White House Presidential Personnel Office

The White House Presidential Personnel Office (PPO), sometimes written as Office of Presidential Personnel, is the part of the White House Office tasked with vetting new appointees.^[1][2] Its offices are on the first floor of the Eisenhower Executive Office Building in Washington, D.C.^[2] The PPO is one of the offices most responsible for assessing candidates to work at or for the White House.^[3]

White House Office of Presidential Personnel

Agency overview
Headquarters	Eisenhower Executive Office Building Washington, D.C., U.S. 38°53′51.24″N 77°2′20.93″W / 38.8975667°N 77.0391472°W / 38.8975667; -77.0391472
Agency executives	Gautam Raghavan, Director Stacey Eichner, Deputy Director
Parent department	White House Office

The Office is responsible for approximately 4,000 political appointment positions, of which 1,600 require Senate confirmation.^[4] The White House Presidential Office recruits candidates to serve in departments and agencies throughout the Executive Branch. It presents candidates for presidential appointments with Senate confirmation (PAS) to the Senate after they have been approved by the President of the United States.^[5] The mission of the office is to provide the president with the best applicants possible for presidency-appointed positions. Lastly, it also provides policy guidance for federal department and agency heads on conduct for political activities.^[6]

In 2018, the PPO was made up of about 30 members, about one-third of its usual staff. The professionalism of the PPO under President Trump was challenged, with The Washington Post reporting that the office was staffed with largely-inexperienced personnel.^[2][7] As of July 2021, the PPO under President Biden has returned to its usual staffing numbers, with about 80 people in the office.^[8]

Responsibilities

The responsibilities of the Presidential Personnel Office include:

• handling and processing recommendations from political figures.^[6]
• keeping a talent bank of qualified, cleared candidates on hand.^[6]
• search for job candidates:
  • executive search.^[6]
  • screening interviews.^[6]
  • candidate evaluation.^[6]
  • security clearance.^[6]
  • conflict of interest clearance.^[6]
  • forwarding recommendations to the president.^[6]

History

The White House Personnel Office (WHPO) was created by Frederick V. Malek in 1971 to standardize the White House's hiring process.^[9][10] In 1974, President Gerald Ford renamed the WHPO to the Presidential Personnel Office (PPO) and restructured it to focus more on presidential appointments, relying more on department heads to secure non-presidential appointments in their departments.^[9][6]

On January 4, 2017, President Donald Trump named Johnny DeStefano Director of PPO in the incoming Trump administration.^[11] On January 30, 2017, DeStefano wrote a letter to Acting Attorney General Sally Yates informing her of her dismissal.^[12] DeStefano left the position on May 24, 2019.^[13]

In January 2020, Trump appointed John McEntee Director of PPO,^[14] reporting directly to Trump, who tasked him with identifying and removing political appointees and career officials deemed insufficiently loyal to the Trump administration.^{[15][16][17][18][19]} On October 21, 2020, two weerks before the 2020 elections, President Trump signed an executive order creating a new Schedule F category within the excepted service for employees “in confidential, policy-determining, policy-making and policy-advocating positions”. He also instructed agencies to identify and transfer competitive service employees that meet that description into the new job classification, an initiative that could strip hundreds of thousands of federal workers of their civil service protections and effectively make them at-will employees. Reviews by agencies are due at the PPO by January 19, 2021, a day before the end of the Trump presidency.^[20]

Leadership

• James F. Gammill, Jr. (???–1978)^[21]
• Arnold J. Miller (1978–???)^[21]
• E. Pendleton James (1981–1982, as Office of Presidential Personnel)^[22]
• Robert H. Tuttle (1985–1989)^[23]
• Chase Untermeyer (1989–1991)^[24]
• Constance Horner (1991–1993)^[24]
• Bruce Lindsey (1993–???)^[25][26]
• Clay Johnson III (2001–2003)
• Dina Powell (2003–2005)
• Liza Wright (2005–2007)
• Joie Gregor (2007–2008)
• Donald Gips (January 2009 – October 2009)
• Nancy Hogan (October 2009 – July 2013)^[27][28]
• Jonathan Mcbride (July 2013 – February 2015)
• Valerie E. Green (February 2015 – March 2016)
• Johnny DeStefano (2017 – February 9, 2018)^[2][29]
• Sean E. Doocey (February 9, 2018 – April 2020)^[30]
• John McEntee (January 8, 2020 – January 20, 2021)
• Catherine M. Russell (January 20, 2021 – January 31, 2022)
• Gautam Raghavan (January 31, 2022 – present)

References

1. "White House Offices". National Archives and Records Administration. from the original on January 6, 2010. Retrieved July 30, 2018. The Presidential Personnel Office recruits, screens, and recommends qualified candidates for Presidential appointments to Federal departments and agencies.
2. O'Harrow Jr., Robert; Boburg, Shawn (March 30, 2018). "Behind the chaos: Office that vets Trump appointees plagued by inexperience". The Washington Post. from the original on July 30, 2018. Retrieved July 30, 2018.
3. Shirley Anne Warshaw. Powersharing: White House-Cabinet Relations in the Modern Presidency. SUNY Press. p. 160. ISBN 978-1-4384-2331-9. from the original on 2021-10-27. Retrieved 2018-07-30.
4. Bowden, John (2018-03-30). "Office that vets Trump appointees faces staff shortage, inexperience: report". The Hill. from the original on 2018-12-04. Retrieved 2018-12-04.
5. "Presidential Departments | The White House". The White House. from the original on 2020-11-24. Retrieved 2018-12-04.
6. "PRESIDENTIAL PERSONNEL OFFICE FILES, (1953–73) 1974–77". Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. from the original on February 16, 2017. Retrieved July 30, 2018.
7. Bowden, John (March 30, 2018). "Office that vets Trump appointees faces staff shortage, inexperience: report". The Hill. from the original on March 30, 2018. Retrieved July 30, 2018.
8. "Joe Biden's head of personnel is eyeing the exits". Politico. 2021-07-26. from the original on 2021-07-26. Retrieved 2021-07-27.
9. Michael Nelson (1 May 2015). Guide to the Presidency. Routledge. p. 492. ISBN 978-1-135-91462-2. from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
10. Naughton, James M. (July 12, 1971). "Nixon's Talent Hunter Also Wields Executive Hatchet". The New York Times. from the original on July 30, 2018. Retrieved July 30, 2018.
11. Nussbaum, Matthew. "Trump announces 11 more White House hires". Politico. from the original on 2019-10-11. Retrieved 2019-10-11.
12. Shear, Michael D.; Landler, Mark; Apuzzo, Matt; Lichtblau, Eric (30 January 2017). "Trump Fires Acting Attorney General Who Defied Him". The New York Times. from the original on 3 August 2018. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
13. Dawsey, Josh; Sonmez, Felicia (May 21, 2019). "Long-serving Trump aide DeStefano to depart White House". The Washington Post. from the original on June 13, 2019. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
14. Tenpas, Kathryn Dunn (2020-10-07). "Tracking turnover in the Trump administration". Brookings Institution. from the original on 2018-06-15. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
15. Haberman, Maggie (2019-12-14). "Ex-Trump Aide Is Expected to Return to White House". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on 2020-10-09. Retrieved 2020-10-08.
16. Shear, Michael D.; Haberman, Maggie (February 13, 2020). "Trump Places Loyalists in Key Jobs Inside the White House While Raging Against Enemies Outside". The New York Times. from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved February 13, 2020.
17. Olorunnipa, Toluse; Parker, Ashley; Dawsey, Josh (2020-02-22). "Trump embarks on expansive search for disloyalty as administration-wide purge escalates". The Washington Post. from the original on 2020-02-23. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
18. Diamond, Jeremy; Acosta, Jim; Collins, Kaitlan; Holmes, Kristen (2020-02-21). "President's new personnel head tells agencies to look out for disloyal staffers". CNN. from the original on 2020-02-23. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
19. "In Trump's final days, a 30-year-old aide purges officials seen as insufficiently loyal - The Washington Post". The Washington Post. from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-25.
20. "'Stunning' Executive Order Would Politicize Civil Service". Government Executive. from the original on 2020-11-25. Retrieved 2020-11-27.
21. Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Jimmy Carter, 1978, Book 2: June 30 to December 31, 1978. Government Printing Office. p. 1787. ISBN 978-0-16-058934-8. from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved July 30, 2018.
22. "JAMES, E. PENDLETON: Files, 1981–1982 – REAGAN LIBRARY COLLECTIONS" (PDF). Ronald Reagan Presidential Library. October 5, 2016. p. 1. (PDF) from the original on July 30, 2018. Retrieved July 30, 2018. When Reagan assumed the Presidency in January 1981, James became head of the Office of Presidential Personnel.
23. "Robert Tuttle". www.reaganfoundation.org. from the original on 2021-08-19. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
24. "GEORGE H.W. BUSH PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY GUIDE TO HOLDINGS" (PDF). George Bush Presidential Library. March 8, 2011. p. 86. (PDF) from the original on September 17, 2017. Retrieved July 30, 2018. Charles G. Untermeyer, Assistant to the President and Director 1/21/89–8/24/91 [...] Constance Horner, Assistant to the President and Director 1991–1993
25. Shirley Anne Warshaw (14 May 2014). The Clinton Years. Infobase Publishing. p. 204. ISBN 978-0-8160-7459-4. from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
26. "Board of Directors". Clinton Foundation. from the original on May 4, 2019. Retrieved July 30, 2018. In 1993, Bruce was also director of the Office of Presidential Personnel where he supervised the selection and approval of political appointees in the Cabinet departments and to Presidential boards and commissions.
27. Epstein, Jennifer (June 25, 2013). "Personnel chief Nancy Hogan to leave the White House". Politico. from the original on July 30, 2018. Retrieved July 30, 2018. Hogan briefly served as chief of staff for White House personnel in early 2009, before taking the lead in the office in July 2009.
28. Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T., eds. (July 8, 2013). "Press Release – White House Announces Nancy Hogan to Step Down; Jonathan McBride to Serve as Assistant to the President & Director of Presidential Personnel". University of California, Santa Barbara. from the original on July 30, 2018. Retrieved July 30, 2018. Nancy Hogan was appointed Director of the Presidential Personnel office in August, 2009.
29. "Tracking turnover in the Trump administration". from the original on 2018-06-15. Retrieved 2020-11-25.
30. "Sean e. Doocey - Permanent Representative | U.S. Mission to the International Civil Aviation Organization". from the original on 2020-11-25. Retrieved 2020-11-27.