Janata Dal (United)
Janata Dal (United) (lit. 'People's Party (United)'), abbreviated as JD(U), is an Indian political party with political presence mainly in eastern and north-eastern India.[2] JD(U) is recognised as a state party in the states of Bihar, Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur. JD(U) heads the government in Bihar under Chief Minister Nitish Kumar and is also a member of the ruling government in Manipur.[3][4][5] JD(U) won 16 seats in the 2019 Indian general election, making it the seventh largest party in the Lok Sabha.
Janata Dal (United) | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | JD(U) |
| Leader | Nitish Kumar |
| President | Nitish Kumar |
| Chairperson | Nitish Kumar |
| Parliamentary Chairperson | vacant |
| Lok Sabha Leader | Lalan Singh |
| Rajya Sabha Leader | Ram Nath Thakur |
| Founder | |
| Founded | 30 October 2003 |
| Merger of |
|
| Split from | Janata Dal |
| Headquarters | 7, Jantar Mantar Road, New Delhi, India-110001 |
| Newspaper | JD(U) Sandesh |
| Student wing | Chhatra JDU |
| Youth wing | Yuva JDU |
| Women's wing | Mahila JDU |
| Ideology | Socialism (Indian) |
| Political position | Centre-left[1] |
| ECI Status | Bihar, Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur (State Party) |
| Alliance | NDA (2003–2013, 2017–2022, 2024–present) I.N.D.I.A (2023–2024) MGB (2015–2017, 2022–2024) UPA (2015–2017, 2022–2023) |
| Seats in Lok Sabha | 16 / 543 |
| Seats in Rajya Sabha | 5 / 245 |
| Seats in State Legislative Assemblies | List 45 / 243 (Bihar Legislative Assembly) 24 / 75 (Bihar Legislative Council) 1 / 60 (Manipur Legislative Assembly) |
| Number of states and union territories in government | 2 / 31 |
| Election symbol | |
| Party flag | |
| Website | |
| jdu.org.in | |
The Janata Dal (United) was formed with the merger of the Sharad Yadav faction of the Janata Dal, the Lok Shakti Party and the Samata Party on 30 October 2003. But the Election Commission of India refused the merger of the Samata Party, then Brahmanand Mandal became the president, but he was suffering from Alzheimer's disease and not physically well, so Uday Mandal became president[6] and he has taken charge of the Samata Party.[7][8] Janata Dal (United)'s party mentor and patron is the veteran socialist leader George Fernandes.[9] JD(U) is currently a part of the National Democratic Alliance.
History edit
Formation edit
The Janata Dal (United)'s origins go back to before the 1999 General Election. A faction led by then Chief Minister of Karnataka J. H. Patel had lent support to the National Democratic Alliance, leading to the split in the Janata Dal leading to the formation of Janata Dal (Secular) under H. D. Deve Gowda, who wanted to remain equidistant from both national parties; and Janata Dal under Sharad Yadav was called Janata Dal (United).[10]
The Janata Dal (United) was formed with the merger of the Sharad Yadav faction of the Janata Dal, the Lok Shakti and the Samata Party.[11] On 30 October 2003, the Samata Party led by George Fernandes and Nitish Kumar merged with the Janata Dal. The merged entity was called Janata Dal (United) with the arrow symbol of Janata Dal (United) and the green and white flag of the Samata Party.[9] The uniting force is believed to be common opposition to Rashtriya Janata Dal in Bihar especially after the Rashtriya Janata Dal welcomed Samata Party rebels like Raghunath Jha into the party.
In NDA edit
JD(U) joined NDA and along with its alliance partner, the BJP defeated the RJD-led UPA government in Bihar in November 2005. New government was headed by JD(U) leader, Nitish Kumar and NDA continued to govern state. The alliance contested 2009 Indian general election and won 32 seats. BJP won 12 while JD(U) won 20.[12] JD(U) won 115 and BJP won 91 seats in 2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election. Thus together holding 206 seats in 243 member Bihar Legislative Assembly.
Leaving NDA edit
JD(U) broke its 17 years old alliance with the BJP in Bihar in protest against the elevation of Narendra Modi as ahead of the election campaign committee of BJP for 2014 Indian general election. JD(U) President Sharad Yadav and then Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar announced their end of coalition at a press conference on 16 June 2013, exactly a week after Narendra Modi was made the BJP's campaign committee chairman, who was later made the prime ministerial candidate of NDA. Just after this split, Sharad Yadav relinquished his position as the NDA convenor.
The JD(U) contested the election in Bihar in an alliance with the Communist Party of India but they won only two seats out of total forty seats of Bihar while the BJP-LJP alliance won 31 seats.[12][13][14] Following poor performance in election, Nitish Kumar resigned as Chief Minister of Bihar and Jitan Ram Manjhi sworn in as a new Chief Minister. When the trust vote was demanded by the BJP to prove majority in Bihar Legislative Assembly, the RJD supported the JD(U) in the assembly on 23 May 2014 to pass the majority mark.[15]
The Mahagathbandhan (Grand Alliance) edit
On 29 December 2014, Kerala-based Socialist Janata (Democratic) merged with the JD(U) with its leader M.P. Veerendra Kumar, accepting the party flag from JD(U) leader Nitish Kumar. This was an important milestone in bringing a pan-Indian appeal to the JD(U) which is largely limited to the state of Bihar. [16]
On 14 April 2015, the JD(U), Janata Dal (Secular), Rashtriya Janata Dal, the Indian National Lok Dal, Samajwadi Party, and Samajwadi Janata Party announced that they would merge into a new national Janata Parivar alliance in order to fight against the BJP in cooperation with one another, thus leaving the UPA. But for some reason this did not take place and the Samajwadi Party was subsequently offered three seats out of an assembly of 243 in the Bihar elections. Unhappy with this deal, it left the alliance and fought the elections separately.[17] On 9 May, MLA Jitan Ram Manjhi was expelled from the JD(U) and he later founded the Hindustani Awam Morcha along with 17 other dissent JD(U) MLAs.[18]
In the 2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election, JD(U) contested the election in an alliance with the RJD and Congress. It won 71 seats out of the 101 seats it contested and the alliance won 178 seats out the 243 seats in the assembly. Subsequently, Nitish Kumar again became the Chief Minister of Bihar.
In the biennial elections to the Rajya Sabha held in March 2016, the ruling UDF of Kerala state gave one seat to JD(U) Kerala State Unit President M.P. Veerendra Kumar. In spite of having just two MLAs in the Legislative Assembly, the Congress gave a berth to its ally.[19]
Alliance with NDA edit
At 5 PM on 26 July 2017, Nitish Kumar tendered his resignation as the Chief Minister of Bihar, ending 20-month-old Mahgathbandhan (grand alliance) rule in the state. The next day at 10 AM on 27 July 2017, he took oath again as the Chief Minister of Bihar with the support of BJP. That evening the same day, Kerala JD(U) president M.P. Veerendra Kumar announced the split of the Kerala unit of the JD(U) from the party, due to Kumar's decision to join hands with the BJP.[20] On 28 July 2017, new NDA government won trust vote in Bihar assembly by 131 votes in favour and 108 against, four legislators did not vote.[21]
Out of NDA edit
On 9 August 2022, Nitish Kumar announced that the JD(U)'s alliance with the BJP in the Bihar Legislative Assembly was over.[22] He further made a claim that the new government in Bihar, a coalition of nine parties including the RJD and the INC would be a "Mahagathgandhan 2.0."
Return to NDA edit
On 28 January 2024, Nitish Kumar announced his resignation from the Mahagathbandhan alliance, rejoining ties with the BJP to form government.
Electoral performance edit
Lok Sabha elections edit
| Lok Sabha | Election | Seats contested | Seats won | Votes Polled | % of votes | State (seats) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13th Lok Sabha | 1999 | 60 | 21 | 1,12,82,084 | 3.10 | Bihar (18) Karnataka (3) | [23] |
| 14th Lok Sabha | 2004 | 73 | 8 | 91,44,963 | 2.53 | Bihar (6) Lakshadweep(1) Uttar Pradesh(1) | [23] |
| 15th Lok Sabha | 2009 | 27 | 20 | 59,36,786 | 1.5 | Bihar (20) | [23] |
| 16th Lok Sabha | 2014 | 93 | 2 | 59,92,281 | 1.08 | Bihar (2) | [23] |
| 17th Lok Sabha | 2019 | 24 | 16 | 89,26,679 | 1.45 | Bihar(16) | [23] |
Assembly elections edit
| Vidhan Sabha | Assembly Election | Seats Contested | Seats Won | % of votes | % of votes in seats contested | Party Votes | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bihar Legislative Assembly | |||||||
| 11th Vidhan Sabha | 2000 | 87 | 21 | 6.5 | 23.61 | 2,396,677 | [24] |
| 12th Vidhan Sabha | 2005 February | 138 | 55 | 14.55 | 26.41 | 3,564,930 | [24] |
| 13th Vidhan Sabha | 2005 October | 139 | 88 | 20.46 | 37.41 | 4,819,759 | [24] |
| 14th Vidhan Sabha | 2010 | 144 | 115 | 22.58 | 38.77 | 6,561,906 | [24] |
| 15th Vidhan Sabha | 2015 | 101 | 71 | 16.8 | 40.65 | 6,416,414 | [24] |
| 16th Vidhan Sabha | 2020 | 115 | 43 | 15.39 | 32.83 | 6,485,179 | [24] |
| Jharkhand Legislative Assembly | |||||||
| 2nd Vidhan Sabha | 2005 | 18 | 6 | 4.0 | |||
| 3rd Vidhan Sabha | 2009 | 14 | 2 | 2.78 | 285,565 | ||
| 4th Vidhan Sabha | 2014 | 11 | 0 | 0.96 | 133815 | ||
| 5th Vidhan Sabha | 2019 | 45 | 0 | 0.73 | 110120 | [25] | |
| Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly | |||||||
| 7th | 2019 | 14 | 7 | 9.89 | 61,324 | [citation needed] | |
| Manipur Legislative Assembly | |||||||
| 13th | 2022 | 38 | 6 | 10.77 | 200,100 | [citation needed] | |
Prominent members edit
- Nitish Kumar, Chief Minister of Bihar.[26]
- K.C. Tyagi, Special Advisor & National Spokesperson.[27][28]
- Rajiv Ranjan Singh, National President, Member of Parliament and Former Bihar JD(U) President.[29]
- Mohammad Ali Ashraf Fatmi, National General Secretary, Former Central Minister Government of India, 4 time MP Darbhanga
- Umesh Kushwaha, Bihar state President of Janata Dal (United).[30][31]
- Ramsewak Singh Kushwaha, National General Secretary.[32]
- Santosh Kumar Kushwaha, National General Secretary.[33]
- Kushwaha Ramkumar Sharma, National General Secretary.[33]
- Shri Bhagwan Singh Kushwaha, National General Secretary.[33]
- Abhay Kushwaha, Former President of Youth wing of Janata Dal (United).[34]
- Vijay Kumar Chaudhary, Former Speaker of Bihar Legislative Assembly, Former Bihar JD(U) President & Former Leader of JD(U) Legislature Party.[35]
- Harivansh Narayan Singh – Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha (2018)
- Bashistha Narain Singh, Member of Parliament in Rajya Sabha.[36]
- Ram Nath Thakur, JDU Party leader in Rajya Sabha.[37]
- Bijendra Prasad Yadav, Minister for Energy, Registration, Excise and Prohibition, Government of Bihar
- Monazir Hassan, Former Cabinet Minister Government of Bihar, Former MP Begusarai
List of chief ministers edit
Chief ministers of Bihar edit
| No | Name | Constituency | Term of office | Tenure length | Assembly | Ministry | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nitish Kumar | MLC | 24 November 2005 | 26 November 2010 | 8 years, 177 days | 14th | Nitish Kumar II |
| 26 November 2010 | 20 May 2014 | 15th | Nitish Kumar III | ||||
| 2 | Jitan Ram Manjhi | Makhdumpur | 20 May 2014 | 22 February 2015 | 278 days | Manjhi | |
| (1) | Nitish Kumar | MLC | 22 February 2015 | 20 November 2015 | 9 years, 44 days | Nitish Kumar IV | |
| 20 November 2015 | 26 July 2017 | 16th | Nitish Kumar V | ||||
| 26 July 2017 | 16 November 2020 | Nitish Kumar VI | |||||
| 16 November 2020 | 9 August 2022 | 17th | Nitish Kumar VII | ||||
| 9 August 2022 | 28 January 2024 | Nitish Kumar VIII | |||||
| 28 January 2024 | Incumbent | Nitish Kumar IX |
National presidents edit
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term in office | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assumed office | Left office | Time in office | |||
| 1 | Sharad Yadav (1947–2023) | 30 October 2003 | 10 April 2016 | 12 years, 163 days | |
| 2 | Nitish Kumar (b.1951) | 10 April 2016 | 27 December 2020 | 4 years, 261 days | |
| 3 | Ramchandra Prasad Singh (b.1958) | 27 December 2020 | 31 July 2021 | 216 days | |
| 4 | Lalan Singh (b.1955) | 31 July 2021 | 29 December 2023 | 2 years, 151 days | |
| (2) | Nitish Kumar (b.1951) | 29 December 2023 | Incumbent | 99 days | |
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Political Parties in India".
The Janata Dal (United), commonly referred as the JD(U), is a regional political party in India. Its political position is centre-left operating on the ideologies of Integral humanism, Secularism and Socialism. Its mass base is primarily in the states of Bihar and Jharkhand.
- ^ About Janta Dal United (JDU). "Janta Dal United (JD(U)) – Party History, Symbol, Founders, Election Results and News". Elections.in. from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
- ^ Dev Raj (10 June 2019). "Nitish nod for Prashant Kishor and blessings". The Telegraph. Patna. from the original on 21 June 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
- ^ "After Bihar, JD(U) Becomes a Recognised State Party in Arunachal Pradesh". News 18. Patna. 8 June 2019. from the original on 21 June 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
- ^ Anand Patel (29 May 2019). "JDU eyes assembly polls to get national party status". India Today. from the original on 21 June 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
- ^ "उदय मंडल बने समता पार्टी के कार्यकारी अध्यक्ष". Gaam Ghar. 19 February 2022. from the original on 19 February 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
- ^ "BBCHindi". BBC. from the original on 3 April 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
- ^ "SAMATA PARTY – Official Website". from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
- ^ a b Parsai, Gargi (31 October 2003). . The Hindu. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
- ^ "Samata Party breaks away from JD (U)". from the original on 6 April 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
- ^ Menon, Paravathi (23 April 2004). . Frontline Magazine. Archived from the original on 3 January 2008. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
- ^ a b Vaibhav, Aditya (17 May 2014). "Election results 2014: JD(U), RJD decimated in Bihar". The Times of India. TNN. from the original on 31 May 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
- ^ . Election Commission of India. 16 May 2014. Archived from the original on 19 May 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
- ^ "JD(U) severs ties with BJP on Modi issue". The Hindu. 16 June 2013. from the original on 31 May 2014.
- ^ "Lalu Yadav's Party to Support Nitish Kumar's JD (U) In Bihar Floor Test". NDTV. 22 May 2015. from the original on 31 May 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
- ^ "Nitish Kumar hails SJD's merger with JD-U in Kerala". indiatoday.in. 29 December 2014. from the original on 10 March 2016.
- ^ "'Janata Parivar' formalised, Mulayam Singh named chief of new party". Zee News. 15 April 2015. from the original on 18 January 2017.
- ^ "Manjhi launches HAM as new political party". The Times of India. TNN. 9 May 2015. from the original on 12 May 2015.
- ^ "Congress, JD(U) to share Rajya Sabha seats; Antony may be renominated". The Hindu. 26 February 2016. from the original on 11 May 2018.
- ^ Scroll Staff (27 July 2017). "'Will fight fascist forces': Kerala JD(U) splits from party after Nitish Kumar allies with the BJP". Scroll.in. from the original on 11 May 2018. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
- ^ "Bihar Assembly trust vote LIVE updates: CM Nitish Kumar wins floor test with 131 votes". The Indian Express. 28 July 2017. from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
- ^ "Nitish Kumar leaves BJP; stakes claim with RJD". MSN. 9 August 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
- ^ a b c d e "PC: Party-wise performance for 1999 All States". Indiavotes.com. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f "AC: Party performance over elections - Janata Dal (United)". Indiavotes.com. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
- ^ "Election Commission of India file". from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
- ^ "Nitish Kumar is new JD(U) chief". The Hindu. 10 April 2016.
- ^ . 23 September 2010. Archived from the original on 23 September 2010.
- ^ "Rajya Sabha: Department Related Parliamentary Standing Committees". 164.100.47.5. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
- ^ "Nitish Kumar's Bihar team: 7 Masters, 9 graduates and 12 who went to school". 22 November 2015. Archived from the original on 5 December 2015.
- ^ "Umesh Kushwaha becomes Bihar JD(U) chief succeeds Vashishtha Narayan Singh". UniIndia. from the original on 12 January 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
- ^ "पूर्व मंत्री रामसेवक सिंह होंगे JDU के नए प्रदेश अध्यक्ष, लव-कुश की जोड़ी पर नीतीश ने जताया भरोसा". ABP News. 9 January 2021. from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
- ^ "K C Tyagi, JD(U)'s well-known face, does not find place in new national team of Nitish Kumar's party". Times of India. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b c "Bihar: Senior leader KC Tyagi name missing from JDU's list of new national office bearers". IndiaTV. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ "Abhay-kushwaha-becomes-the-state-president-of-youth-wing-of-jdu". Patrika.com. 5 April 2018. from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
- ^ "Nitish confidante Vijay Chaudhary is new Bihar Speaker". from the original on 6 April 2017.
- ^ "Unopposed, Bashishtha Narayan Singh Re-Elected JD(U) Bihar Unit President". from the original on 6 April 2017.
- ^ "Shri Ram Nath Thakur| National Portal of India". india.gov.in. from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
External links edit
- Official website