The Indian santoor instrument is a trapezoid-shaped hammered dulcimer, and a variation of the Iraniansantur.[1] The instrument is generally made of walnut and has 25 bridges. Each bridge has 4 strings, making for a total of 100 strings. It is a traditional instrument in Jammu and Kashmir, and dates back to ancient times. It was called Shatha Tantri Veena in ancient Sanskrit texts.
In ancient Sanskrit texts, it has been referred to as shatatantri vina (100-stringed vina).[2] In Kashmir the santoor was used to accompany folk music. It is played in a style of music known as the Sufiana Mausiqi. Some researchers slot it as an improvised version of a primitive instrument played in the Mesopotamian times (1600–900 B.C.)[3]Sufi mystics used it as an accompaniment to their hymns.[citation needed] In Indian santoor playing, the specially-shaped mallets (mezrab) are lightweight and are held between the index and middle fingers. A typical santoor has two sets of bridges, providing a range of three octaves. The Indian santoor is more rectangular and can have more strings than its Persian counterpart, which generally has 72 strings. Musical instruments very similar to the santoor are traditionally used all over the world.
Characteristics
The trapezoid framework is generally made out of either walnut or maple wood. The top and bottom boards sometimes can be either plywood or veneer. On the top board, also known as the soundboard, wooden bridges are placed, in order to seat stretched metal strings across. The strings, grouped in units of 3 or 4, are tied on nails or pins on the left side of the instrument and are stretched over the sound board on top of the bridges to the right side. On the right side there are steel tuning pegs or tuning pins, as they are commonly known, that allows tuning each unit of strings to a desired musical note or a frequency or a pitch.
Technique
The santoor is played while sitting in an asana called ardha-padmasana and placing it on the lap. While being played, the broad side is closer to the waist of the musician and the shorter side is away from the musician. It is played with a pair of light wooden mallets held with both hands. The santoor is a delicate instrument and sensitive to light strokes and glides. The strokes are played always on the strings either closer to the bridges or a little away from bridges: the styles result in different tones. Strokes by one hand can be muffled by the other hand by using the face of the palm to create variety.
^Heydarian, Peyman; Reiss, Joshua (2005). Persian Music and the Santur Instrument. Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK: University of London. pp. 524–527.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
^. The Hindu. 2005-02-27. Archived from the original on 2005-03-05. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
^"How All did the Soporis improvise their Folk instrument". Outlook India. 22 September 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
^"Our wishes to India's single female Santoor player Dr. Varsha Agrawal (born 29 Jan 1967)". January 28, 2013.
^Shade, Chinar (April 14, 2015). "CHINAR SHADE : USTAAD MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH TIBETBAQAL ( 1914-1982) SUFIANA MUSICIAN FROM KASHMIR".
^"Artist - Harjinder Pal Singh (Santoor), Gharana - None". www.swarganga.org.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Indian santoor.
August 29, 2023
santoor, persian, instrument, santur, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, schol. For the Persian instrument see Santur This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Santoor news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Indian santoor instrument is a trapezoid shaped hammered dulcimer and a variation of the Iranian santur 1 The instrument is generally made of walnut and has 25 bridges Each bridge has 4 strings making for a total of 100 strings It is a traditional instrument in Jammu and Kashmir and dates back to ancient times It was called Shatha Tantri Veena in ancient Sanskrit texts Indian santoor musician Contents 1 Development 2 Characteristics 3 Technique 4 Notable players 5 References 6 External linksDevelopmentIn ancient Sanskrit texts it has been referred to as shatatantri vina 100 stringed vina 2 In Kashmir the santoor was used to accompany folk music It is played in a style of music known as the Sufiana Mausiqi Some researchers slot it as an improvised version of a primitive instrument played in the Mesopotamian times 1600 900 B C 3 Sufi mystics used it as an accompaniment to their hymns citation needed In Indian santoor playing the specially shaped mallets mezrab are lightweight and are held between the index and middle fingers A typical santoor has two sets of bridges providing a range of three octaves The Indian santoor is more rectangular and can have more strings than its Persian counterpart which generally has 72 strings Musical instruments very similar to the santoor are traditionally used all over the world CharacteristicsThe trapezoid framework is generally made out of either walnut or maple wood The top and bottom boards sometimes can be either plywood or veneer On the top board also known as the soundboard wooden bridges are placed in order to seat stretched metal strings across The strings grouped in units of 3 or 4 are tied on nails or pins on the left side of the instrument and are stretched over the sound board on top of the bridges to the right side On the right side there are steel tuning pegs or tuning pins as they are commonly known that allows tuning each unit of strings to a desired musical note or a frequency or a pitch TechniqueThe santoor is played while sitting in an asana called ardha padmasana and placing it on the lap While being played the broad side is closer to the waist of the musician and the shorter side is away from the musician It is played with a pair of light wooden mallets held with both hands The santoor is a delicate instrument and sensitive to light strokes and glides The strokes are played always on the strings either closer to the bridges or a little away from bridges the styles result in different tones Strokes by one hand can be muffled by the other hand by using the face of the palm to create variety Notable playersUlhas Bapat 1950 2018 Tarun Bhattacharya b 1957 Rahul Sharma b 1972 Shivkumar Sharma 1938 2022 Abhay Sopori Bhajan Sopori 1948 2022 R Visweswaran 1944 2007 Varsha Agrawal b 1967 4 Mohammad Tibet Baqal 1914 1982 5 Harjinder Pal Singh b 1953 6 Areti Ketime b 1989 References Heydarian Peyman Reiss Joshua 2005 Persian Music and the Santur Instrument Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK University of London pp 524 527 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location link Magazine Culture Santoor magic The Hindu 2005 02 27 Archived from the original on 2005 03 05 Retrieved 2012 07 08 How All did the Soporis improvise their Folk instrument Outlook India 22 September 2017 Retrieved 14 April 2018 Our wishes to India s single female Santoor player Dr Varsha Agrawal born 29 Jan 1967 January 28 2013 Shade Chinar April 14 2015 CHINAR SHADE USTAAD MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH TIBETBAQAL 1914 1982 SUFIANA MUSICIAN FROM KASHMIR Artist Harjinder Pal Singh Santoor Gharana None www swarganga org External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Indian santoor Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Santoor amp oldid 1159523630, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
