 37111 W 38 01139 3 37111 Renaissance Monumental Ensembles of Ubeda and Baeza Cultural ii iv 9 00 22 2 buffer zone 176 430 2003 Renovations of the two towns in the 16th century were done under the emerging Renaissance style and are among the first examples of the style in Spain 157 Residences of the Royal House of Savoy nbsp Province of Turin Piedmont nbsp Italy45 4 21 N 7 41 9 E 45 07250 N 7 68583 E 45 07250 7 68583 Residences of the Royal House of Savoy Cultural i ii iv v 371 920 buffer zone 6 931 17 130 1997 nb 28 158 159 Rhaetian Railway in the Albula Bernina Landscapes nbsp nbsp Italy nbsp Switzerland 46 29 54 N 9 50 47 E 46 49833 N 9 84639 E 46 49833 9 84639 Rhaetian Railway in the Albula Bernina Landscapes Cultural ii iv 152 380 buffer zone 109 386 270 300 2008 160 Rock Art of the Mediterranean Basin on the Iberian Peninsula nbsp Andalusia Aragon Castile La Mancha Catalonia Murcia and Valencia nbsp Spain39 47 24 N 1 2 0 W 39 79000 N 1 03333 W 39 79000 1 03333 Rock Art of the Mediterranean Basin on the Iberian Peninsula Cultural iii 1998 The site includes over 750 examples of rock art from the late prehistoric period which feature images ranging from geometric shapes to scenes of men hunting animals 161 Rock Drawings in Valcamonica nbsp Province of Brescia Lombardy nbsp Italy45 57 25 N 10 17 50 E 45 95694 N 10 29722 E 45 95694 10 29722 Rock Drawings in Valcamonica Cultural iii vi 432 1 070 buffer zone 1 018 2 520 1979 162 Roman Walls of Lugo nbsp Province of Lugo Galicia nbsp Spain43 0 40 N 7 33 12 W 43 01111 N 7 55333 W 43 01111 7 55333 Roman Walls of Lugo Cultural iv 2000 The walls built to protect the Roman town of Lucus in the 3rd century remain entirely intact and are the best remaining example in Western Europe 163 Routes of Santiago de Compostela Camino Frances and Routes of Northern Spain nbsp Aragon Navarre La Rioja Castile and Leon and Galicia nbsp Spain42 27 33 N 5 53 0 W 42 45917 N 5 88333 W 42 45917 5 88333 Route of Santiago de Compostela Cultural ii iv vi 1993 The Route or the Way of St James is a pilgrimage from the French Spanish border to the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela where the apostle James is believed to be buried 164 Royal Monastery of Santa Maria de Guadalupe nbsp Guadalupe Province of Caceres Extremadura nbsp Spain39 27 10 N 5 19 39 W 39 45278 N 5 32750 W 39 45278 5 32750 Royal Monastery of Santa Maria de Guadalupe Cultural iv vi 1993 The monastery is home of Our Lady of Guadalupe a shrine to Mary found in the 13th century after being buried from Muslim invaders in 714 The Virgin of Guadalupe and the monastery served as important symbols during the Reconquista culminating in 1492 the same year as Columbus discovery of America The Guadalupe Virgin became an important symbol during the evangelization of America 165 Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy nbsp Lombardy Piedmont nbsp Italy45 58 28 N 9 10 10 E 45 97444 N 9 16944 E 45 97444 9 16944 Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy Cultural ii iv 91 220 buffer zone 722 1 780 2003 166 Sanctuary of Asklepios at Epidaurus nbsp Argolis Peloponnese nbsp Greece37 40 0 N 23 7 0 E 37 66667 N 23 11667 E 37 66667 23 11667 Sanctuary of Asklepios at Epidaurus Cultural i ii iii iv vi 1 394 3 440 buffer zone 3 386 8 370 1988 In a small valley in the Peloponnesus the shrine of Asklepios the god of medicine developed out of a much earlier cult of Apollo during the 6th century BC at the latest as the official cult of the city state of Epidaurus Its principal monuments particularly the temple of Asklepios the Tholos and the Theatre considered one of the purest masterpieces of Greek architecture date from the 4th century The vast site with its temples and hospital buildings devoted to its healing gods provides valuable insight into the healing cults of Greek and Roman times 167 168 Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Monte in Braga nbsp Braga nbsp Portugal41 33 16 N 8 22 40 W 41 55444 N 8 37778 W 41 55444 8 37778 Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Monte in Braga Cultural iv 26 64 2019 169 San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano nbsp nbsp San Marino43 55 58 N 12 27 7 E 43 93278 N 12 45194 E 43 93278 12 45194 San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano Cultural iii 55 140 buffer zone 167 410 2008 170 San Millan Yuso and Suso Monasteries nbsp San Millan de la Cogolla La Rioja nbsp Spain42 19 33 N 2 51 54 W 42 32583 N 2 86500 W 42 32583 2 86500 San Millan Yuso and Suso Monasteries Cultural ii iv vi 19 47 buffer zone 266 660 1997 The original Suso monastery was founded in the mid 6th century and is the location where the Glosas Emilianenses were written The codixes are considered the first written examples of the Spanish and Basque languages and the monastery is considered the birthplace of written and spoken Spanish The newer Yuso monastery was built in the 16th century 171 Royal Building of Mafra Palace Basilica Convent Cerco Garden and Hunting Park Tapada nbsp Mafra nbsp Portugal38 56 12 N 9 19 35 W 38 93667 N 9 32639 W 38 93667 9 32639 Mafra Palace Cultural iv 1 213 17 2 997 8 2019 172 Santiago de Compostela Old Town nbsp Province of A Coruna Galicia nbsp Spain42 52 51 N 8 32 41 W 42 88083 N 8 54472 W 42 88083 8 54472 Santiago de Compostela Old Town Cultural i ii vi 1985 The Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela is the reputed burial place of the apostle James and is the terminus of the Way of St James a pilgrimage across northern Spain The town was destroyed by Muslims in the 10th century and rebuilt during the following century 173 Skocjan Caves nbsp Skocjan nbsp Slovenia45 40 0 N 14 0 0 E 45 66667 N 14 00000 E 45 66667 14 00000 Skocjan Caves Natural vii viii 413 1 020 1986 174 Stari Grad Plain nbsp Split Dalmatia County nbsp Croatia43 10 54 N 16 38 19 E 43 18167 N 16 63861 E 43 18167 16 63861 Stari Grad Plain Cultural ii iii v 1 377 3 400 buffer zone 6 403 15 820 2008 The Stari Grad Plain is an agricultural landscape that was set up by the ancient Greek colonists in the 4th century BC and remains in use today The plain is generally still in its original form The ancient layout has been preserved by careful maintenance of the stone walls over 24 centuries 175 Stari Ras and Sopocani nbsp near Novi Pazar Raska District nbsp Serbia43 7 8 N 20 25 22 E 43 11889 N 20 42278 E 43 11889 20 42278 Stari Ras and Sopocani Cultural i iii 199 490 buffer zone 9 936 24 550 1979 On the outskirts of Stari Ras the first capital of Serbia there is a group of medieval monuments consisting of fortresses churches and monasteries The monastery at Sopocani is a reminder of the contacts between Western civilization and the Byzantine world 176 Stecci Medieval Tombstones Graveyards nbsp nbsp Bosnia and Herzegovina nbsp Croatia nbsp Montenegro nbsp Serbia 43 5 31 97 N 17 55 26 59 E 43 0922139 N 17 9240528 E 43 0922139 17 9240528 Stecci Medieval Tombstones Graveyards Cultural iii vi 49 120 buffer zone 321 790 2016 177, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library, article, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games. |