Janata Dal
Janata Dal (“People’s Party”) was an Indian political party which was formed through the merger of Janata Party factions, the Lok Dal, Indian National Congress (Jagjivan), and the Jan Morcha united on 11 October 1988 on the birth anniversary of Jayaprakash Narayan under the leadership of V. P. Singh.[2][3]
Janata Dal | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | JD |
| Founder | V. P. Singh |
| Founded | 11 October 1988 |
| Dissolved | 1999 |
| Merger of | |
| Preceded by | Janata Party |
| Succeeded by | |
| National affiliation |
|
| Colours | Green |
History
V. P. Singh united the entire disparate spectrum of parties ranging from regional parties such as the Telugu Desam Party, the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, and the Asom Gana Parishad, together and formed the National Front with N. T. Rama Rao as Indian Election History President and V. P. Singh as convenor with outside support from the (Right-wing Political party) Bharatiya Janata Party and (Left-wing Political party) Communist Party of India, Communist Party of India (Marxist) led Left front. They defeated Rajiv Gandhi's Congress (I) in the 1989 parliamentary elections.[4][5] His government fell after Lalu Prasad Yadav, got Advani arrested in Samastipur and stopped his Ram Rath Yatra which was going to Ayodhya on the site of the Babri Masjid on October 23, 1990 and the Bharatiya Janata Party withdrew support. V. P. Singh lost a parliamentary vote of confidence on November 7, 1990.[6]In the 1991 Indian general election the Janata Dal lost power but emerged as the third largest party in Lok Sabha.[7] Janata Dal-led United Front formed the government after the 1996 Indian general election with the outside support of the Indian National Congress. But after this the Janata Dal gradually disintegrated into various smaller factions, largely regional parties Biju Janata Dal, Rashtriya Janata Dal, Janata Dal (Secular) and Janata Dal (United).[8]
Ascent to power
It first came to power in 1989, after allegations of corruption, known as the Bofors scandal, caused Rajiv Gandhi's Congress (I) to lose the elections. The National Front coalition that was formed consisted of the Janata Dal and a few smaller parties in the government, and had outside support from the Left Front and the Bharatiya Janata Party. V. P. Singh was the prime minister. In November 1990, this coalition collapsed, and a new government headed by Chandra Shekhar under Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) which had the support of the congress came to power for a short while. Two days before the vote, Chandra Shekhar, an ambitious Janata Dal rival who had been kept out of the National Front government, joined with Devi Lal, a former deputy prime minister under V. P. Singh, to form the Samajwadi Janata Party, with a total of just sixty Lok Sabha members. The day after the collapse of the National Front government, Chandra Shekhar informed the president that by gaining the backing of the Congress (I) and its electoral allies he enjoyed the support of 280 members of the Lok Sabha, and he demanded the right to constitute a new government. Even though his rump party accounted for only one-ninth of the members of the Lok Sabha, Chandra Shekhar succeeded in forming a new minority Government and becoming Prime Minister (with Devi Lal as deputy prime minister). However, Chandra Shekhar's government fell less than four months later, after the Congress (I) withdrew its support.
Its second spell of power began in 1996, when the Janata Dal-led United Front coalition came to power, with outside support from the congress under Sitaram Kesri, choosing H. D. Deve Gowda as their prime minister. The congress withdrew their support in less than a year, hoping to gain power with the support of various United Front constituent groups, and I. K. Gujral became the next prime minister. His government too fell in a few months, and in February 1998, the Janata Dal-led coalition lost power to the Bharatiya Janata Party.
List of prime ministers
| No. | Prime ministers | Year | Duration | Constituency | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Vishwanath Pratap Singh | 1989 – 1990 | 343 days | Fatehpur | |
| 2 | H. D. Deve Gowda | 1996 – 1997 | 324 days | — (Rajya Sabha MP) from Karnataka | |
| 3 | Inder Kumar Gujral | 1997 – 1998 | 332 days | — (Rajya Sabha MP) from Bihar |
| Year | Seats won | Votes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1989 Indian general election | 143 | 143 | 53,518,521 | 53,518,521 |
| 1991 Indian general election | 59 | 84 | 32,628,400 | 2,08,90,121 |
| 1996 Indian general election | 46 | 13 | 27,070,340 | 55,58,060 |
| 1998 Indian general election | 6 | 40 | 11,930,209 | 1,51,40,131 |
| Party Disintegrated | ||||
Vice President of India
Party Presidents
Sharad Yadav (1999)[10]
National Units
Thakur Ji Pathak (1989 – 1994) |Position = National General Secretary [11]
State Units
Uttar pradesh
Anantram Jaiswal (1983)
Karnataka
Presidents
B. Rachaiah (1989)[9]
Siddaramaiah (Feb 1999)[12]
C. Byre Gowda (July 1999)[10]
General Secretary
Jeevaraj Alva (1989-1990)[13][9]
C. Narayanaswamy (1999)[10]
Tamil Nadu
President
Janata Dal factions
Pro-National Democratic Alliance parties
- Jannayak Janata Party (JJP) led by Ajay Singh Chautala.
- Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party led by Pashupati Kumar Paras.
- Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular) led by Jitan Ram Manjhi.
- Samata Party of Late George Fernandes and now led by Uday Mandal.[14][15]
- Socialist Janata Dal led by V. V. Rajendran.
- Lok Aawaz Dal led by Shambhu Sharan Shrivastava.
Pro-United Progressive Alliance parties
- Indian Socialist Party led by Thampan Thomas.
- Janata Dal (United) led by Nitish Kumar.
- Rashtriya Janata Dal led by Lalu Prasad Yadav.
Non-NDA/UPA parties
- Biju Janata Dal led by Naveen Patnaik.
- Janata Dal (Secular) led by H. D. Deve Gowda.
- Samajwadi Party of Late Mulayam Singh Yadav and now led by Akhilesh Yadav.
- Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) led by Chirag Paswan.
- Indian National Lok Dal (INLD) led by Om Prakash Chautala.
- Rashtriya Lok Dal of Late Ajit Singh and now led by Jayant Chaudhary.
- Jan Adhikar Party Loktantrik led by Pappu Yadav.
- Garib Janta Dal (Secular) led by Sadhu Yadav.
- Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) of Late Chandra Shekhar and now led by Kamal Morarka.
- Loktantrik Samajwadi Party led by Raghu Thakur.
- Samajwadi Jan Parishad of Late Kishen Pattanayak and now led by Kamal Banerjee.
- Samajwadi Janata Dal Democratic led by Devendra Prasad Yadav.
- Odisha Jan Morcha of Late Pyarimohan Mohapatra.
- Samata Kranti Dal led by Braja Kishore Tripathy.
- Socialist Party (India) of Late Bhai Vaidya and Dr. Prem Singh.
- Akhil Bhartiya Socialist Party led by Harinarain Mishra.
- Bharatiya Sablog Party led by Arun Kumar.
Defunct parties
- Lok Janshakti Party of Late Ram Vilas Paswan and led by Chirag Paswan (split into the Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) led by Ram's son Chirag Paswan, and the Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party led by Ram's brother Pashupati Kumar Paras).
- Rashtriya Lok Samata Party led by Upendra Kushwaha (merged with Janata Dal United).
- Loktantrik Janata Dal led by Sharad Yadav (merged with Rashtriya Janata Dal).
- Socialist Janata Party led by Manju Mohan (merged with Socialist Party (India)).
- Samras Samaj Party led by Nagmani (merged with Rashtriya Lok Samata Party). [16]
- Socialist Janata (Democratic) Party led by M. P. Veerendra Kumar (merged with Janata Dal (United))[17][18]
- Jan Morcha of Late V. P. Singh and led by Ajeya Pratap Singh (merged with Indian National Congress)
- Odisha Gana Parishad led by Bijoy Mohapatra (merged with Nationalist Congress Party)
- All India Progressive Janata Dal led by Late Ramakrishna Hegde and Late S. R. Bommai (merged with Janata Dal (United))
- Janata Dal (Left) led by Late Surendra Mohan and M. P. Veerendra Kumar (merged with Janata Dal (Secular))
- Lok Shakti led by Late Ramakrishna Hegde (merged with Janata Dal (United))
- Pragatisheel Samajwadi Party (Lohiya) led by Shivpal Singh Yadav (merged with Samajwadi Party)
- Janata Dal (Gujarat) led by Late Chimanbhai Patel and Late Chhabildas Mehta (merged with Indian National Congress)
- Janata Dal (Digvijay) led by Digvijay Singh (merged with Bharatiya Janata Party)
- Janata Dal (Ajit) led by Ajit Singh (merged with Indian National Congress)
- Janata Dal (Socialist) led by Late Chandra Shekhar, Devi Lal, Mulayam Singh Yadav (renamed as Late Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya))
- Punjab Janata Morcha (PJM), in English the Punjab Popular Front, was a Sikh political party in the Indian state of Punjab. The party formed in 1989 as a splinter group of the Janata Dal. The party failed to win any election seats in its lifetime. Party president Kirpal Singh announced that the PJM was disbanded in 1997. Most members joined the Jan Morcha by 2003.[19]
See also
References
- ^ , archived from the original on 2022-02-15, retrieved 2022-02-15
- ^ N. Jose Chander (1 January 2004). Coalition Politics: The Indian Experience. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 35–. ISBN 978-81-8069-092-1. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
- ^ India Since Independence: Making Sense of Indian Politics. Pearson Education India. 2010. pp. 334–. ISBN 978-81-317-2567-2. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
- ^ "V. P. Singh, a Leader of India Who Defended Poor, Dies at 77". New York Times. 29 November 2008. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
- ^ Indian Parliamentary Democracy. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. 2003. pp. 124–. ISBN 978-81-269-0193-7. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
- ^ "India's Cabinet Falls as Premier Loses Confidence Vote, by 142-346, and Quits". New York Times. 8 November 1990. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
- ^ "India Parliamentary Chamber: Lok Sabha Elections Held in 1991". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
- ^ "Lalu green signal for Janata Parivar unity". Madan Kumar. The Times of India. 5 April 2015. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
- ^ a b c Rajghatta, Chidanand; March 31, 1989. "Karnataka unit Janata Dal gets a president". India Today. Retrieved 2021-08-22.
- ^ a b c Menon, Parvathi. "The fallout in Karnataka". Frontline. Retrieved 2021-12-13.
- ^ "india-today". indiatoday.com.
- ^ "Rediff On The NeT: Spectre of split returns to haunt JD". inwww.rediff.com. Retrieved 2021-12-13.
- ^ Raj Chengappa (September 15, 1988). "Karnataka's new CM S.R. Bommai inherits a troubled legacy". India Today. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
- ^ "Samata Party to move Delhi HC against Thackeray faction's 'flaming torch'". Hindustan Times. 2022-10-14. Retrieved 2022-11-26.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 2022-01-26. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
- ^ "Samras Samaj Party merges into RLSP". News.webindia123.com. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
- ^ "Nitish Kumar hails SJD's merger with JD-U in Kerala : South, News - India Today". Indiatoday.intoday.in. 2014-12-29. Retrieved 2017-03-12.
- ^ "SJD Merges with Sharad Yadav's Janata Dal (United)". The New Indian Express. 2014-12-29. Retrieved 2017-03-12.
- ^ "From Lucknow to Delhi, parties that died with their founders". The Indian Express. 24 December 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 2022-02-15. Retrieved 2022-04-25.