fbpx
Wikipedia

United Democratic Front (Kerala)

January 01, 1970

For the political alliance in Mizoram, see United Democratic Front (Mizoram).

The United Democratic Front (UDF) is the Indian National Congress-led alliance of centre to centre-right political parties in the Indian state of Kerala.[5] It is one of the two major political alliances in Kerala, the other being Communist Party of India (Marxist)-led Left Democratic Front, each of which has been in power alternately since 1980 E. K. Nayanar ministry.[7] Most of the United Democratic Front constituents are members of the Indian National Congress-led United Progressive Alliance at pan-India level.

United Democratic Front
AbbreviationUDF
ChairpersonV. D. Satheesan
FounderK. Karunakaran
Founded1979; 45 years ago (1979)
Headquarters"Indira Bhavan", Vellayambalam, Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala
IdeologyBig tent
Factions
Political positionCentre[5] to Centre-right[6]
AllianceI.N.D.I.A
Seats in Lok Sabha
18 / 20
(Kerala)
Seats in Rajya Sabha
2 / 9
(Kerala)
Seats in Kerala Legislative Assembly
41 / 140

United Democratic Front was created by the Indian National Congress (then known as Congress-Indira) party leader K. Karunakaran in 1979, as a successor to the existing Congress-led alliance.[8] The alliance first came to power in 1981 (K. Karunakaran ministry) and has won elections to the state legislature of Kerala in the years 1982 (Karunakaran ministry),[9] 1991 (Karunakaran and A. K. Antony ministries),[10] 2001 (Antony and Oommen Chandy ministries),[11] and 2011 (Oommen Chandy ministry).[12] The alliance currently acts as the opposition in the state legislature of Kerala (after the 2021 legislative assembly election). United Democratic Front leaders V. D. Satheesan and K. Sudhakaran currently serves as the Leader of the Opposition and Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee President respectively.[13]

The alliance currently consists of Indian National Congress, Indian Union Muslim League, Kerala Congress (Joseph), Kerala Congress (Jacob), Revolutionary Socialist Party and a variety of other smaller parties. The alliance follows big tent policy and includes a variety political parties.[1]

Current members edit

Members of United democratic front edit

Party Abbr. Flag MPs in Lok Sabha MPs in Rajya Sabha MLA in state legislature Base state Kerala leader
1 Indian National Congress INC   53 31 21 National Party K. Sudhakaran
2 Indian Union Muslim League IUML   03 01 15 Kerala, Tamil Nadu P. K. Kunhalikutty
3 Kerala Congress KEC
 
 00 00 02 Kerala P. J. Joseph
4 Kerala Congress (Jacob) KEC(J)
 
 00 00 01 Kerala Anoop Jacob
5 Kerala Democratic Party KDP 00 00 01 Kerala Mani C. Kappan
6 Revolutionary Socialist Party RSP   01 00 00 Kerala Shibu Baby John
8 Revolutionary Marxist Party of India RMPI   00 00 01 Kerala K. K. Rema
7 Communist Marxist Party CMP   00 00 00 Kerala C. P. John
9 National Janata Dal NJD 00 00 00 Kerala Adv John John
10 Janathipathiya Samrakshana Samithy JSS   00 00 00 Kerala Rajan Babu
11 All India Forward Bloc AIFB 00 00 00 West Bengal T. Manoj Kumar

History edit

Antecedents edit

Precursors to the United Democratic Front were,

United Democratic Front (1979 – present) edit

 
The second-longest serving chief minister of Kerala, K. Karunakaran, was the founder of United Democratic Front

The United Democratic Front (UDF) was formed just before 1980 assembly election. In elections, the Front was defeated by the Communist Party of India (Marxist)-led Left Democratic Front. However, the fall of the first Left Democratic Front ministry resulted in the 6th President's Rule in Kerala (1981).

United Democratic Front first came into power in Kerala in 1981 under K. Karunakaran.[9] It led the Government of Kerala in 1982–87 (K. Karunakaran), 1991–96 (K. Karunakaran and A. K. Antony), 2001–06 (A. K. Antony and Oommen Chandy), and 2011–16 (Oommen Chandy). The alliance currently serves as the opposition in the Kerala Assembly.

Chief Ministers edit

Pre-United Democratic Front Chief Ministers (1956 – 1979) edit

United Democratic Front Chief Ministers (1981 – present) edit

United Democratic Front Chief Ministers

List of United Democratic Front Chief Ministers by length of term edit

 
United Democratic Front ministry in 1983 (3rd Karunakaran ministry, 1982 - 87)
 
United Democratic Front ministry in 1991 (4th Karunakaran ministry, 1991 - 95)
No. Name (Ministry) Length of term[19]
Longest continuous term Total years of premiership
1 K. Karunakaran (1918 - 2010) 4 years, 305 days

(1982–87)

8 years, 315 days

(four terms)

2 A. K. Antony (born 1940) 3 years, 74 days

(2001–04)

5 years, 306 days

(three terms)

3 Oommen Chandy (born 1943) 5 years, 6 days

(2011–16)

6 years, 256 days

(two terms)

Leaders of Opposition (U. D. F) edit

United Democratic Front Conveners edit

 
P. J. Joseph served as the first United Democratic Front Convener (1980–82)
Period U D F Convener Political affiliation
1979–80 Nil
1980–82 P. J. Joseph Kerala Congress
1982–85 Oommen Chandy[20] Indian National Congress
1985–2001 K. Sankaranarayanan[21]
2001–04 Oommen Chandy[20]
2004–18 P. P. Thankachan[22][23]
2018–20 Benny Behanan[23][24]
Incumbent M. M. Hassan[13]

Legacy edit

K. Karunakaran edit

 
Cochin International Airport

The Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, was established by bifurcating University of Kerala during the period of 3rd Karunakaran ministry (1982 - 87). It was during the second U. D. F. government (Third Karunakaran ministry), that the last two districts of Kerala, namely Pathanamthitta and Kasaragod, were inaugurated, raising the total number of districts in Kerala to fourteen.[25] During his third tenure as Chief Minister (1982–87), Karunakaran directly handled the Scheduled Castes Development.[25] Kerala State Film Development Corporation was also introduced during the tenure of Karunakaran.[25]

Chief Minister Karunakaran was instrumental in several infrastructure projects in Kerala which includes the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in Kochi,[26] and the Cochin International Airport, both of which were sanctioned during his 1991-95 stint as the Chief Minister.[27] Vallarpadam Terminal, which later became the first transshipment terminal in India was other key project coined during the administration of Karunakaran.[28] Other major infrastructure projects introduced during the terms of Karunakaran include the Goshree Bridges of Kochi, Guruvayur Railway Line, and Rajiv Gandhi Combined Cycle Power Plant at Kayamkulam.[25] The first phase of Kollam Bypass was completed in 1993.[citation needed]

A. K. Antony edit

Antony administration was instrumental in the establishment of Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology at Thiruvananthapuram.[29] The InfoPark at Kochi was established in the year 2004.[30] It was also under his administration that the Kannur University was created by bifurcating the University of Calicut. The University of Sanskrit was inaugurated in 1994.[31] The Indian Institute of Management and the National Institute of Technology at Kozhikode were established in the years 1996 and 2002 respectively.[32]

The Akshaya Project was implemented in 2002 to expand digital literacy in Kerala.[33] During his tenure as Chief Minister, A. K. Antony introduced the Unemployment Allowance, Festival Allowance for the Kerala state employees.[34]

During his tenure as Chief Minister, A. K. Antony introduced the prohibition of arrack in Kerala.[34] It was at Chief Minister Antony's behest that the decision to construct the new Kerala Legislature Complex was taken in 1977.[34] He also ordered the closure of the Kerala Coca-Cola plant in 2004 due to non-availability of drinking water in the plant area.[35]

Oommen Chandy edit

It was also during tenure of Oommen Chandy that 12 new taluks, 28 new municipalities, and Kannur Municipal Corporation were formed.[36][37] It was the largest taluk delimitation in the state of Kerala after 1957.[38][36] The Kerala Urban Road Transport Corporation (KURTC) was formed under KSRTC in 2015 to manage affairs related to urban transportation.[39]
 
Oommen Chandy in September 2015
The Chandy ministry established new Government Medical Colleges in Kerala (in 2013, after a gap of 31 years).[40][41] The "Karunya Scheme" was implemented in the year 2011–12 for the free treatment of patients with cancer, haemophilia, kidney, and heart diseases.[42][43] A number of organ implantation surgeries were done through the "Mruthasanjeevani Project".[44] The Second Chandy ministry had also taken the decision to prohibit liquor in Kerala by discouraging bars.[45] The number of political killings were relatively low (11) during the period 2011–16 in the state.[46]

Rubber subsidy to ensure a minimum price of Rs 150/kg was implemented in 2015.[47]

In 2005, Information Technology was made a compulsory subject for the school-level students.[48] Victers TV, the children's television channel on EDUSAT for schools, was inaugurated in 2005.[49] The National University of Advanced Legal Studies at Kochi was founded in 2005 and the Indian Institute of Technology at Palakkad was established in the year 2015. The universities founded in 2011–16 period include the Malayalam University at Tirur (2012) and Technological University at Thiruvananthapuram (2014).[50][51][52] The National Institute of Visual Science and Arts at Kottayam was inaugurated in January 2016.[53] Kerala was declared as the first complete digital state of India on 27 February 2016.[54]

The Kerala Public Service Commission filled the vacant posts during 2011–16.[55] As many as 167,096 job candidates were appointed, setting a record.[55] As many as 46,223 posts were created in the same period.[55] The Phase-3 of the Technopark at Thiruvananthapuram was inaugurated in 2014.[56] The Taurus Downtown at Technopark was commenced during the period 2011–16.[56] The phase-2 of InfoPark, Kochi was inaugurated in May 2015.[57] Phase-2 of InfoPark Thrissur was completed during the same period.[58][59] The Park Centre of Cybercity at Kozhikode was formally opened by IT Minister P.K. Kunhalikutty on 15 February 2014.[60][61] UL Cyberpark at Kozhikode was inaugurated in January 2016.[62] Chandy's regime was instrumental in beginning the construction of the Smart City Project.[63]

Chandy received the United Nation's Public Service Award for his Mass Contact Programme ("Jana Samparkka Paripadi").[64][65] The government also sanctioned of Unemployment Allowance.[20] Social welfare pension amounts and numbers were doubled during the second Chandy ministry.[55][44] Old-age pension amounts were also increased.[55] Other social welfare measures during Chandy reign include free ration for those who lost their employment.[65] Free rice was given to those who did not belong to Above Poverty Line (APL).[44] Food kits were distributed to the people during Onam, the Eid, and Christmas.[44]

Chandy government constructed more than 400,000 houses for the homeless people in Kerala.[65]

Chandy's regime was instrumental in beginning the construction of Kannur Airport,[63][66] the Kochi Metro,[63][67][66] and the Vizhinjam Port near Thiruvananthapuram.[63][66] The Kochi-Mangalore GAIL pipeline was commissioned by the second Chandy ministry in 2013.[68] In 2015, the Cochin Airport became the world's first fully solar powered airport.[69][70] During his period, 227 road bridges worth nearly Rs 16 billion were built across Kerala.[71][44]

A number of state highways were constructed under Chandy government and the final decision to widen the national highways of the state to 45 m were taken in 2014.[72] Several "bypass" roads were also constructed.[44]

Kerala Assembly Election results edit

Vote share in consecutive Kerala Assembly elections
1982
 
 48.25%
1987
 
 43.65%
1991
 
 44.84%
1996
 
 44.84%
2001
 
 49.05%
2006
 
 42.98%
2011
 
 45.83%
2016
 
 38.81%
2021
 
 39.47%
Assembly election results[73]
Election Alliance leader Seats won Change in seats Outcome
1980 K. Karunakaran
46 / 140
 New Opposition
Government
1982
77 / 140
   31 Government
1987
61 / 140
   16 Opposition
1991
90 / 140
   29 Government
1996 A. K. Antony
59 / 140
   31 Opposition
2001
99 / 140
   40 Government
2006 Oommen Chandy
42 / 140
   57 Opposition
2011
72 / 140
   30 Government
2016 Ramesh Chennithala
47 / 140
   25 Opposition
2021
41 / 140
   6 Opposition

Electoral history edit

Mandate Seats secured Ruling coalition Majority
LDF UDF Others
1980 93 46 1 LDF 47
1982 63 77 0 UDF 14
1987 78 61 1 LDF 17
1991 48 90 2 UDF 40
1996 80 59 1 LDF 21
2001 40 99 1 UDF 59
2006 98 42 0 LDF 56
2011 68 72 0 UDF 04
2016 91 47 2 LDF 44
2021 99 41 0 LDF 59

List of elected members edit

State legislature edit

 
Map of Kerala showing 2021 state Legislative Assembly election results

The United Democratic Front currently has 41 members in the 140-member Kerala Legislative Assembly. The alliance currently forms the Opposition in the Assembly.

Key

  Indian National Congress (INC)   Indian Union Muslim League (IUML)   Kerala Congress (KEC)   Kerala Congress (Jacob) (KC(J))  Revolutionary Marxist Party of India (RMPI)   Kerala Democratic Party (KDP)

No. Constituency Member Party
Kasaragod district
1 Manjeshwaram A. K. M. Ashraf IUML
2 Kasaragod N. A. Nellikkunnu IUML
Kannur district
3 Irikkur Sajeev Joseph INC
4 Peravoor Sunny Joseph INC
Wayanad district
5 Sulthan Bathery I. C. Balakrishnan INC
6 Kalpetta T Siddique INC
Kozhikode district
7 Koduvally M. K. Muneer IUML
8 Vadakara K. K. Rema RMPI
Malappuram district
9 Kondotty T. V. Ibrahim IUML
10 Eranad P. K. Basheer IUML
11 Wandoor A. P. Anil Kumar INC
12 Manjeri U. A. Latheef IUML
13 Perinthalmanna Najeeb Kanthapuram IUML
14 Mankada Manjalamkuzhi Ali IUML
15 Malappuram P. Ubaidulla IUML
16 Vengara P. K. Kunhalikutty IUML
17 Vallikkunnu P. Abdul Hameed IUML
18 Tirurangadi K. P. A. Majeed IUML
19 Tirur Kurukkoli Moideen IUML
20 Kottakkal K. K. Abid Hussain Thangal IUML
Palakkad district
21 Mannarkkad N. Samsudheen IUML
22 Palakkad Shafi Parambil INC
Thrissur district
23 Chalakudy T. J. Saneesh Kumar Joseph INC
Ernakulam district
24 Perumbavoor Eldhose Kunnappilly INC
25 Angamaly Roji M. John INC
26 Aluva Anwar Sadath INC
27 Paravur V. D. Satheesan INC
28 Thrippunithura K. Babu INC
29 Ernakulam T. J. Vinod INC
30 Thrikkakara Uma Thomas INC
31 Piravom Anoop Jacob KC (J)
32 Muvattupuzha Mathew Kuzhalnadan INC
Idukki district
33 Thodupuzha P. J. Joseph KEC
Kottayam district
34 Pala Mani C. Kappan Kerala Democratic Party
35 Kaduthuruthy Monce Joseph KEC
36 Kottayam Thiruvanchoor Radhakrishnan INC
37 Puthuppally Chandy Oommen INC
Alappuzha district
38 Haripad Ramesh Chennithala INC
Kollam district
39 Karunagappally C. R. Mahesh INC
40 Kundara P. C. Vishnunadh INC
Thiruvananthapuram district
41 Kovalam M. Vincent INC

Lok Sabha edit

 
Map of Kerala showing 2019 Indian general election results

Out of the 20 Lok Sabha (House of the People) constituencies in Kerala, 19 were won by the United Democratic Front in 2019 Lok Sabha election (including Thomas Chazhikadan, Kerala Congress Mani from Kottayam). Later when the Kerala Congress Mani crossed floors to join Left Democratic Front (2020), the number of M. P.s reduced to 18.

The following is the list of United Democratic Front Lok Sabha members from the state of Kerala:

Key

  INC   IUML   RSP

Rajya Sabha edit

The following is the list of United Democratic Front Rajya Sabha members from the state of Kerala:

Key

  INC   IUML

No. State Member (M. P.) Party Affiliation
1 Kerala Jebi Mather INC
2 P. V. Abdul Wahab IUML

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Heller, Patrick (18 April 2020). "A virus, social democracy, and dividends for Kerala". The Hindu. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  2. ^ "UDF had a chance in Kerala. Then Congress played a dangerous communal game". 24 March 2021.
  3. ^ "New curriculum to teach masturbation homosexuality: IUML leader Abdurahiman Randathani". ...the Congress-led UDF opposition contended in the Kerala assembly that the gender neutral views in the education policy will result in "negation of religion" and "sexual anarchy."
  4. ^ "CPI-M opposes Kerala move to privatise drinking water scheme". 30 March 2013.
  5. ^ a b "India's election results were more than a 'Modi wave'". Washington Post. Retrieved 31 May 2019. The BJP's primary rival, the centrist Indian National Congress (Congress), won only 52 seats.
  6. ^ "A coloured scheme of things".
  7. ^ "Election history of Kerala". CEO Kerala. Chief Election Officer, Kerala.
  8. ^ PTI (23 December 2010). "Who was K Karunakaran?". NDTV. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  9. ^ a b "Congress(I) leader Karunakaran sworn in as Kerala CM". India Today. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
  10. ^ Isaac, T. M. Thomas; Kumar, S. Mohana (1991). "Kerala Elections, 1991: Lessons and Non-Lessons". Economic and Political Weekly. 26 (47): 2691–2704. ISSN 0012-9976. JSTOR 4398338.
  11. ^ Menon, Girish (14 May 2001). "LDF swept out in Kerala". Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  12. ^ Anantha Krishnan (13 May 2011). "This story is from May 13, 2011 Kerala assembly elections 2011: UDF wins by narrow margin". Times of India. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  13. ^ a b Chandran, Cynthia (3 October 2020). "MM Hassan takes charge as the UDF convener". The New Indian Express.
  14. ^ "As it happened: TMC, AIADMK retain power; BJP takes Assam, Left Kerala". Hindustan Times. 19 May 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  15. ^ PTI (30 May 2016). "Congress Elects Ramesh Chennithala As Leader Of Opposition In Kerala Assembly". NDTV. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  16. ^ ANI (3 May 2021). "LDF retains power in Kerala winning 99 seats, decimates UDF to 41". ANI.
  17. ^ Manoj C G (22 May 2021). "Congress appoints V D Satheesan as Leader of Opposition in Kerala". Indian Express.
  18. ^ Daily, Keralakaumudi. "Wearing T P's badge, K K Rema takes oath; Will cooperate with opposition on issues where consensus could be built, she says". Keralakaumudi Daily. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
  19. ^ Chief Ministers of Kerala since 1957. Kerala Legislature
  20. ^ a b c Chief Ministers, Ministers, and Leaders of Opposition of Kerala (PDF). Thiruvananthapuram: Secratriat of Kerala Legislature. 2018. p. 32.
  21. ^ Chief Ministers, Ministers, and Leaders of Opposition of Kerala (PDF). Thiruvananthapuram: Secratriat of Kerala Legislature. 2018. p. 150.
  22. ^ "I am competent to continue as UDF convenor, says P P Thankachan". Mathrubhumi. 3 June 2018.
  23. ^ a b Special Currespondent (20 September 2018). "Benny Behanan is UDF convener". The Hindu.
  24. ^ Express News Service (27 September 2020). "UDF convenor Benny Behanan steps down". The New Indian Express.
  25. ^ a b c d Chief Ministers, Ministers, and Leaders of Opposition of Kerala (PDF). Thiruvananthapuram: Secratriat of Kerala Legislature. 2018. p. 22.
  26. ^ "VIP Football Pavilion at Kaloor Stadium Named after K Karunakaran". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  27. ^ "Karunakaran Pavilion". The Times of India. 14 July 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
  28. ^ "DP World Kochi poised to grow its capacity". Gulf News. 8 February 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
  29. ^ Chief Ministers, Ministers, and Leaders of Opposition of Kerala (PDF). Thiruvananthapuram: Secratriat of Kerala Legislature. 2018. p. 24.
  30. ^ "Kochi to turn into a job park". The New Indian Express. 19 January 2017.
  31. ^ Madampat, Shajahan (11 April 2019). "The importance of IUML". The Indian Express. from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  32. ^ "IIMK – Growth History". iimk.ac.in.
  33. ^ "The first E-literate district of India". The Times of India. 18 August 2004. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  34. ^ a b c "Chief Ministers, Ministers and Leaders of Opposition in Kerala: Biographical Sketches and other data" (PDF). Niyamasabha. 26 February 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
  35. ^ Konikkara, Aathira. "Nearly 15 years after Coca Cola plant shut down, Plachimada's fight for Rs 216 crore in compensation continues". The Caravan. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  36. ^ a b "12 new taluks to be formed in Kerala". The Hindu. 21 March 2013.
  37. ^ TNN (15 January 2015). "Kannur to become corporation; 28 new municipalities on anvil". Times of India.
  38. ^ Devassy, M. K. (1967). Census of India – 1961, Kerala (Census Atlas). Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala and Laccadive Islands.
  39. ^ Chandran 2018, p. 422.
  40. ^ "A new government medical college in Kerala after 31 years". The Hindu. 2 September 2013.
  41. ^ Special Currespondent (4 May 2019). "MCI recognition for Manjeri medical college". The Hindu.
  42. ^ Express News Service (2 April 2020). "Karunya Benevolent Fund Scheme extended for one more year". The New Indian Express.
  43. ^ Express News Service (4 October 2012). "43 cochlear implant surgeries performed". New Indian Express.
  44. ^ a b c d e f Webdesk (4 April 2021). "'മുഖ്യമന്ത്രിയുടെ വെല്ലുവിളി ഏറ്റെടുക്കുന്നു'; വികസനങ്ങൾ എണ്ണിപ്പറഞ്ഞ് ഉമ്മൻചാണ്ടി". Malayalam Indian Express.
  45. ^ Philip, Shaju (22 December 2014). "Oommen Chandy: Changes in liquor policy final". Indian Express.
  46. ^ "Oommen Chandy blames CPM for political killings". Mathrbhumi. 8 September 2020.
  47. ^ Express News Service (27 August 2015). "Subsidy for Rubber Fixed at Rs 150/kg". The New Indian Express.
  48. ^ Express Web Desk (7 August 2017). "Kerala's 'IT@school' project now a government company 'KITE', CM Vijayan launches logo". The Indian Express.
  49. ^ "KITE".
  50. ^ "Thunchath Ezhuthachan Malayalam University Ordinance, 2012" (PDF). Kerala Gazette. Government of Kerala. Retrieved 4 November 2012.[permanent dead link]
  51. ^ "Kerala gifts Malayalis a university". The Hindu. 2 November 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
  52. ^ . The New Indian Express. 1 November 2012. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
  53. ^ Press Information Bureau. "Remarks by Vice President of India, Shri M. Hamid Ansari, at the inauguration of the KR Narayanan National Institute of Visual Sciences & Arts at Kottayam, Kerala". Government of India. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  54. ^ Special currespondent (28 February 2016). "Kerala the first digital State". The Hindu. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  55. ^ a b c d e "What the finance minister wouldn't tell you". Onmanorama. 23 July 2016.
  56. ^ a b P K Krishnakumar (17 January 2014). "Technopark becomes largest IT park in the country". Economic Times.
  57. ^ ET Bureau (4 May 2015). "Infopark second phase inaguration on May 6". Economic Times.
  58. ^ Reporter (14 January 2016). "CM to inaugurate Koratty infopark". The Hindu.
  59. ^ "nfopark Koratty Phase II starts off with Indeevaram on January 21". Kerala IT News. 14 January 2014.
  60. ^ "Cyberpark to place Kozhikode on IT map". The Hindu. 14 February 2014. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
  61. ^ "Now, Cyberpark puts Kozhikode on the IT map". The Times of India. 16 February 2014. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
  62. ^ Govind, Biju (24 February 2016). "UL CyberPark marks a first in IT sector". The Hindu.
  63. ^ a b c d "Congress kicks off poll campaign with 'Aiswarya Kerala yatra'". The News Minute. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  64. ^ "Kerala Chief Minister Oommen Chandy bags UN award for 'mass contact programme'". The Economic Times. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  65. ^ a b c "തലസ്ഥാനത്തെ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതല്‍ പരിഗണിച്ച മുഖ്യമന്ത്രിയാര് ? കണക്കുകള്‍ പറയുന്നു അത് ഉമ്മന്‍ചാണ്ടി". www.kaumudiplus.com. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  66. ^ a b c PTI (31 January 2021). "Kerala: Hitting out at 'misrule' of LDF govt, UDF launches state-wide rally". Hindutan Times.
  67. ^ "Kochi Metro turns a glorious chapter today". New Indian Express. 7 September 2020.
  68. ^ Philip, Shaju (11 January 2021). "Gas pipeline from Kochi to Mangaluru: hurdles crossed, and why it matters". Indian Express.
  69. ^ "Cochin International Airport set to become worlds's first fully solar-powered major airport". LiveMint. 18 August 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  70. ^ Menon, Supriya (9 October 2015). "How is the world's first solar powered airport faring? – BBC News". BBC News. Bbc.com. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
  71. ^ "Chandy challenges LDF to disclose list of bridges constructed during their tenure". Mathrubhumi name="227 Bridges". Retrieved 30 March 2021.
  72. ^ Philip, Shaju (24 October 2014). "Kerala government finally decides to develop national highways at 45-meter width". Indian Express.
  73. ^ "History of Kerala Legislature". kerala.gov.in. Government of Kerala.
  • Chandran, VP (2018). Mathrubhumi Yearbook Plus – 2019 (Malayalam ed.). Kozhikode: P. V. Chandran, Managing Editor, Mathrubhumi Printing & Publishing Company Limited, Kozhikode.

Further reading edit

January 01, 1970
united, democratic, front, kerala, political, alliance, mizoram, united, democratic, front, mizoram, united, democratic, front, indian, national, congress, alliance, centre, centre, right, political, parties, indian, state, kerala, major, political, alliances,. For the political alliance in Mizoram see United Democratic Front Mizoram The United Democratic Front UDF is the Indian National Congress led alliance of centre to centre right political parties in the Indian state of Kerala 5 It is one of the two major political alliances in Kerala the other being Communist Party of India Marxist led Left Democratic Front each of which has been in power alternately since 1980 E K Nayanar ministry 7 Most of the United Democratic Front constituents are members of the Indian National Congress led United Progressive Alliance at pan India level United Democratic FrontAbbreviationUDFChairpersonV D SatheesanFounderK KarunakaranFounded1979 45 years ago 1979 Headquarters Indira Bhavan Vellayambalam Thiruvananthapuram District KeralaIdeologyBig tentFactions Social democracy 1 Conservatism Liberal conservatism 2 3 Economic liberalism 4 Sustainable development 1 Political positionCentre 5 to Centre right 6 AllianceI N D I ASeats in Lok Sabha18 20 Kerala Seats in Rajya Sabha2 9 Kerala Seats in Kerala Legislative Assembly41 140Politics of IndiaPolitical partiesElections United Democratic Front was created by the Indian National Congress then known as Congress Indira party leader K Karunakaran in 1979 as a successor to the existing Congress led alliance 8 The alliance first came to power in 1981 K Karunakaran ministry and has won elections to the state legislature of Kerala in the years 1982 Karunakaran ministry 9 1991 Karunakaran and A K Antony ministries 10 2001 Antony and Oommen Chandy ministries 11 and 2011 Oommen Chandy ministry 12 The alliance currently acts as the opposition in the state legislature of Kerala after the 2021 legislative assembly election United Democratic Front leaders V D Satheesan and K Sudhakaran currently serves as the Leader of the Opposition and Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee President respectively 13 The alliance currently consists of Indian National Congress Indian Union Muslim League Kerala Congress Joseph Kerala Congress Jacob Revolutionary Socialist Party and a variety of other smaller parties The alliance follows big tent policy and includes a variety political parties 1 Contents 1 Current members 1 1 Members of United democratic front 2 History 2 1 Antecedents 2 2 United Democratic Front 1979 present 3 Chief Ministers 3 1 Pre United Democratic Front Chief Ministers 1956 1979 3 2 United Democratic Front Chief Ministers 1981 present 3 3 List of United Democratic Front Chief Ministers by length of term 4 Leaders of Opposition U D F 5 United Democratic Front Conveners 6 Legacy 6 1 K Karunakaran 6 2 A K Antony 6 3 Oommen Chandy 7 Kerala Assembly Election results 7 1 Electoral history 8 List of elected members 8 1 State legislature 8 2 Lok Sabha 8 3 Rajya Sabha 9 See also 10 References 11 Further readingCurrent members editMembers of United democratic front edit Party Abbr Flag MPs in Lok Sabha MPs in Rajya Sabha MLA in state legislature Base state Kerala leader 1 Indian National Congress INC nbsp 53 31 21 National Party K Sudhakaran 2 Indian Union Muslim League IUML nbsp 03 01 15 Kerala Tamil Nadu P K Kunhalikutty 3 Kerala Congress KEC nbsp 00 00 02 Kerala P J Joseph 4 Kerala Congress Jacob KEC J nbsp 00 00 01 Kerala Anoop Jacob 5 Kerala Democratic Party KDP 00 00 01 Kerala Mani C Kappan 6 Revolutionary Socialist Party RSP nbsp 01 00 00 Kerala Shibu Baby John 8 Revolutionary Marxist Party of India RMPI nbsp 00 00 01 Kerala K K Rema 7 Communist Marxist Party CMP nbsp 00 00 00 Kerala C P John 9 National Janata Dal NJD 00 00 00 Kerala Adv John John 10 Janathipathiya Samrakshana Samithy JSS nbsp 00 00 00 Kerala Rajan Babu 11 All India Forward Bloc AIFB 00 00 00 West Bengal T Manoj Kumar History edit Antecedents edit Precursors to the United Democratic Front were Joint Front Pattom and Sankar ministries Congress Praja Socialist Party Indian Union Muslim League left 1961 Congress supported Mini Front or Democratic Front Menon ministry Communist Party of India Indian Union Muslim League Kerala Congress Indian Socialist Party Congress supported United Front Mini Front or Maxi Front Second Menon ministry Congress from 1971 Communist Party of India Indian Union Muslim League Revolutionary Socialist Party Praja Socialist Party Kerala Congress from 1975 Ruling Front or Maxi Front Revamped Karunakaran Antony and P K V ministries Congress Communist Party of India Kerala Congress Indian Union Muslim League Revolutionary Socialist Party Indian Union Muslim League Praja Socialist Party National Democratic Party alliance supported by Congress Koya ministry United Democratic Front 1979 present edit nbsp The second longest serving chief minister of Kerala K Karunakaran was the founder of United Democratic Front The United Democratic Front UDF was formed just before 1980 assembly election In elections the Front was defeated by the Communist Party of India Marxist led Left Democratic Front However the fall of the first Left Democratic Front ministry resulted in the 6th President s Rule in Kerala 1981 United Democratic Front first came into power in Kerala in 1981 under K Karunakaran 9 It led the Government of Kerala in 1982 87 K Karunakaran 1991 96 K Karunakaran and A K Antony 2001 06 A K Antony and Oommen Chandy and 2011 16 Oommen Chandy The alliance currently serves as the opposition in the Kerala Assembly In the 2016 elections conducted to the Kerala state legislature United Democratic Front managed to win 47 out of 140 seats to the assembly 14 and Congress leader Ramesh Chennithala was chosen as the Leader of Opposition 15 In 2019 Indian general election the alliance won 19 out of 20 seats in the state In the last elections conducted to the Kerala state legislature in 2021 United Democratic Front managed to win 40 out of 140 seats to the assembly and Congress leader V D Satheesan chosen as the Leader of Opposition 16 17 The alliance supported K K Rema for Vadakara Constituency who sits as a separate block 18 Chief Ministers edit Pre United Democratic Front Chief Ministers 1956 1979 edit Pattom Thanu Pillai 1960 62 R Sankar 1962 64 C Achutha Menon 1970 77 K Karunakaran 1977 A K Antony 1977 78 P K Vasudevan Nair 1978 79 C H Mohammed Koya 1979 United Democratic Front Chief Ministers 1981 present edit United Democratic Front Chief Ministers nbsp K Karunakaran 1981 82 1982 1987 1991 95 nbsp A K Antony 1995 96 2001 04 nbsp Oommen Chandy 2004 06 2011 16 List of United Democratic Front Chief Ministers by length of term edit nbsp United Democratic Front ministry in 1983 3rd Karunakaran ministry 1982 87 nbsp United Democratic Front ministry in 1991 4th Karunakaran ministry 1991 95 No Name Ministry Length of term 19 Longest continuous term Total years of premiership 1 K Karunakaran 1918 2010 1st Karunakaran ministry 1977 2nd Karunakaran ministry 1981 82 3rd Karunakaran ministry 1982 87 4th Karunakaran ministry 1991 95 4 years 305 days 1982 87 8 years 315 days four terms 2 A K Antony born 1940 1st Antony ministry 1977 78 2nd Antony ministry 1995 96 3rd Antony ministry 2001 04 3 years 74 days 2001 04 5 years 306 days three terms 3 Oommen Chandy born 1943 1st Chandy ministry 2004 06 2nd Chandy ministry 2011 16 5 years 6 days 2011 16 6 years 256 days two terms Leaders of Opposition U D F edit K Karunakaran 1980 81 87 91 A K Antony 1996 2001 Oommen Chandy 2006 11 Ramesh Chennithala 2016 21 V D Satheesan 2021 present United Democratic Front Conveners edit nbsp P J Joseph served as the first United Democratic Front Convener 1980 82 Period U D F Convener Political affiliation 1979 80 Nil 1980 82 P J Joseph Kerala Congress 1982 85 Oommen Chandy 20 Indian National Congress 1985 2001 K Sankaranarayanan 21 2001 04 Oommen Chandy 20 2004 18 P P Thankachan 22 23 2018 20 Benny Behanan 23 24 Incumbent M M Hassan 13 Legacy edit K Karunakaran edit nbsp Cochin International Airport The Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam was established by bifurcating University of Kerala during the period of 3rd Karunakaran ministry 1982 87 It was during the second U D F government Third Karunakaran ministry that the last two districts of Kerala namely Pathanamthitta and Kasaragod were inaugurated raising the total number of districts in Kerala to fourteen 25 During his third tenure as Chief Minister 1982 87 Karunakaran directly handled the Scheduled Castes Development 25 Kerala State Film Development Corporation was also introduced during the tenure of Karunakaran 25 Chief Minister Karunakaran was instrumental in several infrastructure projects in Kerala which includes the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in Kochi 26 and the Cochin International Airport both of which were sanctioned during his 1991 95 stint as the Chief Minister 27 Vallarpadam Terminal which later became the first transshipment terminal in India was other key project coined during the administration of Karunakaran 28 Other major infrastructure projects introduced during the terms of Karunakaran include the Goshree Bridges of Kochi Guruvayur Railway Line and Rajiv Gandhi Combined Cycle Power Plant at Kayamkulam 25 The first phase of Kollam Bypass was completed in 1993 citation needed A K Antony edit Antony administration was instrumental in the establishment of Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology at Thiruvananthapuram 29 The InfoPark at Kochi was established in the year 2004 30 It was also under his administration that the Kannur University was created by bifurcating the University of Calicut The University of Sanskrit was inaugurated in 1994 31 The Indian Institute of Management and the National Institute of Technology at Kozhikode were established in the years 1996 and 2002 respectively 32 The Akshaya Project was implemented in 2002 to expand digital literacy in Kerala 33 During his tenure as Chief Minister A K Antony introduced the Unemployment Allowance Festival Allowance for the Kerala state employees 34 During his tenure as Chief Minister A K Antony introduced the prohibition of arrack in Kerala 34 It was at Chief Minister Antony s behest that the decision to construct the new Kerala Legislature Complex was taken in 1977 34 He also ordered the closure of the Kerala Coca Cola plant in 2004 due to non availability of drinking water in the plant area 35 Oommen Chandy edit It was also during tenure of Oommen Chandy that 12 new taluks 28 new municipalities and Kannur Municipal Corporation were formed 36 37 It was the largest taluk delimitation in the state of Kerala after 1957 38 36 The Kerala Urban Road Transport Corporation KURTC was formed under KSRTC in 2015 to manage affairs related to urban transportation 39 nbsp Oommen Chandy in September 2015The Chandy ministry established new Government Medical Colleges in Kerala in 2013 after a gap of 31 years 40 41 The Karunya Scheme was implemented in the year 2011 12 for the free treatment of patients with cancer haemophilia kidney and heart diseases 42 43 A number of organ implantation surgeries were done through the Mruthasanjeevani Project 44 The Second Chandy ministry had also taken the decision to prohibit liquor in Kerala by discouraging bars 45 The number of political killings were relatively low 11 during the period 2011 16 in the state 46 Rubber subsidy to ensure a minimum price of Rs 150 kg was implemented in 2015 47 In 2005 Information Technology was made a compulsory subject for the school level students 48 Victers TV the children s television channel on EDUSAT for schools was inaugurated in 2005 49 The National University of Advanced Legal Studies at Kochi was founded in 2005 and the Indian Institute of Technology at Palakkad was established in the year 2015 The universities founded in 2011 16 period include the Malayalam University at Tirur 2012 and Technological University at Thiruvananthapuram 2014 50 51 52 The National Institute of Visual Science and Arts at Kottayam was inaugurated in January 2016 53 Kerala was declared as the first complete digital state of India on 27 February 2016 54 The Kerala Public Service Commission filled the vacant posts during 2011 16 55 As many as 167 096 job candidates were appointed setting a record 55 As many as 46 223 posts were created in the same period 55 The Phase 3 of the Technopark at Thiruvananthapuram was inaugurated in 2014 56 The Taurus Downtown at Technopark was commenced during the period 2011 16 56 The phase 2 of InfoPark Kochi was inaugurated in May 2015 57 Phase 2 of InfoPark Thrissur was completed during the same period 58 59 The Park Centre of Cybercity at Kozhikode was formally opened by IT Minister P K Kunhalikutty on 15 February 2014 60 61 UL Cyberpark at Kozhikode was inaugurated in January 2016 62 Chandy s regime was instrumental in beginning the construction of the Smart City Project 63 Chandy received the United Nation s Public Service Award for his Mass Contact Programme Jana Samparkka Paripadi 64 65 The government also sanctioned of Unemployment Allowance 20 Social welfare pension amounts and numbers were doubled during the second Chandy ministry 55 44 Old age pension amounts were also increased 55 Other social welfare measures during Chandy reign include free ration for those who lost their employment 65 Free rice was given to those who did not belong to Above Poverty Line APL 44 Food kits were distributed to the people during Onam the Eid and Christmas 44 Chandy government constructed more than 400 000 houses for the homeless people in Kerala 65 Chandy s regime was instrumental in beginning the construction of Kannur Airport 63 66 the Kochi Metro 63 67 66 and the Vizhinjam Port near Thiruvananthapuram 63 66 The Kochi Mangalore GAIL pipeline was commissioned by the second Chandy ministry in 2013 68 In 2015 the Cochin Airport became the world s first fully solar powered airport 69 70 During his period 227 road bridges worth nearly Rs 16 billion were built across Kerala 71 44 A number of state highways were constructed under Chandy government and the final decision to widen the national highways of the state to 45 m were taken in 2014 72 Several bypass roads were also constructed 44 Kerala Assembly Election results edit Vote share in consecutive Kerala Assembly elections 1982 48 25 1987 43 65 1991 44 84 1996 44 84 2001 49 05 2006 42 98 2011 45 83 2016 38 81 2021 39 47 Assembly election results 73 Election Alliance leader Seats won Change in seats Outcome 1980 K Karunakaran 46 140 New Opposition Government 1982 77 140 nbsp 31 Government 1987 61 140 nbsp 16 Opposition 1991 90 140 nbsp 29 Government 1996 A K Antony 59 140 nbsp 31 Opposition 2001 99 140 nbsp 40 Government 2006 Oommen Chandy 42 140 nbsp 57 Opposition 2011 72 140 nbsp 30 Government 2016 Ramesh Chennithala 47 140 nbsp 25 Opposition 2021 41 140 nbsp 6 Opposition Electoral history edit Mandate Seats secured Ruling coalition Majority LDF UDF Others 1980 93 46 1 LDF 47 1982 63 77 0 UDF 14 1987 78 61 1 LDF 17 1991 48 90 2 UDF 40 1996 80 59 1 LDF 21 2001 40 99 1 UDF 59 2006 98 42 0 LDF 56 2011 68 72 0 UDF 04 2016 91 47 2 LDF 44 2021 99 41 0 LDF 59 List of elected members edit State legislature edit nbsp Map of Kerala showing 2021 state Legislative Assembly election results The United Democratic Front currently has 41 members in the 140 member Kerala Legislative Assembly The alliance currently forms the Opposition in the Assembly Key Indian National Congress INC Indian Union Muslim League IUML Kerala Congress KEC Kerala Congress Jacob KC J Revolutionary Marxist Party of India RMPI Kerala Democratic Party KDP No Constituency Member Party Kasaragod district 1 Manjeshwaram A K M Ashraf IUML 2 Kasaragod N A Nellikkunnu IUML Kannur district 3 Irikkur Sajeev Joseph INC 4 Peravoor Sunny Joseph INC Wayanad district 5 Sulthan Bathery I C Balakrishnan INC 6 Kalpetta T Siddique INC Kozhikode district 7 Koduvally M K Muneer IUML 8 Vadakara K K Rema RMPI Malappuram district 9 Kondotty T V Ibrahim IUML 10 Eranad P K Basheer IUML 11 Wandoor A P Anil Kumar INC 12 Manjeri U A Latheef IUML 13 Perinthalmanna Najeeb Kanthapuram IUML 14 Mankada Manjalamkuzhi Ali IUML 15 Malappuram P Ubaidulla IUML 16 Vengara P K Kunhalikutty IUML 17 Vallikkunnu P Abdul Hameed IUML 18 Tirurangadi K P A Majeed IUML 19 Tirur Kurukkoli Moideen IUML 20 Kottakkal K K Abid Hussain Thangal IUML Palakkad district 21 Mannarkkad N Samsudheen IUML 22 Palakkad Shafi Parambil INC Thrissur district 23 Chalakudy T J Saneesh Kumar Joseph INC Ernakulam district 24 Perumbavoor Eldhose Kunnappilly INC 25 Angamaly Roji M John INC 26 Aluva Anwar Sadath INC 27 Paravur V D Satheesan INC 28 Thrippunithura K Babu INC 29 Ernakulam T J Vinod INC 30 Thrikkakara Uma Thomas INC 31 Piravom Anoop Jacob KC J 32 Muvattupuzha Mathew Kuzhalnadan INC Idukki district 33 Thodupuzha P J Joseph KEC Kottayam district 34 Pala Mani C Kappan Kerala Democratic Party 35 Kaduthuruthy Monce Joseph KEC 36 Kottayam Thiruvanchoor Radhakrishnan INC 37 Puthuppally Chandy Oommen INC Alappuzha district 38 Haripad Ramesh Chennithala INC Kollam district 39 Karunagappally C R Mahesh INC 40 Kundara P C Vishnunadh INC Thiruvananthapuram district 41 Kovalam M Vincent INC Lok Sabha edit nbsp Map of Kerala showing 2019 Indian general election results Out of the 20 Lok Sabha House of the People constituencies in Kerala 19 were won by the United Democratic Front in 2019 Lok Sabha election including Thomas Chazhikadan Kerala Congress Mani from Kottayam Later when the Kerala Congress Mani crossed floors to join Left Democratic Front 2020 the number of M P s reduced to 18 The following is the list of United Democratic Front Lok Sabha members from the state of Kerala Key INC IUML RSP No Parliamentary Constituency Member M P Party Affiliation 1 Kasaragod Rajmohan Unnithan INC 2 Kannur K Sudhakaran INC 3 Vatakara K Muraleedharan INC 4 Wayanad Rahul Gandhi INC 5 Kozhikode M K Raghavan INC 6 Malappuram M P Abdussamad Samadani IUML 7 Ponnani E T Muhammed Basheer IUML 8 Palakkad V K Sreekandan INC 9 Alathur Ramya Haridas INC 10 Thrissur T N Prathapan INC 11 Chalakudy Benny Behanan INC 12 Ernakulam Hibi Eden INC 13 Idukki Dean Kuriakose INC 14 Mavelikkara Kodikunnil Suresh INC 15 Pathanamthitta Anto Antony Punnathaniyil INC 16 Kollam N K Premachandran RSP 17 Attingal Adoor Prakash INC 18 Thiruvananthapuram Shashi Tharoor INC Rajya Sabha edit The following is the list of United Democratic Front Rajya Sabha members from the state of Kerala Key INC IUML No State Member M P Party Affiliation 1 Kerala Jebi Mather INC 2 P V Abdul Wahab IUML See also edit United Front 1970 79 Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee Indian National Congress United Progressive Alliance Left Democratic Front Indian Union Muslim League References edit a b c Heller Patrick 18 April 2020 A virus social democracy and dividends for Kerala The Hindu Retrieved 2 February 2021 UDF had a chance in Kerala Then Congress played a dangerous communal game 24 March 2021 New curriculum to teach masturbation homosexuality IUML leader Abdurahiman Randathani the Congress led UDF opposition contended in the Kerala assembly that the gender neutral views in the education policy will result in negation of religion and sexual anarchy CPI M opposes Kerala move to privatise drinking water scheme 30 March 2013 a b India s election results were more than a Modi wave Washington Post Retrieved 31 May 2019 The BJP s primary rival the centrist Indian National Congress Congress won only 52 seats A coloured scheme of things Election history of Kerala CEO Kerala Chief Election Officer Kerala PTI 23 December 2010 Who was K Karunakaran NDTV Retrieved 11 February 2021 a b Congress I leader Karunakaran sworn in as Kerala CM India Today Retrieved 19 May 2019 Isaac T M Thomas Kumar S Mohana 1991 Kerala Elections 1991 Lessons and Non Lessons Economic and Political Weekly 26 47 2691 2704 ISSN 0012 9976 JSTOR 4398338 Menon Girish 14 May 2001 LDF swept out in Kerala Retrieved 2 February 2021 Anantha Krishnan 13 May 2011 This story is from May 13 2011 Kerala assembly elections 2011 UDF wins by narrow margin Times of India Retrieved 2 February 2021 a b Chandran Cynthia 3 October 2020 MM Hassan takes charge as the UDF convener The New Indian Express As it happened TMC AIADMK retain power BJP takes Assam Left Kerala Hindustan Times 19 May 2016 Retrieved 11 August 2019 PTI 30 May 2016 Congress Elects Ramesh Chennithala As Leader Of Opposition In Kerala Assembly NDTV Retrieved 11 February 2021 ANI 3 May 2021 LDF retains power in Kerala winning 99 seats decimates UDF to 41 ANI Manoj C G 22 May 2021 Congress appoints V D Satheesan as Leader of Opposition in Kerala Indian Express Daily Keralakaumudi Wearing T P s badge K K Rema takes oath Will cooperate with opposition on issues where consensus could be built she says Keralakaumudi Daily Retrieved 24 May 2021 Chief Ministers of Kerala since 1957 Kerala Legislature a b c Chief Ministers Ministers and Leaders of Opposition of Kerala PDF Thiruvananthapuram Secratriat of Kerala Legislature 2018 p 32 Chief Ministers Ministers and Leaders of Opposition of Kerala PDF Thiruvananthapuram Secratriat of Kerala Legislature 2018 p 150 I am competent to continue as UDF convenor says P P Thankachan Mathrubhumi 3 June 2018 a b Special Currespondent 20 September 2018 Benny Behanan is UDF convener The Hindu Express News Service 27 September 2020 UDF convenor Benny Behanan steps down The New Indian Express a b c d Chief Ministers Ministers and Leaders of Opposition of Kerala PDF Thiruvananthapuram Secratriat of Kerala Legislature 2018 p 22 VIP Football Pavilion at Kaloor Stadium Named after K Karunakaran The New Indian Express Retrieved 24 November 2020 Karunakaran Pavilion The Times of India 14 July 2014 Retrieved 14 July 2014 DP World Kochi poised to grow its capacity Gulf News 8 February 2016 Retrieved 16 October 2017 Chief Ministers Ministers and Leaders of Opposition of Kerala PDF Thiruvananthapuram Secratriat of Kerala Legislature 2018 p 24 Kochi to turn into a job park The New Indian Express 19 January 2017 Madampat Shajahan 11 April 2019 The importance of IUML The Indian Express Archived from the original on 12 June 2020 Retrieved 12 June 2020 IIMK Growth History iimk ac in The first E literate district of India The Times of India 18 August 2004 Retrieved 3 July 2020 a b c Chief Ministers Ministers and Leaders of Opposition in Kerala Biographical Sketches and other data PDF Niyamasabha 26 February 2011 Retrieved 14 December 2011 Konikkara Aathira Nearly 15 years after Coca Cola plant shut down Plachimada s fight for Rs 216 crore in compensation continues The Caravan Retrieved 8 September 2020 a b 12 new taluks to be formed in Kerala The Hindu 21 March 2013 TNN 15 January 2015 Kannur to become corporation 28 new municipalities on anvil Times of India Devassy M K 1967 Census of India 1961 Kerala Census Atlas Directorate of Census Operations Kerala and Laccadive Islands Chandran 2018 p 422 A new government medical college in Kerala after 31 years The Hindu 2 September 2013 Special Currespondent 4 May 2019 MCI recognition for Manjeri medical college The Hindu Express News Service 2 April 2020 Karunya Benevolent Fund Scheme extended for one more year The New Indian Express Express News Service 4 October 2012 43 cochlear implant surgeries performed New Indian Express a b c d e f Webdesk 4 April 2021 മ ഖ യമന ത ര യ ട വ ല ല വ ള ഏറ റ ട ക ക ന ന വ കസനങ ങൾ എണ ണ പ പറഞ ഞ ഉമ മൻച ണ ട Malayalam Indian Express Philip Shaju 22 December 2014 Oommen Chandy Changes in liquor policy final Indian Express Oommen Chandy blames CPM for political killings Mathrbhumi 8 September 2020 Express News Service 27 August 2015 Subsidy for Rubber Fixed at Rs 150 kg The New Indian Express Express Web Desk 7 August 2017 Kerala s IT school project now a government company KITE CM Vijayan launches logo The Indian Express KITE Thunchath Ezhuthachan Malayalam University Ordinance 2012 PDF Kerala Gazette Government of Kerala Retrieved 4 November 2012 permanent dead link Kerala gifts Malayalis a university The Hindu 2 November 2012 Retrieved 3 November 2012 Jayakumar to take charge as Malayalam University VC The New Indian Express 1 November 2012 Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 3 November 2012 Press Information Bureau Remarks by Vice President of India Shri M Hamid Ansari at the inauguration of the KR Narayanan National Institute of Visual Sciences amp Arts at Kottayam Kerala Government of India Retrieved 12 January 2016 Special currespondent 28 February 2016 Kerala the first digital State The Hindu Retrieved 17 November 2020 a b c d e What the finance minister wouldn t tell you Onmanorama 23 July 2016 a b P K Krishnakumar 17 January 2014 Technopark becomes largest IT park in the country Economic Times ET Bureau 4 May 2015 Infopark second phase inaguration on May 6 Economic Times Reporter 14 January 2016 CM to inaugurate Koratty infopark The Hindu nfopark Koratty Phase II starts off with Indeevaram on January 21 Kerala IT News 14 January 2014 Cyberpark to place Kozhikode on IT map The Hindu 14 February 2014 Retrieved 16 February 2014 Now Cyberpark puts Kozhikode on the IT map The Times of India 16 February 2014 Retrieved 16 February 2014 Govind Biju 24 February 2016 UL CyberPark marks a first in IT sector The Hindu a b c d Congress kicks off poll campaign with Aiswarya Kerala yatra The News Minute Retrieved 24 November 2020 Kerala Chief Minister Oommen Chandy bags UN award for mass contact programme The Economic Times Retrieved 6 November 2020 a b c തലസ ഥ നത ത ഏറ റവ ക ട തല പര ഗണ ച ച മ ഖ യമന ത ര യ ര കണക ക കള പറയ ന ന അത ഉമ മന ച ണ ട www kaumudiplus com Retrieved 6 November 2020 a b c PTI 31 January 2021 Kerala Hitting out at misrule of LDF govt UDF launches state wide rally Hindutan Times Kochi Metro turns a glorious chapter today New Indian Express 7 September 2020 Philip Shaju 11 January 2021 Gas pipeline from Kochi to Mangaluru hurdles crossed and why it matters Indian Express Cochin International Airport set to become worlds s first fully solar powered major airport LiveMint 18 August 2015 Retrieved 5 March 2021 Menon Supriya 9 October 2015 How is the world s first solar powered airport faring BBC News BBC News Bbc com Retrieved 1 December 2016 Chandy challenges LDF to disclose list of bridges constructed during their tenure Mathrubhumi name 227 Bridges Retrieved 30 March 2021 Philip Shaju 24 October 2014 Kerala government finally decides to develop national highways at 45 meter width Indian Express History of Kerala Legislature kerala gov in Government of Kerala Chandran VP 2018 Mathrubhumi Yearbook Plus 2019 Malayalam ed Kozhikode P V Chandran Managing Editor Mathrubhumi Printing amp Publishing Company Limited Kozhikode Further reading edit Chief Ministers Ministers and Leaders of Opposition of Kerala PDF Thiruvananthapuram Secratriat of Kerala Legislature 2018 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title United Democratic Front Kerala amp oldid 1220003863, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.