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Karnan (1964 film)

January 06, 2023

Karnan (pronunciation (help·info)) is a 1964 Indian Tamil-language Hindu mythological film produced and directed by B. R. Panthulu. It stars Sivaji Ganesan leading an ensemble cast consisting of N. T. Rama Rao, S. A. Ashokan, R. Muthuraman, Savitri, Devika and M. V. Rajamma. The film is based on the story of Karna, a character from the Hindu epic Mahabharata.

Karnan
Theatrical release poster
Directed byB. R. Panthulu
Screenplay byA. S. Nagarajan
Sakthi T. K. Krishnasamy
Based onMahabharata
Produced byB. R. Panthulu
StarringSivaji Ganesan
N. T. Rama Rao
Savitri
Devika
M. V. Rajamma
S. A. Ashokan
R. Muthuraman
CinematographyV. Ramamurthy
Edited byR. Devarajan
Music byViswanathan–Ramamoorthy
Production
company
Padmini Pictures
Distributed bySivaji Films
Release date
  • 14 January 1964 (1964-01-14)
Running time
177–180 minutes[a]
CountryIndia
LanguageTamil
Budgetest.₹4 million

Karnan, which was officially launched in 1963, was shot in palaces at Jaipur and the war sequences were filmed in Kurukshetra, which featured several soldiers from the Indian Army. The film's original soundtrack was composed by the duo Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy, while the lyrics were written by Kannadasan. The screenplay was written by A. S. Nagarajan and the dialogues by Sakthi T. K. Krishnasamy. The film was the first in Tamil to be colourised using Eastmancolor.

Karnan was released on 14 January 1964, during the festival occasion of Pongal. The film ran for over 100 days in theatres, and later won the Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Feature Film at the 11th National Film Awards. It was considered a milestone in Tamil cinema as it brought together the then leading actors of South Indian cinema, Ganesan and Rama Rao. The film was also partly responsible for a resurgence in films based on Hindu epics in the industry. A digitised version of Karnan was released in March 2012 to critical and commercial success.

Plot

The unmarried princess Kunti is seen taking away a small coffin with a baby boy; she earlier got a boon from Durvasa for her pious service to him. Kunti could invoke a mantra and be blessed with a child from any male god of her choice. When she tested it playfully, she was blessed by the Sun with the baby, which she abandons in the Ganges to avoid embarrassment. The baby is rescued and adopted by royal charioteer Adhirathan, and later named Karnan.

Years later, Karnan feels heartbroken upon realising that Adhirathan is only his adoptive father. Not wanting to become a charioteer like him, he instead chooses to become a warrior, travels to another kingdom and trains there. Four years later, having mastered archery, Karnan returns home. At the same time, the royal exhibition is held to portray the valour of royal princes, who have just completed education from Dronachariar. Once there, Karnan challenges the Pandava prince Arjunan in an archery contest, as everyone there hails Arjunan as the best archer ever. Karnan is insulted and refused a chance because of his lowly birth, but the Kaurava crown prince and cousin of the Pandavas, Duryodhanan, saves his pride, and crowns Karnan as the king of Anga. Karnan thus becomes the close friend of Duryodhanan and his wife Bhanumati.

One day, Indran, disguised as a Brahmin, approaches Karnan and asks for his armour and ear ornaments as alms to weaken and prevent him from overpowering Arjuna. Although aware of Indra's intention, Karnan still gives both of the articles that he was born with and which made him invincible. Pleased with Karnan's generosity, Indra gives him a powerful weapon, the Nagastra. Disguised as a Brahmin, Karnan becomes the student of Parashuramar to acquire the Brahmastra; Parashuramar eventually realises that Karnan is a Kshatriya, a tribe he opposes. Enraged, he renders Karnan incapable of using the Brahmastra when most needed, and banishes him.

Karnan later saves princess Subhangi from an uncontrolled chariot; they fall in love and eventually marry. A few years later, Krishnan, a supporter of the Pandavas, learns about Karnan's true background. He tells Kunti that Karnan is her first-born son. Karnan also learns about his birth later. Kunti meets Karnan and gets two wishes from him, one that he will not attack any of her sons (the Pandavas) except Arjunan during the impending Kurukshetra War, and that he will attack Arjunan with the Nagastra only once. Karnan refuses to join the Pandavas and remains the friend of their enemy Duryodhanan.

Before the war begins, Duryodhanan's ministers assemble to appoint the commanders of the army divisions. Bhishmar is appointed the Commander and he starts nominating generals for different battalions. Karnan is insulted because of his lowly birth and given the command of a low rank infantry. The war begins and in the early days, Bhishma retires and Karnan replaces him. The following day, Karnan goes to war accompanied by his son Vrishasenan who fights bravely, but is killed by Arjunan.

The next day, Karnan tries to kill Arjunan with the Nagastra, but Krishnan prevents the weapon from hurting him. Since Karnan cannot use the Nagastra more than once, he is unable to kill Arjunan. A wheel of his chariot gets stuck in a hole, and he steps down to relieve it. Under Krishnan's direction, Arjunan shoots multiple arrows at Karnan that severely wound him, but Karnan still stays alive. Krishnan tells a shocked Arjunan that the Dharma that Karnan performed during his lifetime was protecting his life. Krishnan disguises as a Brahmin, goes to Karnan and asks him his virtues as donation. Karnan generously donates all his virtues to the "Brahmin". Arjunan then shoots a few more arrows at Karnan that kill him.

The Pandavas, who realise that Karnan was their eldest brother, mourn his death. Kunti does the same, while Subhangi dies, traumatised by her husband's death. Arjunan remorses killing Karnan, until Krishnan reveals that the curses by Indran and Parashuramar were also responsible for his death. The film ends with Karnan meeting his father — the Sun — in the afterlife.

Cast

Cast according to the opening credits of the film[3]

Production

Development

 
Karnan was the first film to be shot at the Bangalore Palace.

Karnan is based on the life of the character Karna from the Hindu epic Mahabharata,[4][2] and was officially launched in 1963 at Vijaya Studios in Chennai.[5] B. R. Panthulu, who directed and produced the film under the banner Padmini Pictures,[6] had collected most of his information from scholars Kripananda Variar and Anantarama Dikshitar.[7] The film's art director was Ganga, and the cinematographer was V. Ramamurthy.[8] Sakthi T. K. Krishnasamy wrote the dialogues, and A. S. Nagarajan wrote the screenplay.[9] R. Devarajan was the editor.[10]

Casting

Sivaji Ganesan was cast in the title role, Telugu actor N. T. Rama Rao as Krishnan, and R. Muthuraman as Arjunan.[11] Actresses Devika and Savitri were cast in the female lead roles, and S. A. Ashokan as Karna's friend Duryodhanan.[12][13] The role of Karna's mother Kunti was portrayed by M. V. Rajamma,[14] and actress Sandhya played Karna's mother-in-law.[15] Other supporting cast members included actor Shanmugasundaram as the charioteer Salliya Chakravarthy, V. S. Raghavan as Vidhurar, actresses Kalpana and Jayanthi,[8] and the then six-year-old Master Sridhar as Meganathan, an orphan who meets Karnan after being accused of setting fire to a school.[16] Actor K. V. Srinivasan played a minor role as the sage who christens the lead character as Karnan. He also dubbed for the voice of Rama Rao, after Ganesan's insistence with Panthulu.[17]

Filming

Karnan was filmed with an estimated budget of ₹4 million (valued at about US$840 000.84 in 1964).[b][19] The high cost of the film was attributed to the transportation costs incurred to move chariots from Chennai to Kurukshetra, where the war sequences were filmed. Permission from the government was sought, cavalry and infantry from the Indian Army were brought to the locations at Kurukshetra and the first rows of the charging armies on horses and elephants had soldiers from the Indian Army.[20] The battle scenes were shot with troupes of the 61 Cavalry Regiment, using 80 elephants, 400 horses and three cameras.[21] Other scenes were shot at palaces in Jaipur.[20] Sridhar finished his long scene in one take, and was paid ₹1000 (valued at about US$210 in 1964[b]) for the performance.[16] Shooting for Karnan also took place at the Bangalore Palace in the Cantonment area, making it the first film to be shot there.[22] In 2012, Panthulu's son Ravishankar revealed that a few shots involving Ganesan and Rama Rao took as many as four days to shoot, because of the large number of personnel involved.[23] After the release of Karnan, all the chariots made for the war sequences in Kurukshetra, were donated to the Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur.[19] The film was processed at Filmcenter in Bombay,[6] and was the first Tamil film to be colourised using Eastmancolor.[24] Its final length was 4,876 metres (15,997 ft).[25]

Music

Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy (a duo consisting of M. S. Viswanathan and T. K. Ramamoorthy) composed the music of Karnan, while the lyrics were written by Kannadasan.[26][27] The songs were recorded using various instruments like Sarangi, Santoor, Shehnai, Dilruba and others that were rarely used in Tamil films.[20] The songs "Ullathil Nalla Ullam" and "Aayiram Karangal" were written first and tuned later; for the other songs, Kannadasan wrote lines to fit the tune. He completed all the lyrics for the songs in two days.[28] The entire soundtrack was completed within three days.[29]

The songs are set in various Hindustani and Carnatic ragas: "En Uyir Thozhi" is set in Hamir Kalyani,[30] "Maharajan" in Kharaharapriya,[31] "Kangal Engey" in Suddha Dhanyasi,[32] "Iravum Nilavum" in Shuddha Sarang,[33] "Ullathil Nalla Ullam" in Ahir Bhairav,[34] "Poi Vaa Magale" in Anandabhairavi,[35] "Kannuku Kulam Yedu" in Pahadi, and "Naanichivandhana" in Darbari Kanada.[36]

Track list
No.TitleSinger(s)Length
1."En Uyir Thozhi"P. Susheela3:45
2."Iravum Nilavum"T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela3:47
3."Kangal Engey"P. Susheela4:53
4."Kannuku Kulam Yedu"P. Susheela4:09
5."Maharajan"T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela3:22
6."Mazhai Kodukkum"Trichy Loganathan, Sirkazhi Govindarajan6:56
7."Manjal Mugam"P. Susheela4:24
8."Maranathai Eni"Sirkazhi Govindarajan3:04
9."Poi Vaa Magale"Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi3:44
10."Ullathil Nalla Ullam"Sirkazhi Govindarajan3:51
11."Naanichivandhana"Thiruchi Loganathan1:15
12."Parithraannaaya"Sirkazhi Govindarajan0:42
13."Aayiram Karangal Neeti"T. M. Soundararajan, Sirkazhi Govindarajan, Thiruchi Loganathan, P. B. Sreenivas1:27
14."Ennakoduppan"P. B. Sreenivas1:31
15."Malargal Sutti"P. Susheela1:19
16."Mannavar Porulkalai"T. M. Soundararajan2:47
17."Nilavum Malarum"T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela3:43

Release

Karnan was released on 14 January 1964 during the festival occasion of Pongal,[11] and distributed by Sivaji Films.[37] Ganesan's own Shanti Theatre in Chennai, which released the film, had a 60 feet (18 m) tall banner of a chariot to attract the audience.[38] Ganesan promoted the film by distributing Chakarai Pongal (sweetened rice) to those who came to Shanti to attend the first screening.[39] The film was dubbed in Telugu as Karna, and also in Hindi as Dhaan Veer Karna.[1]

Reception

Critical reception

The critic from The Indian Express wrote on 17 January 1964, "Reproducing the incidents from the Mahabharatha, the film has all the aspects demanded by the subject", adding that Panthulu had not spared any effort to do justice to the theme, and was appreciative of Ganga's art direction and Ramamurthy's cinematography.[40] The critic from Ananda Vikatan wrote that while the film's effort to improve the quality of Tamil cinema quality was praiseworthy, they could not see the dignity of the epic, only the dominance of the extravaganza.[41] In a review dated 8 February 1964, T. M. Ramachandran of Sport and Pastime praised the film's extravaganza but added, "What fundamentally makes a film truly great is its absorbing presentation without a dull moment. This aspect seems to have been lost sight of by the makers."[42] Despite being released theatrically in 1964, the film won the Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Feature Film at the 11th National Film Awards, which honoured films released in 1963.[43]

Box office

In its theatrical run, Karnan completed 100 days in four theatres, including Madurai Thangam (noted as the second largest theatre in Asia during 1964), and Shanthi. In spite of a successful run after completing 80 days, the film was removed from twelve theatres to allow the release of Pachai Vilakku, another Sivaji Ganesan film. At Madurai Thangam, Karnan earned totally ₹186,805.62 after its 14-week run there.[44] Despite the film running for over 100 days in theatres, critics like Baradwaj Rangan and The Times of India's M. Suganth state that the film was a box office failure during its release.[45]

Home media

Karnan was released on DVD by Raj Video Vision.[46] A "5.1 Channel EDS Sound" enhanced version was also released by the same company, featuring English subtitles.[47] Karnan is also included alongside various Sivaji Ganesan-starrers in the compilation DVD 8 Ulaga Adhisayam Sivaji, which was released in May 2012.[48]

Re-release

Karnan made a huge impact on me during my childhood. With the help of technology, I wanted to bring the film back to the big screens to give audiences a taste of the movie's grandeur and valuable message ... Most of our films have become so damaged that we will never be able to see them on the big screen. A classic example is Thillana Mohanambal, whose prints have been totally damaged. I'm happy that I was able to save Karnan which I'm sure will last for 100 more years after this restoration.

 – Shanthi Chokkalingam, in an interview with The Times of India[49]

A digitally restored version of Karnan was released on 16 March 2012,[50] to commemorate the birth centenary of Panthulu.[51] It is the first Tamil film to be fully digitally restored,[52] costing ₹4 million (US$50,000) and consuming an effort of three years.[53] The effort was undertaken by film distributor Shanthi Chokkalingam, who stated, "The sound negative was totally gone and the five to six reels from the picture negative were damaged to a great extent".[49] Shanthi, who had previously re-released many of M. G. Ramachandran's films, chose to re-release Karnan because of "the emphasis it places on friendship and loyalty".[54] The digital restoration of Karnan took place at Sangeetha Sound Studios in Chennai, after a failed attempt with the Mumbai-based Famous Studios, who earlier restored the 1960 Hindi film Mughal-e-Azam.[38] Visual improvements and audio restoration were excessively worked upon, with Shanthi stating that the "biggest challenge was to restore the background score".[16] DVDs were also used to get the sound and music in its original form. To create awareness about the restoration of Karnan, a teaser trailer was launched on 21 February 2012, which received a positive response.[19][55]

The restored version of Karnan which utilised DTS 5.1 surround sound,[16][51] was released in 72 screens across Tamil Nadu,[52] and was released by Shanthi's Divya Films.[50] It was well received upon release, although M. Suganth called the restoration process "far from perfect",[12] and Baradwaj Rangan wrote, "The print occasionally judders, leaving the impression of watching the movie on a screen mounted behind the driver's seat in an auto rickshaw".[56] Taking a big opening, the film collected roughly ₹20 million (US$250,000) in Chennai within the first few weeks,[50] and was later reported to have collected a total of ₹50 million (US$630,000).[57] It had a theatrical run of over 100 days,[15] and having surpassed what it originally managed to collect in its entire 105-day run at Shanthi theatre, the film was officially declared a commercial success.[19] Its success soon established a trend of digitising and re-releasing films in Tamil cinema.[58][59]

Legacy

Karnan was considered a milestone in Tamil cinema as it brought together the then leading actors of South Indian cinema, Sivaji Ganesan and N. T. Rama Rao.[50][53] Along with Ganesan's later film Thiruvilaiyadal (1965), it was responsible for a resurgence in Hindu mythological films, since it was released at a time when Tamil cinema primarily made social films.[60] Actor Y. G. Mahendran said, "Karnan can never be remade. Nobody can replace any of the actors of the 1964 classic, and it would amount to mockery if it is done."[61] Actor Rana Daggubati, in an interview with Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of The Hindu, said that Ganesan's performances as Kattabomman and Karna served as inspirations for his role in Baahubali: The Beginning (2015).[62]

Notes

  1. ^ While the film's runtime is listed in Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema as 177 minutes,[1] the 2012 restored version reviewed by New Straits Times' K. Vijayan is 180 minutes.[2]
  2. ^ a b The exchange rate between 1948 and 1966 was 4.79 Indian rupees (₹) per 1 US dollar (US$).[18]

References

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Bibliography

External links

January 06, 2023
karnan, 1964, film, karnan, pronunciation, help, info, 1964, indian, tamil, language, hindu, mythological, film, produced, directed, panthulu, stars, sivaji, ganesan, leading, ensemble, cast, consisting, rama, ashokan, muthuraman, savitri, devika, rajamma, fil. Karnan pronunciation help info is a 1964 Indian Tamil language Hindu mythological film produced and directed by B R Panthulu It stars Sivaji Ganesan leading an ensemble cast consisting of N T Rama Rao S A Ashokan R Muthuraman Savitri Devika and M V Rajamma The film is based on the story of Karna a character from the Hindu epic Mahabharata KarnanTheatrical release posterDirected byB R PanthuluScreenplay byA S NagarajanSakthi T K KrishnasamyBased onMahabharataProduced byB R PanthuluStarringSivaji GanesanN T Rama RaoSavitriDevikaM V RajammaS A AshokanR MuthuramanCinematographyV RamamurthyEdited byR DevarajanMusic byViswanathan RamamoorthyProductioncompanyPadmini PicturesDistributed bySivaji FilmsRelease date14 January 1964 1964 01 14 Running time177 180 minutes a CountryIndiaLanguageTamilBudgetest 4 millionKarnan which was officially launched in 1963 was shot in palaces at Jaipur and the war sequences were filmed in Kurukshetra which featured several soldiers from the Indian Army The film s original soundtrack was composed by the duo Viswanathan Ramamoorthy while the lyrics were written by Kannadasan The screenplay was written by A S Nagarajan and the dialogues by Sakthi T K Krishnasamy The film was the first in Tamil to be colourised using Eastmancolor Karnan was released on 14 January 1964 during the festival occasion of Pongal The film ran for over 100 days in theatres and later won the Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Feature Film at the 11th National Film Awards It was considered a milestone in Tamil cinema as it brought together the then leading actors of South Indian cinema Ganesan and Rama Rao The film was also partly responsible for a resurgence in films based on Hindu epics in the industry A digitised version of Karnan was released in March 2012 to critical and commercial success Contents 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Production 3 1 Development 3 2 Casting 3 3 Filming 4 Music 5 Release 6 Reception 6 1 Critical reception 6 2 Box office 7 Home media 8 Re release 9 Legacy 10 Notes 11 References 12 Bibliography 13 External linksPlot EditThe unmarried princess Kunti is seen taking away a small coffin with a baby boy she earlier got a boon from Durvasa for her pious service to him Kunti could invoke a mantra and be blessed with a child from any male god of her choice When she tested it playfully she was blessed by the Sun with the baby which she abandons in the Ganges to avoid embarrassment The baby is rescued and adopted by royal charioteer Adhirathan and later named Karnan Years later Karnan feels heartbroken upon realising that Adhirathan is only his adoptive father Not wanting to become a charioteer like him he instead chooses to become a warrior travels to another kingdom and trains there Four years later having mastered archery Karnan returns home At the same time the royal exhibition is held to portray the valour of royal princes who have just completed education from Dronachariar Once there Karnan challenges the Pandava prince Arjunan in an archery contest as everyone there hails Arjunan as the best archer ever Karnan is insulted and refused a chance because of his lowly birth but the Kaurava crown prince and cousin of the Pandavas Duryodhanan saves his pride and crowns Karnan as the king of Anga Karnan thus becomes the close friend of Duryodhanan and his wife Bhanumati One day Indran disguised as a Brahmin approaches Karnan and asks for his armour and ear ornaments as alms to weaken and prevent him from overpowering Arjuna Although aware of Indra s intention Karnan still gives both of the articles that he was born with and which made him invincible Pleased with Karnan s generosity Indra gives him a powerful weapon the Nagastra Disguised as a Brahmin Karnan becomes the student of Parashuramar to acquire the Brahmastra Parashuramar eventually realises that Karnan is a Kshatriya a tribe he opposes Enraged he renders Karnan incapable of using the Brahmastra when most needed and banishes him Karnan later saves princess Subhangi from an uncontrolled chariot they fall in love and eventually marry A few years later Krishnan a supporter of the Pandavas learns about Karnan s true background He tells Kunti that Karnan is her first born son Karnan also learns about his birth later Kunti meets Karnan and gets two wishes from him one that he will not attack any of her sons the Pandavas except Arjunan during the impending Kurukshetra War and that he will attack Arjunan with the Nagastra only once Karnan refuses to join the Pandavas and remains the friend of their enemy Duryodhanan Before the war begins Duryodhanan s ministers assemble to appoint the commanders of the army divisions Bhishmar is appointed the Commander and he starts nominating generals for different battalions Karnan is insulted because of his lowly birth and given the command of a low rank infantry The war begins and in the early days Bhishma retires and Karnan replaces him The following day Karnan goes to war accompanied by his son Vrishasenan who fights bravely but is killed by Arjunan The next day Karnan tries to kill Arjunan with the Nagastra but Krishnan prevents the weapon from hurting him Since Karnan cannot use the Nagastra more than once he is unable to kill Arjunan A wheel of his chariot gets stuck in a hole and he steps down to relieve it Under Krishnan s direction Arjunan shoots multiple arrows at Karnan that severely wound him but Karnan still stays alive Krishnan tells a shocked Arjunan that the Dharma that Karnan performed during his lifetime was protecting his life Krishnan disguises as a Brahmin goes to Karnan and asks him his virtues as donation Karnan generously donates all his virtues to the Brahmin Arjunan then shoots a few more arrows at Karnan that kill him The Pandavas who realise that Karnan was their eldest brother mourn his death Kunti does the same while Subhangi dies traumatised by her husband s death Arjunan remorses killing Karnan until Krishnan reveals that the curses by Indran and Parashuramar were also responsible for his death The film ends with Karnan meeting his father the Sun in the afterlife Cast EditCast according to the opening credits of the film 3 Sivaji Ganesan as Karnan N T Rama Rao as Krishnan Savithri Ganesh as Duryodhanan s wife Bhanumati Devika as Karnan s wife Subhangi M V Rajamma as Kunti Devi Ashokan as Duryodhanan Muthuraman as Arjunan O A K Thevar as Kanagan Javar Seetharaman as Bhishmar Muthaiah as Shakuni K Natarajan as Charioteer Adhirathan Mustafa as Kripachariar Veerasami as Dronachariar R Balasubramaniam as Parashuramar V S Raghavan as Vidurar S V Ramadas as Indran S A G Sami as Dhritarashtran Kannan as Sanjayan Prem Kumar as Dharuman Sandow Indrajith as Bhiman Thangaraj as Nakulan Chinnaiah as Sahadevan Shanmuga Sundaram as Shallian K V Srinivasan as Sage Master Sridhar as Meghanathan Master Suresh as Vrishasenan Master Babu as Vrishasenan first Prabhakar Reddy as Suryan Sobhan Babu as Chandran Sriram as Iyer Samikannu as Iyer Stunt Somu as Ghatotkachan Pazha Selva Raj as Durmukhan Kuladeivam Rajagopal as Kabandhan Professor Ramamurthi as the archery expert Sandhya as Kanagan s wife Rukmani as Adhirathan s wife Radhai G Sakunthala as Friend Mangala Jayanthi as Draupadi Kalpana as Fairy Goddess Rajeswari as Friend Satyavati K V Saroja as Young KuntiProduction EditDevelopment Edit Karnan was the first film to be shot at the Bangalore Palace Karnan is based on the life of the character Karna from the Hindu epic Mahabharata 4 2 and was officially launched in 1963 at Vijaya Studios in Chennai 5 B R Panthulu who directed and produced the film under the banner Padmini Pictures 6 had collected most of his information from scholars Kripananda Variar and Anantarama Dikshitar 7 The film s art director was Ganga and the cinematographer was V Ramamurthy 8 Sakthi T K Krishnasamy wrote the dialogues and A S Nagarajan wrote the screenplay 9 R Devarajan was the editor 10 Casting Edit Sivaji Ganesan was cast in the title role Telugu actor N T Rama Rao as Krishnan and R Muthuraman as Arjunan 11 Actresses Devika and Savitri were cast in the female lead roles and S A Ashokan as Karna s friend Duryodhanan 12 13 The role of Karna s mother Kunti was portrayed by M V Rajamma 14 and actress Sandhya played Karna s mother in law 15 Other supporting cast members included actor Shanmugasundaram as the charioteer Salliya Chakravarthy V S Raghavan as Vidhurar actresses Kalpana and Jayanthi 8 and the then six year old Master Sridhar as Meganathan an orphan who meets Karnan after being accused of setting fire to a school 16 Actor K V Srinivasan played a minor role as the sage who christens the lead character as Karnan He also dubbed for the voice of Rama Rao after Ganesan s insistence with Panthulu 17 Filming Edit Karnan was filmed with an estimated budget of 4 million valued at about US 840 000 84 in 1964 b 19 The high cost of the film was attributed to the transportation costs incurred to move chariots from Chennai to Kurukshetra where the war sequences were filmed Permission from the government was sought cavalry and infantry from the Indian Army were brought to the locations at Kurukshetra and the first rows of the charging armies on horses and elephants had soldiers from the Indian Army 20 The battle scenes were shot with troupes of the 61 Cavalry Regiment using 80 elephants 400 horses and three cameras 21 Other scenes were shot at palaces in Jaipur 20 Sridhar finished his long scene in one take and was paid 1000 valued at about US 210 in 1964 b for the performance 16 Shooting for Karnan also took place at the Bangalore Palace in the Cantonment area making it the first film to be shot there 22 In 2012 Panthulu s son Ravishankar revealed that a few shots involving Ganesan and Rama Rao took as many as four days to shoot because of the large number of personnel involved 23 After the release of Karnan all the chariots made for the war sequences in Kurukshetra were donated to the Brihadisvara Temple Thanjavur 19 The film was processed at Filmcenter in Bombay 6 and was the first Tamil film to be colourised using Eastmancolor 24 Its final length was 4 876 metres 15 997 ft 25 Music EditViswanathan Ramamoorthy a duo consisting of M S Viswanathan and T K Ramamoorthy composed the music of Karnan while the lyrics were written by Kannadasan 26 27 The songs were recorded using various instruments like Sarangi Santoor Shehnai Dilruba and others that were rarely used in Tamil films 20 The songs Ullathil Nalla Ullam and Aayiram Karangal were written first and tuned later for the other songs Kannadasan wrote lines to fit the tune He completed all the lyrics for the songs in two days 28 The entire soundtrack was completed within three days 29 The songs are set in various Hindustani and Carnatic ragas En Uyir Thozhi is set in Hamir Kalyani 30 Maharajan in Kharaharapriya 31 Kangal Engey in Suddha Dhanyasi 32 Iravum Nilavum in Shuddha Sarang 33 Ullathil Nalla Ullam in Ahir Bhairav 34 Poi Vaa Magale in Anandabhairavi 35 Kannuku Kulam Yedu in Pahadi and Naanichivandhana in Darbari Kanada 36 Track listNo TitleSinger s Length1 En Uyir Thozhi P Susheela3 452 Iravum Nilavum T M Soundararajan P Susheela3 473 Kangal Engey P Susheela4 534 Kannuku Kulam Yedu P Susheela4 095 Maharajan T M Soundararajan P Susheela3 226 Mazhai Kodukkum Trichy Loganathan Sirkazhi Govindarajan6 567 Manjal Mugam P Susheela4 248 Maranathai Eni Sirkazhi Govindarajan3 049 Poi Vaa Magale Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi3 4410 Ullathil Nalla Ullam Sirkazhi Govindarajan3 5111 Naanichivandhana Thiruchi Loganathan1 1512 Parithraannaaya Sirkazhi Govindarajan0 4213 Aayiram Karangal Neeti T M Soundararajan Sirkazhi Govindarajan Thiruchi Loganathan P B Sreenivas1 2714 Ennakoduppan P B Sreenivas1 3115 Malargal Sutti P Susheela1 1916 Mannavar Porulkalai T M Soundararajan2 4717 Nilavum Malarum T M Soundararajan P Susheela3 43Release EditKarnan was released on 14 January 1964 during the festival occasion of Pongal 11 and distributed by Sivaji Films 37 Ganesan s own Shanti Theatre in Chennai which released the film had a 60 feet 18 m tall banner of a chariot to attract the audience 38 Ganesan promoted the film by distributing Chakarai Pongal sweetened rice to those who came to Shanti to attend the first screening 39 The film was dubbed in Telugu as Karna and also in Hindi as Dhaan Veer Karna 1 Reception EditCritical reception Edit The critic from The Indian Express wrote on 17 January 1964 Reproducing the incidents from the Mahabharatha the film has all the aspects demanded by the subject adding that Panthulu had not spared any effort to do justice to the theme and was appreciative of Ganga s art direction and Ramamurthy s cinematography 40 The critic from Ananda Vikatan wrote that while the film s effort to improve the quality of Tamil cinema quality was praiseworthy they could not see the dignity of the epic only the dominance of the extravaganza 41 In a review dated 8 February 1964 T M Ramachandran of Sport and Pastime praised the film s extravaganza but added What fundamentally makes a film truly great is its absorbing presentation without a dull moment This aspect seems to have been lost sight of by the makers 42 Despite being released theatrically in 1964 the film won the Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Feature Film at the 11th National Film Awards which honoured films released in 1963 43 Box office Edit In its theatrical run Karnan completed 100 days in four theatres including Madurai Thangam noted as the second largest theatre in Asia during 1964 and Shanthi In spite of a successful run after completing 80 days the film was removed from twelve theatres to allow the release of Pachai Vilakku another Sivaji Ganesan film At Madurai Thangam Karnan earned totally 186 805 62 after its 14 week run there 44 Despite the film running for over 100 days in theatres critics like Baradwaj Rangan and The Times of India s M Suganth state that the film was a box office failure during its release 45 Home media EditKarnan was released on DVD by Raj Video Vision 46 A 5 1 Channel EDS Sound enhanced version was also released by the same company featuring English subtitles 47 Karnan is also included alongside various Sivaji Ganesan starrers in the compilation DVD 8 Ulaga Adhisayam Sivaji which was released in May 2012 48 Re release EditKarnan made a huge impact on me during my childhood With the help of technology I wanted to bring the film back to the big screens to give audiences a taste of the movie s grandeur and valuable message Most of our films have become so damaged that we will never be able to see them on the big screen A classic example is Thillana Mohanambal whose prints have been totally damaged I m happy that I was able to save Karnan which I m sure will last for 100 more years after this restoration Shanthi Chokkalingam in an interview with The Times of India 49 A digitally restored version of Karnan was released on 16 March 2012 50 to commemorate the birth centenary of Panthulu 51 It is the first Tamil film to be fully digitally restored 52 costing 4 million US 50 000 and consuming an effort of three years 53 The effort was undertaken by film distributor Shanthi Chokkalingam who stated The sound negative was totally gone and the five to six reels from the picture negative were damaged to a great extent 49 Shanthi who had previously re released many of M G Ramachandran s films chose to re release Karnan because of the emphasis it places on friendship and loyalty 54 The digital restoration of Karnan took place at Sangeetha Sound Studios in Chennai after a failed attempt with the Mumbai based Famous Studios who earlier restored the 1960 Hindi film Mughal e Azam 38 Visual improvements and audio restoration were excessively worked upon with Shanthi stating that the biggest challenge was to restore the background score 16 DVDs were also used to get the sound and music in its original form To create awareness about the restoration of Karnan a teaser trailer was launched on 21 February 2012 which received a positive response 19 55 The restored version of Karnan which utilised DTS 5 1 surround sound 16 51 was released in 72 screens across Tamil Nadu 52 and was released by Shanthi s Divya Films 50 It was well received upon release although M Suganth called the restoration process far from perfect 12 and Baradwaj Rangan wrote The print occasionally judders leaving the impression of watching the movie on a screen mounted behind the driver s seat in an auto rickshaw 56 Taking a big opening the film collected roughly 20 million US 250 000 in Chennai within the first few weeks 50 and was later reported to have collected a total of 50 million US 630 000 57 It had a theatrical run of over 100 days 15 and having surpassed what it originally managed to collect in its entire 105 day run at Shanthi theatre the film was officially declared a commercial success 19 Its success soon established a trend of digitising and re releasing films in Tamil cinema 58 59 Legacy EditKarnan was considered a milestone in Tamil cinema as it brought together the then leading actors of South Indian cinema Sivaji Ganesan and N T Rama Rao 50 53 Along with Ganesan s later film Thiruvilaiyadal 1965 it was responsible for a resurgence in Hindu mythological films since it was released at a time when Tamil cinema primarily made social films 60 Actor Y G Mahendran said Karnan can never be remade Nobody can replace any of the actors of the 1964 classic and it would amount to mockery if it is done 61 Actor Rana Daggubati in an interview with Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of The Hindu said that Ganesan s performances as Kattabomman and Karna served as inspirations for his role in Baahubali The Beginning 2015 62 Notes Edit While the film s runtime is listed in Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema as 177 minutes 1 the 2012 restored version reviewed by New Straits Times K Vijayan is 180 minutes 2 a b The exchange rate between 1948 and 1966 was 4 79 Indian rupees per 1 US dollar US 18 References Edit a b Rajadhyaksha amp Willemen 1998 p 380 a b Vijayan K N 9 August 2012 CINEMA Sivaji still drawing them in New Straits Times Archived from the original on 21 February 2013 Retrieved 29 October 2012 Karnan motion picture in Tamil India Padmini Pictures 1964 From 4 53 to 5 24 Karnan to re release on March 16 Sify 12 March 2012 Archived from the original on 11 April 2013 Retrieved 3 February 2013 C N R 10 February 1963 The Growing Burden Of Taxation The Illustrated Weekly of India Vol 84 Part 1 p 124 Archived from the original on 23 March 2022 Retrieved 11 October 2020 a b Karnan The New Indian Express 14 January 1964 p 14 Retrieved 15 May 2019 Arunachalam 1981 p 51 a b Rangarajan Malathi 15 March 2012 Karnan rules The Hindu Archived from the original on 8 February 2013 Retrieved 16 March 2012 Karnan motion picture in Tamil India Padmini Pictures 1964 From 4 46 to 4 50 Karnan motion picture in Tamil India Padmini Pictures 1964 Event occurs at 5 54 a b Tamil film Karnan completes 150 days Rediff com 7 August 2012 Archived from the original on 1 February 2013 Retrieved 8 August 2012 a b Suganth M 16 March 2012 Karnan movie review The Times of India Archived from the original on 26 January 2013 Retrieved 24 March 2012 It s the 100th day celebration for Karnan The Times of India 15 June 2012 Archived from the original on 3 January 2013 Retrieved 23 June 2012 Rajadhyaksha amp Willemen 1998 p 381 a b Subramanian Anupama 21 June 2012 Digital magic takes Karnan to 100 days Deccan Chronicle Archived from the original on 29 June 2012 Retrieved 17 February 2013 a b c d Teched up Karnan to hit screens The Times of India 16 March 2012 Archived from the original on 26 January 2013 Retrieved 16 March 2012 Rangarajan Malathi 12 April 2012 Over to the voice The Hindu Archived from the original on 11 April 2013 Retrieved 8 July 2012 Rupee s journey since Independence Down by 65 times against dollar The Economic Times 24 August 2013 Archived from the original on 29 August 2013 Retrieved 30 August 2013 a b c d Govardan D 1 April 2012 The reincarnation of Karnan Financial Chronicle Archived from the original on 9 May 2012 Retrieved 3 August 2012 a b c Rangarajan Malathi 2 February 2012 A 100 goes unsung The Hindu Archived from the original on 5 January 2013 Retrieved 29 February 2012 Khajane Muralidhara 23 July 2010 A born showman The Hindu Archived from the original on 8 July 2013 Retrieved 12 March 2013 When The Maharaja Did Not Want To Meet Sivaji Ganesan Behindwoods 16 March 2012 Archived from the original on 17 January 2013 Retrieved 12 July 2012 Cheran challenges film makers to remake a Sivaji classic Behindwoods Archived from the original on 17 January 2013 Retrieved 8 July 2012 த னதய ளன ப 21 October 2016 த வ க 7 நட கர த லகத த டன Devi 7 With the pride of actors Dinamani in Tamil Archived from the original on 21 June 2022 Retrieved 21 June 2022 Karnann Tamil Eastman colour 35 mm India The Gazette of India 11 July 1964 p 264 Karnan 1964 Raaga com Archived from the original on 23 August 2013 Retrieved 6 February 2013 Karnan Tamil Film LP Vinyl Record by Viswanathan Ramamoorthy Mossymart Archived from the original on 25 October 2021 Retrieved 25 October 2021 Krishnamachari Suganthy 5 August 2016 His lyrics held a mirror to life The Hindu Archived from the original on 30 August 2016 Retrieved 30 August 2016 Chitra R Karnan comes back to win hearts Chennai Live News Archived from the original on 6 August 2013 Retrieved 6 August 2013 Mani Charulatha 13 September 2013 The joy of Hamirkalyani The Hindu Archived from the original on 26 March 2016 Retrieved 26 March 2016 Mani Charulatha 13 April 2012 Kingly Kharaharapriya The Hindu Archived from the original on 7 June 2015 Retrieved 7 June 2015 Mani Charulatha 9 December 2011 A Raga s Journey Soulful Suddhadhanyasi The Hindu Archived from the original on 26 March 2016 Retrieved 26 March 2016 Mani Charulatha 1 February 2013 Call of the swan The Hindu Archived from the original on 26 March 2016 Retrieved 26 March 2016 Jeyaraj D B S 24 July 2015 Mellisai Mannargal M S Viswanathan and T K Ramamurthy the Monarchs of Light Music in Tamil cinema DBSJeyaraj com Archived from the original on 12 October 2016 Retrieved 12 October 2016 Mani Charulatha 28 October 2011 A Raga s Journey The allure of Anandabhairavi The Hindu Archived from the original on 21 October 2016 Retrieved 21 October 2016 Kumar V S 2001 The Little Known Music Of Karnan Sruti Archived from the original on 23 March 2022 Retrieved 11 October 2020 Karnan The Indian Express 1 January 1964 p 10 Retrieved 5 August 2021 a b Narayanan Sharadha 17 February 2012 In Karnan Mughal E Azam has serious competition The New Indian Express Archived from the original on 30 January 2013 Retrieved 25 June 2012 Subramanian Anupama 21 July 2014 Sivaji appa lives with us through his fans Prabhu Deccan Chronicle Archived from the original on 7 October 2015 Retrieved 7 October 2015 Karnan in colour opens The Indian Express 17 January 1964 p 3 Retrieved 30 April 2019 ச ன ம வ மர சனம கர ணன Ananda Vikatan in Tamil c 1964 Ramachandran T M 8 February 1964 Karnan fails to satisfy Sport and Pastime Vol 18 p 50 State Awards for Films PDF Directorate of Film Festivals 25 April 1964 p 25 Archived PDF from the original on 9 June 2019 Retrieved 9 June 2019 கர ணன படம கண ட வச ல The film Karnan s collections in Tamil Madurai Thangam 22 April 1964 Archived from the original on 25 April 2014 Retrieved 25 April 2014 Suganth M 18 July 2012 Karnan to release in the US on July 27 The Times of India Archived from the original on 11 April 2013 Retrieved 16 February 2013 Karnan Tamil dvd with English Subtitles Direct from Manafacturer Amazon com Archived from the original on 21 May 2016 Retrieved 11 March 2013 Karnan Original Tamil DVD With English Subtitles Completely Boxed And Sealed Direct From Manafacturer sic With 5 1 Channel EDS Sound 1964 Amazon Archived from the original on 29 April 2013 Retrieved 23 March 2013 V Iyer Aruna 12 May 2012 For the love of Sivaji The Hindu Archived from the original on 11 April 2013 Retrieved 11 March 2013 a b M Suganth 20 February 2012 Karnan Old wine in new bottle The Times of India Archived from the original on 3 January 2013 Retrieved 23 February 2012 a b c d Madhavan D 12 June 2012 Born again Sivaji s Karnan nears century keeps audience thrilled The Times of India Archived from the original on 3 January 2013 Retrieved 18 June 2012 a b Rangarajan Malathi 25 February 2012 Karnan Calling The Hindu Archived from the original on 12 April 2013 Retrieved 16 March 2012 a b Raman Mohan 14 April 2012 Master of mythological cinema The Hindu Archived from the original on 11 April 2013 Retrieved 18 April 2012 a b Narayanan Sharadha 17 February 2012 Sivaji Ganesan s Karnan set for digital re run IBN Live Archived from the original on 26 January 2013 Retrieved 23 February 2012 Srinivasan Meera 30 July 2011 Karnan set to come back digitally dazzling The Hindu Archived from the original on 4 February 2013 Retrieved 15 March 2012 Digital trailer of Sivaji classic Karnan launched Sify 22 February 2012 Archived from the original on 2 February 2013 Retrieved 8 July 2012 Rangan Baradwaj 16 March 2012 Lights Camera Conversation The granddaddy of bromance The Hindu Archived from the original on 11 April 2013 Retrieved 24 June 2012 ச வ ஜ ய ன கர ணன ர 5 க ட வச ல Sivaji s Karnan makes a profit of Rs 5 crores Maalai Malar in Tamil 16 June 2012 Archived from the original on 14 May 2017 Retrieved 14 May 2017 Chitra B 29 April 2012 Old favourites Deccan Herald Archived from the original on 21 January 2013 Retrieved 12 July 2012 Re Release is the new trend in Kollywood Sify 23 March 2012 Archived from the original on 2 February 2013 Retrieved 24 March 2012 Saraswathi S 22 May 2014 The Best Mythological Films of Tamil Cinema Rediff com Archived from the original on 19 January 2018 Retrieved 4 January 2019 Karnan celebrates 150 days Sify Archived from the original on 16 February 2013 Retrieved 3 February 2013 Dundoo Sangeetha Devi 2 April 2015 On a warrior mode The Hindu Archived from the original on 6 April 2015 Retrieved 6 April 2015 Bibliography EditArunachalam M 1981 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference Seminar of Tamil Studies International Association of Tamil Research Rajadhyaksha Ashish Willemen Paul 1998 1994 Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema British Film Institute and Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 563579 5 External links EditKarnan at IMDb Karnan at Rotten Tomatoes Portals Film 1960s Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Karnan 1964 film amp oldid 1124919441, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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