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According to some musicians,[who?] the word sarangi is a combination of two words: seh ('three' in Persian) and rangi ('coloured' in Persian) or Persian sad-rangi, sad for 'hundred' in Persian ('hundred coloured) corrupted as sarangi.[citation needed] The term seh-rangi represents the three melody strings. However, the most common folk etymology is that sarangi is derived from sol rang ('a hundred colours') indicating its adaptability to many styles of vocal music, its flexible tunability, and its ability to produce a large palette of tonal colour and emotional nuance.
The repertoire of sarangi players is traditionally very closely related to vocal music. Nevertheless, a concert with a solo sarangi as the main item will sometimes include a full-scale raag presentation with an extensive alap (the unmeasured improvisatory development of the raga) in increasing intensity (alap to jor to jhala) and several compositions in increasing tempo called bandish. As such, it could be seen as being on a par with other instrumental styles such as sitar, sarod, and bansuri.
It is rare to find a sarangi player who does not know the words of many classical compositions.[citation needed] The words are usually mentally present during the performance, and a performance almost always adheres to the conventions of vocal performances including the organisational structure, the types of elaboration, the tempo, the relationship between sound and silence, and the presentation of khyal and thumri compositions. The vocal quality of sarangi is in a separate category from, for instance, the so-called gayaki-ang of sitar which attempts to imitate the nuances of khyal while overall conforming to the structures and usually keeping to the gat compositions of instrumental music. (A gat is a composition set to a cyclic rhythm.)
The Nepali Sarangi is also a traditional stringed musical instrument of Nepal, commonly played by the Gaine or Gandarbha ethnic group but the form and repertoire of sarangi is more towards the folk music as compared to the heavy and classical form of the repertoire in India. In Nepal, the sarangi is viewed as an iconic musical instrument to identify the Gandarbha people.
Structureedit
A sarangi laid flat
Carved from a single block of tun (red cedar) wood, the sarangi has a box-like shape with three hollow chambers: pet ('stomach'), chaati ('chest') and magaj ('brain'). It is usually around 2 feet (0.61 m) long and around 6 inches (150 mm) wide, though it can vary as there are smaller as well as larger variant sarangis as well.The smaller ones are more stable in hand. The lower resonance chamber or pet is covered with parchment made out of goat skin on which a strip of thick leather is placed around the waist (and nailed on the back of the chamber) which supports the elephant-shaped bridge that is usually made of camel or buffalo bone. (Originally, it was made of ivory or Barasingha bone but now that is rare due to the ban in India). The bridge in turn supports the huge pressure of approximately 35–37 sympathetic steel or brass strings and three main gut strings that pass through it. The three main playing strings – the comparatively thicker gut strings – are bowed with a heavy horsehair bow and stopped not with the fingertips but with the nails, cuticles, and surrounding flesh. Talcum powder is applied to the fingers as a lubricant. The neck has ivory or bone platforms on which the fingers slide. The remaining strings are sympathetic, or tarabs, numbering up to around 35–37, divided into four choirs having two sets of pegs, one on the right and one on the top. On the inside is a chromatically tuned row of 15 tarabs and on the right a diatonic row of nine tarabs each encompassing a full octave, plus one to three extra surrounding notes above or below the octave. Both these sets of tarabs pass from the main bridge to the right side set of pegs through small holes in the chaati supported by hollow ivory/bone beads. Between these inner tarabs and on either side of the main playing strings lie two more sets of longer tarabs, with five to six strings on the right set and six to seven strings on the left set. They pass from the main bridge over to two small, flat, wide, table-like bridges through the additional bridge towards the second peg set on top of the instrument. These are tuned to the important tones (swaras) of the raga. A properly tuned sarangi will hum and cry and will sound like melodious meowing, with tones played on any of the main strings eliciting echo-like resonances. A few sarangis use strings manufactured from the intestines of goats.
Pakistanedit
The sarangi is a Mughal-era musical instrument. Its usage has been declining in Pakistan since the 1980s, as a result of the deaths of several master players and its high cost - around Rs. 120,000/- (US$400).[1]
^"Sound of Mughal-era sarangi instrument fading away in Pakistan". The Express Tribune. 2022-04-08. Retrieved 2022-04-08.
Further readingedit
Bor, Joep, 1987: "The Voice of the Sarangi", comprising National Centre for the Performing Arts Quarterly Journal 15 (3–4), December 1986 and March 1987 (special combined issue), Bombay: NCPA
Magriel, Nicolas, 1991 Sarangi Style in North Indian Music (published Ph.D. thesis), London: University of London, available on amazon.com
Qureshi, Regula Burckhardt, 1997: “The Indian Sarangi: Sound of Affect, Site of Contest”, Yearbook for Traditional Music, pp. 1–38
Sorrell, Neil (with Ram Narayan), 1980: Indian Music in Performance, Bolton: Manchester University Press
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sarangis.
Resham Firiri A popular Nepali folk music with a Sarangi and madal.
sarangi.info – downloadable sarangi and vocal music, including the integral of two important books, The Voice of the Sarangi by Joep Bor and Indian Music in Performance and Practice by Ram Narayan and Neil Sorrell.
Growing into Music – includes several films by Nicolas Magriel on Indian musical enculturation including films about the sarangi players, Farooq Latif Khan (b. 1975), Sarwar Hussain Khan (b. 1981), Mohammed Ali Khan, Sarangi (d. 2002), Ghulam Sabir Qadri (1922-), Vidya Sahai Mishra (d. 2019), Siddiqui Ahmed Khan (1914-), Ghulam Sabir Khan (b. 1948), Murad Ali (b. 1977), Faiyaz Khan (Varanasi), Zakan Khan (Varanasi) and Kanhaiyalal Mishra (Varanasi).
Sarangi, Gujarat, 19th century
Sarangi, ca. 1900
Sarangi, North India, late 19th century
January 01, 1970
sarangi, nepali, instrument, nepali, village, iran, iran, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, ple. For the Nepali instrument see Sarangi Nepali For the village in Iran see Sarangi Iran This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Sarangi news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article should specify the language of its non English content using lang transliteration for transliterated languages and IPA for phonetic transcriptions with an appropriate ISO 639 code Wikipedia s multilingual support templates may also be used See why August 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message The sarangi is a bowed short necked three stringed instrument played in traditional music from South Asia Punjabi folk music Rajasthani folk music Sindhi folk music and Boro folk music there known as the serja in Pakistan India and Bangladesh It is said to most resemble the sound of the human voice through its ability to imitate vocal ornaments such as gamaks shakes and meends sliding movements The Nepalese sarangi is similar but is a folk instrument unornate and four stringed SarangiClassificationChordophoneRelated instrumentsSarinda Taus Dilruba Esraj Dhantara Nepali Sarangi Contents 1 History 2 Structure 3 Pakistan 4 Notable performers 4 1 Sarangi players in India 4 2 Sarangi players in Pakistan 4 3 Other sarangi players 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksHistory edit nbsp Surjeet Singh tuning his Sarangi According to some musicians who the word sarangi is a combination of two words seh three in Persian and rangi coloured in Persian or Persian sad rangi sad for hundred in Persian hundred coloured corrupted as sarangi citation needed The term seh rangi represents the three melody strings However the most common folk etymology is that sarangi is derived from sol rang a hundred colours indicating its adaptability to many styles of vocal music its flexible tunability and its ability to produce a large palette of tonal colour and emotional nuance The repertoire of sarangi players is traditionally very closely related to vocal music Nevertheless a concert with a solo sarangi as the main item will sometimes include a full scale raag presentation with an extensive alap the unmeasured improvisatory development of the raga in increasing intensity alap to jor to jhala and several compositions in increasing tempo called bandish As such it could be seen as being on a par with other instrumental styles such as sitar sarod and bansuri It is rare to find a sarangi player who does not know the words of many classical compositions citation needed The words are usually mentally present during the performance and a performance almost always adheres to the conventions of vocal performances including the organisational structure the types of elaboration the tempo the relationship between sound and silence and the presentation of khyal and thumri compositions The vocal quality of sarangi is in a separate category from for instance the so called gayaki ang of sitar which attempts to imitate the nuances of khyal while overall conforming to the structures and usually keeping to the gat compositions of instrumental music A gat is a composition set to a cyclic rhythm The Nepali Sarangi is also a traditional stringed musical instrument of Nepal commonly played by the Gaine or Gandarbha ethnic group but the form and repertoire of sarangi is more towards the folk music as compared to the heavy and classical form of the repertoire in India In Nepal the sarangi is viewed as an iconic musical instrument to identify the Gandarbha people Structure edit nbsp A sarangi laid flat Carved from a single block of tun red cedar wood the sarangi has a box like shape with three hollow chambers pet stomach chaati chest and magaj brain It is usually around 2 feet 0 61 m long and around 6 inches 150 mm wide though it can vary as there are smaller as well as larger variant sarangis as well The smaller ones are more stable in hand The lower resonance chamber or pet is covered with parchment made out of goat skin on which a strip of thick leather is placed around the waist and nailed on the back of the chamber which supports the elephant shaped bridge that is usually made of camel or buffalo bone Originally it was made of ivory or Barasingha bone but now that is rare due to the ban in India The bridge in turn supports the huge pressure of approximately 35 37 sympathetic steel or brass strings and three main gut strings that pass through it The three main playing strings the comparatively thicker gut strings are bowed with a heavy horsehair bow and stopped not with the fingertips but with the nails cuticles and surrounding flesh Talcum powder is applied to the fingers as a lubricant The neck has ivory or bone platforms on which the fingers slide The remaining strings are sympathetic or tarabs numbering up to around 35 37 divided into four choirs having two sets of pegs one on the right and one on the top On the inside is a chromatically tuned row of 15 tarabs and on the right a diatonic row of nine tarabs each encompassing a full octave plus one to three extra surrounding notes above or below the octave Both these sets of tarabs pass from the main bridge to the right side set of pegs through small holes in the chaati supported by hollow ivory bone beads Between these inner tarabs and on either side of the main playing strings lie two more sets of longer tarabs with five to six strings on the right set and six to seven strings on the left set They pass from the main bridge over to two small flat wide table like bridges through the additional bridge towards the second peg set on top of the instrument These are tuned to the important tones swaras of the raga A properly tuned sarangi will hum and cry and will sound like melodious meowing with tones played on any of the main strings eliciting echo like resonances A few sarangis use strings manufactured from the intestines of goats Pakistan editThe sarangi is a Mughal era musical instrument Its usage has been declining in Pakistan since the 1980s as a result of the deaths of several master players and its high cost around Rs 120 000 US 400 1 Notable performers editSarangi players in India edit Abdul Latif Khan 1934 2002 Aruna Narayan born 1959 Ashique Ali Khan 1948 1999 Bharat Bhushan Goswami b 1955 Bundu Khan 1880 1955 Dhruba Ghosh 1957 2017 Ghulam Ali Sarangi b 1975 Harsh Narayan b 1985 Kamal Sabri b 1974 Manonmani b 2000 Ramesh Mishra 1948 2017 Ram Narayan b 1927 Sabir Khan Sarangi b 1978 Sabri Khan 1927 2015 Siddiqui Ahmed Khan 1914 Suhail Yusuf Khan b 1988 Sultan Khan 1940 2011 Ustad Faiyaz Khan born 1968 Moinuddin Khan musician Ram Narayan Sarangi players in Pakistan edit Allah Rakha 1932 2000 Bundu Khan 1880 1955 Nathu Khan 1920 1971 Other sarangi players edit Yuji Nakagawa Sarangi a Japanese citizen who learnt to play the instrument in India under the tutelage of Dhruba GhoshSee also editEsraj Sarinda Hindustani musicReferences edit Sound of Mughal era sarangi instrument fading away in Pakistan The Express Tribune 2022 04 08 Retrieved 2022 04 08 Further reading editBor Joep 1987 The Voice of the Sarangi comprising National Centre for the Performing Arts Quarterly Journal 15 3 4 December 1986 and March 1987 special combined issue Bombay NCPA Magriel Nicolas 1991 Sarangi Style in North Indian Music published Ph D thesis London University of London available on amazon com Qureshi Regula Burckhardt 1997 The Indian Sarangi Sound of Affect Site of Contest Yearbook for Traditional Music pp 1 38 Sorrell Neil with Ram Narayan 1980 Indian Music in Performance Bolton Manchester University PressExternal links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sarangis Resham Firiri A popular Nepali folk music with a Sarangi and madal sarangi info downloadable sarangi and vocal music including the integral of two important books The Voice of the Sarangi by Joep Bor and Indian Music in Performance and Practice by Ram Narayan and Neil Sorrell Growing into Music includes several films by Nicolas Magriel on Indian musical enculturation including films about the sarangi players Farooq Latif Khan b 1975 Sarwar Hussain Khan b 1981 Mohammed Ali Khan Sarangi d 2002 Ghulam Sabir Qadri 1922 Vidya Sahai Mishra d 2019 Siddiqui Ahmed Khan 1914 Ghulam Sabir Khan b 1948 Murad Ali b 1977 Faiyaz Khan Varanasi Zakan Khan Varanasi and Kanhaiyalal Mishra Varanasi Sarangi Gujarat 19th century Sarangi ca 1900 Sarangi North India late 19th century Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sarangi amp oldid 1205998044, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
