The United States House Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol (commonly referred to as the January 6th Committee) was a select committee of the U.S. House of Representatives established to investigate the U.S. Capitol attack.[1]
Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol
On December 19, 2022, the Committee voted unanimously to refer Trump and the lawyer John Eastman to the U.S. Department of Justice for prosecution.[6] Recommended charges for Trump were obstruction of an official proceeding; conspiracy to defraud the United States; conspiracy to make a false statement; and attempts to "incite", "assist" or "aid or comfort" an insurrection.[7] Obstruction and conspiracy to defraud were also the recommended charges for Eastman.[8]
Some members of Trump's inner circle had cooperated with the committee, while others defied it.[9] For refusing to testify:
Steve Bannon and Peter Navarro were convicted of contempt of Congress. Each was sentenced to four months in prison,[10][11] and Navarro began his sentence in March 2024.[12]
Representatives McCarthy, Jordan, Biggs, and Perry were referred to the House Ethics Committee.[15]
The Committee interviewed over a thousand people[16] and reviewed over a million documents.[3] On December 22, 2022, it published an 845-page final report[17][18][19] (including the executive summary released three days earlier).[20] That week, the committee also began publishing interview transcripts.[21]
The committee was formed through a largely party-line vote on July 1, 2021, and it dissolved in early January 2023.[a][22] Its membership was a point of significant political contention. The only two House Republicans to vote to establish the Committee[23] were also the only two Republicans to serve on it: Liz Cheney and Adam Kinzinger.[b][24][25] The Republican National Committee censured them for their participation.[26]
On May 19, 2021, in the aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack, the House voted to form an independent bicameral commission to investigate the attack, similar to the 9/11 Commission.[27] The bipartisan Bill passed the House 252–175, with thirty-five Republicans voting in favor. The large number of defections was considered a rebuke of Minority Leader McCarthy, who reversed course and whipped against the proposal, after initially deputizing Rep. John Katko to negotiate for Republicans.[27] The proposal was defeated by a filibuster from Republicans in the Senate.[28] In late May, when it had become apparent that the filibuster would not be overcome, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi indicated that she would appoint a select committee to investigate the events as a fallback option.[29][30][31][32]
On June 30, 2021, H.Res.503, "Establishing the Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol",[33] passed the House 222–190, with all Democratic members and two Republican members, Adam Kinzinger and Liz Cheney, voting in favor.[23] Sixteen Republican members did not vote.[34] The resolution empowered Pelosi to appoint eight members to the committee, and House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy could appoint five members "in consultation" with the Speaker.[35] Pelosi indicated that she would name a Republican as one of her eight appointees.[36]
On July 1, Pelosi appointed eight members, seven Democrats and one Republican, Liz Cheney (R-WY). Bennie Thompson (D-MS) was appointed committee chairman.[37]
On July 21, Thompson announced that he would investigate Trump as part of the inquiry into the Capitol attack.[40] Hours later, Pelosi announced that she had informed McCarthy that she was rejecting Jordan and Banks, citing concerns for the investigation's integrity and relevant actions and statements made by the two members. She approved the recommendations of the other three.[41] Rather than suggesting two replacements, McCarthy insisted he would not appoint anyone unless all five of his choices were approved.[42][43] When McCarthy pulled all of his picks, he eliminated all Trump defenders on the committee and cleared the field for Pelosi to control the committee's entire makeup and workings. This was widely interpreted as a costly political miscalculation by McCarthy.[44][45][46]
On July 25, after McCarthy rescinded all of his selections, Pelosi announced that she had appointed Adam Kinzinger (R-IL), one of the ten House Republicans who voted for Trump's second impeachment, to the committee.[47][48][49] Pelosi also hired a Republican, former Rep. Denver Riggleman (R-VA), as an outside committee staffer or advisor.[50] Cheney voiced her support and pushed for the involvement of both.[49]
On February 4, 2022, the Republican National Committee voted to censure Cheney and Kinzinger, which it had never before done to any sitting congressional Republican. The resolution formally dropped "all support of them as members of the Republican Party", arguing that their work on the select committee was hurting Republican prospects in the midterm elections.[26][51] Kinzinger had already announced on October 29, 2021, that he would not run for reelection.[52] Cheney lost the primary for her reelection on August 16, 2022.[53]
Membersedit
The committee's chair was Bennie Thompson, and the vice chair was Liz Cheney. Seven Democrats and two Republicans sat on the committee.
In August 2021, Thompson announced additional staff:[63][64]
Denver Riggleman, senior technical adviser for the January 6 Committee. He previously served as a Republican U.S. Representative from Virginia and was an ex-military intelligence officer.
In November 2022, Thompson disclosed the existence of a subcommittee to handle "outstanding issues" including unanswered subpoenas and whether to send transcripts of interviews to the DOJ. The subcommittee had been established about one month earlier with Raskin as chair, along with Cheney, Lofgren, and Schiff. Thompson said he selected them because "they're all lawyers".[68][69]
Investigationedit
The investigation commenced with a public hearing on July 27, 2021, at which four police officers testified. As of the end of 2021, it had interviewed more than 300 witnesses and obtained more than 35,000 documents,[70] and those totals continued to rise. By May 2022, it had interviewed over 1,000 witnesses;[71] some of those interviews were recorded.[72] By October 2022, it had obtained over 1,000,000 documents[3] and reviewed hundreds of hours of videos (such as security camera and documentary footage).[73] During the pendency of the investigation, the select committee publicly communicated some of its information.
The select committee split its multi-pronged investigation into multiple color-coded teams,[74][75][76] each focusing on a specific topic like funding, individuals' motivations, organizational coalitions, and how Trump may have pressured other politicians.[77] These were:
Green Team investigated the money trail and whether or not Trump and Republican allies defrauded their supporters by spreading misinformation regarding the 2020 presidential election, despite knowing the claims were not true.
Gold Team investigated whether members of Congress participated or assisted in Trump's attempted to overturn the election. They are also looking into Trump's pressure campaign on local and state officials as well as on executive departments, like the Department of Justice, Department of Homeland Security, Department of Defense, and others to try to keep himself in power.
Purple Team investigated the involvement of domestic violent extremist groups — such as the QAnon movement, militia groups, Oath Keepers, and Proud Boys — and how they used social media including Facebook, Gab, and Discord.[78]
Red Team investigated the planners of the January 6th rally and other "Stop the Steal" organizers and if they knew the rally would intentionally become violent.
Blue Team researched the threats leading up to the attack, how intelligence was shared among law enforcement, and their preparations or lack thereof.[79] Additionally, Blue Team had access to thousands of documents from more than a dozen agencies that other security reviews did not have.[80]
The select committee's investigation and its findings were multi-faceted.
A reform of election certification procedures (as governed by the Electoral Count Act of 1887) was passed in the December 2022 omnibus spending bill.[81][82] Committee members had begun collaborating on this reform in 2021.[83]
The select committee's findings may also be used in arguments to hold individuals, notably Donald Trump,[71] legally accountable.
Simultaneous investigations by the Justice Departmentedit
The United States Department of Justice (DOJ) is probing the months-long efforts to falsely declare that the election was rigged, including pressure on the DOJ, the fake-electors scheme, and the events of January 6 itself.[84]
The judicial branch has also made related observations and rulings. In March 2022, federal judge David Carter said it was "more likely than not" that Trump has engaged in a conspiracy with John Eastman to commit federal crimes, and described their attempt as "a coup in search of a legal theory".[85]
On November 18, 2022, U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland announced the appointment of John L. "Jack" Smith as the Special Counsel to oversee the DOJ's ongoing investigations into the FBI investigation into Donald Trump's handling of government documents as well the January 6 investigation.[86] Garland praised Smith's experience and said: "I am confident that this appointment will not slow the completion of these investigations." Smith promised to investigate "independently and in the best traditions of the Department of Justice ... to whatever outcome the facts and the law dictate.”[87]
While the committee's investigation was ongoing, it shared some information with the DOJ,[88] but it waited until it had finished its work in December 2022 before turning over everything.[89] The DOJ had sent a letter on April 20, 2022, asking for transcripts of past and future interviews. Thompson, the committee chair, told reporters he did not intend to give the DOJ "full access to our product" especially when "we haven't completed our own work". Instead, the select committee negotiated for a partial information exchange.[16] On June 15, the DOJ repeated its request. They gave an example of a problem they had encountered: The trial of the five Proud Boys indicted for seditious conspiracy had been rescheduled for the end of 2022 because the prosecutors and the defendants' counsel did not want to start the trial without the relevant interview transcripts.[90] On July 12, 2022, the committee announced it was negotiating with the DOJ about the procedure for information-sharing and that the committee had "started producing information" related to the DOJ's request for transcripts.[91]
On December 19, 2022, the House select committee publicly voted to recommend that the DOJ bring criminal charges against Trump[92] (a long-anticipated move)[93] as well as against John Eastman.[92] Some critics had argued against making criminal referrals, as such a recommendation by a congressional committee has no legal force[94] and could appear to politically taint the DOJ's investigation.[95] However, a committee spokesperson had said on December 6 that criminal referrals would be "a final part" of the committee's investigative work.[96] Schiff acknowledged on December 11 that any referral would be "symbolic" but was nevertheless "important"[97] — he had said in September that he hoped the committee would unanimously refer Trump to the DOJ[98] — while Representative Raskin said on December 13, "Everybody has made his or her own bed in terms of their conduct or misconduct."[99]
In September 2021, the select committee subpoenaed former White House chief of staff Mark Meadows. Meadows initially cooperated, but in December, without providing all requested documents, he sued to block the two congressional subpoenas.[100] On December 14, 2021, the full House voted to hold Meadows in contempt of Congress.[101] In a July 15, 2022 amicus brief[102] filed at the request of U.S. District Court Judge Carl J. Nichols,[103] the DOJ acknowledged that the House subpoena had been justified and that Meadows had only "qualified" immunity given that Trump was no longer in office.[104][105] On October 31, 2022, the judge ruled that the congressional subpoenas were "protected legislative acts" that were "legitimately tied to Congress's legislative functions".[106]
Although the congressional subpoenas were valid, DOJ decided not to criminally charge him for defying them.[107] In 2022, Meadows did comply with a DOJ subpoena in the DOJ investigation of January 6.[108] In 2023, he was indicted in Georgia for his alleged role in election interference in that state.[109]
Meadows had routinely burned documents in his office fireplace after meetings during the transition period; Cassidy Hutchinson testified to the committee that she had seen him do this a dozen times between December 2020 and mid-January 2021.[110]
The day after the election, former Texas governor and former Secretary of Energy Rick Perry sent Meadows a proposed strategy for Republican-controlled state legislatures to choose electors and send them directly to the Supreme Court before their states had determined voting results.[112][113]
Fox News host Sean Hannity exchanged text messages with Meadows suggesting that Hannity was aware in advance of Trump's plans for January 6. Hannity texted on December 31, 2020, that he was afraid that many U.S. attorneys would resign, adding: “I do NOT see Jan. 6 happening the way [Trump] is being told." He texted in the evening of January 5: "I am very worried about the next 48 hours." The committee wrote to Hannity asking him to voluntarily answer questions.[114][115][116]
During the attack, Donald Trump Jr. told Meadows that his father must "lead now" by making an Oval Office address because "[i]t has gone too far. And gotten out of hand."[117][118]
Two Fox News allies of Trump texted that the Capitol attack was destroying the president's legacy.[117][118]
Representative Jim Jordan asked Meadows if Vice President Mike Pence could identify "all the electoral votes that he believes are unconstitutional".[119]
The day after the riot, one text stated that "We tried everything we could in our objections to the 6 states. I'm sorry nothing worked."[120][119]
Meadows also participated in a call with a Freedom Caucus group including Rudy Giuliani, Representative Jim Jordan, and Representative Scott Perry during which they planned to encourage Trump supporters to march to the Capitol on January 6.[121]
Meadows also exchanged post-election text messages with Ginni Thomas, the wife of Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas, in which they expressed support of Trump's claims of election fraud. On November 5, in the first of 29 text messages, Ginni Thomas sent to Meadows a link to a YouTube video about the election.[122] She emailed Arizona and Wisconsin lawmakers on November 9 to encourage them to choose different electors, exchanged emails with John Eastman, and attended the rally on January 6.[123][124][125]
Some of the communications revealed Trump allies who privately expressed disagreement with the events of January 6 while defending Trump in public:
Donald Trump Jr. pleaded with Meadows during the January 6 riot to convince his father that "[i]t has gone too far and gotten out of hand"[126]
Similarly, Fox News hosts Brian Kilmeade, Sean Hannity, and Laura Ingraham asked Meadows to persuade Trump to appear on TV and quell the riot.[127]
In mid-2022, CNN spoke to over a dozen people who had texted Meadows that day, and all of them said they believed that Trump should have tried to stop the attack.[128]
One of the most revealing documents provided by Meadows was a PowerPoint presentation[129][130] describing a strategy for overturning the election results. The presentation had been distributed by Phil Waldron, a retired Army colonel (now owning a bar in Texas)[131] who specialized in psychological operations and who later became a Trump campaign associate. A 36-page version appeared to have been created on January 5,[132][129] and Meadows received a version that day.[133][134][135] He eventually provided a 38-page version to the committee.[132] It recommended that Trump declare a national security emergency to delay the January 6 electoral certification, invalidate all ballots cast by machine, and order the military to seize and recount all paper ballots.[133][134] (Meadows claims he personally did not act on this plan.[133]) Waldron was associated with former Trump national security advisor Michael Flynn and other military-intelligence veterans who played key roles in spreading false information to allege the election had been stolen from Trump.[136][131]Politico reported in January 2022 that Bernard Kerik had testified to the committee that Waldron also originated the idea of a military seizure of voting machines, which was included in a draft executive order dated December 16.[137][138] The next month, Politico published emails between Waldron, Flynn, Kerik, Washington attorney Katherine Friess, and Texas entrepreneur Russell Ramsland that included another draft executive order dated December 16. That draft was nearly identical to the draft Politico had previously released; embedded metadata indicated it had been created by One America News anchor Christina Bobb. An attorney, Bobb had also been present at the Willard Hotel command center.[139][140]
Meadows testified that he organized a daily morning call beginning January 7, 2021, with Mike Pompeo and Mark Milley.[141]
As of August 2023, the extent of Meadows's cooperation in various investigations remained unknown to the public.[142] Prosecutors in the Georgia indictment reportedly do not intend to offer him a plea deal.[143] He has said he wants to be tried separately from the other Georgia defendants[144] and has also sought for his case to be removed to federal court.[145]
Obstaclesedit
Release of documents from the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)edit
One of the main challenges to the committee's investigation was Trump's use of legal tactics to try to block the release of the White House communication records held at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).[146] He succeeded in delaying the release of the documents for about five months. The committee received the documents on January 20, 2022.[147][148]
Some of the documents had been previously torn up by Trump and taped back together by NARA staff.[149] Trump is said to have routinely shredded and flushed records by his own hand, as well as to have asked staff to place them in burn bags, throughout his presidency.[150][151] Additionally, as the presidential diarist testified to the committee in March 2022, the Oval Office did not send the diarist detailed information about Trump's daily activities on January 5 and 6, 2021.[152]
Trump's phone records from the day of the attack, as provided by NARA to the committee, did not log any calls during the seven-and-a-half hours that the Capitol was under siege,[152] suggesting he was using a "burner" cell phone during that time.[153] He is said to have routinely used burner phones during his presidency.[154] When the committee subpoenaed his personal communication records,[155][3] his lawyers claimed he had no such records.[156]
Trump tried to hide the fact that he had pressured the Defense Secretary and DOJ to seize voting machines immediately after the election in six states where he had lost.[157] To prevent the Committee gaining access to relevant White House records, he sought an injunction from the Supreme Court, which dismissed his request on January 19, 2022.[158]
The committee began its request for the NARA records in August 2021.[159][160] Trump asserted executive privilege over the documents.[161] Current president Joe Biden rejected that claim,[162][163] as did a federal judge (who noted that Trump was no longer president),[164] the DC Circuit Court of Appeals,[165] and the U.S. Supreme Court.[166][167] The committee agreed to a Biden administration request for NARA to withhold certain sensitive documents about unrelated national security matters but continued to litigate until it received the potentially relevant records.[168]
Republicans not testifyingedit
From the beginning of the investigation, Trump told Republican leaders not to cooperate with the committee.[169][170][171][172] While many testified voluntarily,[173] the committee also issued subpoenas[174] to legally compel others' testimony. Some people who were subpoenaed refused to testify: Roger Stone and John Eastman pleaded their Fifth Amendment rights, while Steve Bannon and Mark Meadows were found in contempt of Congress. In December 2021, Michael Flynn sued to block a subpoena for his phone records and to delay his testimony, though a federal judge dismissed his suit within a day.[175]
Trump White House aide Cassidy Hutchinson spoke to the committee several times in early 2022 while represented by Stefan Passantino, a Trump ally who wanted her to skirt the committee's questions. She spoke to the committee without Passantino's knowledge; former White House aide Alyssa Farah Griffin was her backchannel connection for the additional testimony.[176][177] Hutchinson later dismissed Passantino,[176][177] hired Jody Hunt instead, and had another closed-door deposition on June 20, 2022, a week before she appeared at a public hearing.[110]
Bill Stepien, Trump's final campaign manager, was subpoenaed and planned to testify live for the second public hearing on June 13, 2022. However, he canceled his appearance an hour before the hearing started, as his wife went into labor. The select committee instead aired clips of Stepien's previously recorded deposition;[178] the scramble to rearrange the presentation delayed the start of the nationally televised hearing by 45 minutes.[179][180]
On October 21, 2022, the committee subpoenaed Trump for documents and testimony. They requested all his communications on the day of the Capitol attack and many of his political communications in the preceding months.[155][181][182] On November 9, Trump's lawyers wrote to the committee saying he possessed "no documents" relevant to the subpoena. On November 11, they sued to block the subpoena, arguing that the committee could obtain the information from sources other than Trump.[156]
Pence chose not to speak to the select committee, though the committee had long deliberated calling him.[183][184] On January 4, 2022, Chair Thompson told reporters that Pence should "do the right thing and come forward and voluntarily talk to the committee". While acknowledging that the committee had not formally invited Pence to speak to them, Thompson suggested: "if he offered, we'd gladly accept."[185] The committee reportedly considered Pence's testimony particularly important,[186] though, in April, Thompson told reporters they would not bother calling him, especially having already confirmed important information through his former aides Marc Short and Greg Jacob.[187] On August 17, Pence told an audience at Saint Anselm College that he was waiting for the committee to invite him: "If there was an invitation to participate, I'd consider it."[188] He described his experience of the attack on the Capitol in his autobiography, which was scheduled to be published a week after the November 2022 midterm elections.[189] As of late November, Pence was reportedly more interested in testifying before the DOJ.[190][191] "I think it’s sad that he didn’t want to come to us", Representative Pete Aguilar told CNN in early December 2022.[192]
Secret Service, DHS and Pentagon text messages deletededit
Soon after the attack on the Capitol, the Secret Service assigned new phones.[193] In February 2021, the office of Department of Homeland Security Inspector General Joseph Cuffari, a Trump appointee, learned that text messages of Secret Service agents had been lost. He considered sending data specialists to attempt to retrieve the messages, but a decision was made against it.[194] In June 2021, DHS asked for text messages from 24 individuals—including the heads for Trump and Pence security, Robert Engel and Tim Giebels—and did not receive them. In October 2021, DHS considered publicizing the Secret Service's delays.[195][196] On July 26, 2022, Chairman Thompson, in his capacity as Chair of the House Homeland Security Committee, and Carolyn Maloney, Chair of the House Oversight & Reforms Committee, jointly wrote to the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency about Cuffari's failure to report the lost text messages and asked CIGIE chair Allison Lerner to replace Cuffari with a new Inspector General who could investigate the matter.[197] Additionally, renewed calls to have President Biden dismiss Cuffari have started gaining traction, with Senator Dick Durbin, who chairs the Senate Judiciary Committee requesting Attorney General Garland to investigate the missing text messages. However, as of July 2022, it is unknown if President Biden will fire Cuffari as he made a campaign promise to never fire an inspector general during his tenure as POTUS.
On August 1, 2022, House Homeland Security Chairman Bennie Thompson reiterated calls for Cuffari to step down due to a "lack of transparency" that could be "jeopardizing the integrity" of crucial investigations regarding the missing Secret Service text messages.[198] That same day, an official inside the DHS inspector general's office told Politico that Cuffari and his staff are "uniquely unqualified to lead an Inspector General's office, and... the crucial oversight mission of the DHS OIG has been compromised."[199] Congress also obtained a July 2021 e-mail, from deputy inspector general Thomas Kait, who told senior DHS officials there was no longer a need for any Secret Service phone records or text messages. Efforts to collect communications related to Jan. 6 were therefore shutdown by Kait just six weeks after the internal DHS investigation began. The Guardian wrote that "taken together, the new revelations appear to show that the chief watchdog for the Secret Service and the DHS took deliberate steps to stop the retrieval of texts it knew were missing, and then sought to hide the fact that it had decided not to pursue that evidence."[200]
On August 2, 2022, CNN reported that relevant text messages from January 6, 2021, were also deleted from the phones of Trump-appointed officials at the Pentagon, despite the fact that FOIA requests were filed days after the attack on the Capitol.[201][202] The Secret Service was later reported to have been aware of online threats against lawmakers before the attack on the Capitol, according to documents obtained by the House select committee.[203]
Trump funding legal defense of Republican witnessesedit
Trump's Save AmericaPAC has paid hundreds of thousands of dollars to lawyers representing over a dozen witnesses called by the committee. [204] On September 1, 2022, Trump said on a right-wing radio show that he had recently met supporters in his office. He said he was "financially supporting" them, adding: "It's a disgrace what they've done to them."[205]
The American Conservative Union provided legal defense funds for some people who resist the committee. The organization said it only assisted people who do not cooperate with the committee and who opposed its mission, according to chairman Matt Schlapp.[206]
Republican National Committee (RNC) claiming committee is illegitimateedit
Though the Republican National Committee had long insisted that the committee is invalid and should not be allowed to investigate, a federal judge found on May 1, 2022, that the committee's power is legitimate.[207] On November 30, 2022, House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy wrote a letter warning the committee that the incoming Republican-majority House of Representatives planned to investigate the committee's work in 2023.[208]
The House select committee began its investigation with a preliminary public hearing on July 27, 2021, called "The Law Enforcement Experience on January 6th".[209][210] Capitol and District of Columbia police testified, describing their personal experiences on the day of the attack, and graphic video footage was shown.[211]
In 2022, the Committee held ten live televised public hearings[212] that presented evidence of Trump's seven-part plan to overturn the 2020 elections; this included live interviews under oath (of many Republicans and some Trump loyalists),[213][214] as well as recorded sworn deposition testimony and video footage from other sources. An Executive Summary[215] of the committee's findings was published on December 19, 2022; a Final Report[216] was published on December 22, 2022.[217]
The second hearing on June 13, 2022, focused on evidence showing that Trump knew he lost and that most of his inner circle knew claims of fraud did not have merit. William Barr testified that Trump had "become detached from reality" because he continued to promote conspiracy theories and pushed the stolen election myth without "interest in what the actual facts were."[219][220]
The third hearing on June 16, 2022, examined how Trump and others pressured Vice President Mike Pence to selectively discount electoral votes and overturn the election by unconstitutional means, using John Eastman's fringe legal theories as justification.[221]
The fourth hearing on June 21, 2022, included appearances by election officials from Arizona and Georgia who testified they were pressured to "find votes" for Trump and change results in their jurisdictions. The committee revealed attempts to organize fake slates of alternate electors and established that "Trump had a direct and personal role in this effort."[222][223]
The fifth hearing on June 23, 2022, focused on Trump's pressure campaign on the Justice Department to rubber stamp his narrative of a stolen election, the insistence on numerous debunked election fraud conspiracy theories, requests to seize voting machines, and Trump's effort to install Jeffrey Clark as acting attorney general.[224]
The exclusive witness of the sixth hearing on June 28, 2022, was Cassidy Hutchinson, top aide to former White House Chief of StaffMark Meadows.[225] She testified that White House officials anticipated violence days in advance of January 6; that Trump knew supporters at the Ellipse rally were armed with weapons including AR-15s yet asked to relax security checks at his speech; and that Trump planned to join the crowd at the Capitol and became irate when the Secret Service refused his request. Closing the hearing, Cheney presented evidence of witness tampering.[226]
The eighth hearing on July 21, 2022, presented evidence and details of Trump's refusal to call off the attack on the Capitol, despite hours of pleas from officials and insiders. According to the New York Times, the committee delivered two significant public messages: Rep. Liz Cheney made the case that Trump could never "be trusted with any position of authority in our great nation again", while Rep. Bennie Thompson called for legal "accountability" and "stiff consequences" to "overcome the ongoing threat to our democracy."[230]
The ninth hearing on October 13, 2022,[231][232] presented video of Roger Stone and evidence that some Trump associates planned to claim victory in the 2020 election regardless of the official results.[233][234] The committee voted unanimously to subpoena Trump for documents and testimony,[235][236] and a subpoena was issued one week later.[237] Trump refused to comply.[238]
The tenth hearing on December 19, 2022, convened to present a final overview of their investigative work to date, and the committee recommended that former President Donald Trump, John Eastman, and others be referred for legal charges. The committee also recommended that the House Ethics Committee follow up on Rep. Kevin McCarthy (CA), Rep. Jim Jordan (OH), Scott Perry (PA), and Andy Biggs (AZ) refusing to answer subpoenas.[239] The votes were unanimous.[240] Immediately after the hearing, the committee released a 154-page executive summary of its findings.[241][242][243]
Criminal referralsedit
On December 19, 2022, the committee criminally referred Trump to the DOJ for four suspected crimes.
Obstruction of an Official Proceeding (18 U.S.C. § 1512(c))[244]
Conspiracy to Defraud the United States (18 U.S.C. § 371)[245]
Conspiracy to Make a False Statement (18 U.S.C. §§ 371, 1001)[246]
“Incite,” “Assist” or “Aid and Comfort” an Insurrection (18 U.S.C. § 2383)[247]
Simultaneously, the committee referred John Eastman to the DOJ for the first two of those same crimes. This move was supported by a June 7, 2022, ruling by Judge David Carter. Carter had decided that one email in John Eastman's possession, sent before January 6, contained likely evidence of a crime and that Eastman must disclose it to the House committee under the crime-fraud exception of attorney-client privilege.[248]
Obstruction of an Official Proceeding (18 U.S.C. § 1512(c))
Conspiracy to Defraud the United States (18 U.S.C. § 371)
The committee suggested that the DOJ look into two additional charges for Trump: conspiracy to prevent someone from holding office or performing the duties of their office, and seditious conspiracy. It noted that convictions on both of these charges had recently been delivered in the high-profile Oath Keepers trial.
Other Conspiracy Statutes (18 U.S.C. §§ 372 and 2384)[249]
Trump and Eastman were the only individuals the committee criminally referred to the DOJ. Although the committee said that Mark Meadows, Rudy Giuliani, Jeffrey Clark had been “actors” in the plot, it decided it lacked sufficient evidence to refer them, especially given certain individuals' unwillingness to cooperate with the investigation. "We trust that the Department of Justice will do its job", Raskin said.[250]
Impact on other investigationsedit
On August 1, 2023, a federal grand jury indicted Trump on four counts, three of which resemble the charges recommended by the House select committee. (Trump was not charged with incitement of insurrection.)[251] Additionally, among the co-conspirators identified in the indictment were four who'd been previously named by the House committee: John Eastman, Rudy Giuliani, Jeffrey Clark, and Kenneth Chesebro.[252]
Under the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, anyone who has "engaged" in insurrection is ineligible to hold public office. However, the process for barring someone from office was unclear. The 14th Amendment does not say if such a person must first be criminally convicted of insurrection, nor does it specify an enforcement authority or mechanism for deeming them ineligible to hold office.[253][254] In early 2022, the eligibility of two candidates in North Carolina and Georgia was questioned, but ultimately not denied, on this basis.[255][256] Later that year, a county commissioner from New Mexico became the first elected official since the Civil War era to be removed from office for participating in an insurrection.[257] On December 15, 2022, House Democrats introduced a bill that would prevent Trump specifically from running for office again.[258][259] In 2023, lawsuits were filed in several states, and on December 19, the Colorado Supreme Court ruled that Trump should be removed from the ballot in that state, based on the 14th Amendment. However, on March 4, 2024, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that no states have the power to remove Trump from the ballot. The court decided that this power lies with Congress.[260][261][262]
The select committee's work also aided the State of Georgia's investigation into alleged solicitations of election fraud. On May 2, 2022, Fulton County's District Attorney Fani Willis opened a special grand jury to consider criminal charges,[263] and on August 14, 2023, a Georgia grand jury indicted Trump on 13 counts.[264] The identities of Trump's 18 co-defendants[265] and 30 unindicted co-conspirators[266] significantly overlap with the people identified by the House committee. In particular, Chesebro was charged with seven felonies related to electoral vote obstruction, and he pleaded guilty to one of them: conspiracy to file false documents.[267]
On December 5, 2023, Nevada indicted six people in the fake elector scheme. At least two, Michael J. McDonald and James DeGraffenreid, had been interviewed by the select committee.
On April 23, 2024, Arizona indicted eleven fake electors and seven Trump allies. The Trump allies were Christina Bobb, John Eastman, Jenna Ellis, Boris Epshteyn, Rudy Giuliani, Mark Meadows, and Mike Roman. The indictment also described five unindicted coconspirators, including Trump and Chesebro.[268]
Witness testimony transcriptsedit
On December 21, 2022, the committee released the first batch of hundreds of witness testimony transcripts.[21] The transcripts detailed testimony from 34 witnesses who mostly invoked the Fifth Amendment and avoided answering questions,[269] including:
former acting Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Division Jeffrey Clark
On December 22, 2022, more transcripts were released. They revealed that Cassidy Hutchinson had given additional testimony on September 14–15, 2022, in which she claimed that Trump allies, including her "Trump world" attorney Stefan Passantino, had pressured her not to talk to the committee.[270][271] (Passantino would later sue the committee for $67 million in damages to his reputation. He was represented by Jesse Binall.)[272]
On December 23, 46 more interview transcripts were released, including:
Marc Short, chief of staff to Vice President Mike Pence[273]
On December 30, 2022, the committee released a third batch of witness testimony transcripts. It acted swiftly, anticipating that it would not be able to continue its work under the new Congress.[274]
Final reportedit
Introductory Material to the Final Report[20]Final Report[17]
On December 22, 2022, the final report was published online.[275] The report was final because the committee itself expired two weeks later when the 117th Congress ended.[276][65]
In October 2022, Representative Lofgren said the committee would likely provide an unredacted version of its final report to the DOJ at the same time the public received a redacted version.[280] In December, Representative Schiff said the committee would publish its evidence so the newly elected Republican-majority House of Representatives (soon to be sworn in for the 118th Congress) could not "cherry-pick certain evidence and mislead the country with some false narrative."[281]
As the committee wrapped up its work in late 2022, the writers of the final report were directed to focus more on Trump's alleged crimes (as researched by the "Gold Team" and revealed in the public hearings) and less on law enforcement's failure to address radicalization, armed groups, and violent threats.[282] Some committee staff expressed concerns that Vice Chair Liz Cheney wanted an anti-Trump report to bolster her own political future. Another person quoted by The Washington Post anonymously rebutted that notion, saying that Cheney intended to produce a compelling narrative and thereby avoid "a worse version of the Mueller report, which nobody read".[283] On November 27, 2022, Representative Schiff said the committee members hadn't yet reached consensus on the report's focus but also were "close to the putting down the pen".[284]
The report was expected to discuss others' responsibility for events between the election on November 3, 2020, and the electoral vote count on January 6, 2021. Topics were expected to include RNC fundraising, what the Secret Service knew, and how the National Guard responded.[192]
Though the committee held public hearings before the November 2022 midterm elections, it did not release any written report by that time.[285][286]
According to the committee's original authorization, it was supposed to terminate 30 days after filing its final report.[33] The 118th Congress convened two weeks after the committee published the report, rendering the 30-day timeframe irrelevant.
Summaryedit
On December 19, 2022, the same day it made the criminal referrals, the committee published an "Executive Summary" as an introduction to its final report. It outlined 17 findings central to its reasoning for criminal referrals.[287] Paraphrased, they are:[288]
Trump lied about election fraud for the purpose of staying in power and asking for money.
Ignoring the rulings of over 60 federal and state courts, he plotted to overturn the election.
He pressured Pence to illegally refuse to certify the election.
He tried to corrupt and weaponize the Justice Department to keep himself in power.
He pressured state legislators and officials to give different election results.
He pressured members of Congress to object to real electors.
He approved federal court filings with fake information about voter fraud.
He summoned the mob and told them to march on the Capitol, knowing some were armed.
He tweeted negatively about Pence at 2:24 p.m. on January 6, 2021, inciting more violence.
He spent the afternoon watching television, despite his advisers’ pleas for him to stop the violence.
This was all part of a conspiracy to overturn the election.
Intelligence and law enforcement warned the Secret Service about Proud Boys and Oath Keepers.
The violence wasn't caused by left-wing groups.
Intelligence didn't know that Trump himself had plotted with John Eastman and Rudy Giuliani.
In advance of January 6, the Capitol Police didn't act on their police chief's suggestion to request backup from the National Guard.
On January 6, the Defense Secretary, not Trump, called the National Guard.
Full reportedit
The report placed blame on "one man", former U.S. President Donald Trump, for inciting the riot.[275] It provided detail about a robust, organized campaign to assemble and deliver a bogus slate of electors and named lesser known Trump lawyer Kenneth Chesebro as the plot's architect.[289][290] According to the final report, Donald Trump "sought to corrupt the US Department of Justice" by pleading with department officials to make false statements regarding the presidential elections, had failed to deploy the DC National Guard during the attack despite having the authority to do so, and made "multiple efforts" to contact witnesses summoned to testify before the House Select Committee.[291][292] The report accused Donald Trump of engaging in a criminal “multi-part conspiracy” to overturn the results of the 2020 election."[293]
In the two months between the election and the Capitol attack, Trump allies engaged in “at least 200 apparent acts of public or private outreach, pressure, or condemnation” of state election officials. They had 68 communications with those officials (including meetings, phone calls, and texts), and they made 125 social media posts about those officials.[294]
Timeline of proceedingsedit
2021edit
July 2021edit
July 27: The committee held its first public hearing, featuring testimony from four police officers who were in the front line as rioters attacked the Capitol.[295][296]
Michael Fanone, a Metropolitan Police Department officer, said rioters pulled him into the crowd, beat him with a flagpole, stole his badge, repeatedly tased him with his taser and went for his gun.[297][300][301] He criticized those who downplayed the attack.[297][299]
Aquilino Gonell, a U.S. Capitol Police sergeant, said he was beaten with a flagpole and chemically sprayed.[297][299]
August 2021edit
August 23: Committee investigators reportedly planned to seek phone records of multiple people, including members of Congress.[302]
August 25: The committee sought records of at least 30 members of Trump's inner circle from seven government agencies and the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), which preserves White House communication records. The committee's letter explained it was repeating requests that "multiple committees of the House of Representatives" had made on March 25, 2021.[159][160] (Several weeks later, it was revealed that they specifically sought records from White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows and some Republican members of Congress.)[303]
August 27: The committee demanded records from 15 social media companies going back to the spring of 2020.[304]
September 2021edit
The committee sought to identify whether the White House was involved in planning the Capitol attack and whether Trump personally had advance knowledge of it.[305] The committee considered issuing subpoenas for call records or testimony of senior Trump administration officials including Meadows, Deputy Chief of Staff Dan Scavino and former Trump campaign manager Brad Parscale.[306]
September 23: The committee issued subpoenas to Meadows, Scavino, chief strategist Steve Bannon, and Pentagon official and former Devin Nunes aide Kash Patel.[307] Documents were demanded by October 7.[308] Bannon and Patel were instructed to testify on October 14, and Meadows and Scavino on October 15.[309][310] Trump and his attorneys instructed the four aides (as was reported two weeks later) to defy the orders and provide neither documents nor testimony.[169][170][171]
September 29: Amy Kremer and ten others affiliated with her organization Women for America First, which held the permit for the Stop the Steal rally that preceded the Capitol attack, were subpoenaed by the committee.[311] Among these eleven people was Katrina Pierson, national spokesperson for Trump's 2016 campaign.
October 2021edit
October 7: As the committee issued further subpoenas to Stop the Steal LLC, Stop the Steal campaign organizer Ali Alexander, and fellow rally organizer Nathan Martin,[312][313] Trump announced he would assert executive privilege to withhold the documents the committee had requested in August.[161]
October 8:
White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki says Biden would not honor Trump's request to assert executive privilege to stop NARA from providing these documents.[162][161][314] Nevertheless, Trump writes NARA asserting privilege over about forty documents.[162] The same day, White House counsel Dana Remus advises NARA archivist David Ferriero that the challenged documents were to be released following a 30-day courtesy warning to Trump.[315][316]
A lawyer for Bannon says in a letter to the committee that Bannon would not comply with the subpoena for his testimony, because Trump had asserted executive privilege and instructed him to defy the subpoena.[172]
October 13: The committee subpoenas Jeffrey Clark and schedules him to provide documents and testimony later in the month. As assistant attorney general, Clark angled for a promotion to attorney general by promising Trump he would help overturn the election results. Former acting attorney general Jeffrey Rosen, who resisted Clark's efforts to interfere with the election outcome, is interviewed by the committee.[317][318]
October 14: After Bannon does not appear for his scheduled deposition, the committee says it would initiate proceedings to hold Bannon in criminal contempt.[319] The committee also announces that Patel and Meadows were "engaging" with their investigation, and postpones both their depositions scheduled for October 14 and 15 respectively.[320] Scavino, meanwhile, also has his October 15 deposition postponed because the committee was unable to locate him,[321] and he did not formally receive the subpoena until October 8.[322][323][320]
October 18: Trump sues to prevent NARA from turning over the records to the committee or at least to allow him "to conduct a full privilege review of all of the requested materials" so he can choose which records NARA provides. His lawsuit, submitted by attorney Jesse R. Binnall, complains that the records request is "illegal, unfounded, and overbroad" and amounts to a "fishing expedition".[324][325] Meanwhile, NARA plans to release the documents on November 12.[326]
October 19: The committee votes unanimously to adopt a contempt of Congress report against Bannon and refer it to the full House for a vote.[327]
October 21: All 220 House Democrats and 9 House Republicans vote to hold Bannon in contempt of Congress, referring his case to the DOJ, which will decide whether to prosecute him.[328][329]
October 22: CNN reports that Cheney and Kinzinger have interviewed former Trump director of strategic communicationsAlyssa Farah. She had resigned in December 2020 and told CNN after the January 6 attack that Trump had lied to the American people about the election results.[330]
October 25: Biden once again says he would not assert executive privilege; this regarded a second batch of documents the committee had requested from NARA.[163]
October 26: The Washington Post reports that more people are expected to be subpoenaed, including legal scholar John Eastman, who supported Trump's claims about the 2020 election.[331][332]
October 29: Jeffrey Clark, having parted ways with his attorney several days previously, does not appear for his scheduled deposition.[333]
October 30: In a court filing, NARA details that Trump sought to block about 750 pages of documents among the nearly 1,600 requested by the committee, including hundreds of pages of statements and talking points by Trump press secretary Kayleigh McEnany; daily presidential diaries, schedules, and appointment information; White House visitor, activity, and phone logs from on and around January 6; drafts of speeches, remarks, and correspondence relating to the Capitol attack; and handwritten notes from chief of staff Mark Meadows.[334]
November 2021edit
November 5: Jeffrey Clark and his new attorney meet with investigators to state Clark would not cooperate unless compelled by a court order, asserting that Trump's "confidences are not his to waive", citing attorney-client privilege. In a letter to the committee, Clark's attorney cites a letter from a Trump attorney specifically stating Trump would not try to block Clark's testimony.[333][335][336]
November 8: The committee subpoenaed Bill Stepien; Jason Miller; Michael Flynn; John Eastman; Angela McCallum; and Bernard Kerik,[337][338] at least some of whom were suspected to have been connected to the "war room" operation at the Willard Hotel.[339] All were required to provide documents by November 23 and scheduled to testify under oath through December.[338]
Federal judge Tanya Chutkan denies Trump's October 18 request to stop NARA from releasing documents. Trump's claim "that he may override the express will of the executive branch", she wrote in a 39-page ruling, "appears to be premised on the notion that his executive power 'exists in perpetuity'. But Presidents are not kings, and Plaintiff is not President."[343][164] (The previous evening, Trump had filed an emergency request for a preemptive injunction against Chutkan's forthcoming decision, but Chutkan rejected it two hours later as legally defective and premature.)[344][345] Trump immediately asks Chutkan for an injunction, which she denies.[346][347] However, the DC Circuit Court of Appeals grants Trump's request for an injunction on November 11 and schedules oral arguments before a three-judge panel for November 30.[348]
November 22: Subpoenas are issued for InfoWars host Alex Jones and longtime Republican operative Roger Stone, as well as two Stop the Steal organizers, Dustin Stockton and Jennifer Lawrence, and Trump spokesman and Save America PAC communications director Taylor Budowich.[352] Warrants for Proud Boys and Oath Keepers, and their respective leaders Enrique Tarrio and Stewart Rhodes, are issued the following day.[353] Robert Patrick Lewis, chairman of 1st Amendment Praetorian, a group alleged to have provided security at several rallies before January 6, is also subpoenaed that day.
November 24: In advance of the hearing scheduled for November 30 regarding the release of NARA records, Trump's attorneys submit a reply brief. They claim that Biden's willingness to release the records served his "own political advantage" and "will result in permanent damage to the institution of the presidency".[354]
November 30: Trump's lawyers asked the judges on the DC Circuit Court of Appeals to review each document and decide whether to release each one to Congress. The three judges denied this request. Judge Patricia Millett said the dispute was not about the content of these specific documents but rather the principle of "what happens when the current incumbent president" (in this case, Biden) says he will not interfere with an information exchange between NARA and Congress. (The court went on to rule against Trump on December 9; Trump went on to appeal to the Supreme Court on December 23; and the Supreme Court denied his request on January 19, 2022.)[355]
December 2021edit
December 1:
The committee voted unanimously to hold Jeffrey Clark in contempt of Congress.[356] Clark had said he planned to invoke the Fifth Amendment, which protects people from being forced to self-incriminate.[357] (He was given a new deposition date of December 4, but due to his report of a "medical condition", the deposition was postponed;[358] he eventually appeared on February 2, 2022, but did not answer substantive questions.[359])
A 36-page memorandum by Colonel Earl G. Matthews was sent to the committee contesting the findings of the DoD Inspector General report on the response to the riot. The memorandum accused two principal sources of the report of perjury in an attempted coverup of acting Army Secretary Ryan McCarthy's inaction during the riot.[360]
December 7: Mark Meadows's attorney said he would cease cooperating. Meadows had already provided 2,300 text messages, including those sent during the riot in which he informed others what Trump was doing, and some 6,800 pages of emails.[111][100] Among the documents was a January 5 38-page PowerPoint presentation entitled "Election Fraud, Foreign Interference & Options for 6 JAN" to be provided "on the hill"; a November 6 text exchange with a member of Congress in which Meadows reportedly said "I love it" in a discussion about the fake electors scheme; and a November 7 email discussing that scheme as part of a "direct and collateral attack".[361][362][363] Meadows objected to the committee's subpoena of telecom carriers for the call and text metadata of more than 100 people, including himself and others in Trump's inner circle.[364] He sued Nancy Pelosi, the committee and its members to block his subpoena as well as the subpoena issued to Verizon for his phone records.[365][366] NARA said it was working with Meadows' lawyers to obtain more documents from him.[100]
December 9:
A reporter for The Guardian, Hugo Lowell, tweeted slides from a PowerPoint presentation that recommended Trump declare a national security emergency to return himself to office and was reportedly referenced in emails Meadows turned over to the committee.[367][368]
The three-judge panel of the DC Circuit Court of Appeals unanimously rejected Trump's appeal to have his White House records withheld from the committee. However, NARA was not permitted to deliver the records to Congress for another two weeks to allow Trump sufficient time to appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court.[165]
December 10: The Guardian reported that Meadows had turned over a 38-page PowerPoint presentation entitled "Election Fraud, Foreign Interference & Options for 6 JAN" to the committee as well as the email referring to the presentation. It recommended that Trump declare a national security emergency to delay the January 6 certification of electors, reject all ballots cast by machine, and have paper ballots secured by U.S. marshals and National Guard troops to conduct a recount. (The newspaper also saw a 36-page version that was not substantially different.)[132][369] Meadows's attorney said the PowerPoint presentation had arrived in Meadows's email inbox and that Meadows did not act on it. This presentation (as was reported the next day) detailed an elaborate theory that China and Venezuela had taken control of voting machines, and it had been distributed by Phil Waldron, a retired Army colonel who specialized in psychological operations during his career. Waldron said he had spoken to Meadows "maybe eight to 10 times", had attended a November 25 Oval Office meeting with Trump and others, and had briefed several members of Congress on the presentation. Waldron was a Trump campaign associate who made false assertions of election fraud as an expert witness during hearings alongside Rudy Giuliani in Arizona, Georgia, and Michigan.[135]
December 12: The committee released a report revealing that Meadows had sent an email on January 5 promising that the National Guard would "protect pro Trump people".[370] The report also included what the committee said were an email and text messages to members of Congress discussing how Trump might persuade legislators of some states to change their certified elector slates from Biden to Trump, writing Trump "thinks the legislators have the power, but the VP has power too". Meadows asked the members how Trump could contact such legislators, which the president did via a conference call with 300 of them on January 2, providing them purported evidence of fraud they might use to decertify their election results. Three days later, dozens of legislators from Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin wrote Pence asking him to postpone the January 6 certification of electors for ten days "affording our respective bodies to meet, investigate, and as a body vote on certification or decertification of the election".[371][372]
December 13: Before the committee voted unanimously to recommend a contempt of Congress charge against Meadows to the full House, Cheney read aloud some text messages Meadows received on and around January 6 that revealed the perspectives of Trump allies at that time.[120][373] Cheney suggested that Trump may have committed a felony by corruptly obstructing the electoral certification proceedings.[374][375]
December 14: The House voted 222–208 to find Meadows in criminal contempt of Congress and to refer the matter to the Justice Department. The only two Republicans to join Democrats in the vote against Meadows were Liz Cheney and Adam Kinzinger, both of whom serve on the committee.[101] Prior to the vote, more text messages to Meadows were presented on the House floor, including one sent on the day after the election that proposed a strategy to send electors selected by Republican-controlled legislatures in three states directly to the Supreme Court before voting results had been determined in those states.[376] CNN later reported that the committee believed the text came from Rick Perry, the former Texas governor and secretary of energy during the Trump administration. Though a Perry spokesman denied Perry sent the text, CNN had evidence that it came from Perry's phone. Committee member Jamie Raskin acknowledged that the text's author had been initially misidentified as a lawmaker.[112]
December 16: The White House counsel's office agreed in writing to delay their pursuit of NARA's release of some documents. Although Biden rejected Trump's claim of executive privilege, the White House nevertheless had its own concerns about the records request and said it should be narrowed so as not to expose highly classified or irrelevant information.[377] The committee on December 16 also moved to subpoena Waldron, the purported author of the PowerPoint presentation turned over by Meadows.[378]
December 17: Roger Stone appeared before the committee for less than an hour[379] and asserted his Fifth Amendment rights to refuse to answer questions. Through his legal team, he claimed he was avoiding the "elaborate trap" of the committee's "loaded questions".[380]
December 20: Committee chair Thompson wrote to Representative Scott Perry asking him to provide information about his involvement in the effort to install Jeffrey Clark as acting attorney general. Thompson believed Perry had been involved in the effort to install Clark, given witness testimony from former acting attorney general Jeffrey Rosen and his deputy Richard Donoghue, as well as communications between Perry and Meadows.[381][382][383] Perry declined the request the next day.[384] Among the text messages to Meadows the committee released on December 14 was one attributed to a "member of Congress" dated January 5 that read "Please check your signal", a reference to the encrypted messaging system Signal. In his letter to Perry, Thompson mentioned evidence that Perry had communicated with Meadows using Signal, though Perry denied sending that particular message.[385][386]
December 22: Thompson wrote a letter to congressman Jim Jordan requesting a meeting to discuss his communications with Trump and possibly his associates on and around January 6.[387][388]
December 23:
The Washington Post reported that the committee was considering a recommendation to the Department of Justice of opening a possible criminal investigation into Trump for his activities on January 6.[93]
Trump appealed to the Supreme Court to block NARA from releasing documents to the committee, which Trump's lawyers claimed would cause him "irreparable harm". Later that day, the committee asked the court to prioritize its decision on whether it would hear Trump's case.[389][390][391] (The court would eventually reject Trump's emergency request a month later, which allowed the committee to receive the records, and it would also decline to hear his case a month after that.)
December 24: While suing to block a subpoena of his bank records from JP Morgan, current Trump spokesman Taylor Budowich said in a court filing that he had cooperated extensively with the committee by providing 1,700 pages of documents and about four hours of sworn testimony relating to the planning and financing of Trump's speech outside the White House on January 6.[392] The subpoena of JP Morgan had not been public knowledge until Budowich's lawsuit revealed it. It is the first time this committee has been known to subpoena a bank directly.[77]
December 27: Thompson told The Guardian that the committee would investigate a call Trump made to his associates at the Willard Hotel on the night before the January 6 attack.[d][393]
December 29: Trump's attorney complained to the Supreme Court that, if the committee's work had any "legislative purpose", it was merely a pretext for "what is essentially a law enforcement investigation". This would invalidate the investigation, according to Trump's lawyers, since the congressional mandate requires a legislative purpose.[394] Trump's attorney cited Thompson's recent acknowledgment that the committee could make a criminal referral.[394]
December 31: Bernard Kerik provided documents to the committee. He did not provide what he considered to be attorney work product documents; he described these in a "privilege log". One was described as a draft letter from Trump that cited national security reasons to seize election-related evidence. It was dated December 17, the day before Trump, Flynn, Giuliani and others met in the Oval Office to discuss options including seizing voting machines. Another document detailed a sweeping nationwide communications plan to persuade Republican representatives at the state and federal level "to disregard the fraudulent vote count and certify the duly-elected President Trump."[395]
2022edit
January 2022edit
January 5: Former Trump White House aide Stephanie Grisham testified to the committee.[396] She reportedly said that Trump held secret meetings in the White House residence in the weeks before the Capitol attack and that the Secret Service had received a presidential document reflecting Trump's intentions to march to the Capitol on January 6.[397]
January 8: The Guardian reported the committee was examining whether Trump had overseen a criminal conspiracy that connected efforts to block Biden's election certification with the Capitol attack.[398]
January 9: Representative Jim Jordan declined the committee's December 22 request for an interview.[399]
January 10: An article in Politico drew renewed attention to the fake electors scheme in which unauthorized individuals had forged certificates of ascertainment claiming that Trump won their state's electoral votes. These unauthorized individuals had sent the false documents to NARA; NARA had rejected them. The committee was reportedly interviewing state officials, especially in Arizona, Georgia, Michigan and Pennsylvania, to retrace Trump's efforts to subvert the election at the state level.[400]
January 12:
The committee asked Republican House minority leader Kevin McCarthy to voluntarily provide information. In a letter to McCarthy, the committee summarized its knowledge of McCarthy's positions and actions, and it asked McCarthy if he'd discussed his own shifts in tone with Trump or his aides, especially considering any investigations. McCarthy said hours later he would not cooperate.[401][402][403]
CNN reported the committee was investigating fraudulent certificates of ascertainment created by Trump allies in seven states in late December 2020. The documents had been published by the watchdog group American Oversight in March 2021 but received little attention until January 2022. Michigan attorney general Dana Nessel announced on January 14 that after a months-long investigation she had asked the U.S. Justice Department to open a criminal investigation.[404][405][406] Deputy attorney general Lisa Monaco confirmed several days later that the department was reviewing the matter.[407]
January 19: The Supreme Court ruled that NARA could release the Trump White House documents to the committee.[408] It did not provide a reason, stating simply that it "denied" Trump's request. However, it did make a comment: As the Court of Appeals had acknowledged it would have denied Trump's request even had he still been in office, anything the Court of Appeals said about "Trump's status as a former President" was legally "nonbinding". The votes of the justices were not disclosed, except for the dissent of Justice Clarence Thomas.[409][410] (Thomas's wife, Ginni Thomas, had attended the January 6 rally, which was not reported until two months after the Supreme Court's decision.)[411]
January 20:
The committee asked Ivanka Trump for a voluntary interview. (She was interviewed, ultimately, on April 5.)[412][413]
In the evening, the committee received the documents from NARA that they had been seeking since August.[147][148]
January 23: Thompson disclosed the committee had been talking with former U.S. attorney general William Barr, as well as some Pentagon officials. (Months later, it was further clarified that the committee's Vice Chair, Liz Cheney, had spoken to Barr informally, at his home, for two hours in the fall of 2021.)[415] Barr had been a staunch ally of Trump until his December 1, 2020, announcement that the Justice Department had not found evidence of significant election irregularities. Trump was angered by the finding and announced Barr's resignation on Twitter two weeks later.[416][417][418]
January 24:
In an effort to withhold 19,000 emails subpoenaed by the committee, an attorney for John Eastman told a federal judge that they were protected by attorney-client privilege because Eastman had been representing Trump while participating in the January 2 conference call with legislators; the January 3 Oval Office meeting with Trump and Pence; and while working at the Willard Hotel. Eastman had not previously asserted privilege. The emails were stored on servers at Eastman's former employer, Chapman University, which had been subpoenaed and did not object to their release. The judge ordered the emails released to Eastman's legal team to identify which they asserted were privileged, before allowing a third party to scrutinize them.[419]
The committee subpoenaed the telephone records of Arizona Republican Party chair Kelli Ward and her husband, Michael Ward. Both Wards were "alternate electors" who signed the false Arizona certificate of ascertainment. Kelli Ward was among the most prominent of Republican officials who worked with Trump to stoke claims of election fraud and later was involved in sending the false certificates to Congress.[420][421]
January 26: Marc Short, who had been Pence's chief of staff, was interviewed by the committee.[422] They asked him about a conversation on January 5, 2021, in which he predicted that Trump would very soon publicly turn against Pence, likely posing a security risk to Pence. Short had spoken to Pence's lead Secret Service agent on that day to advise him of the risk.[423]
January 28:
The committee subpoenaed fourteen Republicans in seven states who falsely asserted they were the chairperson and secretary on slates of Trump electors presented on bogus certificates of ascertainment.[424]
Former Trump deputy press secretary Judd Deere was subpoenaed. The committee stated in a letter to Deere that he had helped with "formulating White House's response to the January 6 attack as it occurred" and it wanted to discuss a January 5 Oval Office staff meeting he attended with Trump.[425]
January 31: The New York Times reported there were two executive orders drafted in mid-December to allow Trump to order the seizure of voting machines, predicated on baseless allegations of foreign tampering advanced by Waldron, Flynn and Powell. One document ordered the Defense Department to seize the machines, while the other called for the Department of Homeland Security to conduct the seizures. Giuliani persuaded Trump to avoid the former, but at Trump's direction he asked Ken Cuccinelli, the second in command at DHS, if seizures were possible; Cuccinelli responded DHS did not have the authority. Trump had also suggested to attorney general Bill Barr in November that the Justice Department could conduct the seizures, which Barr quickly said the department would not do. The Times reported the next day that the committee was scrutinizing Trump's involvement.[426][427]
February 2022edit
February 1:
NARA notified Trump that it planned to deliver some of Pence's records to the committee on March 3.[428]
Kelli and Michael Ward filed suit to preclude their telephone carrier from releasing the records on February 4, asserting that as practicing physicians their confidential communications with patients would be compromised.[420]
February 9: The committee subpoenaed Peter Navarro, a top Trump trade and manufacturing policy advisor, who had publicly said after the election that he worked with Steve Bannon and other Trump allies in an "operation" to delay the final certification of the election results in an effort to change the outcome.[429]
February 15: Biden rejected Trump's claim of executive privilege over the White House visitor logs for dates including January 6, 2021. NARA had provided these visitor logs to the Biden White House for review. The day after Biden's approval, NARA notified Trump that they would deliver the visitor logs to the committee on March 3.[430]
February 22: The Supreme Court declined to hear Trump's challenge to the release of the NARA records. The records had already been delivered to the committee on January 20 after the court denied Trump's emergency request. The Supreme Court was now saying it would not hear Trump's case at all. It did not disclose its reasoning or decision process.[167]
February 24: Politico reported a woman who was awaiting sentencing for breaching the Capitol asserted she also had extensive ties with the Pennsylvania Republican party, and had testified to committee investigators four times since October 2021. She said she had attended events "surrounded by Congressman, Senators, even Trump advisers" and was "promised future benefits, including a possible White House job." She also stated a "Trump adviser" asked her to help solicit affidavits alleging election fraud. She was the first indicted person to publicly disclose that her involvement extended beyond the attack and into the Republican establishment.[431]
February 25: Kimberly Guilfoyle, Donald Trump Jr.'s fiancée, appeared for a voluntary interview but abruptly left her video deposition when she realized committee members were present. Her lawyer subsequently complained that someone had leaked the news of the interview to the press.[432]
March 2022edit
March 1: The committee subpoenaed six attorneys involved in Trump's efforts to overturn the election, including by filing lawsuits, pressuring local election officials to change the results and drafting proposed executive orders to seize voting machines.[433]
March 2: Document 160 from the John C. Eastman v. Bennie G. Thompson et al. case The committee stated in a federal court filing for Eastman v. Thompson that the evidence it had acquired "provides, at minimum, a good-faith basis for concluding" Trump and his campaign violated multiple laws in a criminal conspiracy to defraud the United States by attempting to prevent Congress from certifying his defeat. The filing in the District Court for the Central District of California challenged Eastman's court efforts to shield his emails from the committee, as he asserted attorney-client privilege.[434][435][436][437] It contained a January 6, 2021, email exchange in which Pence's chief counsel Greg Jacob rebuked Eastman for proposing that Pence stop the vote certification. Jacob said that, "as a legal framework, it is a results-oriented position that you would never support if attempted by the opposition, and essentially entirely made up."[438]
March 3: Kimberly Guilfoyle was subpoenaed. The committee believed she was active in fundraising for the rallies preceding the attack and was in the Oval Office that day.[432]
March 4: Rudy Giuliani's attorneys suggested that he may not comply with his subpoena, given the committee's treatment of Eastman. Giuliani has asserted attorney-client privilege, the type of privilege that the committee asked a judge on March 2 to waive for Eastman.[439]
A federal judge said he would review 111 of John Eastman's emails from January 4–7, 2021 to determine whether they are protected by attorney-client or attorney work-product privilege.[442]
March 28: Document 260: 28 March 2022 Order of Judge David O. Carter from the John C. Eastman v. Bennie G. Thompson et al. case
The committee voted unanimously to hold Dan Scavino and Peter Navarro in contempt for refusing to testify.[443] The next step would be for the full House to vote.[444]
Judge David O. Carter reviewed Eastman's emails and said "the illegality of the plan was obvious" and ordered 101 emails to be turned over to the committee. Although neither Eastman nor Trump had been charged with a crime, the judge also wrote: "Based on the evidence, the Court finds that it is more likely than not that President Trump and Dr. Eastman dishonestly conspired to obstruct the Joint Session of Congress on January 6, 2021."[445] Carter also wrote, referring to Kenneth Chesebro's December 13, 2020, email to Rudy Giuliani and others: "President Trump's team transformed a legal interpretation of the Electoral Count Act into a day-by-day plan of action. The draft memo pushed a strategy that knowingly violated the Electoral Count Act".[446][447] Chesebro's email was later found to have included a proposal for Pence to recuse himself; Chesebro argued that vice presidents have a conflict of interest if they have just run for reelection, and he suggested that instead Chuck Grassley or another senior senate Republican should certify the election results. In this strategy, when the senator opened the Arizona envelopes and found two conflicting elector slates, he would halt the certification and suggest possible remedies such as allowing the Republican-controlled state legislature to appoint electors. Grassley told Roll Call on January 5 that "We don't expect [Pence] to be there", though Grassley's office quickly walked back the statement and said neither he nor his staff had been aware of the proposal.[448][449]
March 29: Committee chair Thompson called it "concerning" that no record of phone calls made by President Trump from 11:17 a.m. to 6:54 p.m. on January 6 had been found in eleven pages of records turned over to the committee. The committee was investigating whether it had received the complete phone log and whether Trump had used other phones.[450]
March 31: Jared Kushner voluntarily spoke to the committee for six hours. He was the first Trump family member to be interviewed.[451]
April 2022edit
April 5: Ivanka Trump voluntarily spoke to the committee for eight hours.[187]
April 8:
The Guardian reported the committee had found evidence the Capitol attack included a coordinated assault by the Proud Boys and Oath Keepers, as well as possible coordination with Save America rally organizers.[452]
CNN reported that documents the committee obtained included a text message Donald Trump Jr. sent to Meadows two days after the election. The text outlined paths to subvert the Electoral College process and ensure his father a second term. Trump Jr. wrote, "It's very simple. We have multiple paths. We control them all. We have operational control. Total leverage. Moral high ground. POTUS must start second term now." He continued, "Republicans control 28 states Democrats 22 states. Once again Trump wins", adding, "We either have a vote WE control and WE win OR it gets kicked to Congress 6 January 2021." Biden had not yet been declared the winner at the time of the text.[453]
April 10: The New York Times reported that committee members were divided on whether to make a criminal referral to the DOJ, though they agreed they had sufficient evidence.[454] Vice chair Liz Cheney said there had been "a massive and well-organized and well-planned effort that used multiple tools to try to overturn an election" and that it was "absolutely clear" that Trump and his allies "knew it was unlawful".[455][456]
NARA archivist David S. Ferriero gave Trump advance notice that he planned to turn over more documents to the committee on April 28.[458]
April 15: CNN published text messages the committee had obtained from Mark Meadows, focused on his communications with Senator Mike Lee and Representative Chip Roy, both of whom had backed off their initial support of Trump's efforts to challenge the election. Lee had grown disillusioned with Sidney Powell's wild claims, and when no state legislatures convened to pursue Eastman's fake electors scheme, Lee had voted to approve the official electoral results. He then criticized senators Ted Cruz and Josh Hawley for their continued election denial.[459][460]
April 18: A court filing by Eastman indicated that he was still trying to withhold 37,000 pages of emails. Federal judge David Carter will again consider his request.[461]
April 20: The Justice Department wrote to the committee with a broad request for transcripts of witness interviews "and of any additional interviews you conduct in the future", acknowledging that they could be used "as evidence in potential criminal cases, to pursue new leads or as a baseline for new interviews conducted by federal law enforcement officials". Kenneth Polite, assistant attorney general for the criminal division, and Matthew Graves, the U.S. attorney for the District of Columbia, wrote the committee's lead investigator Timothy Heaphy, advising him that the transcripts "may contain information relevant to a criminal investigation we are conducting".[16]
May 2022edit
May 1: U.S. District Judge Timothy J. Kelly rejected the RNC's attempt to protect its Salesforce fundraising data from being released to the committee. The committee had claimed that the RNC and the Trump campaign had sent emails through Salesforce to spread claims of election fraud which in turn "motivated" the attack on the Capitol. Acknowledging the committee's position, the judge ruled that the committee has the constitutional right to seek information through a subpoena, and he rejected the RNC's argument that the First Amendment shields its information.[462]
May 2: The committee requested voluntary interviews with Representatives Mo Brooks of Alabama, Andy Biggs of Arizona, and Ronny Jackson of Texas.[463] All three declined.[464]
May 6: Rudy Giuliani, scheduled to testify on this day, backed out after requesting and being denied the right to record his testimony.[465]
May 12: The committee issued subpoenas to House Republican leader Kevin McCarthy and Republican congressmen Jim Jordan, Mo Brooks, Scott Perry and Andy Biggs. The subpoenaing of House members by a committee had no modern precedent, apart from those of the House Ethics Committee. Unlike other subpoenas issued by the committee, the scope and contents of these were not disclosed, including whether documents or communications records were demanded.[466][467]
May 17: The New York Times reported the committee was negotiating with the Justice Department to exchange the witness interview transcripts for information the DOJ has. This was also the first news report about the April 20 request.[16]
May 19:
The committee asked Republican congressman Barry Loudermilk to voluntarily meet with investigators, writing, "we believe you have information regarding a tour you led through parts of the Capitol complex" the day before the attack, adding that "reporting and witness accounts indicate some individuals and groups engaged in efforts to gather information about the layout of the U.S. Capitol, as well as the House and Senate office buildings, in advance of January 6, 2021."[468] (The committee later publicly identified the man who photographed hallways and staircases in the Capitol complex as Trevor Hallgren, who had traveled to Washington with Danny Hamilton. On January 6, Hamilton carried a flag with a sharpened tip that he suggested was a weapon intended for a specific target, while Hallgren named Democratic politicians and said: "We’re coming for you... We’re coming to take you out.")[469][470] In Loudermilk's same-day reply, he said he gave a tour to a family with young children. He denied that it was "a suspicious group or 'reconnaissance tour'", and he did not indicate whether he intended to cooperate with the committee.[471]
Former attorney general Bill Barr was reportedly in active negotiations to provide sworn testimony and formal transcribed testimony.[472][415]
John Eastman revealed that he sometimes spoke directly with Trump about a strategy to overturn the election but also had six intermediaries who could reach Trump for him. In a court filing, Eastman sought to block the committee from receiving two of Trump's handwritten notes, communications from seven state legislators, a document discussing possible "scenarios for Jan. 6", and a document discussing possible election-related lawsuits.[473]
May 20: Giuliani spoke with the committee for more than nine hours.[474]
June 2022edit
June 2: Bill Barr gave in-person testimony behind closed doors for two hours.[475]
June 3: The FBI arrested Peter Navarro, who had been indicted by a grand jury the previous day for contempt of Congress.[14] Chairman Thompson and Vice Chair Cheney said it was "puzzling"[476] that the DOJ had decided not to prosecute Mark Meadows and Dan Scavino, both of whom Congress had also held in contempt months earlier.[477]
June 7: Judge David Carter ruled that Eastman must disclose an additional 159 sensitive documents to the committee. Ten documents related to three December 2020 meetings by a secretive group, including someone whom Carter characterized as a "high-profile" leader, strategizing about how to overturn the election. Carter decided that one email in particular contained likely evidence of a crime, and he ordered it disclosed under the crime-fraud exception of attorney-client privilege. It contained a warning by an unidentified attorney that the Trump legal team should not go to court over the upcoming Congressional session to certify the Electoral College vote count, since litigating might "tank the January 6 strategy".[478]
June 9: First public hearing. New footage of the attack was shown, and the first witnesses testified publicly.[479] It was revealed that Representative Scott Perry had requested a pardon at the end of the Trump administration.[480]
June 12: Committee members Adam Schiff and Jamie Raskin told reporters there was enough evidence to recommend that the Justice Department indict President Donald Trump.[481][482]
June 13: Second public hearing. The committee presented testimony that Trump knew he lost the 2020 election yet promoted the false narrative to exploit donors, raking in "half a billion" dollars.[483][484]
June 15:
The committee released video of Representative Barry Loudermilk leading 15 people through the Capitol complex on January 5, 2021, the day before the insurrection. One unnamed man was seen photographing Capitol passageways such as staircases. In a separate video taken the next day during the insurrection, the same man stood outside the Capitol building and screamed threats about Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi and others.[485] On May 19, when the committee had requested a voluntary interview with Loudermilk about the matter, he wrote a statement claiming he had given a tour to "a constituent family with young children" on January 5 who "did not enter the Capitol grounds on the 6th".[486] On June 15, Loudermilk again denied responsibility, but this time he omitted the denial of their presence at the Capitol on January 6.[485] He also complained—despite continuing to refuse the committee's request for an interview—that the committee had not spoken to him directly about his activities.[487]
The New York Times reported on an email exchange dated December 24, 2020, that the committee had obtained, between Eastman, attorney Kenneth Chesebro and Trump campaign officials. Eastman wrote he was aware of a "heated fight" within the Supreme Court about whether to hear a case, and participants in the email exchange discussed whether to file a Wisconsin case that four justices would agree to bring before the full court. Eastman wrote: "The odds are not based on the legal merits but an assessment of the justices' spines." Chesebro responded that the "odds of action before Jan. 6 will become more favorable if the justices start to fear that there will be 'wild' chaos on Jan. 6 unless they rule by then, either way". Chesebro, a New York appellate attorney, had 11 days earlier emailed Rudy Giuliani with a proposal for Pence to recuse himself from the January 6 certification so a senior Republican senator could count fraudulent elector slates to declare Trump the victor.[488][489]
June 16:
Third public hearing.
Having recently acquired Ginni Thomas's emails with Eastman,[490] Thompson and Cheney reversed a previous decision and asked her for an interview.[491][492]
June 17: After receiving another letter from the Justice Department, now characterizing transcripts of witness interviews as "critical" to its investigations, the committee said it was "engaged in a cooperative process to address" the DOJ's needs. Like the April 20 letter, this letter was signed by Matthew Graves and Kenneth Polite, with the addition of Matthew Olsen, the Assistant Attorney General for the National Security Division.[493]
June 21:
Fourth public hearing.
Politico reported the committee had subpoenaed documentary filmmaker Alex Holder the previous week. Holder had been granted extensive access to Trump and his inner circle and had filmed interviews with Trump before and after January 6. The existence of the footage had not been previously reported.[494] The resultant documentary miniseries, Unprecedented, was released two weeks later.[495]
June 23: Fifth public hearing. Former DOJ officials during the Trump administration testified live about how Trump tried to enlist the DOJ to overturn the 2020 presidential election.[496] Videotaped testimony revealed that Representatives Mo Brooks, Andy Biggs, and Louie Gohmert asked for pardons at the end of the Trump administration. Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene may also have asked for a pardon, according to a former aide to White House chief of staff Mark Meadows.[497] It had been reported two months earlier that GOP Representative Matt Gaetz had asked for a blanket pardon;[498] his pardon request was also discussed at the hearing.
June 28: Sixth public hearing.
July 2022edit
July 8:
Pat Cipollone, former White House counsel, testified for eight hours. He had already given a closed-door interview on April 13 and had been subpoenaed on June 29.[499] Representative Zoe Lofgren said his testimony was consistent with that of other witnesses and that he spoke about Trump's "dereliction of duty".[500][501] Testimony was closed-door and videotaped. In response to some questions, he asserted executive privilege.[502]
Stewart Rhodes, leader of the Oath Keepers, offered – from jail – to testify to the committee, under the conditions that his testimony is presented without editing before an open forum, somewhere other than jail.[501]
July 9: Trump wrote to Steve Bannon, who was anticipating imminent trial for his federal indictment for refusing to comply with his subpoena. Trump said he would "waive Executive Privilege for you, which allows you to go in and testify truthfully and fairly", as long as Bannon could agree with the committee on when and where he would testify. Bannon's lawyer immediately wrote to the committee, asking "to testify at your public hearing" rather than in a closed-door deposition that would last hours.[503] (The committee did not entertain the idea.)[504]
July 11: A judge ruled that Steve Bannon's lawyers cannot argue that the committee's subpoena violated House rules nor that Trump ordered him to defy the subpoena.[505]
July 12: Seventh public hearing. Representative Liz Cheney revealed that Donald Trump had called one of the committee's witnesses. That person did not answer Trump's call. The witness was said to be someone who had not yet testified publicly.[88] The person was later further identified (but not named) as a White House support staffer who did not routinely speak to Trump and who had been speaking to the committee. The phone call had happened sometime within the previous two weeks, following Cassidy Hutchinson's public testimony.[506]
July 15:
The committee subpoenaed the U.S. Secret Service for text messages from January 5–6, 2021, that its agents deleted.[507]
July 18: Jury selection began in Steve Bannon's trial.[509]
July 19:
The Secret Service said it could not recover the text messages.[510] The National Archives called for an investigation.[511]
Garrett Ziegler, a Trump White House aide to Peter Navarro, spoke to the committee. Afterward, he livestreamed himself calling the investigation a "Bolshevistic anti-White campaign...[that] see[s] me as a young Christian who they can try to basically scare" and insulting Cassidy Hutchinson and Alyssa Farah Griffin, two Trump administration officials who have cooperated with the committee.[512]
July 20: The Department of Homeland Security's Inspector General informed the Secret Service that it was opening a criminal probe into the missing text messages.[513] This probe is separate from the House committee's subpoena. It was revealed that DHS had already known that the Secret Service had deleted its text messages.[195]
July 21: Eighth public hearing.
July 22: Steve Bannon was convicted of two counts of contempt of Congress for his refusal to testify and produce documents. He will be sentenced on October 21.[514]
July 24: Committee Vice Chair Representative Liz Cheney said the committee would consider subpoenaing Ginni Thomas. They had already asked her on June 16 to meet with them voluntarily.[515][516]
July 26: Chairman Thompson, in his capacity as Chair of the House Homeland Security Committee and Chairwoman Maloney of the House Oversight & Reform Committee sent a joint-letter to DHS IG and Allison C. Lerner, Chair of Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency to have Cuffari step aside from the investigation into the missing Secret Service text messages and have the CIGIE appoint another Inspector General to conduct the investigation.[517]
July 28:
It was reported that the committee had already interviewed Trump's former Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin – as well as other former Cabinet officials, including Labor Secretary Eugene Scalia, Acting Defense Secretary Chris Miller and Acting Attorney General Jeff Rosen – and was likely to interview former Director of National Intelligence John Ratcliffe.[518]
Former acting White House chief of staff Mick Mulvaney spoke to the committee for about two and a half hours. He said he was asked about his involvement in the Trump campaign, his conversations around Election Day, and his messages on January 6.[519]
August 2022edit
August 1: Chairman Thompson repeated his July 26 request, asking DHS IG Cuffari to "step aside". He demanded documents and interviews, citing evidence that Cuffari's staff, at the direction of Deputy Inspector General Thomas Kait, may no longer be trying to obtain the Secret Service messages.[520][521]
August 8: The committee received Alex Jones's text messages. Jones's defense attorneys in the Heslin v. Jones defamation lawsuit by Sandy Hook parents had mistakenly given this telephone data to Mark Bankston, a plaintiff attorney, who then passed the data on to the committee. Bankston informed Judge Maya Guerra Gamble that the House committee had requested the text messages.[522][523][524]
August 9: Mike Pompeo, former Secretary of State, met with the committee. According to Representative Zoe Lofgren, he "answer[ed] questions for quite some time".[525]
August 12: It was reported that the committee had recently spoken to Elaine Chao, Trump's Secretary of Transportation.[526]
Politico reports that aides to the committee had traveled to Copenhagen the previous week to view extensive documentary footage about Roger Stone. The documentary had been filmed by a crew led by Christoffer Guldbrandsen [da].[528][529] In June, Guldbrandsen had refused that FBI could access the footage directly, requiring a court order.[530]
August 30: Tony Ornato retired as the assistant director of the Office of Training at the Secret Service. Hours later, Ornato told NBC News he would cooperate with the investigations of the select committee and of the Department of Homeland Security.[531][532] He had already testified to the select committee in March.[533]
September 2022edit
September 1: The select committee requested that Newt Gingrich voluntarily appear for an interview about his communications with Trump's senior aides before and after the attack as well as his television ads pushing the big lie.[534][535]
September 2: The select committee withdrew its subpoena against the Republican National Committee and Salesforce.[536][537]
September 11:
In an interview on the progressive podcast No Lie with Brian Tyler Cohen, Representative Raskin stated that the select committee had been "taken totally by surprise by this new scandal" of the FBI search of Mar-a-Lago (an event over which the select committee had no jurisdiction). He also noted that the select committee's hearings could pertain to the missing text messages from the Secret Service as well as the Department of Defense.[538]
September 12:
The committee had reportedly been discussing the prioritization of investigative threads[539] including:
Requesting testimony from Mike Pence and Donald Trump.
Whether to subpoena other high-profile individuals, including Virginia "Ginni" Thomas, the wife of Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas.
Referring the former president to the Department of Justice (which is expanding its own criminal probe into January 6).[540]
Taking action against the five Republican lawmakers in the House of Representatives who refused to cooperate with subpoenas: Kevin McCarthy (House Minority Leader), Jim Jordan, Mo Brooks, Andy Biggs, and Scott Perry.
Inquiring into the U.S. Secret Service, including the deletion of text messages, as well as allegations that former Secret Service agent Tony Ornato was personally involved in efforts to discredit the testimony of Trump White House aide Cassidy Hutchinson.
September 13: Chairman Thompson told reporters that the Select Committee planned another public hearing for September 28 (though this was ultimately postponed due to a hurricane).[541] He also said they planned to release an interim report in mid-October (which did not happen).[542][543]
September 14:
Chairman Thompson said the Secret Service had produced "thousands of exhibits", including text messages and "radio traffic", following the committee's July 15 subpoena.[544][545] Representative Lofgren said the committee "really pressed hard for the agency to release" the material.[546]
In a court filing, the committee asked a federal judge in California for another 3,200 pages of emails from John Eastman. Additionally, House Counsel Douglas Letter asked the judge to review the remaining batch of emails and decide whether Eastman's claims of executive privilege are valid.[547][548]
September 15:
The Select Committee released a snippet of radio communications between Oath Keepers who were following live news coverage of the attack and reacting to President Trump's tweets. The select committee did not disclose the identities of these individuals, but they were said to be both on the ground and off-site.[549][550]
Chairman Thompson stated that, in addition to possibly making referrals to the DOJ, the select committee may make referrals to other agencies like the Federal Election Commission.[551]
September 17: John McEntee, who served as Director of the White House Presidential Personnel Office in the Trump Administration, testified that Representative Matt Gaetz sought a preemptive presidential pardon relating to an ongoing DOJ investigation into possible violations of federal sex trafficking laws. The DOJ had been investigating Gaetz since early 2021 over these allegations, including whether Gaetz had a sexual relationship with a 17-year-old girl, but he had not been charged with any crimes.[552] McEntee did not comment. A spokesperson for Gaetz commented indirectly, saying that Gaetz never directly asked Trump for a pardon.[553]
September 19: Vice Chair Liz Cheney and Representative Zoe Lofgren announced they would propose changes to the Electoral Count Act to make it harder to overturn a certified presidential election in the future.[554]
September 20: Rep. Cheney and Rep. Lofgren's bill, H.R. 8873 – The Presidential Election Reform Act,[555] was sent to the House Committee on Rules and passed with a 9–3 vote.[556]
September 21:
HR 8873 passed the House 229–203, with all Democrats in favor. Nine Republicans, most of whom had voted for Trump's 2nd impeachment, also voted in favor.[557] HR 8873 was said to have more detail than the Senate version, S.4573 – Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022.[558][559] Senator Susan Collins, R-Maine, told the Washington Post this week that she preferred the Senate version, as it already had the approval of enough Senate Republicans to pass the filibuster threshold.[560]
Ginni Thomas agreed to a voluntary interview.[561]
September 23: In a 60 Minutes interview, Denver Riggleman, former senior technical adviser for the January 6 Committee as well as an ex-military intelligence officer and former Republican congressman from Virginia, stated that the White House switchboard connected a telephone call to a Capitol rioter on January 6, 2021. Riggleman states that he had begged the January 6 Committee to push harder to identify the numbers. A spokesperson for the select committee that they have "run down all the leads and digested and analyzed all the information that arose from his (Riggleman's) work".[562]
September 25:
Wisconsin State Assembly Speaker Robin Vos (R) filed a lawsuit[563] against the Jan. 6 Select Committee after receiving a subpoena[564] calling him to testify before the committee Monday morning.[565]
Representative Raskin confirmed on Meet The Press that the Select Committee is aware of the communication between the White House switchboard and a rioter during the attack on the capitol. Raskin commented "You know, I can't say anything specific about that particular call, but we are aware of it."
September 27: With Hurricane Ian approaching Florida, the Select Committee postponed its public hearing that had been scheduled for the next day, September 28. In a joint statement, Chairman Thompson and Vice Chair Cheney stated: "We're praying for the safety of all those in the storm's path."[566]
September 28: The scheduled meeting was postponed because of Hurricane Ian.
September 29: Ginni Thomas voluntarily testified in person. Chairman Thompson said Thomas still believes the presidential election was stolen and that she answered "some questions".[567] Thomas also denied having discussed her post-election activities with her husband, a Supreme Court justice.[568]
October 2022edit
October 4: Kelli Ward, Chair of the Arizona Republican Party, declined to answer questions during her subpoenaed testimony before the select committee.[569]
October 7: U.S. District Judge Diane Humetewa dismissed Ward's request to toss out the February 15 subpoena, clearing the way for the select committee to gain access to her cell phone records.[570][571]
October 11: US Capitol Police investigated a letter sent to Chairman Thompson that contained "concerning language" as well as a suspicious substance.[572] They decided it did not pose a threat.[573]
October 13: Ninth public hearing. The select committee voted unanimously, on live national TV, to subpoena Donald Trump.[574][575] Trump wrote a 14-page letter in reply.[576]
October 19: Judge David Carter orders John Eastman to turn over an additional 33 documents to the select committee.[577] Eight emails were of particular importance: Carter said that four related to the crime of obstruction, as they suggest that Eastman and other attorneys aimed primarily to "delay or otherwise disrupt" the certification of the election without necessarily believing the legal arguments they were submitting, and another four discussed filing lawsuits as a delay tactic.[578][579] Carter ruled that they were "sufficiently related to and in furtherance of a conspiracy to defraud the United States.”[580]
October 21:
Steve Bannon was sentenced to four months in prison for refusing to testify.[581] (He went on to appeal his conviction and sentence, so he remains free.)[582][583]
The select committee formally subpoenaed former President Donald Trump for his testimony under oath as well as relevant records, having voted a week earlier to do so. They demanded that Trump provide documents by the morning of November 4 and testify on the morning of November 14.[155][3][181] Vice-chair Cheney later said Trump's testimony must be closed-door and could not be broadcast live.[182] While previous known subpoenas were signed solely by Chair Thompson, this is the first subpoena known to bear Vice-chair Cheney's signature as well.
October 28: Eastman's lawyers gave the eight emails to the committee.[579]
October 31: U.S. District Court Judge Carl Nichols dismissed Mark Meadows’ lawsuit, concluding that the September 23, 2021, subpoena was valid and justified under the Constitution's legislative powers.[585][586]
November 2022edit
November 1: Vice-chair Liz Cheney said the committee was "in discussions" with Trump's lawyers regarding their subpoena for his testimony under oath.[587]
November 2: The committee interviewed former Secret Service agent John Gutsmiedl.[588]
November 3: The select committee interviewed the former head of Pence's security detail, Tim Giebels.[588]
November 4: The select committee issued a brief public statement implying that Trump had not yet turned over any of the subpoenaed records, insisting that he "begin" producing them by "next week" and adding that his November 14 deposition date had not changed.[589]
November 7: The select committee interviewed the person who had driven Trump in the presidential vehicle on the day of the attack. His name was not publicly revealed.[590] He testified that, contrary to Cassidy Hutchinson's testimony about what Tony Ornato had told her, Trump "never grabbed the steering wheel. I didn’t see him, you know, lunge to try to get into the front seat at all.”[591]
November 9: Trump's lawyers wrote to the select committee saying he would "consider" providing written responses instead of spoken testimony.[592]
November 11: Trump sued the select committee to block the October 21 subpoena.[5] "No president or former president has ever been compelled" by a subpoena to provide documents or testimony, his lawyers argued in a 41-page filing. The lawsuit was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida in West Palm Beach, the same district court where Trump recently succeeded in suing for a special master in the Mar-a-Lago documents case.[592][156]
November 14:
Trump did not comply with the subpoena for his deposition. The select committee complained that his lawyers "have made no attempt to negotiate an appearance of any sort, and his lawsuit parades out many of the same arguments that courts have rejected repeatedly over the last year". They said they would "evaluate next steps".[4]
The U.S. Supreme Court denied Arizona GOP chair Kelli Ward's request to quash the select committee's subpoena of her phone records.[593][594]
November 15: Chairman Thompson stated that a Contempt of Congress referral targeting Trump “could be an option”.[595]
November 17: The select committee interviewed the former head of Trump's security detail, Robert Engel.[596]
Chairman Thompson said the committee did not anticipate taking any further witness testimony.[597] Rep. Zoe Lofgren agreed: “We’ve now completed all of our interviews.”[598]
U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland repeated his request for "all" interview transcripts.[599]
House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy wrote a letter warning the committee that the incoming Republican-majority House of Representatives would investigate the committee's work. Chairman Thompson replied that the committee planned to publish most of its findings anyway. He also pointed out that McCarthy had defied a subpoena, "so," Thompson said, "I think the horse has left the barn".[208]
December 2022edit
December 6: Chairman Thompson said the select committee would issue criminal referrals to the Department of Justice[600] but suggested that it had not yet decided whom to refer.[601]
December 13: The committee rescheduled its vote on criminal referrals. The new date was December 19. (Several days previously, it had said it would do this on December 21.)[602][603]
December 19:
The Select Committee had its last public meeting.[92]
Members summarized their investigative findings.
They recommended that Trump be charged with four crimes:[604] 18 U.S.C §§ 1512(c),[605] 371,[606] 1001,[607] and 2383.[608]
They recommended that Eastman be charged with two of the same crimes.[6]
They voted 9–0 to adopt the final report.
To audience applause, they adjourned for the final time.
The introduction to the final report, called the "Executive Summary", was released immediately after the meeting.[609]
The committee's criminal referral to the Department of Justice also named Jeffrey Clark, Kenneth Chesebro, Mark Meadows, and Rudy Giuliani as apparent co-conspirators, though none of them were referred due to lack of evidence.[611][612][613]
After the meeting, Rep. Raskin explained to reporters that more criminal referrals, including for members of Congress, would be laid out in the final report. Raskin told reporters that the committee had referred these individuals because "we felt certain that there was abundant evidence that they had participated in crimes"; he noted that DOJ may criminally charge anyone they choose, should DOJ have evidence to do so.[614]
Trump posted to Truth Social: "What doesn’t kill me makes me stronger."[615] Nonetheless, Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell appeared to blame Trump, saying: "The entire nation knows who is responsible for that day."[616] Other Republican leaders avoided comment.[617]
December 21: The committee began releasing interview transcripts.[21]
December 22:
The committee released transcripts of Cassidy Hutchinson's September 14 and 15, 2022 testimony. There, Hutchinson revealed that Trump allies had pressured her not to testify.[618][619]
In the evening, the committee publicly released its final report. (The report had been expected the previous day but was delayed.)[19] The report recommended that DOJ pursue criminal charges against Trump.[620]
Trump posted to Truth Social, attacking the "highly partisan Unselect Committee Report" without responding to its substance. He repeated several grievances about the select committee and the report, including its failure to look into Republican allegations of security failures being the reason for the January 6 attack.[621]
December 24: Trump posted to Truth Social: "I had almost nothing to do with January 6th,"[622] with his lawyer describing the committee's referrals as "pretty much worthless".[623]
December 28: Chairman Thompson wrote to Trump's lawyers, notifying them that the committee was withdrawing its subpoena and that Trump "is no longer obligated to comply". Thompson explained that, since the new Congress would be seated in less than a week, bringing an end to the committee, "the Select Committee can no longer pursue the specific information covered by the subpoena".[624]
Subpoenasedit
The Select Committee's subpoena power comes pursuant to House Resolution 503, Section 5: Procedures:
"(c) Applicability of Rules Governing Procedures of Committees. – Rule XI of the Rules of Representatives shall apply to the Select Committee except as follows:
(4) The chair of the Select Committee may authorize and issue subpoenas pursuant to clause 2(m) of rule XI in the investigation and study conducted pursuant to sections 3 and 4 of this resolution, including for the purpose of taking depositions.
(5) The chair of the Select Committee is authorized to compel by subpoena the furnishing of information by interrogatory.
(6)(A) The chair of the Select Committee, upon consultation with the ranking minority member, may order the taking of depositions, including pursuant to subpoena, by a Member or counsel of the Select Committee, in the same manner as a standing committee pursuant to section 3(b)(1) of House Resolution 8, One Hundred Seventeenth Congress.
(6)(B) Depositions taken under the authority prescribed in this paragraph shall be governed by the procedures submitted by the chair of the Committee on Rules for printing in the Congressional Record on January 4, 2021.
(7) Subpoenas authorized pursuant to this resolution may be signed by the chair of the Select Committee or a designee"[625]
According to the Congressional Research Service, the chair (or a person they designate) can initiate and authorize subpoenas without consulting the vice-chair or other committee members.[625]
In the January 6th investigation, some people testified and provided documents voluntarily, while others were legally compelled by subpoenas.[626][174][627] The committee did not always publicly announce the subpoenas it issued.[111]
Notably:
In 2021, the committee requested the telephone records of more than 100 people,[628] some of whom sued.[629] In December 2022, as the committee was ending its investigation, at least seven lawsuits were still pending in DC District Court, and the committee gave up waiting and withdrew its subpoenas for the phone data of Sebastian Gorka, Stephen Miller, Cleta Mitchell, Roger Stone, photojournalist Amy Harris, and some January 6 Capitol riot defendants.[630]
On May 12, 2022, the committee subpoenaed five House Republicans: Jim Jordan, Mo Brooks, Scott Perry and Andy Biggs, and Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy.[466] All five refused to cooperate.[597] All except Brooks were referred to the DOJ at the committee's final meeting on December 19, 2022.[15] Representative Thompson, the committee chair, had told NBC's Meet the Press on January 2, 2022, that they would have "no reluctance" to subpoena sitting members of Congress once they determined they had the authority.[631][632]
On July 15, 2022, the committee subpoenaed the U.S. Secret Service. This was the first time it had subpoenaed an agency of the executive branch. The subpoena was issued after it became known the Service had erased text messages from January 5 and 6, 2021, after the DHS inspector general had requested them for an after-action review of the Service involving the January 6 attack. Though the Service claimed the deletions were part of a long-planned "device migration", the inspector general said he believed the Service was not fully cooperating.[507]
On October 21, 2022, the committee subpoenaed former President Trump,[3] but he sued to block it.[592] Given Trump's history, it had seemed unlikely he would comply. In February 2021, for Trump's second impeachment trial, the House's lead impeachment manager, Representative Jamie Raskin, asked him to testify about the events of January 6, but he refused.[633] Trump has consistently urged other Republicans not to cooperate with the House committee's investigation, and he has not cooperated with other major investigations of his own alleged crimes in other matters.[634] Had the full House voted to hold him in criminal contempt of Congress before the new Congress began in early January 2023, DOJ could have charged him for contempt of Congress.[635]
criminal referral to DOJ; DOJ previously said it would not indict him[14] though he originally did not appear,[349] later cooperated, then stopped[636][362] and sued;[637] the judge dismissed his lawsuit on October 31, 2022[106]
criminal referral to DOJ; Fifth Amendment (refused to testify) at February 2, 2022, appearance;[359] previously had invoked executive privilege (refused to testify) at November 5, 2021, appearance[645] and was rescheduled due to illness[646]
testified four times behind closed doors,[655] including February 23 and March 7, 2022,[656] before speaking at the committee's sixth public hearing on June 28, 2022
Kenneth Klukowski
Senior Counsel to Assistant Attorney General Jeffrey Clark
appeared briefly on August 9, but did not answer questions;[693] complied with request for documents; used campaign donations to pay lawyer;[694] sued[695]
Michael A. Roman
Director of Election Day Operations for 2020 Trump campaign
criminal referral to DOJ; previously sued and said he would not appear[592]
Reactionsedit
Prior to committee formationedit
According to several reports, Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy had warned Republican members that if they allowed Speaker Pelosi to appoint them to the select committee, they would be stripped of all their other committee assignments and should not expect to receive any future ones from Pelosi. In an interview with Forbes, Republican Rep. Adam Kinzinger of Illinois said "Who gives a shit?" and added, "When you've got people who say crazy stuff and you're not gonna make that threat, but you make that threat to truth-tellers, you've lost any credibility."[707]
House Leader McCarthy called the rejection of his initial recommendations "unprecedented" in a phone call with Pelosi. In a press conference, he labeled her a "lame duck speaker" out to destroy the institution. The Freedom Caucus pushed for McCarthy to file a motion to vacate the speakership, and punish Cheney and Kinzinger for accepting their appointments to the committee.[708][709] McCarthy later dubbed them "Pelosi Republicans".[295][296] Republicans also stated that if they won the House majority in the 2022 midterm elections, they would come after Democratic committee assignments, targeting Eric Swalwell and Ilhan Omar.[709]Steve Scalise stated that Pelosi had removed any credibility from the committee for rejecting their recommended members and opted instead for a political narrative.[709] Republicans Scott Perry, Chip Roy, and Kelly Armstrong expressed their disdain for both Cheney and Kinzinger and questioned their loyalty to the House Republican Conference, pushing for them to be stripped of their committee assignments.[295]Jim Banks and Mike Rogers stated that the two GOP committee members would be stuck to Pelosi's narrative of events.[295] Cheney and Kinzinger both dismissed comments from their colleagues.[295]
After Speaker Nancy Pelosi rejected two of Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy's picks for the committee and appointed Adam Schiff, The Wall Street Journal editorial board criticized her; while acknowledging that McCarthy's picks were partisan, it claimed that Schiff had "lied repeatedly about the evidence concerning the Trump campaign's collusion with Russia". The editorial board posited, "if Mrs. Pelosi thinks the evidence for her conclusion is persuasive, why would she not want to have it tested against the most aggressive critics?"[710] On the other hand, the San Francisco Chronicle editorial board said: "Pelosi's chief mistake was not also rejecting Rep. Troy Nehls of Texas, who, like Jordan, Banks and a majority of House Republicans, voted to overturn the election on the day of the insurrection. No serious investigation of the riot can be undertaken by those who shared the goals of the rioters." It added that "McCarthy and company killed an independent, bipartisan commission to investigate the attack even though the Republicans' top negotiator agreed to the terms."[711]
After committee formationedit
Some House Republicans—including House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy and Representative Jim Jordan—said they did not watch the committee's first hearing on July 27, 2021. Representative Matthew M. Rosendale said he watched Representative Liz Cheney speak (and was "quite disappointed") but did not watch the police officers' testimony. Republican Conference Chair Elise Stefanik would not say whether she watched.[712]
In late August 2021, after the committee asked telecommunications and social media companies to retain certain records, McCarthy declared that if the companies "turn over private information" to the House committee, then the companies are "in violation of federal law and subject to losing their ability to operate in the United States", and that a future Republican legislative majority will hold the companies "fully accountable".[713] In response to McCarthy's comment, the watchdog group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW) filed a complaint on September 3 with the chief counsel of the Office of Congressional Ethics. CREW noted that the subpoena was legally valid and claimed that McCarthy was illegally obstructing the investigation insofar as he was "threatening retaliation" against the telecommunications companies.[714] Eleven House Republicans who were associated with the January 6 "Stop the Steal" rally sent a September 3 letter to thirteen telecommunications companies stating they "do not consent to the release of confidential call records or data" and threatened legal action against what they asserted were unconstitutional subpoenas.[715][716][717][718]
During a September 2 television interview, McCarthy was asked about "how deeply [Trump] was involved", to which he replied that the FBI and Senate committees had found "no involvement".[719] He and other Republicans had cited an exclusive Reuters report that unnamed current and former law enforcement officials said the FBI had found "scant evidence" of an organized plot to overturn the election. In a September 4 statement, Thompson and Cheney said the committee had queried executive branch agencies and congressional committees investigating the matter and "it's been made clear to us that reports of such a conclusion are baseless."[720][721]
On October 16, The Lincoln Project co-founder Rick Wilson criticized the committee's glacial progress, stating that "I don't believe that they're pursuing this with the degree of vigor that merits the type of targets they're talking about. We're dealing with people like Steve Bannon and Roger Stone and Ali Alexander ... They've had three months, they've done almost nothing."[722]
Representative Scott Perry said on December 21 that he would not cooperate with the committee because, in his view, the committee itself was "illegitimate, and not duly constituted under the rules of the US House of Representatives".[723] Similarly, on January 23, 2022, Newt Gingrich said on Fox News that he believed the committee was breaking laws, but he did not specify which laws.[724]
In June 2022, Fox News announced that it would not carry live coverage of the hearings, relegating it to its sister channel Fox Business and local Fox network affiliates.[726][727][728] Fox News instead carried special editions of Tucker Carlson Tonight and Hannity (the former notably airing commercial-free) that largely featured criticism of the hearing,[728][729] with Carlson deeming it "propaganda", and lower thirds describing it as a "sham", "show trial" and "political theater".[730]The Washington Post reported that members of the committee were given increased security due to greater threats made against them.[731]
On December 21, a Republican-led "shadow committee" consisting of the five House members who Republican Leader Kevin McCarthy initially nominated to the official select committee released its final investigative report, which primarily focused on alleged failures of law enforcement agencies and House Democratic leaders in the lead up to the January 6 attack. The shadow committee's report accused the U.S. Capitol Police of mishandling critical intelligence in the lead-up to the attack, and placed overall blame for security failures on House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and the House Democratic leadership, which the report claims were "closely involved in security decisions in the lead up to and on January 6" .[732][733]
After the final reportedit
In December 2022, Donald Trump responded to the committee's final report by calling the members "Marxists" and "sick people".[734]
On February 22, 2023, Timothy Heaphy, who had served as the committee's top investigator, said he expected "indictments both in Georgia and at the federal level."[735]
On March 8, 2023, the Republican-controlled House Administration’s subcommittee on oversight opened an investigation to review the former House select committee's activities.[736] On August 25, Representative Barry Loudermilk, who was leading the inquiry, requested that the White House provide unredacted transcripts of the committee's interviews with Secret Service agents.[737] On March 11, 2024, the committee released a report criticizing the former House select committee's activities.[738]
In August 2023, Trump was charged with election interference, both federally and in Georgia. Those indictments resemble the information, conclusions, and recommendations made by the House select committee. Former Representative Kinzinger said the DOJ indictment "should have come down a year ago". Representative Raskin told Axios that while the House select committee had delivered "a huge amount of factual information," the federal indictment included "several quoted statements that were definitely new to me." Representative Schiff said that these "new pieces of information" were "principally from witnesses who refused to appear before our committee".[109]
Pollingedit
According to a poll conducted in July 2021 by Politico, a majority of Americans support the January 6 investigation, with 58% overall supporting and 29% opposing; 52% of Republicans polled opposed it.[739] When Politico repeated the poll in December 2021, again, three-fifths supported the committee, including 82% of Democrats, 58% of independents, and 40% of Republicans.[740]
In an August 2021 Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, 58% of American voters said they thought the committee was biased, while 42% thought it was fair.[741] In September 2021, a Pew Research poll found that only 11% of American adults said they were very confident the committee would be fair and reasonable while another 34% were somewhat confident, while a 54% majority said they were not too confident (32%) or not at all confident (22%). Confidence was highly partisan: Nearly two-thirds of Democrats and less than a quarter of Republicans said they were at least somewhat confident.[742]
Just greater than half of Americans polled believe that Trump should face criminal charges for his role in the attack. A Washington Post–ABC News poll taken a week after the attack found 54% giving this response, and over a year later, it had not changed substantially, as 52% gave the same response to the same organization's poll conducted April 24–28, 2022. The division is partisan: five out of six Democrats support charging Trump, while five out of six Republicans oppose doing so.[743]
NBC News found that the percentage of Americans who believe that Trump was solely or mainly responsible for the January 6 attack dropped from 52% in January 2021 to 45% in May 2022. A decrease was found within all subgroups: Democrats, Republicans, and independents.[744] Opinions changed after the committee began public hearings. An Ipsos poll conducted June 17–18, 2022, found that 58% of Americans believe Trump is significantly responsible for the attack on the Capitol.[745] An Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research poll conducted June 23–27, 2022, found that 48% of Americans believe Trump should be charged with a crime.[746]
The same Ipsos poll on June 17–18, 2022, also found that 60% of Americans believe the committee's investigation is fair and impartial.[745] Similarly, an Economist/YouGov poll conducted June 18–21, 2022, found that 78% of Democrats, but only 15% of Republicans and 37% of independents, believe the committee's investigation is "legitimate". 78% of Democrats, but only 22% of Republicans and 41% of independents, said they "strongly" or "somewhat" approved of the committee's work.[747]
Notesedit
^The new Congress convened on January 3; new representatives were sworn in four days later.
^Liz Cheney and Adam Kinzinger had also both voted in January 2021 to impeach Trump for incitement of insurrection.
^The rioter who pinned him with a riot shield pled not guilty and was convicted a year later. "Ridgefield Man Found Guilty on Multiple Charges in Connection to Jan. 6 Riot", NBC Connecticut, September 13, 2022. Accessed December 19, 2022.
^The Guardian had reported the call on November 30.
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^ abFeuer, Alan (December 21, 2021). "A Retired Colonel's Unlikely Role in Pushing Baseless Election Claims". The New York Times.
^ abcLowell, Hugo (December 10, 2021). "Capitol attack panel obtains PowerPoint that set out plan for Trump to stage coup". The Guardian.
^ abcBroadwater, Luke; Feuer, Alan (December 10, 2021). "Jan. 6 Committee Examines PowerPoint Document Sent to Meadows". The New York Times.
^ abBrown, Emma; Swaine, Jon; Alemany, Jacqueline; Dawsey, Josh; Hamburger, Tom (December 11, 2021). "Election denier who circulated Jan. 6 PowerPoint says he met with Meadows at White House". The Washington Post.
^ abDuda, Jeremy (February 3, 2021). "Fann picks Trump-allied firm with history of false election statements to audit Maricopa election". Arizona Mirror.
^Roston, Ram; Heath, Brad; Shiffman, John; Eisler, Peter (December 15, 2021). "The military-intelligence veterans who helped lead Trump's campaign of disinformation". Reuters.
^Swan, Betsy Woodruff (January 24, 2022). "Kerik told Jan. 6 panel that former Army colonel came up with idea to seize voting machines". Politico.
^Swan, Betsy Woodruff (January 21, 2022). "Read the never-issued Trump order that would have seized voting machines". Politico.
^Swan, Betsy Woodruff (February 9, 2022). "Read the emails showing Trump allies' connections to voting machine seizure push". Politico.
^Suebsaeng, Asawin; Tani, Maxwell; Stein, Sam (November 23, 2020). "An OAN Host Has Been Helping Rudy With Trump's Legal Efforts". The Daily Beast.
^Morris, Jason (August 28, 2023). "Meadows testifies about post-January 6 phone calls". CNN. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
^Mazza, Ed (August 22, 2023). "'Sung Like A Canary': Ex-GOP Lawmaker Names Trump Insider Who Flipped". HuffPost. Retrieved August 23, 2023. Meadows has been largely silent in public for months, was barely mentioned in the Jan. 6 indictment against Trump, and has reportedly delivered damaging information when questioned. That's led many to speculate that he's flipped. ... But Meadows was also among the 19 people indicted in the Georgia election interference case, which some believe is an indication to the contrary.
^Lowell, Hugo (November 28, 2023). "Georgia prosecutors oppose plea deals for Trump, Meadows and Giuliani". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved December 14, 2023.
^Bailey, Holly (September 14, 2023). "In Georgia, judge considers splitting up Trump case amid litany of motions". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 14, 2023.
^Rankin, Bill; Hallerman, Tamar (December 15, 2023). "Judges express skepticism of Meadows' removal in Trump case". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. ISSN 1539-7459. Retrieved December 15, 2023.
^Pagliery, Jose (January 3, 2022). "Ex-National Archivist Thinks Trump Is Hiding His Records to Avoid 'Prison Time' - "There are things in those records that are going to make real trouble."". The Daily Beast. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
^ abGonzalez, Oriana (January 21, 2022). "National Archives releases Trump White House records to Jan. 6 panel". Axios. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
^ abCooper, Anderson (January 21, 2022), George Conway on draft executive order: Absolute banana republic stuff - CNN Video, retrieved January 22, 2022
^Nobles, Ryan; Cohen, Zachary; Grayer, Annie (February 1, 2022). "Some Trump White House records handed over to January 6 committee had been ripped up". CNN. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
January 01, 1970
united, states, house, select, committee, january, attack, this, article, about, house, committee, public, hearings, public, hearings, failed, proposal, january, commission, united, states, house, select, committee, investigate, january, attack, united, states. This article is about the House committee For the public hearings see Public hearings of the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack For the failed proposal see January 6 commission The United States House Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol commonly referred to as the January 6th Committee was a select committee of the U S House of Representatives established to investigate the U S Capitol attack 1 Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States CapitolSelect committeeDefunct United States House of Representatives117th CongressCommittee logoHistoryFormedJuly 1 2021DisbandedJanuary 3 2023LeadershipChairBennie Thompson D Since July 1 2021Vice chairLiz Cheney R Since September 2 2021StructureSeats9Political partiesMajority 7 Democratic 7 Minority 2 Republican 2 JurisdictionPurposeTo investigate the attack on the United States Capitol on January 6 2021Senate counterpartNoneWebsitejanuary6th benniethompson wbr house wbr gov After refusing to concede the 2020 U S presidential election and perpetuating false and disproven claims of widespread voter fraud then President Donald Trump summoned a mob of protestors to the Capitol as the electoral votes were being counted on January 6 2021 During the House Committee s subsequent investigation people gave sworn testimony that Trump knew he lost the election 2 The Committee subpoenaed his testimony identifying him as the center of the first and only effort by any U S President to overturn an election and obstruct the peaceful transition of power 3 He sued the committee and never testified 4 5 On December 19 2022 the Committee voted unanimously to refer Trump and the lawyer John Eastman to the U S Department of Justice for prosecution 6 Recommended charges for Trump were obstruction of an official proceeding conspiracy to defraud the United States conspiracy to make a false statement and attempts to incite assist or aid or comfort an insurrection 7 Obstruction and conspiracy to defraud were also the recommended charges for Eastman 8 Some members of Trump s inner circle had cooperated with the committee while others defied it 9 For refusing to testify Steve Bannon and Peter Navarro were convicted of contempt of Congress Each was sentenced to four months in prison 10 11 and Navarro began his sentence in March 2024 12 Mark Meadows and Dan Scavino were also held in criminal contempt by Congress but not prosecuted by DOJ 13 14 Representatives McCarthy Jordan Biggs and Perry were referred to the House Ethics Committee 15 The Committee interviewed over a thousand people 16 and reviewed over a million documents 3 On December 22 2022 it published an 845 page final report 17 18 19 including the executive summary released three days earlier 20 That week the committee also began publishing interview transcripts 21 The committee was formed through a largely party line vote on July 1 2021 and it dissolved in early January 2023 a 22 Its membership was a point of significant political contention The only two House Republicans to vote to establish the Committee 23 were also the only two Republicans to serve on it Liz Cheney and Adam Kinzinger b 24 25 The Republican National Committee censured them for their participation 26 Contents 1 History 2 Members 3 Investigation 3 1 Simultaneous investigations by the Justice Department 3 2 Information received from Mark Meadows 3 3 Obstacles 3 3 1 Release of documents from the National Archives and Records Administration NARA 3 3 2 Republicans not testifying 3 3 3 Secret Service DHS and Pentagon text messages deleted 3 3 4 Trump funding legal defense of Republican witnesses 3 3 5 Republican National Committee RNC claiming committee is illegitimate 4 Public findings 4 1 2021 public hearings 4 2 2022 public hearings 4 3 Criminal referrals 4 3 1 Impact on other investigations 4 4 Witness testimony transcripts 5 Final report 5 1 Before publication 5 2 Summary 5 3 Full report 6 Timeline of proceedings 6 1 2021 6 1 1 July 2021 6 1 2 August 2021 6 1 3 September 2021 6 1 4 October 2021 6 1 5 November 2021 6 1 6 December 2021 6 2 2022 6 2 1 January 2022 6 2 2 February 2022 6 2 3 March 2022 6 2 4 April 2022 6 2 5 May 2022 6 2 6 June 2022 6 2 7 July 2022 6 2 8 August 2022 6 2 9 September 2022 6 2 10 October 2022 6 2 11 November 2022 6 2 12 December 2022 7 Subpoenas 8 Reactions 8 1 Prior to committee formation 8 2 After committee formation 8 3 After the final report 8 4 Polling 9 Notes 10 References 11 External linksHistory editOn May 19 2021 in the aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack the House voted to form an independent bicameral commission to investigate the attack similar to the 9 11 Commission 27 The bipartisan Bill passed the House 252 175 with thirty five Republicans voting in favor The large number of defections was considered a rebuke of Minority Leader McCarthy who reversed course and whipped against the proposal after initially deputizing Rep John Katko to negotiate for Republicans 27 The proposal was defeated by a filibuster from Republicans in the Senate 28 In late May when it had become apparent that the filibuster would not be overcome House Speaker Nancy Pelosi indicated that she would appoint a select committee to investigate the events as a fallback option 29 30 31 32 On June 30 2021 H Res 503 Establishing the Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol 33 passed the House 222 190 with all Democratic members and two Republican members Adam Kinzinger and Liz Cheney voting in favor 23 Sixteen Republican members did not vote 34 The resolution empowered Pelosi to appoint eight members to the committee and House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy could appoint five members in consultation with the Speaker 35 Pelosi indicated that she would name a Republican as one of her eight appointees 36 On July 1 Pelosi appointed eight members seven Democrats and one Republican Liz Cheney R WY Bennie Thompson D MS was appointed committee chairman 37 On July 19 McCarthy announced his five selections recommending Jim Banks R IN serve as Ranking Member along with Jim Jordan R OH Rodney Davis R IL Kelly Armstrong R ND and Troy Nehls R TX 38 Banks Jordan and Nehls had voted to overturn the Electoral College results in Arizona and Pennsylvania Banks and Jordan had also signed onto the Supreme Court case Texas v Pennsylvania to invalidate the ballots of voters in four states 39 On July 21 Thompson announced that he would investigate Trump as part of the inquiry into the Capitol attack 40 Hours later Pelosi announced that she had informed McCarthy that she was rejecting Jordan and Banks citing concerns for the investigation s integrity and relevant actions and statements made by the two members She approved the recommendations of the other three 41 Rather than suggesting two replacements McCarthy insisted he would not appoint anyone unless all five of his choices were approved 42 43 When McCarthy pulled all of his picks he eliminated all Trump defenders on the committee and cleared the field for Pelosi to control the committee s entire makeup and workings This was widely interpreted as a costly political miscalculation by McCarthy 44 45 46 On July 25 after McCarthy rescinded all of his selections Pelosi announced that she had appointed Adam Kinzinger R IL one of the ten House Republicans who voted for Trump s second impeachment to the committee 47 48 49 Pelosi also hired a Republican former Rep Denver Riggleman R VA as an outside committee staffer or advisor 50 Cheney voiced her support and pushed for the involvement of both 49 On February 4 2022 the Republican National Committee voted to censure Cheney and Kinzinger which it had never before done to any sitting congressional Republican The resolution formally dropped all support of them as members of the Republican Party arguing that their work on the select committee was hurting Republican prospects in the midterm elections 26 51 Kinzinger had already announced on October 29 2021 that he would not run for reelection 52 Cheney lost the primary for her reelection on August 16 2022 53 Members editThe committee s chair was Bennie Thompson and the vice chair was Liz Cheney Seven Democrats and two Republicans sat on the committee nbsp Chair Bennie Thompson nbsp Vice Chair Liz Cheney Majority Minority Bennie Thompson Chair Mississippi 54 Zoe Lofgren California 55 Adam Schiff California 56 Pete Aguilar California 57 Stephanie Murphy Florida 58 Jamie Raskin Maryland 59 Elaine Luria Virginia 60 Liz Cheney Vice Chair Wyoming 61 Adam Kinzinger Illinois 48 In July 2021 Thompson announced the senior staff 62 David Buckley as staff director Served as CIA inspector general and House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence minority staff director Kristin Amerling as deputy staff director and chief counsel Served as deputy general counsel at the Transportation Department and chief counsel of multiple congressional committees including Committees on Energy and Commerce and Oversight and Government Reform She also served as Chief Investigative Counsel and Director of Oversight for the Senate s Commerce Science and Transportation Committee Hope Goins as counsel to Chairman Thompson Served as top advisor to Thompson on homeland security and national security matters Candyce Phoenix as senior counsel and senior advisor Serves as staff director of the House Oversight Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Tim Mulvey as communications director Served as communications director for the House Committee on Foreign Affairs In August 2021 Thompson announced additional staff 63 64 Denver Riggleman senior technical adviser for the January 6 Committee He previously served as a Republican U S Representative from Virginia and was an ex military intelligence officer Riggleman left the committee in April 2022 65 Joe Maher as principal deputy general counsel from the Department of Homeland Security Timothy J Heaphy was appointed as the committee s chief investigative counsel 66 67 In November 2022 Thompson disclosed the existence of a subcommittee to handle outstanding issues including unanswered subpoenas and whether to send transcripts of interviews to the DOJ The subcommittee had been established about one month earlier with Raskin as chair along with Cheney Lofgren and Schiff Thompson said he selected them because they re all lawyers 68 69 Investigation editThe investigation commenced with a public hearing on July 27 2021 at which four police officers testified As of the end of 2021 it had interviewed more than 300 witnesses and obtained more than 35 000 documents 70 and those totals continued to rise By May 2022 it had interviewed over 1 000 witnesses 71 some of those interviews were recorded 72 By October 2022 it had obtained over 1 000 000 documents 3 and reviewed hundreds of hours of videos such as security camera and documentary footage 73 During the pendency of the investigation the select committee publicly communicated some of its information The select committee split its multi pronged investigation into multiple color coded teams 74 75 76 each focusing on a specific topic like funding individuals motivations organizational coalitions and how Trump may have pressured other politicians 77 These were Green Team investigated the money trail and whether or not Trump and Republican allies defrauded their supporters by spreading misinformation regarding the 2020 presidential election despite knowing the claims were not true Gold Team investigated whether members of Congress participated or assisted in Trump s attempted to overturn the election They are also looking into Trump s pressure campaign on local and state officials as well as on executive departments like the Department of Justice Department of Homeland Security Department of Defense and others to try to keep himself in power Purple Team investigated the involvement of domestic violent extremist groups such as the QAnon movement militia groups Oath Keepers and Proud Boys and how they used social media including Facebook Gab and Discord 78 Red Team investigated the planners of the January 6th rally and other Stop the Steal organizers and if they knew the rally would intentionally become violent Blue Team researched the threats leading up to the attack how intelligence was shared among law enforcement and their preparations or lack thereof 79 Additionally Blue Team had access to thousands of documents from more than a dozen agencies that other security reviews did not have 80 The select committee s investigation and its findings were multi faceted A reform of election certification procedures as governed by the Electoral Count Act of 1887 was passed in the December 2022 omnibus spending bill 81 82 Committee members had begun collaborating on this reform in 2021 83 The select committee s findings may also be used in arguments to hold individuals notably Donald Trump 71 legally accountable Simultaneous investigations by the Justice Department edit Main article Federal prosecution of Donald Trump 2020 election case Further information Smith special counsel investigationFurther information United States Justice Department investigation into attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election The United States Department of Justice DOJ is probing the months long efforts to falsely declare that the election was rigged including pressure on the DOJ the fake electors scheme and the events of January 6 itself 84 The judicial branch has also made related observations and rulings In March 2022 federal judge David Carter said it was more likely than not that Trump has engaged in a conspiracy with John Eastman to commit federal crimes and described their attempt as a coup in search of a legal theory 85 On November 18 2022 U S Attorney General Merrick Garland announced the appointment of John L Jack Smith as the Special Counsel to oversee the DOJ s ongoing investigations into the FBI investigation into Donald Trump s handling of government documents as well the January 6 investigation 86 Garland praised Smith s experience and said I am confident that this appointment will not slow the completion of these investigations Smith promised to investigate independently and in the best traditions of the Department of Justice to whatever outcome the facts and the law dictate 87 While the committee s investigation was ongoing it shared some information with the DOJ 88 but it waited until it had finished its work in December 2022 before turning over everything 89 The DOJ had sent a letter on April 20 2022 asking for transcripts of past and future interviews Thompson the committee chair told reporters he did not intend to give the DOJ full access to our product especially when we haven t completed our own work Instead the select committee negotiated for a partial information exchange 16 On June 15 the DOJ repeated its request They gave an example of a problem they had encountered The trial of the five Proud Boys indicted for seditious conspiracy had been rescheduled for the end of 2022 because the prosecutors and the defendants counsel did not want to start the trial without the relevant interview transcripts 90 On July 12 2022 the committee announced it was negotiating with the DOJ about the procedure for information sharing and that the committee had started producing information related to the DOJ s request for transcripts 91 On December 19 2022 the House select committee publicly voted to recommend that the DOJ bring criminal charges against Trump 92 a long anticipated move 93 as well as against John Eastman 92 Some critics had argued against making criminal referrals as such a recommendation by a congressional committee has no legal force 94 and could appear to politically taint the DOJ s investigation 95 However a committee spokesperson had said on December 6 that criminal referrals would be a final part of the committee s investigative work 96 Schiff acknowledged on December 11 that any referral would be symbolic but was nevertheless important 97 he had said in September that he hoped the committee would unanimously refer Trump to the DOJ 98 while Representative Raskin said on December 13 Everybody has made his or her own bed in terms of their conduct or misconduct 99 Information received from Mark Meadows edit nbsp Donald Trump and Mark Meadows in 2020 In September 2021 the select committee subpoenaed former White House chief of staff Mark Meadows Meadows initially cooperated but in December without providing all requested documents he sued to block the two congressional subpoenas 100 On December 14 2021 the full House voted to hold Meadows in contempt of Congress 101 In a July 15 2022 amicus brief 102 filed at the request of U S District Court Judge Carl J Nichols 103 the DOJ acknowledged that the House subpoena had been justified and that Meadows had only qualified immunity given that Trump was no longer in office 104 105 On October 31 2022 the judge ruled that the congressional subpoenas were protected legislative acts that were legitimately tied to Congress s legislative functions 106 Although the congressional subpoenas were valid DOJ decided not to criminally charge him for defying them 107 In 2022 Meadows did comply with a DOJ subpoena in the DOJ investigation of January 6 108 In 2023 he was indicted in Georgia for his alleged role in election interference in that state 109 Meadows had routinely burned documents in his office fireplace after meetings during the transition period Cassidy Hutchinson testified to the committee that she had seen him do this a dozen times between December 2020 and mid January 2021 110 In late 2021 before Meadows stopped cooperating he provided thousands of emails and text messages 111 100 that revealed efforts to overturn the election results The day after the election former Texas governor and former Secretary of Energy Rick Perry sent Meadows a proposed strategy for Republican controlled state legislatures to choose electors and send them directly to the Supreme Court before their states had determined voting results 112 113 Fox News host Sean Hannity exchanged text messages with Meadows suggesting that Hannity was aware in advance of Trump s plans for January 6 Hannity texted on December 31 2020 that he was afraid that many U S attorneys would resign adding I do NOT see Jan 6 happening the way Trump is being told He texted in the evening of January 5 I am very worried about the next 48 hours The committee wrote to Hannity asking him to voluntarily answer questions 114 115 116 During the attack Donald Trump Jr told Meadows that his father must lead now by making an Oval Office address because i t has gone too far And gotten out of hand 117 118 Two Fox News allies of Trump texted that the Capitol attack was destroying the president s legacy 117 118 Representative Jim Jordan asked Meadows if Vice President Mike Pence could identify all the electoral votes that he believes are unconstitutional 119 The day after the riot one text stated that We tried everything we could in our objections to the 6 states I m sorry nothing worked 120 119 Meadows also participated in a call with a Freedom Caucus group including Rudy Giuliani Representative Jim Jordan and Representative Scott Perry during which they planned to encourage Trump supporters to march to the Capitol on January 6 121 Meadows also exchanged post election text messages with Ginni Thomas the wife of Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas in which they expressed support of Trump s claims of election fraud On November 5 in the first of 29 text messages Ginni Thomas sent to Meadows a link to a YouTube video about the election 122 She emailed Arizona and Wisconsin lawmakers on November 9 to encourage them to choose different electors exchanged emails with John Eastman and attended the rally on January 6 123 124 125 Some of the communications revealed Trump allies who privately expressed disagreement with the events of January 6 while defending Trump in public Donald Trump Jr pleaded with Meadows during the January 6 riot to convince his father that i t has gone too far and gotten out of hand 126 Similarly Fox News hosts Brian Kilmeade Sean Hannity and Laura Ingraham asked Meadows to persuade Trump to appear on TV and quell the riot 127 In mid 2022 CNN spoke to over a dozen people who had texted Meadows that day and all of them said they believed that Trump should have tried to stop the attack 128 One of the most revealing documents provided by Meadows was a PowerPoint presentation 129 130 describing a strategy for overturning the election results The presentation had been distributed by Phil Waldron a retired Army colonel now owning a bar in Texas 131 who specialized in psychological operations and who later became a Trump campaign associate A 36 page version appeared to have been created on January 5 132 129 and Meadows received a version that day 133 134 135 He eventually provided a 38 page version to the committee 132 It recommended that Trump declare a national security emergency to delay the January 6 electoral certification invalidate all ballots cast by machine and order the military to seize and recount all paper ballots 133 134 Meadows claims he personally did not act on this plan 133 Waldron was associated with former Trump national security advisor Michael Flynn and other military intelligence veterans who played key roles in spreading false information to allege the election had been stolen from Trump 136 131 Politico reported in January 2022 that Bernard Kerik had testified to the committee that Waldron also originated the idea of a military seizure of voting machines which was included in a draft executive order dated December 16 137 138 The next month Politico published emails between Waldron Flynn Kerik Washington attorney Katherine Friess and Texas entrepreneur Russell Ramsland that included another draft executive order dated December 16 That draft was nearly identical to the draft Politico had previously released embedded metadata indicated it had been created by One America News anchor Christina Bobb An attorney Bobb had also been present at the Willard Hotel command center 139 140 Meadows testified that he organized a daily morning call beginning January 7 2021 with Mike Pompeo and Mark Milley 141 As of August 2023 the extent of Meadows s cooperation in various investigations remained unknown to the public 142 Prosecutors in the Georgia indictment reportedly do not intend to offer him a plea deal 143 He has said he wants to be tried separately from the other Georgia defendants 144 and has also sought for his case to be removed to federal court 145 Obstacles edit Release of documents from the National Archives and Records Administration NARA edit One of the main challenges to the committee s investigation was Trump s use of legal tactics to try to block the release of the White House communication records held at the National Archives and Records Administration NARA 146 He succeeded in delaying the release of the documents for about five months The committee received the documents on January 20 2022 147 148 Some of the documents had been previously torn up by Trump and taped back together by NARA staff 149 Trump is said to have routinely shredded and flushed records by his own hand as well as to have asked staff to place them in burn bags throughout his presidency 150 151 Additionally as the presidential diarist testified to the committee in March 2022 the Oval Office did not send the diarist detailed information about Trump s daily activities on January 5 and 6 2021 152 Trump s phone records from the day of the attack as provided by NARA to the committee did not log any calls during the seven and a half hours that the Capitol was under siege 152 suggesting he was using a burner cell phone during that time 153 He is said to have routinely used burner phones during his presidency 154 When the committee subpoenaed his personal communication records 155 3 his lawyers claimed he had no such records 156 Trump tried to hide the fact that he had pressured the Defense Secretary and DOJ to seize voting machines immediately after the election in six states where he had lost 157 To prevent the Committee gaining access to relevant White House records he sought an injunction from the Supreme Court which dismissed his request on January 19 2022 158 The committee began its request for the NARA records in August 2021 159 160 Trump asserted executive privilege over the documents 161 Current president Joe Biden rejected that claim 162 163 as did a federal judge who noted that Trump was no longer president 164 the DC Circuit Court of Appeals 165 and the U S Supreme Court 166 167 The committee agreed to a Biden administration request for NARA to withhold certain sensitive documents about unrelated national security matters but continued to litigate until it received the potentially relevant records 168 Republicans not testifying edit From the beginning of the investigation Trump told Republican leaders not to cooperate with the committee 169 170 171 172 While many testified voluntarily 173 the committee also issued subpoenas 174 to legally compel others testimony Some people who were subpoenaed refused to testify Roger Stone and John Eastman pleaded their Fifth Amendment rights while Steve Bannon and Mark Meadows were found in contempt of Congress In December 2021 Michael Flynn sued to block a subpoena for his phone records and to delay his testimony though a federal judge dismissed his suit within a day 175 Trump White House aide Cassidy Hutchinson spoke to the committee several times in early 2022 while represented by Stefan Passantino a Trump ally who wanted her to skirt the committee s questions She spoke to the committee without Passantino s knowledge former White House aide Alyssa Farah Griffin was her backchannel connection for the additional testimony 176 177 Hutchinson later dismissed Passantino 176 177 hired Jody Hunt instead and had another closed door deposition on June 20 2022 a week before she appeared at a public hearing 110 Bill Stepien Trump s final campaign manager was subpoenaed and planned to testify live for the second public hearing on June 13 2022 However he canceled his appearance an hour before the hearing started as his wife went into labor The select committee instead aired clips of Stepien s previously recorded deposition 178 the scramble to rearrange the presentation delayed the start of the nationally televised hearing by 45 minutes 179 180 On October 21 2022 the committee subpoenaed Trump for documents and testimony They requested all his communications on the day of the Capitol attack and many of his political communications in the preceding months 155 181 182 On November 9 Trump s lawyers wrote to the committee saying he possessed no documents relevant to the subpoena On November 11 they sued to block the subpoena arguing that the committee could obtain the information from sources other than Trump 156 Pence chose not to speak to the select committee though the committee had long deliberated calling him 183 184 On January 4 2022 Chair Thompson told reporters that Pence should do the right thing and come forward and voluntarily talk to the committee While acknowledging that the committee had not formally invited Pence to speak to them Thompson suggested if he offered we d gladly accept 185 The committee reportedly considered Pence s testimony particularly important 186 though in April Thompson told reporters they would not bother calling him especially having already confirmed important information through his former aides Marc Short and Greg Jacob 187 On August 17 Pence told an audience at Saint Anselm College that he was waiting for the committee to invite him If there was an invitation to participate I d consider it 188 He described his experience of the attack on the Capitol in his autobiography which was scheduled to be published a week after the November 2022 midterm elections 189 As of late November Pence was reportedly more interested in testifying before the DOJ 190 191 I think it s sad that he didn t want to come to us Representative Pete Aguilar told CNN in early December 2022 192 Secret Service DHS and Pentagon text messages deleted edit Soon after the attack on the Capitol the Secret Service assigned new phones 193 In February 2021 the office of Department of Homeland Security Inspector General Joseph Cuffari a Trump appointee learned that text messages of Secret Service agents had been lost He considered sending data specialists to attempt to retrieve the messages but a decision was made against it 194 In June 2021 DHS asked for text messages from 24 individuals including the heads for Trump and Pence security Robert Engel and Tim Giebels and did not receive them In October 2021 DHS considered publicizing the Secret Service s delays 195 196 On July 26 2022 Chairman Thompson in his capacity as Chair of the House Homeland Security Committee and Carolyn Maloney Chair of the House Oversight amp Reforms Committee jointly wrote to the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency about Cuffari s failure to report the lost text messages and asked CIGIE chair Allison Lerner to replace Cuffari with a new Inspector General who could investigate the matter 197 Additionally renewed calls to have President Biden dismiss Cuffari have started gaining traction with Senator Dick Durbin who chairs the Senate Judiciary Committee requesting Attorney General Garland to investigate the missing text messages However as of July 2022 it is unknown if President Biden will fire Cuffari as he made a campaign promise to never fire an inspector general during his tenure as POTUS On August 1 2022 House Homeland Security Chairman Bennie Thompson reiterated calls for Cuffari to step down due to a lack of transparency that could be jeopardizing the integrity of crucial investigations regarding the missing Secret Service text messages 198 That same day an official inside the DHS inspector general s office told Politico that Cuffari and his staff are uniquely unqualified to lead an Inspector General s office and the crucial oversight mission of the DHS OIG has been compromised 199 Congress also obtained a July 2021 e mail from deputy inspector general Thomas Kait who told senior DHS officials there was no longer a need for any Secret Service phone records or text messages Efforts to collect communications related to Jan 6 were therefore shutdown by Kait just six weeks after the internal DHS investigation began The Guardian wrote that taken together the new revelations appear to show that the chief watchdog for the Secret Service and the DHS took deliberate steps to stop the retrieval of texts it knew were missing and then sought to hide the fact that it had decided not to pursue that evidence 200 On August 2 2022 CNN reported that relevant text messages from January 6 2021 were also deleted from the phones of Trump appointed officials at the Pentagon despite the fact that FOIA requests were filed days after the attack on the Capitol 201 202 The Secret Service was later reported to have been aware of online threats against lawmakers before the attack on the Capitol according to documents obtained by the House select committee 203 Trump funding legal defense of Republican witnesses edit Trump s Save America PAC has paid hundreds of thousands of dollars to lawyers representing over a dozen witnesses called by the committee 204 On September 1 2022 Trump said on a right wing radio show that he had recently met supporters in his office He said he was financially supporting them adding It s a disgrace what they ve done to them 205 The American Conservative Union provided legal defense funds for some people who resist the committee The organization said it only assisted people who do not cooperate with the committee and who opposed its mission according to chairman Matt Schlapp 206 Republican National Committee RNC claiming committee is illegitimate edit Though the Republican National Committee had long insisted that the committee is invalid and should not be allowed to investigate a federal judge found on May 1 2022 that the committee s power is legitimate 207 On November 30 2022 House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy wrote a letter warning the committee that the incoming Republican majority House of Representatives planned to investigate the committee s work in 2023 208 Public findings editMain article United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack public hearings 2021 public hearings edit The House select committee began its investigation with a preliminary public hearing on July 27 2021 called The Law Enforcement Experience on January 6th 209 210 Capitol and District of Columbia police testified describing their personal experiences on the day of the attack and graphic video footage was shown 211 2022 public hearings edit Part of this section is transcluded from Public hearings of the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack edit history In 2022 the Committee held ten live televised public hearings 212 that presented evidence of Trump s seven part plan to overturn the 2020 elections this included live interviews under oath of many Republicans and some Trump loyalists 213 214 as well as recorded sworn deposition testimony and video footage from other sources An Executive Summary 215 of the committee s findings was published on December 19 2022 a Final Report 216 was published on December 22 2022 217 During the first hearing on June 9 2022 committee chair Bennie Thompson and vice chair Liz Cheney said that President Donald Trump tried to stay in power even though he lost the 2020 presidential election Thompson called it a coup 218 The committee shared footage of the attack discussed the involvement of the Proud Boys and included testimony from a documentary filmmaker and a member of the Capitol Police The second hearing on June 13 2022 focused on evidence showing that Trump knew he lost and that most of his inner circle knew claims of fraud did not have merit William Barr testified that Trump had become detached from reality because he continued to promote conspiracy theories and pushed the stolen election myth without interest in what the actual facts were 219 220 The third hearing on June 16 2022 examined how Trump and others pressured Vice President Mike Pence to selectively discount electoral votes and overturn the election by unconstitutional means using John Eastman s fringe legal theories as justification 221 The fourth hearing on June 21 2022 included appearances by election officials from Arizona and Georgia who testified they were pressured to find votes for Trump and change results in their jurisdictions The committee revealed attempts to organize fake slates of alternate electors and established that Trump had a direct and personal role in this effort 222 223 The fifth hearing on June 23 2022 focused on Trump s pressure campaign on the Justice Department to rubber stamp his narrative of a stolen election the insistence on numerous debunked election fraud conspiracy theories requests to seize voting machines and Trump s effort to install Jeffrey Clark as acting attorney general 224 The exclusive witness of the sixth hearing on June 28 2022 was Cassidy Hutchinson top aide to former White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows 225 She testified that White House officials anticipated violence days in advance of January 6 that Trump knew supporters at the Ellipse rally were armed with weapons including AR 15s yet asked to relax security checks at his speech and that Trump planned to join the crowd at the Capitol and became irate when the Secret Service refused his request Closing the hearing Cheney presented evidence of witness tampering 226 The seventh hearing on July 12 2022 showed how Roger Stone and Michael Flynn connected Trump to domestic militias like the Oath Keepers and Proud Boys that helped coordinate the attack 227 228 229 The eighth hearing on July 21 2022 presented evidence and details of Trump s refusal to call off the attack on the Capitol despite hours of pleas from officials and insiders According to the New York Times the committee delivered two significant public messages Rep Liz Cheney made the case that Trump could never be trusted with any position of authority in our great nation again while Rep Bennie Thompson called for legal accountability and stiff consequences to overcome the ongoing threat to our democracy 230 The ninth hearing on October 13 2022 231 232 presented video of Roger Stone and evidence that some Trump associates planned to claim victory in the 2020 election regardless of the official results 233 234 The committee voted unanimously to subpoena Trump for documents and testimony 235 236 and a subpoena was issued one week later 237 Trump refused to comply 238 The tenth hearing on December 19 2022 convened to present a final overview of their investigative work to date and the committee recommended that former President Donald Trump John Eastman and others be referred for legal charges The committee also recommended that the House Ethics Committee follow up on Rep Kevin McCarthy CA Rep Jim Jordan OH Scott Perry PA and Andy Biggs AZ refusing to answer subpoenas 239 The votes were unanimous 240 Immediately after the hearing the committee released a 154 page executive summary of its findings 241 242 243 Criminal referrals editOn December 19 2022 the committee criminally referred Trump to the DOJ for four suspected crimes Obstruction of an Official Proceeding 18 U S C 1512 c 244 Conspiracy to Defraud the United States 18 U S C 371 245 Conspiracy to Make a False Statement 18 U S C 371 1001 246 Incite Assist or Aid and Comfort an Insurrection 18 U S C 2383 247 Simultaneously the committee referred John Eastman to the DOJ for the first two of those same crimes This move was supported by a June 7 2022 ruling by Judge David Carter Carter had decided that one email in John Eastman s possession sent before January 6 contained likely evidence of a crime and that Eastman must disclose it to the House committee under the crime fraud exception of attorney client privilege 248 Obstruction of an Official Proceeding 18 U S C 1512 c Conspiracy to Defraud the United States 18 U S C 371 The committee suggested that the DOJ look into two additional charges for Trump conspiracy to prevent someone from holding office or performing the duties of their office and seditious conspiracy It noted that convictions on both of these charges had recently been delivered in the high profile Oath Keepers trial Other Conspiracy Statutes 18 U S C 372 and 2384 249 Trump and Eastman were the only individuals the committee criminally referred to the DOJ Although the committee said that Mark Meadows Rudy Giuliani Jeffrey Clark had been actors in the plot it decided it lacked sufficient evidence to refer them especially given certain individuals unwillingness to cooperate with the investigation We trust that the Department of Justice will do its job Raskin said 250 Impact on other investigations edit On August 1 2023 a federal grand jury indicted Trump on four counts three of which resemble the charges recommended by the House select committee Trump was not charged with incitement of insurrection 251 Additionally among the co conspirators identified in the indictment were four who d been previously named by the House committee John Eastman Rudy Giuliani Jeffrey Clark and Kenneth Chesebro 252 Under the 14th Amendment to the U S Constitution anyone who has engaged in insurrection is ineligible to hold public office However the process for barring someone from office was unclear The 14th Amendment does not say if such a person must first be criminally convicted of insurrection nor does it specify an enforcement authority or mechanism for deeming them ineligible to hold office 253 254 In early 2022 the eligibility of two candidates in North Carolina and Georgia was questioned but ultimately not denied on this basis 255 256 Later that year a county commissioner from New Mexico became the first elected official since the Civil War era to be removed from office for participating in an insurrection 257 On December 15 2022 House Democrats introduced a bill that would prevent Trump specifically from running for office again 258 259 In 2023 lawsuits were filed in several states and on December 19 the Colorado Supreme Court ruled that Trump should be removed from the ballot in that state based on the 14th Amendment However on March 4 2024 the U S Supreme Court ruled that no states have the power to remove Trump from the ballot The court decided that this power lies with Congress 260 261 262 The select committee s work also aided the State of Georgia s investigation into alleged solicitations of election fraud On May 2 2022 Fulton County s District Attorney Fani Willis opened a special grand jury to consider criminal charges 263 and on August 14 2023 a Georgia grand jury indicted Trump on 13 counts 264 The identities of Trump s 18 co defendants 265 and 30 unindicted co conspirators 266 significantly overlap with the people identified by the House committee In particular Chesebro was charged with seven felonies related to electoral vote obstruction and he pleaded guilty to one of them conspiracy to file false documents 267 On December 5 2023 Nevada indicted six people in the fake elector scheme At least two Michael J McDonald and James DeGraffenreid had been interviewed by the select committee On April 23 2024 Arizona indicted eleven fake electors and seven Trump allies The Trump allies were Christina Bobb John Eastman Jenna Ellis Boris Epshteyn Rudy Giuliani Mark Meadows and Mike Roman The indictment also described five unindicted coconspirators including Trump and Chesebro 268 Witness testimony transcripts edit On December 21 2022 the committee released the first batch of hundreds of witness testimony transcripts 21 The transcripts detailed testimony from 34 witnesses who mostly invoked the Fifth Amendment and avoided answering questions 269 including former acting Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Division Jeffrey Clark Trump campaign lawyer John Eastman conservative attorney Jenna Ellis former National Security Adviser Michael Flynn Trump ally Roger Stone Oath Keepers Founder Stewart Rhodes Proud Boys Chairman Enrique Tarrio conservative radio host Alex Jones Arizona Republican Party Chair Kelli Ward white nationalist Nick Fuentes 269 On December 22 2022 more transcripts were released They revealed that Cassidy Hutchinson had given additional testimony on September 14 15 2022 in which she claimed that Trump allies including her Trump world attorney Stefan Passantino had pressured her not to talk to the committee 270 271 Passantino would later sue the committee for 67 million in damages to his reputation He was represented by Jesse Binall 272 On December 23 46 more interview transcripts were released including Trump s daughter Ivanka former Attorney General Bill Barr former White House counsel Pat Cipollone former acting Attorney General Jeffrey Rosen former White House communications director Hope Hicks former press secretary Kayleigh McEnany Trump backed attorney Sidney Powell Marc Short chief of staff to Vice President Mike Pence 273 On December 30 2022 the committee released a third batch of witness testimony transcripts It acted swiftly anticipating that it would not be able to continue its work under the new Congress 274 Final report edit nbsp Introductory Material to the Final Report 20 nbsp Final Report 17 On December 22 2022 the final report was published online 275 The report was final because the committee itself expired two weeks later when the 117th Congress ended 276 65 Several publishing houses printed it An edition by Penguin Random House had a foreword by Schiff 277 one by Celadon Books had a preface by David Remnick and an epilogue by Raskin 278 and one by HarperCollins had an introduction by Ari Melber 279 Before publication edit In October 2022 Representative Lofgren said the committee would likely provide an unredacted version of its final report to the DOJ at the same time the public received a redacted version 280 In December Representative Schiff said the committee would publish its evidence so the newly elected Republican majority House of Representatives soon to be sworn in for the 118th Congress could not cherry pick certain evidence and mislead the country with some false narrative 281 As the committee wrapped up its work in late 2022 the writers of the final report were directed to focus more on Trump s alleged crimes as researched by the Gold Team and revealed in the public hearings and less on law enforcement s failure to address radicalization armed groups and violent threats 282 Some committee staff expressed concerns that Vice Chair Liz Cheney wanted an anti Trump report to bolster her own political future Another person quoted by The Washington Post anonymously rebutted that notion saying that Cheney intended to produce a compelling narrative and thereby avoid a worse version of the Mueller report which nobody read 283 On November 27 2022 Representative Schiff said the committee members hadn t yet reached consensus on the report s focus but also were close to the putting down the pen 284 The report was expected to discuss others responsibility for events between the election on November 3 2020 and the electoral vote count on January 6 2021 Topics were expected to include RNC fundraising what the Secret Service knew and how the National Guard responded 192 Though the committee held public hearings before the November 2022 midterm elections it did not release any written report by that time 285 286 According to the committee s original authorization it was supposed to terminate 30 days after filing its final report 33 The 118th Congress convened two weeks after the committee published the report rendering the 30 day timeframe irrelevant Summary edit On December 19 2022 the same day it made the criminal referrals the committee published an Executive Summary as an introduction to its final report It outlined 17 findings central to its reasoning for criminal referrals 287 Paraphrased they are 288 Trump lied about election fraud for the purpose of staying in power and asking for money Ignoring the rulings of over 60 federal and state courts he plotted to overturn the election He pressured Pence to illegally refuse to certify the election He tried to corrupt and weaponize the Justice Department to keep himself in power He pressured state legislators and officials to give different election results He perpetrated the fake electors scheme He pressured members of Congress to object to real electors He approved federal court filings with fake information about voter fraud He summoned the mob and told them to march on the Capitol knowing some were armed He tweeted negatively about Pence at 2 24 p m on January 6 2021 inciting more violence He spent the afternoon watching television despite his advisers pleas for him to stop the violence This was all part of a conspiracy to overturn the election Intelligence and law enforcement warned the Secret Service about Proud Boys and Oath Keepers The violence wasn t caused by left wing groups Intelligence didn t know that Trump himself had plotted with John Eastman and Rudy Giuliani In advance of January 6 the Capitol Police didn t act on their police chief s suggestion to request backup from the National Guard On January 6 the Defense Secretary not Trump called the National Guard Full report edit The report placed blame on one man former U S President Donald Trump for inciting the riot 275 It provided detail about a robust organized campaign to assemble and deliver a bogus slate of electors and named lesser known Trump lawyer Kenneth Chesebro as the plot s architect 289 290 According to the final report Donald Trump sought to corrupt the US Department of Justice by pleading with department officials to make false statements regarding the presidential elections had failed to deploy the DC National Guard during the attack despite having the authority to do so and made multiple efforts to contact witnesses summoned to testify before the House Select Committee 291 292 The report accused Donald Trump of engaging in a criminal multi part conspiracy to overturn the results of the 2020 election 293 In the two months between the election and the Capitol attack Trump allies engaged in at least 200 apparent acts of public or private outreach pressure or condemnation of state election officials They had 68 communications with those officials including meetings phone calls and texts and they made 125 social media posts about those officials 294 Timeline of proceedings edit2021 edit July 2021 edit July 27 The committee held its first public hearing featuring testimony from four police officers who were in the front line as rioters attacked the Capitol 295 296 Daniel Hodges a Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia officer said he was crushed in a doorway between rioters and a police line c 297 298 299 Michael Fanone a Metropolitan Police Department officer said rioters pulled him into the crowd beat him with a flagpole stole his badge repeatedly tased him with his taser and went for his gun 297 300 301 He criticized those who downplayed the attack 297 299 Harry Dunn a private first class of the U S Capitol Police spoke about the racial abuse he and other officers experienced during the attack 297 299 Aquilino Gonell a U S Capitol Police sergeant said he was beaten with a flagpole and chemically sprayed 297 299 August 2021 edit August 23 Committee investigators reportedly planned to seek phone records of multiple people including members of Congress 302 August 25 The committee sought records of at least 30 members of Trump s inner circle from seven government agencies and the National Archives and Records Administration NARA which preserves White House communication records The committee s letter explained it was repeating requests that multiple committees of the House of Representatives had made on March 25 2021 159 160 Several weeks later it was revealed that they specifically sought records from White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows and some Republican members of Congress 303 August 27 The committee demanded records from 15 social media companies going back to the spring of 2020 304 September 2021 edit The committee sought to identify whether the White House was involved in planning the Capitol attack and whether Trump personally had advance knowledge of it 305 The committee considered issuing subpoenas for call records or testimony of senior Trump administration officials including Meadows Deputy Chief of Staff Dan Scavino and former Trump campaign manager Brad Parscale 306 September 23 The committee issued subpoenas to Meadows Scavino chief strategist Steve Bannon and Pentagon official and former Devin Nunes aide Kash Patel 307 Documents were demanded by October 7 308 Bannon and Patel were instructed to testify on October 14 and Meadows and Scavino on October 15 309 310 Trump and his attorneys instructed the four aides as was reported two weeks later to defy the orders and provide neither documents nor testimony 169 170 171 September 29 Amy Kremer and ten others affiliated with her organization Women for America First which held the permit for the Stop the Steal rally that preceded the Capitol attack were subpoenaed by the committee 311 Among these eleven people was Katrina Pierson national spokesperson for Trump s 2016 campaign October 2021 edit October 7 As the committee issued further subpoenas to Stop the Steal LLC Stop the Steal campaign organizer Ali Alexander and fellow rally organizer Nathan Martin 312 313 Trump announced he would assert executive privilege to withhold the documents the committee had requested in August 161 October 8 White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki says Biden would not honor Trump s request to assert executive privilege to stop NARA from providing these documents 162 161 314 Nevertheless Trump writes NARA asserting privilege over about forty documents 162 The same day White House counsel Dana Remus advises NARA archivist David Ferriero that the challenged documents were to be released following a 30 day courtesy warning to Trump 315 316 A lawyer for Bannon says in a letter to the committee that Bannon would not comply with the subpoena for his testimony because Trump had asserted executive privilege and instructed him to defy the subpoena 172 October 13 The committee subpoenas Jeffrey Clark and schedules him to provide documents and testimony later in the month As assistant attorney general Clark angled for a promotion to attorney general by promising Trump he would help overturn the election results Former acting attorney general Jeffrey Rosen who resisted Clark s efforts to interfere with the election outcome is interviewed by the committee 317 318 October 14 After Bannon does not appear for his scheduled deposition the committee says it would initiate proceedings to hold Bannon in criminal contempt 319 The committee also announces that Patel and Meadows were engaging with their investigation and postpones both their depositions scheduled for October 14 and 15 respectively 320 Scavino meanwhile also has his October 15 deposition postponed because the committee was unable to locate him 321 and he did not formally receive the subpoena until October 8 322 323 320 October 18 Trump sues to prevent NARA from turning over the records to the committee or at least to allow him to conduct a full privilege review of all of the requested materials so he can choose which records NARA provides His lawsuit submitted by attorney Jesse R Binnall complains that the records request is illegal unfounded and overbroad and amounts to a fishing expedition 324 325 Meanwhile NARA plans to release the documents on November 12 326 October 19 The committee votes unanimously to adopt a contempt of Congress report against Bannon and refer it to the full House for a vote 327 October 21 All 220 House Democrats and 9 House Republicans vote to hold Bannon in contempt of Congress referring his case to the DOJ which will decide whether to prosecute him 328 329 October 22 CNN reports that Cheney and Kinzinger have interviewed former Trump director of strategic communications Alyssa Farah She had resigned in December 2020 and told CNN after the January 6 attack that Trump had lied to the American people about the election results 330 October 25 Biden once again says he would not assert executive privilege this regarded a second batch of documents the committee had requested from NARA 163 October 26 The Washington Post reports that more people are expected to be subpoenaed including legal scholar John Eastman who supported Trump s claims about the 2020 election 331 332 October 29 Jeffrey Clark having parted ways with his attorney several days previously does not appear for his scheduled deposition 333 October 30 In a court filing NARA details that Trump sought to block about 750 pages of documents among the nearly 1 600 requested by the committee including hundreds of pages of statements and talking points by Trump press secretary Kayleigh McEnany daily presidential diaries schedules and appointment information White House visitor activity and phone logs from on and around January 6 drafts of speeches remarks and correspondence relating to the Capitol attack and handwritten notes from chief of staff Mark Meadows 334 November 2021 edit November 5 Jeffrey Clark and his new attorney meet with investigators to state Clark would not cooperate unless compelled by a court order asserting that Trump s confidences are not his to waive citing attorney client privilege In a letter to the committee Clark s attorney cites a letter from a Trump attorney specifically stating Trump would not try to block Clark s testimony 333 335 336 November 8 The committee subpoenaed Bill Stepien Jason Miller Michael Flynn John Eastman Angela McCallum and Bernard Kerik 337 338 at least some of whom were suspected to have been connected to the war room operation at the Willard Hotel 339 All were required to provide documents by November 23 and scheduled to testify under oath through December 338 November 9 The committee subpoenaed Kayleigh McEnany Stephen Miller Nicholas Luna John McEntee Ken Klukowski Chris Liddell Molly Michael Cassidy Hutchinson Benjamin Williamson and Keith Kellogg 340 341 All were required to provide documents by November 23 and scheduled to testify under oath through December 342 Federal judge Tanya Chutkan denies Trump s October 18 request to stop NARA from releasing documents Trump s claim that he may override the express will of the executive branch she wrote in a 39 page ruling appears to be premised on the notion that his executive power exists in perpetuity But Presidents are not kings and Plaintiff is not President 343 164 The previous evening Trump had filed an emergency request for a preemptive injunction against Chutkan s forthcoming decision but Chutkan rejected it two hours later as legally defective and premature 344 345 Trump immediately asks Chutkan for an injunction which she denies 346 347 However the DC Circuit Court of Appeals grants Trump s request for an injunction on November 11 and schedules oral arguments before a three judge panel for November 30 348 November 12 Meadows does not appear for his testimony 349 Bannon is federally indicted on two counts of criminal contempt of Congress 350 November 15 Bannon surrenders to the FBI 351 November 22 Subpoenas are issued for InfoWars host Alex Jones and longtime Republican operative Roger Stone as well as two Stop the Steal organizers Dustin Stockton and Jennifer Lawrence and Trump spokesman and Save America PAC communications director Taylor Budowich 352 Warrants for Proud Boys and Oath Keepers and their respective leaders Enrique Tarrio and Stewart Rhodes are issued the following day 353 Robert Patrick Lewis chairman of 1st Amendment Praetorian a group alleged to have provided security at several rallies before January 6 is also subpoenaed that day November 24 In advance of the hearing scheduled for November 30 regarding the release of NARA records Trump s attorneys submit a reply brief They claim that Biden s willingness to release the records served his own political advantage and will result in permanent damage to the institution of the presidency 354 November 30 Trump s lawyers asked the judges on the DC Circuit Court of Appeals to review each document and decide whether to release each one to Congress The three judges denied this request Judge Patricia Millett said the dispute was not about the content of these specific documents but rather the principle of what happens when the current incumbent president in this case Biden says he will not interfere with an information exchange between NARA and Congress The court went on to rule against Trump on December 9 Trump went on to appeal to the Supreme Court on December 23 and the Supreme Court denied his request on January 19 2022 355 December 2021 edit December 1 The committee voted unanimously to hold Jeffrey Clark in contempt of Congress 356 Clark had said he planned to invoke the Fifth Amendment which protects people from being forced to self incriminate 357 He was given a new deposition date of December 4 but due to his report of a medical condition the deposition was postponed 358 he eventually appeared on February 2 2022 but did not answer substantive questions 359 A 36 page memorandum by Colonel Earl G Matthews was sent to the committee contesting the findings of the DoD Inspector General report on the response to the riot The memorandum accused two principal sources of the report of perjury in an attempted coverup of acting Army Secretary Ryan McCarthy s inaction during the riot 360 December 7 Mark Meadows s attorney said he would cease cooperating Meadows had already provided 2 300 text messages including those sent during the riot in which he informed others what Trump was doing and some 6 800 pages of emails 111 100 Among the documents was a January 5 38 page PowerPoint presentation entitled Election Fraud Foreign Interference amp Options for 6 JAN to be provided on the hill a November 6 text exchange with a member of Congress in which Meadows reportedly said I love it in a discussion about the fake electors scheme and a November 7 email discussing that scheme as part of a direct and collateral attack 361 362 363 Meadows objected to the committee s subpoena of telecom carriers for the call and text metadata of more than 100 people including himself and others in Trump s inner circle 364 He sued Nancy Pelosi the committee and its members to block his subpoena as well as the subpoena issued to Verizon for his phone records 365 366 NARA said it was working with Meadows lawyers to obtain more documents from him 100 December 9 A reporter for The Guardian Hugo Lowell tweeted slides from a PowerPoint presentation that recommended Trump declare a national security emergency to return himself to office and was reportedly referenced in emails Meadows turned over to the committee 367 368 The three judge panel of the DC Circuit Court of Appeals unanimously rejected Trump s appeal to have his White House records withheld from the committee However NARA was not permitted to deliver the records to Congress for another two weeks to allow Trump sufficient time to appeal to the U S Supreme Court 165 December 10 The Guardian reported that Meadows had turned over a 38 page PowerPoint presentation entitled Election Fraud Foreign Interference amp Options for 6 JAN to the committee as well as the email referring to the presentation It recommended that Trump declare a national security emergency to delay the January 6 certification of electors reject all ballots cast by machine and have paper ballots secured by U S marshals and National Guard troops to conduct a recount The newspaper also saw a 36 page version that was not substantially different 132 369 Meadows s attorney said the PowerPoint presentation had arrived in Meadows s email inbox and that Meadows did not act on it This presentation as was reported the next day detailed an elaborate theory that China and Venezuela had taken control of voting machines and it had been distributed by Phil Waldron a retired Army colonel who specialized in psychological operations during his career Waldron said he had spoken to Meadows maybe eight to 10 times had attended a November 25 Oval Office meeting with Trump and others and had briefed several members of Congress on the presentation Waldron was a Trump campaign associate who made false assertions of election fraud as an expert witness during hearings alongside Rudy Giuliani in Arizona Georgia and Michigan 135 December 12 The committee released a report revealing that Meadows had sent an email on January 5 promising that the National Guard would protect pro Trump people 370 The report also included what the committee said were an email and text messages to members of Congress discussing how Trump might persuade legislators of some states to change their certified elector slates from Biden to Trump writing Trump thinks the legislators have the power but the VP has power too Meadows asked the members how Trump could contact such legislators which the president did via a conference call with 300 of them on January 2 providing them purported evidence of fraud they might use to decertify their election results Three days later dozens of legislators from Arizona Georgia Michigan Pennsylvania and Wisconsin wrote Pence asking him to postpone the January 6 certification of electors for ten days affording our respective bodies to meet investigate and as a body vote on certification or decertification of the election 371 372 December 13 Before the committee voted unanimously to recommend a contempt of Congress charge against Meadows to the full House Cheney read aloud some text messages Meadows received on and around January 6 that revealed the perspectives of Trump allies at that time 120 373 Cheney suggested that Trump may have committed a felony by corruptly obstructing the electoral certification proceedings 374 375 December 14 The House voted 222 208 to find Meadows in criminal contempt of Congress and to refer the matter to the Justice Department The only two Republicans to join Democrats in the vote against Meadows were Liz Cheney and Adam Kinzinger both of whom serve on the committee 101 Prior to the vote more text messages to Meadows were presented on the House floor including one sent on the day after the election that proposed a strategy to send electors selected by Republican controlled legislatures in three states directly to the Supreme Court before voting results had been determined in those states 376 CNN later reported that the committee believed the text came from Rick Perry the former Texas governor and secretary of energy during the Trump administration Though a Perry spokesman denied Perry sent the text CNN had evidence that it came from Perry s phone Committee member Jamie Raskin acknowledged that the text s author had been initially misidentified as a lawmaker 112 December 16 The White House counsel s office agreed in writing to delay their pursuit of NARA s release of some documents Although Biden rejected Trump s claim of executive privilege the White House nevertheless had its own concerns about the records request and said it should be narrowed so as not to expose highly classified or irrelevant information 377 The committee on December 16 also moved to subpoena Waldron the purported author of the PowerPoint presentation turned over by Meadows 378 December 17 Roger Stone appeared before the committee for less than an hour 379 and asserted his Fifth Amendment rights to refuse to answer questions Through his legal team he claimed he was avoiding the elaborate trap of the committee s loaded questions 380 December 20 Committee chair Thompson wrote to Representative Scott Perry asking him to provide information about his involvement in the effort to install Jeffrey Clark as acting attorney general Thompson believed Perry had been involved in the effort to install Clark given witness testimony from former acting attorney general Jeffrey Rosen and his deputy Richard Donoghue as well as communications between Perry and Meadows 381 382 383 Perry declined the request the next day 384 Among the text messages to Meadows the committee released on December 14 was one attributed to a member of Congress dated January 5 that read Please check your signal a reference to the encrypted messaging system Signal In his letter to Perry Thompson mentioned evidence that Perry had communicated with Meadows using Signal though Perry denied sending that particular message 385 386 December 22 Thompson wrote a letter to congressman Jim Jordan requesting a meeting to discuss his communications with Trump and possibly his associates on and around January 6 387 388 December 23 The Washington Post reported that the committee was considering a recommendation to the Department of Justice of opening a possible criminal investigation into Trump for his activities on January 6 93 Trump appealed to the Supreme Court to block NARA from releasing documents to the committee which Trump s lawyers claimed would cause him irreparable harm Later that day the committee asked the court to prioritize its decision on whether it would hear Trump s case 389 390 391 The court would eventually reject Trump s emergency request a month later which allowed the committee to receive the records and it would also decline to hear his case a month after that December 24 While suing to block a subpoena of his bank records from JP Morgan current Trump spokesman Taylor Budowich said in a court filing that he had cooperated extensively with the committee by providing 1 700 pages of documents and about four hours of sworn testimony relating to the planning and financing of Trump s speech outside the White House on January 6 392 The subpoena of JP Morgan had not been public knowledge until Budowich s lawsuit revealed it It is the first time this committee has been known to subpoena a bank directly 77 December 27 Thompson told The Guardian that the committee would investigate a call Trump made to his associates at the Willard Hotel on the night before the January 6 attack d 393 December 29 Trump s attorney complained to the Supreme Court that if the committee s work had any legislative purpose it was merely a pretext for what is essentially a law enforcement investigation This would invalidate the investigation according to Trump s lawyers since the congressional mandate requires a legislative purpose 394 Trump s attorney cited Thompson s recent acknowledgment that the committee could make a criminal referral 394 December 31 Bernard Kerik provided documents to the committee He did not provide what he considered to be attorney work product documents he described these in a privilege log One was described as a draft letter from Trump that cited national security reasons to seize election related evidence It was dated December 17 the day before Trump Flynn Giuliani and others met in the Oval Office to discuss options including seizing voting machines Another document detailed a sweeping nationwide communications plan to persuade Republican representatives at the state and federal level to disregard the fraudulent vote count and certify the duly elected President Trump 395 2022 edit January 2022 edit January 5 Former Trump White House aide Stephanie Grisham testified to the committee 396 She reportedly said that Trump held secret meetings in the White House residence in the weeks before the Capitol attack and that the Secret Service had received a presidential document reflecting Trump s intentions to march to the Capitol on January 6 397 January 8 The Guardian reported the committee was examining whether Trump had overseen a criminal conspiracy that connected efforts to block Biden s election certification with the Capitol attack 398 January 9 Representative Jim Jordan declined the committee s December 22 request for an interview 399 January 10 An article in Politico drew renewed attention to the fake electors scheme in which unauthorized individuals had forged certificates of ascertainment claiming that Trump won their state s electoral votes These unauthorized individuals had sent the false documents to NARA NARA had rejected them The committee was reportedly interviewing state officials especially in Arizona Georgia Michigan and Pennsylvania to retrace Trump s efforts to subvert the election at the state level 400 January 12 The committee asked Republican House minority leader Kevin McCarthy to voluntarily provide information In a letter to McCarthy the committee summarized its knowledge of McCarthy s positions and actions and it asked McCarthy if he d discussed his own shifts in tone with Trump or his aides especially considering any investigations McCarthy said hours later he would not cooperate 401 402 403 CNN reported the committee was investigating fraudulent certificates of ascertainment created by Trump allies in seven states in late December 2020 The documents had been published by the watchdog group American Oversight in March 2021 but received little attention until January 2022 Michigan attorney general Dana Nessel announced on January 14 that after a months long investigation she had asked the U S Justice Department to open a criminal investigation 404 405 406 Deputy attorney general Lisa Monaco confirmed several days later that the department was reviewing the matter 407 January 19 The Supreme Court ruled that NARA could release the Trump White House documents to the committee 408 It did not provide a reason stating simply that it denied Trump s request However it did make a comment As the Court of Appeals had acknowledged it would have denied Trump s request even had he still been in office anything the Court of Appeals said about Trump s status as a former President was legally nonbinding The votes of the justices were not disclosed except for the dissent of Justice Clarence Thomas 409 410 Thomas s wife Ginni Thomas had attended the January 6 rally which was not reported until two months after the Supreme Court s decision 411 January 20 The committee asked Ivanka Trump for a voluntary interview She was interviewed ultimately on April 5 412 413 John Eastman sued the committee The case is Eastman v Thompson in the Southern Division of the United States District Court for the Central District of California 414 In the evening the committee received the documents from NARA that they had been seeking since August 147 148 January 23 Thompson disclosed the committee had been talking with former U S attorney general William Barr as well as some Pentagon officials Months later it was further clarified that the committee s Vice Chair Liz Cheney had spoken to Barr informally at his home for two hours in the fall of 2021 415 Barr had been a staunch ally of Trump until his December 1 2020 announcement that the Justice Department had not found evidence of significant election irregularities Trump was angered by the finding and announced Barr s resignation on Twitter two weeks later 416 417 418 January 24 In an effort to withhold 19 000 emails subpoenaed by the committee an attorney for John Eastman told a federal judge that they were protected by attorney client privilege because Eastman had been representing Trump while participating in the January 2 conference call with legislators the January 3 Oval Office meeting with Trump and Pence and while working at the Willard Hotel Eastman had not previously asserted privilege The emails were stored on servers at Eastman s former employer Chapman University which had been subpoenaed and did not object to their release The judge ordered the emails released to Eastman s legal team to identify which they asserted were privileged before allowing a third party to scrutinize them 419 The committee subpoenaed the telephone records of Arizona Republican Party chair Kelli Ward and her husband Michael Ward Both Wards were alternate electors who signed the false Arizona certificate of ascertainment Kelli Ward was among the most prominent of Republican officials who worked with Trump to stoke claims of election fraud and later was involved in sending the false certificates to Congress 420 421 January 26 Marc Short who had been Pence s chief of staff was interviewed by the committee 422 They asked him about a conversation on January 5 2021 in which he predicted that Trump would very soon publicly turn against Pence likely posing a security risk to Pence Short had spoken to Pence s lead Secret Service agent on that day to advise him of the risk 423 January 28 The committee subpoenaed fourteen Republicans in seven states who falsely asserted they were the chairperson and secretary on slates of Trump electors presented on bogus certificates of ascertainment 424 Former Trump deputy press secretary Judd Deere was subpoenaed The committee stated in a letter to Deere that he had helped with formulating White House s response to the January 6 attack as it occurred and it wanted to discuss a January 5 Oval Office staff meeting he attended with Trump 425 January 31 The New York Times reported there were two executive orders drafted in mid December to allow Trump to order the seizure of voting machines predicated on baseless allegations of foreign tampering advanced by Waldron Flynn and Powell One document ordered the Defense Department to seize the machines while the other called for the Department of Homeland Security to conduct the seizures Giuliani persuaded Trump to avoid the former but at Trump s direction he asked Ken Cuccinelli the second in command at DHS if seizures were possible Cuccinelli responded DHS did not have the authority Trump had also suggested to attorney general Bill Barr in November that the Justice Department could conduct the seizures which Barr quickly said the department would not do The Times reported the next day that the committee was scrutinizing Trump s involvement 426 427 February 2022 edit February 1 NARA notified Trump that it planned to deliver some of Pence s records to the committee on March 3 428 Kelli and Michael Ward filed suit to preclude their telephone carrier from releasing the records on February 4 asserting that as practicing physicians their confidential communications with patients would be compromised 420 February 9 The committee subpoenaed Peter Navarro a top Trump trade and manufacturing policy advisor who had publicly said after the election that he worked with Steve Bannon and other Trump allies in an operation to delay the final certification of the election results in an effort to change the outcome 429 February 15 Biden rejected Trump s claim of executive privilege over the White House visitor logs for dates including January 6 2021 NARA had provided these visitor logs to the Biden White House for review The day after Biden s approval NARA notified Trump that they would deliver the visitor logs to the committee on March 3 430 February 22 The Supreme Court declined to hear Trump s challenge to the release of the NARA records The records had already been delivered to the committee on January 20 after the court denied Trump s emergency request The Supreme Court was now saying it would not hear Trump s case at all It did not disclose its reasoning or decision process 167 February 24 Politico reported a woman who was awaiting sentencing for breaching the Capitol asserted she also had extensive ties with the Pennsylvania Republican party and had testified to committee investigators four times since October 2021 She said she had attended events surrounded by Congressman Senators even Trump advisers and was promised future benefits including a possible White House job She also stated a Trump adviser asked her to help solicit affidavits alleging election fraud She was the first indicted person to publicly disclose that her involvement extended beyond the attack and into the Republican establishment 431 February 25 Kimberly Guilfoyle Donald Trump Jr s fiancee appeared for a voluntary interview but abruptly left her video deposition when she realized committee members were present Her lawyer subsequently complained that someone had leaked the news of the interview to the press 432 March 2022 edit March 1 The committee subpoenaed six attorneys involved in Trump s efforts to overturn the election including by filing lawsuits pressuring local election officials to change the results and drafting proposed executive orders to seize voting machines 433 March 2 nbsp Document 160 from the John C Eastman v Bennie G Thompson et al case The committee stated in a federal court filing for Eastman v Thompson that the evidence it had acquired provides at minimum a good faith basis for concluding Trump and his campaign violated multiple laws in a criminal conspiracy to defraud the United States by attempting to prevent Congress from certifying his defeat The filing in the District Court for the Central District of California challenged Eastman s court efforts to shield his emails from the committee as he asserted attorney client privilege 434 435 436 437 It contained a January 6 2021 email exchange in which Pence s chief counsel Greg Jacob rebuked Eastman for proposing that Pence stop the vote certification Jacob said that as a legal framework it is a results oriented position that you would never support if attempted by the opposition and essentially entirely made up 438 March 3 Kimberly Guilfoyle was subpoenaed The committee believed she was active in fundraising for the rallies preceding the attack and was in the Oval Office that day 432 March 4 Rudy Giuliani s attorneys suggested that he may not comply with his subpoena given the committee s treatment of Eastman Giuliani has asserted attorney client privilege the type of privilege that the committee asked a judge on March 2 to waive for Eastman 439 March 9 The RNC sued to block the committee s subpoena of customer relationship management software company Salesforce Through the subpoena the committee had sought information about Republican National Committee fundraising 440 441 The RNC lost the lawsuit on May 1 A federal judge said he would review 111 of John Eastman s emails from January 4 7 2021 to determine whether they are protected by attorney client or attorney work product privilege 442 March 28 nbsp Document 260 28 March 2022 Order of Judge David O Carter from the John C Eastman v Bennie G Thompson et al case The committee voted unanimously to hold Dan Scavino and Peter Navarro in contempt for refusing to testify 443 The next step would be for the full House to vote 444 Judge David O Carter reviewed Eastman s emails and said the illegality of the plan was obvious and ordered 101 emails to be turned over to the committee Although neither Eastman nor Trump had been charged with a crime the judge also wrote Based on the evidence the Court finds that it is more likely than not that President Trump and Dr Eastman dishonestly conspired to obstruct the Joint Session of Congress on January 6 2021 445 Carter also wrote referring to Kenneth Chesebro s December 13 2020 email to Rudy Giuliani and others President Trump s team transformed a legal interpretation of the Electoral Count Act into a day by day plan of action The draft memo pushed a strategy that knowingly violated the Electoral Count Act 446 447 Chesebro s email was later found to have included a proposal for Pence to recuse himself Chesebro argued that vice presidents have a conflict of interest if they have just run for reelection and he suggested that instead Chuck Grassley or another senior senate Republican should certify the election results In this strategy when the senator opened the Arizona envelopes and found two conflicting elector slates he would halt the certification and suggest possible remedies such as allowing the Republican controlled state legislature to appoint electors Grassley told Roll Call on January 5 that We don t expect Pence to be there though Grassley s office quickly walked back the statement and said neither he nor his staff had been aware of the proposal 448 449 March 29 Committee chair Thompson called it concerning that no record of phone calls made by President Trump from 11 17 a m to 6 54 p m on January 6 had been found in eleven pages of records turned over to the committee The committee was investigating whether it had received the complete phone log and whether Trump had used other phones 450 March 31 Jared Kushner voluntarily spoke to the committee for six hours He was the first Trump family member to be interviewed 451 April 2022 edit April 5 Ivanka Trump voluntarily spoke to the committee for eight hours 187 April 8 The Guardian reported the committee had found evidence the Capitol attack included a coordinated assault by the Proud Boys and Oath Keepers as well as possible coordination with Save America rally organizers 452 CNN reported that documents the committee obtained included a text message Donald Trump Jr sent to Meadows two days after the election The text outlined paths to subvert the Electoral College process and ensure his father a second term Trump Jr wrote It s very simple We have multiple paths We control them all We have operational control Total leverage Moral high ground POTUS must start second term now He continued Republicans control 28 states Democrats 22 states Once again Trump wins adding We either have a vote WE control and WE win OR it gets kicked to Congress 6 January 2021 Biden had not yet been declared the winner at the time of the text 453 April 10 The New York Times reported that committee members were divided on whether to make a criminal referral to the DOJ though they agreed they had sufficient evidence 454 Vice chair Liz Cheney said there had been a massive and well organized and well planned effort that used multiple tools to try to overturn an election and that it was absolutely clear that Trump and his allies knew it was unlawful 455 456 April 13 Former White House counsel Pat A Cipollone and his deputy Patrick F Philbin met with the committee after Trump gave them permission 457 NARA archivist David S Ferriero gave Trump advance notice that he planned to turn over more documents to the committee on April 28 458 April 15 CNN published text messages the committee had obtained from Mark Meadows focused on his communications with Senator Mike Lee and Representative Chip Roy both of whom had backed off their initial support of Trump s efforts to challenge the election Lee had grown disillusioned with Sidney Powell s wild claims and when no state legislatures convened to pursue Eastman s fake electors scheme Lee had voted to approve the official electoral results He then criticized senators Ted Cruz and Josh Hawley for their continued election denial 459 460 April 18 A court filing by Eastman indicated that he was still trying to withhold 37 000 pages of emails Federal judge David Carter will again consider his request 461 April 20 The Justice Department wrote to the committee with a broad request for transcripts of witness interviews and of any additional interviews you conduct in the future acknowledging that they could be used as evidence in potential criminal cases to pursue new leads or as a baseline for new interviews conducted by federal law enforcement officials Kenneth Polite assistant attorney general for the criminal division and Matthew Graves the U S attorney for the District of Columbia wrote the committee s lead investigator Timothy Heaphy advising him that the transcripts may contain information relevant to a criminal investigation we are conducting 16 May 2022 edit May 1 U S District Judge Timothy J Kelly rejected the RNC s attempt to protect its Salesforce fundraising data from being released to the committee The committee had claimed that the RNC and the Trump campaign had sent emails through Salesforce to spread claims of election fraud which in turn motivated the attack on the Capitol Acknowledging the committee s position the judge ruled that the committee has the constitutional right to seek information through a subpoena and he rejected the RNC s argument that the First Amendment shields its information 462 May 2 The committee requested voluntary interviews with Representatives Mo Brooks of Alabama Andy Biggs of Arizona and Ronny Jackson of Texas 463 All three declined 464 May 6 Rudy Giuliani scheduled to testify on this day backed out after requesting and being denied the right to record his testimony 465 May 12 The committee issued subpoenas to House Republican leader Kevin McCarthy and Republican congressmen Jim Jordan Mo Brooks Scott Perry and Andy Biggs The subpoenaing of House members by a committee had no modern precedent apart from those of the House Ethics Committee Unlike other subpoenas issued by the committee the scope and contents of these were not disclosed including whether documents or communications records were demanded 466 467 May 17 The New York Times reported the committee was negotiating with the Justice Department to exchange the witness interview transcripts for information the DOJ has This was also the first news report about the April 20 request 16 May 19 The committee asked Republican congressman Barry Loudermilk to voluntarily meet with investigators writing we believe you have information regarding a tour you led through parts of the Capitol complex the day before the attack adding that reporting and witness accounts indicate some individuals and groups engaged in efforts to gather information about the layout of the U S Capitol as well as the House and Senate office buildings in advance of January 6 2021 468 The committee later publicly identified the man who photographed hallways and staircases in the Capitol complex as Trevor Hallgren who had traveled to Washington with Danny Hamilton On January 6 Hamilton carried a flag with a sharpened tip that he suggested was a weapon intended for a specific target while Hallgren named Democratic politicians and said We re coming for you We re coming to take you out 469 470 In Loudermilk s same day reply he said he gave a tour to a family with young children He denied that it was a suspicious group or reconnaissance tour and he did not indicate whether he intended to cooperate with the committee 471 Former attorney general Bill Barr was reportedly in active negotiations to provide sworn testimony and formal transcribed testimony 472 415 John Eastman revealed that he sometimes spoke directly with Trump about a strategy to overturn the election but also had six intermediaries who could reach Trump for him In a court filing Eastman sought to block the committee from receiving two of Trump s handwritten notes communications from seven state legislators a document discussing possible scenarios for Jan 6 and a document discussing possible election related lawsuits 473 May 20 Giuliani spoke with the committee for more than nine hours 474 June 2022 edit June 2 Bill Barr gave in person testimony behind closed doors for two hours 475 June 3 The FBI arrested Peter Navarro who had been indicted by a grand jury the previous day for contempt of Congress 14 Chairman Thompson and Vice Chair Cheney said it was puzzling 476 that the DOJ had decided not to prosecute Mark Meadows and Dan Scavino both of whom Congress had also held in contempt months earlier 477 June 7 Judge David Carter ruled that Eastman must disclose an additional 159 sensitive documents to the committee Ten documents related to three December 2020 meetings by a secretive group including someone whom Carter characterized as a high profile leader strategizing about how to overturn the election Carter decided that one email in particular contained likely evidence of a crime and he ordered it disclosed under the crime fraud exception of attorney client privilege It contained a warning by an unidentified attorney that the Trump legal team should not go to court over the upcoming Congressional session to certify the Electoral College vote count since litigating might tank the January 6 strategy 478 June 9 First public hearing New footage of the attack was shown and the first witnesses testified publicly 479 It was revealed that Representative Scott Perry had requested a pardon at the end of the Trump administration 480 June 12 Committee members Adam Schiff and Jamie Raskin told reporters there was enough evidence to recommend that the Justice Department indict President Donald Trump 481 482 June 13 Second public hearing The committee presented testimony that Trump knew he lost the 2020 election yet promoted the false narrative to exploit donors raking in half a billion dollars 483 484 June 15 The committee released video of Representative Barry Loudermilk leading 15 people through the Capitol complex on January 5 2021 the day before the insurrection One unnamed man was seen photographing Capitol passageways such as staircases In a separate video taken the next day during the insurrection the same man stood outside the Capitol building and screamed threats about Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi and others 485 On May 19 when the committee had requested a voluntary interview with Loudermilk about the matter he wrote a statement claiming he had given a tour to a constituent family with young children on January 5 who did not enter the Capitol grounds on the 6th 486 On June 15 Loudermilk again denied responsibility but this time he omitted the denial of their presence at the Capitol on January 6 485 He also complained despite continuing to refuse the committee s request for an interview that the committee had not spoken to him directly about his activities 487 The New York Times reported on an email exchange dated December 24 2020 that the committee had obtained between Eastman attorney Kenneth Chesebro and Trump campaign officials Eastman wrote he was aware of a heated fight within the Supreme Court about whether to hear a case and participants in the email exchange discussed whether to file a Wisconsin case that four justices would agree to bring before the full court Eastman wrote The odds are not based on the legal merits but an assessment of the justices spines Chesebro responded that the odds of action before Jan 6 will become more favorable if the justices start to fear that there will be wild chaos on Jan 6 unless they rule by then either way Chesebro a New York appellate attorney had 11 days earlier emailed Rudy Giuliani with a proposal for Pence to recuse himself from the January 6 certification so a senior Republican senator could count fraudulent elector slates to declare Trump the victor 488 489 June 16 Third public hearing Having recently acquired Ginni Thomas s emails with Eastman 490 Thompson and Cheney reversed a previous decision and asked her for an interview 491 492 June 17 After receiving another letter from the Justice Department now characterizing transcripts of witness interviews as critical to its investigations the committee said it was engaged in a cooperative process to address the DOJ s needs Like the April 20 letter this letter was signed by Matthew Graves and Kenneth Polite with the addition of Matthew Olsen the Assistant Attorney General for the National Security Division 493 June 21 Fourth public hearing Politico reported the committee had subpoenaed documentary filmmaker Alex Holder the previous week Holder had been granted extensive access to Trump and his inner circle and had filmed interviews with Trump before and after January 6 The existence of the footage had not been previously reported 494 The resultant documentary miniseries Unprecedented was released two weeks later 495 June 23 Fifth public hearing Former DOJ officials during the Trump administration testified live about how Trump tried to enlist the DOJ to overturn the 2020 presidential election 496 Videotaped testimony revealed that Representatives Mo Brooks Andy Biggs and Louie Gohmert asked for pardons at the end of the Trump administration Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene may also have asked for a pardon according to a former aide to White House chief of staff Mark Meadows 497 It had been reported two months earlier that GOP Representative Matt Gaetz had asked for a blanket pardon 498 his pardon request was also discussed at the hearing June 28 Sixth public hearing July 2022 edit July 8 Pat Cipollone former White House counsel testified for eight hours He had already given a closed door interview on April 13 and had been subpoenaed on June 29 499 Representative Zoe Lofgren said his testimony was consistent with that of other witnesses and that he spoke about Trump s dereliction of duty 500 501 Testimony was closed door and videotaped In response to some questions he asserted executive privilege 502 Stewart Rhodes leader of the Oath Keepers offered from jail to testify to the committee under the conditions that his testimony is presented without editing before an open forum somewhere other than jail 501 July 9 Trump wrote to Steve Bannon who was anticipating imminent trial for his federal indictment for refusing to comply with his subpoena Trump said he would waive Executive Privilege for you which allows you to go in and testify truthfully and fairly as long as Bannon could agree with the committee on when and where he would testify Bannon s lawyer immediately wrote to the committee asking to testify at your public hearing rather than in a closed door deposition that would last hours 503 The committee did not entertain the idea 504 July 11 A judge ruled that Steve Bannon s lawyers cannot argue that the committee s subpoena violated House rules nor that Trump ordered him to defy the subpoena 505 July 12 Seventh public hearing Representative Liz Cheney revealed that Donald Trump had called one of the committee s witnesses That person did not answer Trump s call The witness was said to be someone who had not yet testified publicly 88 The person was later further identified but not named as a White House support staffer who did not routinely speak to Trump and who had been speaking to the committee The phone call had happened sometime within the previous two weeks following Cassidy Hutchinson s public testimony 506 July 15 The committee subpoenaed the U S Secret Service for text messages from January 5 6 2021 that its agents deleted 507 Patrick Byrne former CEO of Overstock testified behind closed doors 508 July 18 Jury selection began in Steve Bannon s trial 509 July 19 The Secret Service said it could not recover the text messages 510 The National Archives called for an investigation 511 Garrett Ziegler a Trump White House aide to Peter Navarro spoke to the committee Afterward he livestreamed himself calling the investigation a Bolshevistic anti White campaign that see s me as a young Christian who they can try to basically scare and insulting Cassidy Hutchinson and Alyssa Farah Griffin two Trump administration officials who have cooperated with the committee 512 July 20 The Department of Homeland Security s Inspector General informed the Secret Service that it was opening a criminal probe into the missing text messages 513 This probe is separate from the House committee s subpoena It was revealed that DHS had already known that the Secret Service had deleted its text messages 195 July 21 Eighth public hearing July 22 Steve Bannon was convicted of two counts of contempt of Congress for his refusal to testify and produce documents He will be sentenced on October 21 514 July 24 Committee Vice Chair Representative Liz Cheney said the committee would consider subpoenaing Ginni Thomas They had already asked her on June 16 to meet with them voluntarily 515 516 July 26 Chairman Thompson in his capacity as Chair of the House Homeland Security Committee and Chairwoman Maloney of the House Oversight amp Reform Committee sent a joint letter to DHS IG and Allison C Lerner Chair of Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency to have Cuffari step aside from the investigation into the missing Secret Service text messages and have the CIGIE appoint another Inspector General to conduct the investigation 517 July 28 It was reported that the committee had already interviewed Trump s former Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin as well as other former Cabinet officials including Labor Secretary Eugene Scalia Acting Defense Secretary Chris Miller and Acting Attorney General Jeff Rosen and was likely to interview former Director of National Intelligence John Ratcliffe 518 Former acting White House chief of staff Mick Mulvaney spoke to the committee for about two and a half hours He said he was asked about his involvement in the Trump campaign his conversations around Election Day and his messages on January 6 519 August 2022 edit August 1 Chairman Thompson repeated his July 26 request asking DHS IG Cuffari to step aside He demanded documents and interviews citing evidence that Cuffari s staff at the direction of Deputy Inspector General Thomas Kait may no longer be trying to obtain the Secret Service messages 520 521 August 8 The committee received Alex Jones s text messages Jones s defense attorneys in the Heslin v Jones defamation lawsuit by Sandy Hook parents had mistakenly given this telephone data to Mark Bankston a plaintiff attorney who then passed the data on to the committee Bankston informed Judge Maya Guerra Gamble that the House committee had requested the text messages 522 523 524 August 9 Mike Pompeo former Secretary of State met with the committee According to Representative Zoe Lofgren he answer ed questions for quite some time 525 August 12 It was reported that the committee had recently spoken to Elaine Chao Trump s Secretary of Transportation 526 August 23 Robert O Brien Trump s national security adviser testified 527 Politico reports that aides to the committee had traveled to Copenhagen the previous week to view extensive documentary footage about Roger Stone The documentary had been filmed by a crew led by Christoffer Guldbrandsen da 528 529 In June Guldbrandsen had refused that FBI could access the footage directly requiring a court order 530 August 30 Tony Ornato retired as the assistant director of the Office of Training at the Secret Service Hours later Ornato told NBC News he would cooperate with the investigations of the select committee and of the Department of Homeland Security 531 532 He had already testified to the select committee in March 533 September 2022 edit September 1 The select committee requested that Newt Gingrich voluntarily appear for an interview about his communications with Trump s senior aides before and after the attack as well as his television ads pushing the big lie 534 535 September 2 The select committee withdrew its subpoena against the Republican National Committee and Salesforce 536 537 September 11 In an interview on the progressive podcast No Lie with Brian Tyler Cohen Representative Raskin stated that the select committee had been taken totally by surprise by this new scandal of the FBI search of Mar a Lago an event over which the select committee had no jurisdiction He also noted that the select committee s hearings could pertain to the missing text messages from the Secret Service as well as the Department of Defense 538 September 12 The committee had reportedly been discussing the prioritization of investigative threads 539 including Requesting testimony from Mike Pence and Donald Trump Whether to subpoena other high profile individuals including Virginia Ginni Thomas the wife of Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas Referring the former president to the Department of Justice which is expanding its own criminal probe into January 6 540 Taking action against the five Republican lawmakers in the House of Representatives who refused to cooperate with subpoenas Kevin McCarthy House Minority Leader Jim Jordan Mo Brooks Andy Biggs and Scott Perry Inquiring into the U S Secret Service including the deletion of text messages as well as allegations that former Secret Service agent Tony Ornato was personally involved in efforts to discredit the testimony of Trump White House aide Cassidy Hutchinson September 13 Chairman Thompson told reporters that the Select Committee planned another public hearing for September 28 though this was ultimately postponed due to a hurricane 541 He also said they planned to release an interim report in mid October which did not happen 542 543 September 14 Chairman Thompson said the Secret Service had produced thousands of exhibits including text messages and radio traffic following the committee s July 15 subpoena 544 545 Representative Lofgren said the committee really pressed hard for the agency to release the material 546 In a court filing the committee asked a federal judge in California for another 3 200 pages of emails from John Eastman Additionally House Counsel Douglas Letter asked the judge to review the remaining batch of emails and decide whether Eastman s claims of executive privilege are valid 547 548 September 15 The Select Committee released a snippet of radio communications between Oath Keepers who were following live news coverage of the attack and reacting to President Trump s tweets The select committee did not disclose the identities of these individuals but they were said to be both on the ground and off site 549 550 Chairman Thompson stated that in addition to possibly making referrals to the DOJ the select committee may make referrals to other agencies like the Federal Election Commission 551 September 17 John McEntee who served as Director of the White House Presidential Personnel Office in the Trump Administration testified that Representative Matt Gaetz sought a preemptive presidential pardon relating to an ongoing DOJ investigation into possible violations of federal sex trafficking laws The DOJ had been investigating Gaetz since early 2021 over these allegations including whether Gaetz had a sexual relationship with a 17 year old girl but he had not been charged with any crimes 552 McEntee did not comment A spokesperson for Gaetz commented indirectly saying that Gaetz never directly asked Trump for a pardon 553 September 19 Vice Chair Liz Cheney and Representative Zoe Lofgren announced they would propose changes to the Electoral Count Act to make it harder to overturn a certified presidential election in the future 554 September 20 Rep Cheney and Rep Lofgren s bill H R 8873 The Presidential Election Reform Act 555 was sent to the House Committee on Rules and passed with a 9 3 vote 556 September 21 HR 8873 passed the House 229 203 with all Democrats in favor Nine Republicans most of whom had voted for Trump s 2nd impeachment also voted in favor 557 HR 8873 was said to have more detail than the Senate version S 4573 Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022 558 559 Senator Susan Collins R Maine told the Washington Post this week that she preferred the Senate version as it already had the approval of enough Senate Republicans to pass the filibuster threshold 560 Ginni Thomas agreed to a voluntary interview 561 September 23 In a 60 Minutes interview Denver Riggleman former senior technical adviser for the January 6 Committee as well as an ex military intelligence officer and former Republican congressman from Virginia stated that the White House switchboard connected a telephone call to a Capitol rioter on January 6 2021 Riggleman states that he had begged the January 6 Committee to push harder to identify the numbers A spokesperson for the select committee that they have run down all the leads and digested and analyzed all the information that arose from his Riggleman s work 562 September 25 Wisconsin State Assembly Speaker Robin Vos R filed a lawsuit 563 against the Jan 6 Select Committee after receiving a subpoena 564 calling him to testify before the committee Monday morning 565 Representative Raskin confirmed on Meet The Press that the Select Committee is aware of the communication between the White House switchboard and a rioter during the attack on the capitol Raskin commented You know I can t say anything specific about that particular call but we are aware of it September 27 With Hurricane Ian approaching Florida the Select Committee postponed its public hearing that had been scheduled for the next day September 28 In a joint statement Chairman Thompson and Vice Chair Cheney stated We re praying for the safety of all those in the storm s path 566 September 28 The scheduled meeting was postponed because of Hurricane Ian September 29 Ginni Thomas voluntarily testified in person Chairman Thompson said Thomas still believes the presidential election was stolen and that she answered some questions 567 Thomas also denied having discussed her post election activities with her husband a Supreme Court justice 568 October 2022 edit October 4 Kelli Ward Chair of the Arizona Republican Party declined to answer questions during her subpoenaed testimony before the select committee 569 October 7 U S District Judge Diane Humetewa dismissed Ward s request to toss out the February 15 subpoena clearing the way for the select committee to gain access to her cell phone records 570 571 October 11 US Capitol Police investigated a letter sent to Chairman Thompson that contained concerning language as well as a suspicious substance 572 They decided it did not pose a threat 573 October 13 Ninth public hearing The select committee voted unanimously on live national TV to subpoena Donald Trump 574 575 Trump wrote a 14 page letter in reply 576 October 19 Judge David Carter orders John Eastman to turn over an additional 33 documents to the select committee 577 Eight emails were of particular importance Carter said that four related to the crime of obstruction as they suggest that Eastman and other attorneys aimed primarily to delay or otherwise disrupt the certification of the election without necessarily believing the legal arguments they were submitting and another four discussed filing lawsuits as a delay tactic 578 579 Carter ruled that they were sufficiently related to and in furtherance of a conspiracy to defraud the United States 580 October 21 Steve Bannon was sentenced to four months in prison for refusing to testify 581 He went on to appeal his conviction and sentence so he remains free 582 583 The select committee formally subpoenaed former President Donald Trump for his testimony under oath as well as relevant records having voted a week earlier to do so They demanded that Trump provide documents by the morning of November 4 and testify on the morning of November 14 155 3 181 Vice chair Cheney later said Trump s testimony must be closed door and could not be broadcast live 182 While previous known subpoenas were signed solely by Chair Thompson this is the first subpoena known to bear Vice chair Cheney s signature as well October 25 Hope Hicks testified 584 October 28 Eastman s lawyers gave the eight emails to the committee 579 October 31 U S District Court Judge Carl Nichols dismissed Mark Meadows lawsuit concluding that the September 23 2021 subpoena was valid and justified under the Constitution s legislative powers 585 586 November 2022 edit November 1 Vice chair Liz Cheney said the committee was in discussions with Trump s lawyers regarding their subpoena for his testimony under oath 587 November 2 The committee interviewed former Secret Service agent John Gutsmiedl 588 November 3 The select committee interviewed the former head of Pence s security detail Tim Giebels 588 November 4 The select committee issued a brief public statement implying that Trump had not yet turned over any of the subpoenaed records insisting that he begin producing them by next week and adding that his November 14 deposition date had not changed 589 November 7 The select committee interviewed the person who had driven Trump in the presidential vehicle on the day of the attack His name was not publicly revealed 590 He testified that contrary to Cassidy Hutchinson s testimony about what Tony Ornato had told her Trump never grabbed the steering wheel I didn t see him you know lunge to try to get into the front seat at all 591 November 9 Trump s lawyers wrote to the select committee saying he would consider providing written responses instead of spoken testimony 592 November 11 Trump sued the select committee to block the October 21 subpoena 5 No president or former president has ever been compelled by a subpoena to provide documents or testimony his lawyers argued in a 41 page filing The lawsuit was filed in the U S District Court for the Southern District of Florida in West Palm Beach the same district court where Trump recently succeeded in suing for a special master in the Mar a Lago documents case 592 156 November 14 Trump did not comply with the subpoena for his deposition The select committee complained that his lawyers have made no attempt to negotiate an appearance of any sort and his lawsuit parades out many of the same arguments that courts have rejected repeatedly over the last year They said they would evaluate next steps 4 The U S Supreme Court denied Arizona GOP chair Kelli Ward s request to quash the select committee s subpoena of her phone records 593 594 November 15 Chairman Thompson stated that a Contempt of Congress referral targeting Trump could be an option 595 November 17 The select committee interviewed the former head of Trump s security detail Robert Engel 596 November 30 Wisconsin assembly speaker Robin Vos testified 597 Chairman Thompson said the committee did not anticipate taking any further witness testimony 597 Rep Zoe Lofgren agreed We ve now completed all of our interviews 598 U S Attorney General Merrick Garland repeated his request for all interview transcripts 599 House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy wrote a letter warning the committee that the incoming Republican majority House of Representatives would investigate the committee s work Chairman Thompson replied that the committee planned to publish most of its findings anyway He also pointed out that McCarthy had defied a subpoena so Thompson said I think the horse has left the barn 208 December 2022 edit December 6 Chairman Thompson said the select committee would issue criminal referrals to the Department of Justice 600 but suggested that it had not yet decided whom to refer 601 December 13 The committee rescheduled its vote on criminal referrals The new date was December 19 Several days previously it had said it would do this on December 21 602 603 December 19 The Select Committee had its last public meeting 92 Members summarized their investigative findings They recommended that Trump be charged with four crimes 604 18 U S C 1512 c 605 371 606 1001 607 and 2383 608 They recommended that Eastman be charged with two of the same crimes 6 They voted 9 0 to adopt the final report To audience applause they adjourned for the final time The introduction to the final report called the Executive Summary was released immediately after the meeting 609 The committee referred Representatives McCarthy Jordan Biggs and Perry to the House Ethics Committee recommending that they be sanctioned for not complying with subpoenas 15 610 The committee s criminal referral to the Department of Justice also named Jeffrey Clark Kenneth Chesebro Mark Meadows and Rudy Giuliani as apparent co conspirators though none of them were referred due to lack of evidence 611 612 613 After the meeting Rep Raskin explained to reporters that more criminal referrals including for members of Congress would be laid out in the final report Raskin told reporters that the committee had referred these individuals because we felt certain that there was abundant evidence that they had participated in crimes he noted that DOJ may criminally charge anyone they choose should DOJ have evidence to do so 614 Trump posted to Truth Social What doesn t kill me makes me stronger 615 Nonetheless Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell appeared to blame Trump saying The entire nation knows who is responsible for that day 616 Other Republican leaders avoided comment 617 December 21 The committee began releasing interview transcripts 21 December 22 The committee released transcripts of Cassidy Hutchinson s September 14 and 15 2022 testimony There Hutchinson revealed that Trump allies had pressured her not to testify 618 619 In the evening the committee publicly released its final report The report had been expected the previous day but was delayed 19 The report recommended that DOJ pursue criminal charges against Trump 620 Trump posted to Truth Social attacking the highly partisan Unselect Committee Report without responding to its substance He repeated several grievances about the select committee and the report including its failure to look into Republican allegations of security failures being the reason for the January 6 attack 621 December 24 Trump posted to Truth Social I had almost nothing to do with January 6th 622 with his lawyer describing the committee s referrals as pretty much worthless 623 December 28 Chairman Thompson wrote to Trump s lawyers notifying them that the committee was withdrawing its subpoena and that Trump is no longer obligated to comply Thompson explained that since the new Congress would be seated in less than a week bringing an end to the committee the Select Committee can no longer pursue the specific information covered by the subpoena 624 Subpoenas editThe Select Committee s subpoena power comes pursuant to House Resolution 503 Section 5 Procedures c Applicability of Rules Governing Procedures of Committees Rule XI of the Rules of Representatives shall apply to the Select Committee except as follows 4 The chair of the Select Committee may authorize and issue subpoenas pursuant to clause 2 m of rule XI in the investigation and study conducted pursuant to sections 3 and 4 of this resolution including for the purpose of taking depositions 5 The chair of the Select Committee is authorized to compel by subpoena the furnishing of information by interrogatory 6 A The chair of the Select Committee upon consultation with the ranking minority member may order the taking of depositions including pursuant to subpoena by a Member or counsel of the Select Committee in the same manner as a standing committee pursuant to section 3 b 1 of House Resolution 8 One Hundred Seventeenth Congress 6 B Depositions taken under the authority prescribed in this paragraph shall be governed by the procedures submitted by the chair of the Committee on Rules for printing in the Congressional Record on January 4 2021 7 Subpoenas authorized pursuant to this resolution may be signed by the chair of the Select Committee or a designee 625 According to the Congressional Research Service the chair or a person they designate can initiate and authorize subpoenas without consulting the vice chair or other committee members 625 In the January 6th investigation some people testified and provided documents voluntarily while others were legally compelled by subpoenas 626 174 627 The committee did not always publicly announce the subpoenas it issued 111 Notably In 2021 the committee requested the telephone records of more than 100 people 628 some of whom sued 629 In December 2022 as the committee was ending its investigation at least seven lawsuits were still pending in DC District Court and the committee gave up waiting and withdrew its subpoenas for the phone data of Sebastian Gorka Stephen Miller Cleta Mitchell Roger Stone photojournalist Amy Harris and some January 6 Capitol riot defendants 630 On May 12 2022 the committee subpoenaed five House Republicans Jim Jordan Mo Brooks Scott Perry and Andy Biggs and Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy 466 All five refused to cooperate 597 All except Brooks were referred to the DOJ at the committee s final meeting on December 19 2022 15 Representative Thompson the committee chair had told NBC s Meet the Press on January 2 2022 that they would have no reluctance to subpoena sitting members of Congress once they determined they had the authority 631 632 On July 15 2022 the committee subpoenaed the U S Secret Service This was the first time it had subpoenaed an agency of the executive branch The subpoena was issued after it became known the Service had erased text messages from January 5 and 6 2021 after the DHS inspector general had requested them for an after action review of the Service involving the January 6 attack Though the Service claimed the deletions were part of a long planned device migration the inspector general said he believed the Service was not fully cooperating 507 On October 21 2022 the committee subpoenaed former President Trump 3 but he sued to block it 592 Given Trump s history it had seemed unlikely he would comply In February 2021 for Trump s second impeachment trial the House s lead impeachment manager Representative Jamie Raskin asked him to testify about the events of January 6 but he refused 633 Trump has consistently urged other Republicans not to cooperate with the House committee s investigation and he has not cooperated with other major investigations of his own alleged crimes in other matters 634 Had the full House voted to hold him in criminal contempt of Congress before the new Congress began in early January 2023 DOJ could have charged him for contempt of Congress 635 Known subpoenas of individuals and organizations Name Role Subpoenaed Deposition Outcome Telecom carriers call detail records for more than 100 people summer fall 2021 364 N A Unknown 630 Mark Meadows former White House chief of staff September 23 2021 orig October 15 2021November 12 2021 criminal referral to DOJ DOJ previously said it would not indict him 14 though he originally did not appear 349 later cooperated then stopped 636 362 and sued 637 the judge dismissed his lawsuit on October 31 2022 106 Daniel Scavino former White House Deputy Chief of Staff for Communications September 23 2021 orig October 15 2021postponed six times 638 444 DOJ said it would not indict him 14 Kash Patel Former Chief of Staff to Acting Secretary of Defense Christopher C Miller September 23 2021 orig October 14 2021December 9 2021 appeared 639 640 641 Stephen Bannon Former White House Chief Strategist and Senior Counselor to President Trump September 23 2021 October 14 2021 indicted convicted and sentenced 10 Amy Kremer Founder and Chair of Women For America First Mother of Kylie Kremer September 29 2021 October 29 2021 642 Kylie Kremer Founder and executive director of Women For America First Daughter of Amy Kremer September 29 2021 October 29 2021 642 Cynthia Chafian submitted the first permit application on behalf of WFAF for the January 6 rally and founder of the Eighty Percent Coalition September 29 2021 October 28 2021 627 Caroline Wren VIP Advisor for January 6 per rally permit September 29 2021 October 26 2021 627 Maggie Mulvaney VIP Lead for January 6 per rally permit September 29 2021 October 26 2021 627 Justin Caporale Event Strategies Inc Project Manager for January 6 per rally permit September 29 2021 October 25 2021 627 Tim Unes Event Strategies Inc Stage Manager for January 6 per rally permit September 29 2021 October 25 2021 627 Megan Powers MPowers Consulting LLC Operations Manager for Scheduling and Guidance for January 6 per rally permit September 29 2021 October 21 2021 627 Hannah Salem Stone logistics for rally September 29 2021 October 22 2021 627 Lyndon Brentnall on site supervisor for the rally owner of a security company September 29 2021 October 22 2021 627 Katrina Pierson national spokesperson for the 2016 Trump campaign September 29 2021 November 3 2021 627 Ali Alexander connected to Stop the Steal rally permit October 7 2021 October 29 2021 627 reportedly cooperating as of April 2022 643 Nathan Martin connected to Stop the Steal rally permit October 7 2021 October 28 2021 627 Stop the Steal LLC organization George B Coleman custodian of records will be deposed October 7 2021 N A 644 Jeffrey Clark former Assistant Attorney General for the Environment and Natural Resources Division October 13 2021 October 29 2021 627 criminal referral to DOJ Fifth Amendment refused to testify at February 2 2022 appearance 359 previously had invoked executive privilege refused to testify at November 5 2021 appearance 645 and was rescheduled due to illness 646 William Stepien Trump 2020 Campaign Manager November 8 2021 December 13 2021 627 Jason Miller Trump Campaign Senior Advisor November 8 2021 December 10 2021 627 John Eastman conservative lawyer and former professor November 8 2021 December 8 2021 627 criminal referral to DOJ previously took Fifth Amendment refused to testify 647 Michael Flynn former Trump National Security Advisor November 8 2021 orig December 6 2021postponed 648 627 Fifth Amendment refused to testify when he appeared March 10 after unsuccessfully suing to invalidate the subpoena 649 629 650 Angela McCallum Trump Campaign Executive Assistant November 8 2021 November 30 2021 627 651 Bernard Kerik present at the meetings at the Willard Hotel November 8 2021 December 3 2021 627 appeared voluntarily on January 13 2022 652 Nicholas Luna Personal Assistant to Trump November 9 2021 orig December 6 2021postponed 648 627 Molly Michael Executive Assistant and Oval Office Operations Coordinator November 9 2021 December 2 2021 627 Ben Williamson Senior Advisor to Chief of Staff Mark Meadows November 9 2021 December 2 2021 627 Christopher Liddell Deputy Chief of Staff November 9 2021 November 30 2021 627 John McEntee White House Presidential Personnel Office Director November 9 2021 December 15 2021 627 Keith Kellogg National Security Advisor to the Vice President Mike Pence November 9 2021 December 1 2021 627 testified 653 Kayleigh McEnany former White House Press Secretary November 9 2021 December 3 2021 627 appeared on January 12 654 Stephen Miller Director of Speechwriting and Senior Advisor on Policy under Former President Trump November 9 2021 December 14 2021 627 Cassidy Hutchinson Special Assistant to the President and Coordinator for Legislative Affairs November 9 2021 December 1 2021 627 testified four times behind closed doors 655 including February 23 and March 7 2022 656 before speaking at the committee s sixth public hearing on June 28 2022 Kenneth Klukowski Senior Counsel to Assistant Attorney General Jeffrey Clark November 9 2021 November 29 2021 627 Alex Jones InfoWars Host November 22 2021 December 18 2021 657 Fifth Amendment refused to testify 658 Roger Stone Republican Operative November 22 2021 December 17 2021 Fifth Amendment refused to testify 659 Duston Stockton Stop the Steal Organizer November 22 2021 December 14 2021 660 Jennifer Lawrence Stop the Steal Organizer November 22 2021 December 15 2021 Taylor Budowich Trump Spokesman Communications Director of Save America PAC November 22 2021 December 16 2021 testified sued to block release of financial records but the committee had already received them 661 662 Oath Keepers Far Right Militia organization November 23 2021 663 N A Proud Boys Far Right Militia organization November 23 2021 December 7 2021 Stewart Rhodes Oath Keepers Founder November 23 2021 December 14 2021 indicted by federal prosecutors convicted of seditious conspiracy 664 Enrique Tarrio Chairman of the Proud Boys and Florida State Director of Latinos for Trump November 23 2021 December 15 2021 indicted by federal prosecutors charged with conspiracy 665 and sedition 666 Robert Patrick Lewis 1st Amendment Praetorian 667 November 23 2021 December 16 2021 Marc Short Pence s Chief of Staff November 2021 668 January 26 2022 669 testified may have received a friendly subpoena to encourage cooperation 668 670 Max Miller Associate Director of the Presidential Personnel Office and Special Assistant to Former President Trump December 10 2021 January 6 2022 671 672 Robert Bobby Peede Jr Former Deputy Assistant to Former President Trump and Director of Presidential Advance December 10 2021 January 7 2022 671 672 Brian Jack Trump White House Political Director December 10 2021 January 10 2022 671 672 Bryan Lewis Trump aide who helped plan rally December 10 2021 January 4 2022 671 672 Ed Martin Trump ally who helped plan rally December 10 2021 January 5 2022 671 672 Kimberly Fletcher ties to Moms for America helped plan rallies December 10 2021 January 4 2022 671 672 Phil Waldron author of the PowerPoint presentation titled Election Fraud Foreign Interference amp Options for 6 JAN December 16 2021 January 17 2022 673 Andy Surabian adviser to Donald Trump Jr January 11 2022 662 January 31 2022 674 Arthur Schwartz adviser to Donald Trump Jr January 11 2022 662 February 1 2022 675 Ross Worthington former White House official helped Trump draft his January 6 rally speech January 11 2022 662 676 February 2 2022 677 Meta Alphabet YouTube Twitter Reddit Social media companies January 13 2022 676 N A Rudy Giuliani former Trump personal attorney January 18 2022 678 orig February 8 2021postponed 679 680 criminal referral to DOJ Sidney Powell former Trump attorney January 18 2022 678 February 8 2022 681 sued to block release of phone records 682 Jenna Ellis former Trump attorney January 18 2022 678 February 8 2022 683 Boris Epshteyn former Trump advisor January 18 2022 678 February 8 2022 684 Eric Trump son of Trump reported January 18 2022 phone metadata 685 records obtained 685 Kimberly Guilfoyle Trump advisor fiancee of Donald Trump Jr reported January 18 2022 phone metadata 685 records obtained 685 Nick Fuentes Groypers leader White Nationalist Activist podcast host January 19 2022 686 February 9 2022 687 Patrick Casey Far right activist January 19 2022 686 February 9 2022 688 Nancy Cottle Listed as chairperson for Arizona on false slate of Trump electors January 28 2022 424 February 16 2022 689 Loraine B Pellegrino Listed as secretary for Arizona on false slate of Trump electors January 28 2022 424 February 16 2022 689 David Shafer Listed as chairperson for Georgia on false slate of Trump electors January 28 2022 424 February 21 2022 689 Shawn Still Listed as secretary for Georgia on false slate of Trump electors January 28 2022 424 February 21 2022 689 Kathy Berden Listed as chairperson for Michigan on false slate of Trump electors January 28 2022 424 February 22 2022 689 Mayra Rodriguez Listed as secretary for Michigan on false slate of Trump electors January 28 2022 424 February 22 2022 689 Jewll Powdrell Listed as chairperson for New Mexico on false slate of Trump electors January 28 2022 424 February 23 2022 689 Deborah W Maestas Listed as secretary for New Mexico on false slate of Trump electors January 28 2022 424 February 23 2022 689 Michael J McDonald Listed as chairperson for Nevada on false slate of Trump electors January 28 2022 424 February 24 2022 689 James DeGraffenreid Listed as secretary for Nevada on false slate of Trump electors January 28 2022 424 February 24 2022 689 Bill Bachenberg Listed as chairperson for Pennsylvania on false slate of Trump electors January 28 2022 424 February 25 2022 689 Lisa Patton Listed as secretary for Pennsylvania on false slate of Trump electors January 28 2022 424 February 25 2022 689 Andrew Hitt Listed as chairperson for Wisconsin on false slate of Trump electors January 28 2022 424 February 28 2022 689 Kelly Ruh Listed as secretary for Wisconsin on false slate of Trump electors January 28 2022 424 February 28 2022 689 Judd Deere Trump deputy White House press secretary January 28 2022 425 Peter Navarro Trump economic advisor February 9 2022 429 March 2 2022 690 indicted convicted and sentenced 11 in prison 12 Laura Cox Former Michigan Republican Party Chairwoman February 15 2022 691 March 8 2022 Kelli Ward Arizona Republican Party Chairwoman February 15 2022 691 March 8 2022 Fifth Amendment refused to answer substantive questions appeared October 4 2022 692 Gary Michael Brown Deputy Director of Election Day Operations for 2020 Trump campaign February 15 2022 691 March 9 2022 Douglas V Mastriano Pennsylvania state senator planned false slate of Trump electors February 15 2022 691 March 10 2022 appeared briefly on August 9 but did not answer questions 693 complied with request for documents used campaign donations to pay lawyer 694 sued 695 Michael A Roman Director of Election Day Operations for 2020 Trump campaign February 15 2022 691 March 14 2022 Mark Finchem Arizona state legislator Stop the Steal backer February 15 2022 691 March 15 2022 Salesforce com Software company RNC s fundraising platform February 23 2022 696 March 16 2022 the Select Committee dropped its subpoena on Salesforce 537 Kenneth Chesebro Attorney who worked on efforts to overturn election March 1 2022 697 October 26 2022 698 criminal referral to DOJ Christina Bobb Attorney who worked on efforts to overturn election OANN host March 1 2022 697 March 23 2022 Kurt Olsen Attorney who worked on efforts to overturn election March 1 2022 697 March 24 2022 sued to block subpoena March 24 2022 699 Phill Kline Attorney who worked on efforts to overturn election OANN host March 1 2022 697 March 25 2022 Cleta Mitchell Attorney who worked on efforts to overturn election March 1 2022 697 March 28 2022 Katherine Friess Attorney who worked on efforts to overturn election March 1 2022 697 March 29 2022 Kimberly Guilfoyle Trump advisor fiancee of Donald Trump Jr March 3 2022 432 March 15 2022 700 Scott Perry Representative for Pennsylvania s 10th congressional district May 12 2022 701 May 26 2022 criminal referral to DOJ Andy Biggs Representative for Arizona s 5th congressional district May 12 2022 701 May 26 2022 criminal referral to DOJ Jim Jordan Representative for Ohio s 4th congressional district May 12 2022 701 May 27 2022 criminal referral to DOJ Kevin McCarthy House Minority Leader May 12 2022 701 May 31 2022 criminal referral to DOJ Mo Brooks Representative for Alabama s 5th congressional district spoke at rally May 12 2022 701 May 31 2022 Pat Cipollone White House Counsel June 29 2022 702 July 6 2022 scheduled for closed door videotaped testimony on July 8 2022 499 U S Secret Service Department of Homeland Security agency erased text messages July 15 2022 703 N A Patrick Philbin White House deputy counsel under Pat Cipollone reported August 3 2022 704 Robin Vos Speaker of the Wisconsin State Assembly September 23 2022 705 September 26 2022 sued did not appear 706 Donald Trump former President October 21 2022 3 November 14 2022 demanded criminal referral to DOJ previously sued and said he would not appear 592 Reactions editPrior to committee formation edit According to several reports Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy had warned Republican members that if they allowed Speaker Pelosi to appoint them to the select committee they would be stripped of all their other committee assignments and should not expect to receive any future ones from Pelosi In an interview with Forbes Republican Rep Adam Kinzinger of Illinois said Who gives a shit and added When you ve got people who say crazy stuff and you re not gonna make that threat but you make that threat to truth tellers you ve lost any credibility 707 House Leader McCarthy called the rejection of his initial recommendations unprecedented in a phone call with Pelosi In a press conference he labeled her a lame duck speaker out to destroy the institution The Freedom Caucus pushed for McCarthy to file a motion to vacate the speakership and punish Cheney and Kinzinger for accepting their appointments to the committee 708 709 McCarthy later dubbed them Pelosi Republicans 295 296 Republicans also stated that if they won the House majority in the 2022 midterm elections they would come after Democratic committee assignments targeting Eric Swalwell and Ilhan Omar 709 Steve Scalise stated that Pelosi had removed any credibility from the committee for rejecting their recommended members and opted instead for a political narrative 709 Republicans Scott Perry Chip Roy and Kelly Armstrong expressed their disdain for both Cheney and Kinzinger and questioned their loyalty to the House Republican Conference pushing for them to be stripped of their committee assignments 295 Jim Banks and Mike Rogers stated that the two GOP committee members would be stuck to Pelosi s narrative of events 295 Cheney and Kinzinger both dismissed comments from their colleagues 295 After Speaker Nancy Pelosi rejected two of Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy s picks for the committee and appointed Adam Schiff The Wall Street Journal editorial board criticized her while acknowledging that McCarthy s picks were partisan it claimed that Schiff had lied repeatedly about the evidence concerning the Trump campaign s collusion with Russia The editorial board posited if Mrs Pelosi thinks the evidence for her conclusion is persuasive why would she not want to have it tested against the most aggressive critics 710 On the other hand the San Francisco Chronicle editorial board said Pelosi s chief mistake was not also rejecting Rep Troy Nehls of Texas who like Jordan Banks and a majority of House Republicans voted to overturn the election on the day of the insurrection No serious investigation of the riot can be undertaken by those who shared the goals of the rioters It added that McCarthy and company killed an independent bipartisan commission to investigate the attack even though the Republicans top negotiator agreed to the terms 711 After committee formation edit Some House Republicans including House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy and Representative Jim Jordan said they did not watch the committee s first hearing on July 27 2021 Representative Matthew M Rosendale said he watched Representative Liz Cheney speak and was quite disappointed but did not watch the police officers testimony Republican Conference Chair Elise Stefanik would not say whether she watched 712 In late August 2021 after the committee asked telecommunications and social media companies to retain certain records McCarthy declared that if the companies turn over private information to the House committee then the companies are in violation of federal law and subject to losing their ability to operate in the United States and that a future Republican legislative majority will hold the companies fully accountable 713 In response to McCarthy s comment the watchdog group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington CREW filed a complaint on September 3 with the chief counsel of the Office of Congressional Ethics CREW noted that the subpoena was legally valid and claimed that McCarthy was illegally obstructing the investigation insofar as he was threatening retaliation against the telecommunications companies 714 Eleven House Republicans who were associated with the January 6 Stop the Steal rally sent a September 3 letter to thirteen telecommunications companies stating they do not consent to the release of confidential call records or data and threatened legal action against what they asserted were unconstitutional subpoenas 715 716 717 718 During a September 2 television interview McCarthy was asked about how deeply Trump was involved to which he replied that the FBI and Senate committees had found no involvement 719 He and other Republicans had cited an exclusive Reuters report that unnamed current and former law enforcement officials said the FBI had found scant evidence of an organized plot to overturn the election In a September 4 statement Thompson and Cheney said the committee had queried executive branch agencies and congressional committees investigating the matter and it s been made clear to us that reports of such a conclusion are baseless 720 721 On October 16 The Lincoln Project co founder Rick Wilson criticized the committee s glacial progress stating that I don t believe that they re pursuing this with the degree of vigor that merits the type of targets they re talking about We re dealing with people like Steve Bannon and Roger Stone and Ali Alexander They ve had three months they ve done almost nothing 722 Representative Scott Perry said on December 21 that he would not cooperate with the committee because in his view the committee itself was illegitimate and not duly constituted under the rules of the US House of Representatives 723 Similarly on January 23 2022 Newt Gingrich said on Fox News that he believed the committee was breaking laws but he did not specify which laws 724 On December 23 Laurence Tribe American legal scholar and University Professor Emeritus of Constitutional Law at Harvard University and colleagues published in The New York Times about Attorney General Merrick Garland Only by holding the leaders of the Jan 6 insurrection all of them to account can he secure the future and teach the next generation that no one is above the law If he has not done so already we implore the attorney general to step up to that task 725 In June 2022 Fox News announced that it would not carry live coverage of the hearings relegating it to its sister channel Fox Business and local Fox network affiliates 726 727 728 Fox News instead carried special editions of Tucker Carlson Tonight and Hannity the former notably airing commercial free that largely featured criticism of the hearing 728 729 with Carlson deeming it propaganda and lower thirds describing it as a sham show trial and political theater 730 The Washington Post reported that members of the committee were given increased security due to greater threats made against them 731 On December 21 a Republican led shadow committee consisting of the five House members who Republican Leader Kevin McCarthy initially nominated to the official select committee released its final investigative report which primarily focused on alleged failures of law enforcement agencies and House Democratic leaders in the lead up to the January 6 attack The shadow committee s report accused the U S Capitol Police of mishandling critical intelligence in the lead up to the attack and placed overall blame for security failures on House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and the House Democratic leadership which the report claims were closely involved in security decisions in the lead up to and on January 6 732 733 After the final report edit In December 2022 Donald Trump responded to the committee s final report by calling the members Marxists and sick people 734 On February 22 2023 Timothy Heaphy who had served as the committee s top investigator said he expected indictments both in Georgia and at the federal level 735 On March 8 2023 the Republican controlled House Administration s subcommittee on oversight opened an investigation to review the former House select committee s activities 736 On August 25 Representative Barry Loudermilk who was leading the inquiry requested that the White House provide unredacted transcripts of the committee s interviews with Secret Service agents 737 On March 11 2024 the committee released a report criticizing the former House select committee s activities 738 In August 2023 Trump was charged with election interference both federally and in Georgia Those indictments resemble the information conclusions and recommendations made by the House select committee Former Representative Kinzinger said the DOJ indictment should have come down a year ago Representative Raskin told Axios that while the House select committee had delivered a huge amount of factual information the federal indictment included several quoted statements that were definitely new to me Representative Schiff said that these new pieces of information were principally from witnesses who refused to appear before our committee 109 Polling edit According to a poll conducted in July 2021 by Politico a majority of Americans support the January 6 investigation with 58 overall supporting and 29 opposing 52 of Republicans polled opposed it 739 When Politico repeated the poll in December 2021 again three fifths supported the committee including 82 of Democrats 58 of independents and 40 of Republicans 740 In an August 2021 Harvard CAPS Harris Poll 58 of American voters said they thought the committee was biased while 42 thought it was fair 741 In September 2021 a Pew Research poll found that only 11 of American adults said they were very confident the committee would be fair and reasonable while another 34 were somewhat confident while a 54 majority said they were not too confident 32 or not at all confident 22 Confidence was highly partisan Nearly two thirds of Democrats and less than a quarter of Republicans said they were at least somewhat confident 742 Just greater than half of Americans polled believe that Trump should face criminal charges for his role in the attack A Washington Post ABC News poll taken a week after the attack found 54 giving this response and over a year later it had not changed substantially as 52 gave the same response to the same organization s poll conducted April 24 28 2022 The division is partisan five out of six Democrats support charging Trump while five out of six Republicans oppose doing so 743 NBC News found that the percentage of Americans who believe that Trump was solely or mainly responsible for the January 6 attack dropped from 52 in January 2021 to 45 in May 2022 A decrease was found within all subgroups Democrats Republicans and independents 744 Opinions changed after the committee began public hearings An Ipsos poll conducted June 17 18 2022 found that 58 of Americans believe Trump is significantly responsible for the attack on the Capitol 745 An Associated Press NORC Center for Public Affairs Research poll conducted June 23 27 2022 found that 48 of Americans believe Trump should be charged with a crime 746 The same Ipsos poll on June 17 18 2022 also found that 60 of Americans believe the committee s investigation is fair and impartial 745 Similarly an Economist YouGov poll conducted June 18 21 2022 found that 78 of Democrats but only 15 of Republicans and 37 of independents believe the committee s investigation is legitimate 78 of Democrats but only 22 of Republicans and 41 of independents said they strongly or somewhat approved of the committee s work 747 Notes edit The new Congress convened on January 3 new representatives were sworn in four days later Liz Cheney and Adam Kinzinger had also both voted in January 2021 to impeach Trump for incitement of insurrection The rioter who pinned him with a riot shield pled not guilty and was convicted a year later Ridgefield Man Found Guilty on Multiple Charges in Connection to Jan 6 Riot NBC Connecticut September 13 2022 Accessed December 19 2022 The Guardian had reported the call on November 30 References edit Committees U S House of Representatives Archived from the original on July 13 2021 Jason Miller suggests Jan 6 committee should have included what he said next on 2020 election analysis CBS News June 10 2022 Retrieved November 12 2022 Herb Jeremy Cohen Marshall Cohen Zachary Rogers Alex June 10 2022 Takeaways from the prime time January 6 committee hearing CNN Retrieved November 12 2022 Date S V June 13 2022 Trump Knew His Election Fraud Claims Were A Big Lie Trump s Own Aides Said HuffPost Retrieved June 13 2022 Broadwater Luke Haberman Maggie June 12 2022 Trump s inner circle pushed back as he claimed the election was stolen Here are the latest developments The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on June 13 2022 Retrieved June 13 2022 Papenfuss Mary December 23 2022 Trump Admitted It Was Embarrassing He Lost According To Cassidy Hutchinson Transcript HuffPost Retrieved December 23 2022 a b c d e f g Letter from Bennie G Thompson Chairman and Liz Cheney Vice Chair to President Donald J Trump October 21 2022 a b Thompson Bennie Cheney Liz November 14 2022 Thompson amp Cheney Statement on Donald Trump s Defiance of Select Committee Subpoena Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol january6th house gov Archived from the original on November 15 2022 Retrieved November 15 2022 a b Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief Trump v Select Committee et al S D Fla November 11 2022 No 9 22 cv 81758 a b Mangan Dan Wilkie Christina December 19 2022 Jan 6 committee sends DOJ historic criminal referral of Trump over Capitol riot CNBC Retrieved December 19 2022 Broadwater Luke December 19 2022 Accusing Trump of insurrection the Jan 6 committee refers him to the Justice Dept The New York Times Retrieved December 19 2022 Watson Kathryn December 19 2022 Who is John Eastman and why is he being referred for charges by the Jan 6 committee CBS News Retrieved December 20 2022 Blake Aaron January 24 2022 Some Trump allies are cooperating with the Jan 6 committee Here s what we know The Washington Post Retrieved January 25 2022 a b Polantz Katelyn Swire Sonnet November 5 2022 Steve Bannon appeals contempt of Congress conviction CNN Politics Retrieved November 14 2022 a b Faulders Katherine Romero Laura January 25 2024 Ex Trump aide Peter Navarro sentenced to 4 months for defying Jan 6 committee subpoena ABC News Retrieved January 25 2024 a b Sneed Tierney Polantz Katelyn March 19 2024 Ex Trump aide Peter Navarro begins serving prison sentence after historic contempt prosecution CNN Retrieved March 19 2024 Alemany Jacqueline Sonmez Felicia Zapotosky Matt Dawsey Josh April 6 2022 House votes to hold ex Trump aides Navarro Scavino in contempt of Congress The Washington Post Retrieved April 6 2022 a b c d Perez Evan Reid Paula Sneed Tierney Cohen Zachary June 3 2022 Grand jury indicts former Trump adviser Peter Navarro for contempt of Congress CNN Retrieved June 3 2022 a b c Sangal Aditi Chowdhury Maureen Hammond Elise Macaya Melissa Wagner Meg December 19 2022 4 GOP lawmakers are being referred to House Ethics panel for not complying with committee subpoenas CNN Retrieved December 19 2022 a b c d Thrush Glenn Broadwater Luke May 17 2022 Justice Dept Is Said to Request Transcripts From Jan 6 Committee The New York Times a b Final Report of the Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol December 00 2022 117th Congress Second Session House Report 117 000 PDF United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack December 22 2022 Archived PDF from the original on December 23 2022 Retrieved December 22 2022 Broadwater Luke December 22 2022 Jan 6 Panel Issues Final Report on Effort to Overturn 2020 Election Our democratic institutions are only as strong as the commitment of those who are entrusted with their care Speaker Nancy Pelosi wrote in a forward to the report The New York Times Archived from the original on December 23 2022 Retrieved December 22 2022 a b Sangal Aditi Hammond Elise Chowdhury Maureen Vogt Adrienne December 21 2022 House Jan 6 committee report delayed and anticipated to be released Thursday CNN Retrieved December 21 2022 a b Introductory Material to the Final Report of the Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol PDF United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack December 19 2022 Archived PDF from the original on December 23 2022 Retrieved December 23 2022 a b c Sangal Aditi Hammond Elise Chowdhury Maureen Vogt Adrienne December 21 2022 House Jan 6 committee releases 30 plus interview transcripts CNN Retrieved December 21 2022 118th Congress Begins www house gov January 7 2023 Retrieved January 10 2023 a b Resolution Establishing the Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol Roll Vote No 197 Congressional Record 167 114 June 30 2021 p H3335 Rudwitch John Sprunt Barbara February 6 2021 Wyoming GOP Censures Liz Cheney For Voting To Impeach Trump NPR Retrieved June 16 2022 Naylor Brian October 29 2021 GOP Rep Adam Kinzinger who voted to impeach Trump won t run for reelection NPR Retrieved June 16 2022 a b Orr Gabby February 4 2022 RNC approves censure of Cheney Kinzinger for involvement in January 6 committee CNN Retrieved February 4 2022 a b Zanona Melanie Wu Nicholas Beavers Olivia April 19 2021 GOP defections over Jan 6 commission deliver rebuke to McCarthy Politico Lowell Hugo May 29 2021 How Mitch McConnell killed the US Capitol attack commission The Guardian Swanson Ian May 26 2021 GOP gambles with Pelosi in opposing Jan 6 commission The Hill Pelosi Nancy June 28 2021 Pelosi Statement on the Introduction of H Res 503 Establishing the Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol Office of the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Archived from the original on November 5 2021 Retrieved June 28 2021 Smith Allan June 24 2021 Pelosi announces select committee to investigate Jan 6 Capitol riot NBC News Herb Jeremy Foran Clare Nobles Ryan Diaz Daniella June 24 2021 Pelosi announces the House will establish a select committee to investigate Capitol riot CNN a b Resolution Establishing the Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol H Res 503 Congressional Record 167 114 June 30 2021 pp H3323 H3324 Segers Grace June 30 2021 House votes to create select committee to investigate January 6 attack CBS News Herb Jeremy Raju Manu Nobles Ryan Grayer Annie June 30 2021 House votes to create select committee to investigate January 6 insurrection CNN Segers Grace July 1 2021 Pelosi names members of January 6 select committee including Liz Cheney CBS News Freking Kevin July 2 2021 A look at 8 lawmakers appointed to probe Jan 6 attack AP News Beavers Olivia Caygle Heather July 19 2021 McCarthy makes his 5 GOP picks for Jan 6 select committee Politico Grayer Annie Zanona Melanie July 20 2021 Jim Jordan among 5 House Republicans selected by McCarthy for January 6 select committee CNN Lowell Hugo July 21 2021 Capitol attack committee chair vows to investigate Trump Nothing is off limits The Guardian Pelosi Nancy July 21 2021 Pelosi Statement on Republican Recommendations to Serve on the Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the U S Capitol Office of the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Archived from the original on November 3 2021 Retrieved July 21 2021 Grayer Annie Herb Jeremy July 21 2021 McCarthy pulls his 5 GOP members from 1 6 committee after Pelosi rejects 2 of his picks CNN Lowell Hugo July 21 2021 McCarthy pulls five Republicans from Capitol attack panel after Pelosi rejects two The Guardian Cillizza Chris February 1 2022 The massive miscalculation Republicans made on the 1 6 committee CNN Politics Retrieved January 20 2023 Jones Ja han January 11 2023 Kevin McCarthy made a major mistake in 2021 House Dems won t repeat it MSNBC com Retrieved January 20 2023 Broadwater Luke June 23 2022 A Year Later Some Republicans Second Guess Boycotting the Jan 6 Panel The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 20 2023 Guilford Gwynn July 25 2021 Rep Adam Kinzinger Named to Jan 6 Committee The Wall Street Journal a b Pelosi Nancy July 21 2021 Pelosi Announces Appointment of Congressman Adam Kinzinger to Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the U S Capitol Office of the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Archived from the original on October 20 2021 Retrieved July 25 2021 a b Zanona Melanie Raju Manu July 22 2021 Pelosi looks to bolster bipartisan standing of 1 6 panel with potential addition of GOP Rep Adam Kinzinger CNN Amy B Wang August 7 2021 Jan 6 committee hires former GOP congressman Denver Riggleman as senior staff member The Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Visser Nick February 4 2022 RNC Poised To Censure Cheney Kinzinger And Pull Any And All Support Over Jan 6 Panel HuffPost Naylor Brian October 29 2021 GOP Rep Adam Kinzinger who voted to impeach Trump won t run for reelection NPR Vakil Caroline August 17 2022 Cheney strikes defiant tone in concession speech Now the real work begins The Hill Thompson Bennie July 1 2021 Thompson Statement on Being Named Chair of Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol Archived from the original on September 29 2022 Retrieved September 27 2022 Lofgren Zoe July 1 2021 Lofgren Statement on Appointment to Select Committee to Investigate the January 6 Attack on the U S Capitol Archived from the original on October 2 2022 Retrieved September 28 2022 Schiff Adam July 1 2021 Schiff Statement on the Select Committee to Investigate January 6 Attack on the U S Capitol Aguilar Pete July 1 2021 Aguilar Statement on Appointment to Serve on Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol Murphy Stephanie July 1 2021 Murphy Statement on Appointment to the House Select Committee to Investigate the January 6 Attack on the United States Capitol Archived from the original on September 28 2022 Retrieved September 28 2022 Raskin Jamie July 1 2021 Rep Raskin s Statement on Appointment to Bipartisan 1 6 Select Committee Luria Elaine July 1 2021 Rep Luria appointed to select committee to investigate Jan 6 insurrection Archived from the original on October 2 2022 Retrieved September 28 2022 Thompson Bennie September 2 2021 Chairman Thompson Announces Representative Cheney as Select Committee Vice Chair Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol Thompson Bennie July 22 2021 Thompson Announces Senior Staff for Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the U S Capitol Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol Thompson Bennie August 6 2021 Thompson Announces Additional Select Committee Senior Staff Members Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol Wang Amy B August 7 2021 Jan 6 committee hires former GOP congressman Denver Riggleman as senior staff member The Washington Post Washington D C ISSN 0190 8286 OCLC 1330888409 a b Papenfuss Mary September 23 2022 White House Patched Through Call To Jan 6 Rioter During Violence Tech Expert Says HuffPost Retrieved September 24 2022 Thompson Bennie August 12 2021 Thompson Announces Chief Investigative Counsel for Select Committee Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol Cain Andrew August 12 2021 Heaphy to serve as chief investigative counsel for committee probing Jan 6 attack on U S Capitol Richmond Times Dispatch Archived from the original on August 13 2021 Solender Andrew November 17 2022 The Jan 6 committee has a clean up crew Axios Warburton Moira November 17 2022 House probe of Jan 6 U S Capitol riot releasing report next month Reuters Broadwater Luke January 3 2022 The Jan 6 Committee s Consideration of a Criminal Referral Explained The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 a b Alemany Jacqueline Dawsey Josh May 17 2022 Inside the Jan 6 committee key questions remain as hearings loom Alemany Jacqueline June 2 2022 The latest House committee investigating Jan 6 attack announces first public hearing The Washington Post Wire Sarah D October 15 2022 Will Trump comply with Jan 6 committee subpoena What s next after Thursday s hearing Los Angeles Times Goodman Ryan Hendrix Justin June 2 2022 Primer on the Hearings of the January 6th Select Committee Just Security Broadwater Luke Feuer Alan January 4 2022 In the Capitol s Shadow the Jan 6 Panel Quietly Ramps Up Its Inquiry The New York Times Lowell Hugo April 8 2022 Capitol attack investigators zero in on far right Oath Keepers and Proud Boys The Guardian a b Polantz Katelyn Mallonee Mary Kay December 25 2021 January 6 committee ramps up efforts to uncover funding behind Capitol riot CNN Zakrzewski Cat Lima Cristiano Harwell Drew January 17 2023 What the Jan 6 probe found out about social media but didn t report The Washington Post Retrieved January 17 2023 Dahl Erik September 26 2022 Lessons Learned from the January 6th Intelligence Failures Just Security Wild Whitney Grayer Annie Zanona Melanie March 23 2022 January 6 committee probes security failures as GOP counter investigation looms CNN Parks Miles December 23 2022 Congress passes election reform designed to ward off another Jan 6 NPR Retrieved January 17 2023 Sargent Greg December 20 2022 The GOP is quietly Trump proofing our system behind his back The Washington Post Herb Jeremy Brown Pamela October 30 2021 House select committee targets 134 year old law in effort to prevent another January 6 CNN Leonnig Carol Barrett Devlin Dawsey Josh Hsu Spencer July 26 2022 Justice Dept investigating Trump s actions in Jan 6 criminal probe The Washington Post Broadwater Luke Feuer Alan Haberman Maggie March 28 2022 Federal Judge Finds Trump Most Likely Committed Crimes Over 2020 Election The New York Times Appointment of a Special Counsel Office of the Attorney General November 18 2022 Smith Jack November 18 2022 Statement of Special Counsel Jack Smith Office of the Attorney General a b Lavender Paige July 12 2022 Trump Tried To Contact A Jan 6 Committee Witness Liz Cheney Says HuffPost Cohen Zachary Perez Evan Murray Sara Grayer Annie December 21 2022 House January 6 committee handing over investigative materials to DOJ CNN Retrieved February 1 2024 United States Consent to Continue Trial United States v Nordean D D C June 16 2022 No 21 cr 175 Grayer Annie July 12 2022 Jan 6 committee chairman says panel has started producing information for DOJ CNN a b c 12 19 22 Business Meeting YouTube retrieved December 19 2022 a b Hamburger Tom Alemany Jacqueline Dawsey Josh Zapotosky Matt December 23 2021 Thompson says Jan 6 committee focused on Trump s hours of silence during attack weighing criminal referrals The Washington Post Garcia Katherine December 20 2021 Report Jan 6 committee considering possibility of criminal referrals The Week Feuer Alan Benner Katie Haberman Maggie March 30 2022 Justice Dept Widens Jan 6 Inquiry to Range of Pro Trump Figures The New York Times Schmidt Michael S Broadwater Luke Berzon Alexandra December 6 2022 House Jan 6 Committee Signals It Will Issue Criminal Referrals The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Vlachou Marita December 12 2022 Adam Schiff Says Jan 6 Panel Has Evidence Of Criminality As It Weighs DOJ Referrals HuffPost Diaz Daniella Cole Devan September 25 2022 Schiff says any criminal referral for Trump by the January 6 committee should be decided unanimously CNN Cheney Kyle Wu Nicholas December 13 2022 Breaking down the Jan 6 committee s possible referrals criminal and beyond Politico a b c d Boboitz Sara December 9 2021 Mark Meadows Did Not Properly Turn Over Documents To National Archives HuffPost Retrieved December 10 2021 a b Chowdhury Maureen Vogt Adrienne Macaya Melissa Hayes Mike Wagner Meg December 14 2021 House votes to hold Mark Meadows in contempt of Congress CNN Statement of Interest of the United States Meadows v Pelosi et al D D C July 15 2022 No 21 cv 3217 Minute Order Meadows v Pelosi et al June 23 2022 No 21 cv 3217 Gerstein Josh Cheney Kyle July 15 2022 Justice Dept backs House over Jan 6 subpoena to Meadows Politico Vlamis Kelsey July 15 2022 DOJ Supports January 6 Committee Subpoena of Mark Meadows Business Insider a b Visser Nick November 1 2022 Judge Tosses Mark Meadows Lawsuit Against Jan 6 Subpoenas HuffPost Retrieved November 1 2022 Gerstein Josh Cheney Kyle Wu Nicholas June 3 2022 DOJ declines to charge Meadows Scavino with contempt of Congress for defying Jan 6 committee Politico Brown Pamela Perez Evan Herb Jeremy Holmes Kristen September 15 2022 Exclusive Mark Meadows complied with DOJ subpoena in January 6 probe CNN a b Solender Andrew August 17 2023 Jan 6 committee finds second life in Trump criminal cases Axios Retrieved August 18 2023 a b Sullivan Kate Herb Jeremy Rabinowitz Hannah Cohen Marshall Sands Geneva Stracqualursi Veronica December 27 2022 Former Trump White House aide told Jan 6 panel Mark Meadows burned documents a dozen times during the transition period CNN Politics CNN Retrieved December 28 2022 a b c Gangel Jamie Cohen Zachary December 9 2021 January 6 committee gets Meadows texts emails with wide range of people while attack was underway CNN a b Tapper Jake Gangel Jamie December 17 2021 CNN Exclusive Jan 6 investigators believe Nov 4 text pushing strategy to undermine election came from Rick Perry CNN Retrieved December 20 2021 Gangel Jamie Herb Jeremy Stuart Elizabeth April 25 2022 CNN Exclusive Mark Meadows 2 319 text messages reveal Trump s inner circle communications before and after January 6 CNN Nobles Ryan Grayer Annie Reid Paula Grimaldi Angelica Rogers Alex January 4 2022 January 6 committee seeks cooperation from Fox News Hannity and releases texts between host and White House CNN Gangel Jamie Herb Jeremy Stuart Elizabeth Stelter Brian April 29 2022 CNN Exclusive New text messages reveal Fox s Hannity advising Trump White House and seeking direction CNN McCarthy Bill June 20 2022 Fox News carried the third Jan 6 committee hearing as testimony featured its hosts and guests Poynter a b Cohen Zachary Nobles Ryan December 13 2021 The Jan 6 panel unveiled texts Trump s chief of staff got as the riot unfolded Here s what we learned CNN a b Lowell Hugo December 13 2021 Capitol attack panel recommends criminal prosecution for Mark Meadows The Guardian a b Cheney Kyle Wu Nicholas December 15 2021 Jim Jordan sent one of the texts to Mark Meadows highlighted this week by the Jan 6 panel Politico a b Chowdhury Maureen Macaya Melissa December 13 2021 Live updates House committee hearing on Mark Meadows CNN Retrieved December 20 2021 Broadwater Luke Feuer Alan April 23 2022 Filing Provides New Details on Trump White House Planning for Jan 6 The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Woodward Bob Costa Robert March 24 2022 Virginia Thomas urged White House chief to pursue unrelenting efforts to overturn the 2020 election texts show The Washington Post Nobles Ryan Grayer Annie Cohen Zachary Gangel Jamie March 25 2022 January 6 committee has text messages between Ginni Thomas and Mark Meadows CNN Brown Emma June 10 2022 Ginni Thomas pressed 29 Ariz lawmakers to help overturn Trump s defeat emails show The Washington Post Bauer Scott September 1 2022 Ginni Thomas Worked Harder To Overturn The Election Than Previously Known HuffPost Swanson Ian December 15 2021 The Memo Stunning texts offer new window into Jan 6 The Hill Windolf Jim Koblin John December 15 2021 Fox News Hosts Take the Offensive About Texts to Meadows The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Gangel Jamie Herb Jeremy Stuart Elizabeth June 2 2022 CNN Exclusive Republicans who texted Meadows with urgent pleas on January 6 say Trump could have stopped the violence CNN a b Brown Emma Swaine Jon Alemany Jacqueline Dawsey Josh Hamburger Tom December 11 2021 Election denier who circulated Jan 6 PowerPoint says he met with Meadows at White House The Washington Post Broadwater Luke Feuer Alan December 10 2021 Jan 6 Committee Examines PowerPoint Document Sent to Meadows The New York Times a b Feuer Alan December 21 2021 A Retired Colonel s Unlikely Role in Pushing Baseless Election Claims The New York Times a b c Lowell Hugo December 10 2021 Capitol attack panel obtains PowerPoint that set out plan for Trump to stage coup The Guardian a b c Broadwater Luke Feuer Alan December 10 2021 Jan 6 Committee Examines PowerPoint Document Sent to Meadows The New York Times a b Brown Emma Swaine Jon Alemany Jacqueline Dawsey Josh Hamburger Tom December 11 2021 Election denier who circulated Jan 6 PowerPoint says he met with Meadows at White House The Washington Post a b Duda Jeremy February 3 2021 Fann picks Trump allied firm with history of false election statements to audit Maricopa election Arizona Mirror Roston Ram Heath Brad Shiffman John Eisler Peter December 15 2021 The military intelligence veterans who helped lead Trump s campaign of disinformation Reuters Swan Betsy Woodruff January 24 2022 Kerik told Jan 6 panel that former Army colonel came up with idea to seize voting machines Politico Swan Betsy Woodruff January 21 2022 Read the never issued Trump order that would have seized voting machines Politico Swan Betsy Woodruff February 9 2022 Read the emails showing Trump allies connections to voting machine seizure push Politico Suebsaeng Asawin Tani Maxwell Stein Sam November 23 2020 An OAN Host Has Been Helping Rudy With Trump s Legal Efforts The Daily Beast Morris Jason August 28 2023 Meadows testifies about post January 6 phone calls CNN Retrieved August 28 2023 Mazza Ed August 22 2023 Sung Like A Canary Ex GOP Lawmaker Names Trump Insider Who Flipped HuffPost Retrieved August 23 2023 Meadows has been largely silent in public for months was barely mentioned in the Jan 6 indictment against Trump and has reportedly delivered damaging information when questioned That s led many to speculate that he s flipped But Meadows was also among the 19 people indicted in the Georgia election interference case which some believe is an indication to the contrary Lowell Hugo November 28 2023 Georgia prosecutors oppose plea deals for Trump Meadows and Giuliani The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved December 14 2023 Bailey Holly September 14 2023 In Georgia judge considers splitting up Trump case amid litany of motions The Washington Post Retrieved September 14 2023 Rankin Bill Hallerman Tamar December 15 2023 Judges express skepticism of Meadows removal in Trump case The Atlanta Journal Constitution ISSN 1539 7459 Retrieved December 15 2023 Pagliery Jose January 3 2022 Ex National Archivist Thinks Trump Is Hiding His Records to Avoid Prison Time There are things in those records that are going to make real trouble The Daily Beast Retrieved January 3 2022 a b Gonzalez Oriana January 21 2022 National Archives releases Trump White House records to Jan 6 panel Axios Retrieved January 22 2022 a b Cooper Anderson January 21 2022 George Conway on draft executive order Absolute banana republic stuff CNN Video retrieved January 22 2022 Nobles Ryan Cohen Zachary Grayer Annie February 1 2022 Some Trump White House records handed over to January 6 committee had been ripped up CNN Retrieved February 1 2022 span, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
