Intel Core

For the 32-bit Intel Core Solo/Duo CPUs, see Yonah (microprocessor).

Intel Core is a line of multi-core (with the exception of Core Solo and Core 2 Solo) central processing units (CPUs) for midrange, embedded, workstation and enthusiast computer markets marketed by Intel Corporation. These processors displaced the existing mid- to high-end Pentium processors at the time of their introduction, moving the Pentium to the entry level. Identical or more capable versions of Core processors are also sold as Xeon processors for the server and workstation markets.

Intel Core

Logo since 2023
General information
Launched	January 2006; 18 years ago (2006-01)
Marketed by	Intel
Designed by	Intel
Common manufacturer(s)	Intel TSMC
Performance
Max. CPU clock rate	400 MHz to 6.2 GHz
FSB speeds	533 MT/s to 1.6 GT/s
QPI speeds	4.8 GT/s to 6.4 GT/s
DMI speeds	2.0 GT/s to 16 GT/s
Data width	Up to 64 bits
Address width	Up to 64 bits
Virtual address width	Up to 57 bits
Cache
L1 cache	Up to 112 KB per P-core 96 KB per E-core or LP E-core
L2 cache	Core and Core 2: Up to 12 MB Nehalem-present: Up to 2 MB per P-core and up to 3 MB per E-core cluster
L3 cache	Up to 36 MB
Architecture and classification
Technology node	65 nm to Intel 4 and TSMC N5
Microarchitecture	Core Nehalem Westmere Sandy Bridge Ivy Bridge Haswell Broadwell Skylake Sunny Cove Willow Cove Cypress Cove Golden Cove Raptor Cove Gracemont Redwood Cove Crestmont
Instruction set	x86-64
Instructions	MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4.1, SSE4.2, AVX, AVX2, AVX-512, TSX, AES-NI, FMA3, AVX-VNNI
Extensions	EIST, TXT, VT-x, VT-d, SHA, SGX
Physical specifications
Cores	P-cores: 2–10 E-cores: 4–16 Total: 1-24
GPU(s)	Intel Graphics Technology
Socket(s)	LGA 775 LGA 1156 LGA 1155 LGA 1150 LGA 1151 LGA 1151v2 LGA 1200 LGA 1700 LGA 1851
Products, models, variants
Brand name(s)	Core Core 2 Core i3 (2010–2023)/Core 3 (2023–present) Core i5 (2009–2023)/Core 5 (2023–present) Core i7 (2008–2023)/Core 7 (2023–present) Core i9 (2017–2023)/Core 9 (2023–present)
Variant(s)	Intel Processor (budget CPUs)
History
Predecessor(s)	Pentium

The most recent flagship model, the Intel Core i9-14900K

The lineup of Core processors includes the Core i3, Core i5, Core i7, and Core i9.^[1]

In 2023, Intel announced that it would drop the "i" moniker from their processor branding, making it "Core 3/5/7/9". The company would introduce the "Ultra" branding for high-end processors as well.^[2]

Overview

Although Intel Core is a brand that promises no internal consistency or continuity, the processors within this family have been, for the most part, broadly similar.

The first products receiving this designation were the Core Solo and Core Duo Yonah processors for mobile from the Pentium M design tree, fabricated at 65 nm and brought to market in January 2006. These are substantially different in design than the rest of the Intel Core product group, having derived from the Pentium Pro lineage that predated Pentium 4.

The first Intel Core desktop processor—and typical family member—came from the Conroe iteration, a 65 nm dual-core design brought to market in July 2006, based on the Intel Core microarchitecture with substantial enhancements in micro-architectural efficiency and performance, outperforming Pentium 4 across the board (or near to it), while operating at drastically lower clock rates. Maintaining high instructions per cycle (IPC) on a deeply pipelined and resourced out-of-order execution engine has remained a constant fixture of the Intel Core product group ever since.

The new substantial bump in microarchitecture came with the introduction of the 45 nm Bloomfield desktop processor in November 2008 on the Nehalem architecture, whose main advantage came from redesigned I/O and memory systems featuring the new Intel QuickPath Interconnect and an integrated memory controller supporting up to three channels of DDR3 memory.

Subsequent performance improvements have tended toward making additions rather than profound changes, such as adding the Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX) instruction set extensions to Sandy Bridge, first released on 32 nm in January 2011. Time has also brought improved support for virtualization and a trend toward higher levels of system integration and management functionality (and along with that, increased performance) through the ongoing evolution of facilities such as Intel Active Management Technology (iAMT).

Since 2019, the Core brand has been based on four product lines, consisting of the entry level i3, the mainstream i5, the high-end i7, and the "enthusiast" i9. In 2023, Intel announced that it would drop the "i" moniker from their processor branding, making it "Core 3/5/7/9". The company would introduce the "Ultra" branding for high-end processors as well.^[2]

Comparison of Intel Core microarchitectures

Microarchitecture				Core		Nehalem	Sandy Bridge	Haswell	Broadwell	Skylake	Sunny Cove^[a]	Willow Cove	Golden Cove	Raptor Cove
Microarchitecture variants				Merom	Penryn	Westmere	Ivy Bridge			Kaby Lake Coffee Lake Comet Lake	Ice Lake Rocket Lake	Tiger Lake	Alder Lake Sapphire Rapids	Raptor Lake Emerald Rapids
Generation (Core i)				-	-	1st	2nd/3rd	4th	5th/6th	6th/7th/8th/9th	10th/11th	11th	12th	13th/14th
Year of inception				2006	2007	2010	2011	2013	2014	2015	2019	2020	2021	2022
Fabrication process (nm)				65	45		32/22	22	14	14+/14++/14+++	10	10SF	10ESF
Cache	μop			—			1.5K μops^[3]				2.25K μops		4K μops
	L1	Data	Size	32 KB/core							48 KB/core
			Ways	8 way							12 way
			Latency	3		4					3/5	?	5
		Instruction	Size	32 KB/core
			ways	8 way^[4]		4 way	8 way				?	?	8 way
			Latency	3			?	?	?	4	5	?	?
		TLB		?	?	142	144^[5]	?	?	?	?	?	?
	L2		Size	2-3 MB/core		256 KB					512 KB	1.25 MB	2 MB^[b]	2 MB
			ways	8 way					4 way	8 way	20 way	10 way
			Latency	?	?	?	12				13	?	14
			TLB	?	?	?	?	1024	?	1536	2048	?	?
	L3		Size			2 MB						3 MB
			ways			16 way						12 way^[6]
			Latency			?	?	?	?	26-37^[3]	30-36^[3]	43^[7]	74
	L4		Size	None				0–128 MB			None	?	?
			ways					?	16^[8]	?		?	?
			Latency					?	?	?		?	?
			Type					GPU Memory only		cache		?	?
Hyper-threading				No		Yes
OoOE window				96^[9]		128^[10]	168	192		224^[11]	352	?	512^[12]
In-flight			Load	?	?	48	64	72			128	?	192
			Store	?	?	32	36	42		56	72	?	114
Scheduler			Entries	32		36	54	60	64	97	160^[13]	?	?
			Dispatch	?	?	?	?	?	?	8 way	10 way	?	?
Register file			Integer	?	?	?	160	168		?	280^[12]	?	280^[12]
			Floating-point	?	?	?	144	168		?	224^[12]	?	332^[12]
Queue			Instruction	?	?	18/thread	20/thread	20/thread	25/thread	?	?	?	?
			Allocation	?	?	28/thread^[c]		56		64/thread	?	?	?
Decode				?	?	?	?	?	?	4 + 1		?	6
Execution Ports			Numbers	?	?	6^[14]		8^[15]		8^[16]	10	?	12
			Port 0			Integer FP Mul Branch	Integer FP Mul Branch	?	?	?	?	?	?
			Port 1	?	?	Integer FP Mul	Integer FP Mul	?	?	?	?	?	?
			Port 2	?	?	Load Address	Load Store Address	?	?	?	?	?	?
			Port 3	?	?	Store Address	Store Load Address	?	?	?	?	?	?
			Port 4	?	?	Store Data	Store Data	?	?	?	?	?	?
			Port 5	?	?	Integer	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
			Port 6	—^[15]				Integer Branch		?	?	?	?
			Port 7					Store Address		?	?	?	?
AGUs				?	?	?	?	?	?	2 + 1	2 + 2	?	?
Instructions			SSE2	Yes
			SSE3	Yes
			SSE4	—	Yes
			AVX	—			Yes
			AVX2	—				Yes
			FMA	—				Yes
			AVX512	—						Yes/No	Yes		Yes/No
μArchitecture				Merom	Penryn	Nehalem	Sandy Bridge	Haswell	Broadwell	Skylake	Ice Lake	Tiger Lake	Alder Lake	Raptor Lake

1. Rocket Lake based on Cypress Cove is a CPU microarchitecture, a variant of Sunny Cove microarchitecture designed for 10 nm, backported to 14 nm.
2. 1.25 MB in client
3. 56 unified in Ivy Bridge

Overview of Intel Core microarchitectures

Brand	Desktop				Mobile
	Codename	Cores	Process	Date released	Codename	Cores	Process	Date released
Core Solo	Desktop version not available				Yonah	1	65 nm	January 2006
Core Duo					Yonah	2
Core 2 Solo					Merom-L Penryn-L	1 1	65 nm 45 nm	September 2007 May 2008
Core 2 Duo	Conroe Allendale Wolfdale	2 2 2	65 nm 65 nm 45 nm	August 2006 January 2007 January 2008	Merom Penryn	2 2	65 nm 45 nm	July 2006 January 2008
Core 2 Quad	Kentsfield Yorkfield	4 4	65 nm 45 nm	January 2007 March 2008	Penryn QC	4	45 nm	August 2008
Core 2 Extreme	Conroe XE Kentsfield XE Yorkfield XE	2 4 4	65 nm 65 nm 45 nm	July 2006 November 2006 November 2007	Merom XE Penryn XE Penryn QC XE	2 2 4	65 nm 45 nm 45 nm	July 2007 January 2008 August 2008
Core M	Desktop version not available				Broadwell	2	14 nm	September 2014^[17]
Core m3					Skylake Kaby Lake Kaby Lake Amber Lake	2 2 2 2	14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm	August 2015 September 2016 April 2017 August 2018
Core m5					Skylake	2	14 nm	August 2015
Core m7					Skylake	2	14 nm	August 2015
Core i3	Clarkdale Sandy Bridge Ivy Bridge Haswell Skylake Kaby Lake Coffee Lake Coffee Lake Comet Lake Alder Lake	2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4	32 nm 32 nm 22 nm 22 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 10 nm	January 2010 February 2011 September 2012 September 2013 September 2015 January 2017 October 2017 Jan. & April 2019 April 2020 January 2022	Arrandale Sandy Bridge Ivy Bridge Haswell Broadwell Skylake Kaby Lake Skylake Kaby Lake Coffee Lake Cannon Lake Coffee Lake Whiskey Lake Ice Lake Comet Lake Tiger Lake (initial and B) Alder Lake	2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 2-4 6-10	32 nm 32 nm 22 nm 22 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 10 nm 14 nm 14 nm 10 nm 14 nm 10 nm 10 nm	January 2010 February 2011 June 2012 June 2013 January 2015 Sept. 2015 & June 2016 August 2016 November 2016 Jan. & June 2017 April 2018 May 2018 July 2018 August 2018 May & Aug. 2019 September 2019 Sept. 2020, Jan. - May 2021 January 2022
Core i5	Lynnfield Clarkdale Sandy Bridge Sandy Bridge Ivy Bridge Haswell Broadwell Skylake Kaby Lake Coffee Lake Coffee Lake Comet Lake Rocket Lake Alder Lake	4 2 4 2 2-4 2-4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6-10	45 nm 32 nm 32 nm 32 nm 22 nm 22 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 10 nm	September 2009 January 2010 January 2011 February 2011 April 2012 June 2013 June 2015 September 2015 January 2017 October 2017 Oct. 2018 & Jan. 2019 April 2020 March 2021 Nov. 2021 & Jan. 2022	Arrandale Sandy Bridge Ivy Bridge Haswell Broadwell Skylake Kaby Lake Kaby Lake Kaby Lake-R Coffee Lake Amber Lake Whiskey Lake Ice Lake Comet Lake Comet Lake-H Tiger Lake Tiger Lake-H/B Alder Lake Alder Lake-H/HX	2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4-6 10-12 8-12	32 nm 32 nm 22 nm 22 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 10 nm 14 nm 14 nm 10 nm 10 nm 10 nm 10 nm	January 2010 February 2011 May 2012 June 2013 January 2015 September 2015 August 2016 January 2017 October 2017 April 2018 Aug. 2018 & Oct. 2018 Aug. 2018 & April 2019 May & Aug. 2019 September 2019 April 2020 Sept. 2020 - May 2021 January - September 2021 January 2022 January & May 2022
Core i7	Bloomfield Lynnfield Gulftown Sandy Bridge Sandy Bridge-E Sandy Bridge-E Ivy Bridge Haswell Ivy Bridge-E Broadwell Skylake Kaby Lake Coffee Lake Coffee Lake Comet Lake Rocket Lake Alder Lake	4 4 6 4 6 4 4 4 4-6 4 4 4 6 8 8 8 12	45 nm 45 nm 32 nm 32 nm 32 nm 32 nm 22 nm 22 nm 22 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 10 nm	November 2008 September 2009 July 2010 January 2011 November 2011 February 2012 April 2012 June 2013 September 2013 June 2015 August 2015 January 2017 October 2017 October 2018 April 2020 March 2021 Nov. 2021 & Jan. 2022	Clarksfield Arrandale Sandy Bridge Sandy Bridge Ivy Bridge Haswell Broadwell Broadwell Skylake Kaby Lake Kaby Lake Coffee Lake Amber Lake Whiskey Lake Ice Lake Comet Lake Comet Lake-H Tiger Lake Tiger Lake-H/B Alder Lake Alder Lake-H/HX	4 2 4 2 2-4 2-4 2 4 2-4 2 4 4-6 2 4 4 4-6 6-8 4 4-8 10-14 10-16	45 nm 32 nm 32 nm 32 nm 22 nm 22 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 10 nm 14 nm 14 nm 10 nm 10 nm 10 nm 10 nm	September 2009 January 2010 January 2011 February 2011 May 2012 June 2013 January 2015 June 2015 September 2015 August 2016 January 2017 April 2018 August 2018 Aug. 2018 & April 2019 May & Aug. 2019 September 2019 April 2020 September 2020 January - September 2021 January 2022 January & May 2022
Core i7 Extreme	Bloomfield Gulftown Sandy Bridge-E Ivy Bridge-E Haswell-E Broadwell-E Skylake-X Kaby Lake-X	4 6 6 6 8 10 6-8 4	45 nm 32 nm 32 nm 22 nm 22 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm	November 2008 March 2010 November 2011 September 2013 August 2014 May 2016 June 2017 June 2017	Clarksfield Sandy Bridge Ivy Bridge Haswell	4 4 4 4	45 nm 32 nm 22 nm 22 nm	September 2009 January 2011 May 2012 June 2013
Core i9	Skylake-X Skylake-X Cascade Lake-X Coffee Lake Comet Lake Rocket Lake Alder Lake Raptor Lake	10 12 14-18 8 10 8 16 24	14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm Intel 7 Intel 7	June 2017 August 2017 September 2017 October 2018 April 2020 March 2021 Nov. 2021 & Jan. 2022 Oct. 2022 & Jan. 2023	Coffee Lake-H Comet Lake-H Tiger Lake-H Alder Lake-H/HX Raptor Lake-H/HX	6 8 8 14-16 14-24	14 nm 14 nm 10 nm Intel 7 Intel 7	April 2018 April 2020 May 2021 January & May 2022 January 2023
List of Intel Core processors • List of Intel Core 2 processors • List of Intel Core M processors • List of Intel Core i3 processors • List of Intel Core i5 processors • List of Intel Core i7 processors • List of Intel Core i9 processors

Intel Core sub-brand logos, from 2020 (coinciding with the release of its 11th generation) to 2023

•  
  Intel Core i3 logo
•  
  Intel Core i5 logo
•  
  Intel Core i7 logo
•  
  Intel Core i9 logo

The shade of blue in each logo gets progressively darker, the more advanced the sub-brand is.

History

Core

Main article: Enhanced Pentium M (microarchitecture)

For details about the processor core, see Yonah (microprocessor).

The original Core brand refers to Intel's 32-bit mobile dual-core x86 CPUs, which derived from the Pentium M branded processors. The processor family used an enhanced version of the Intel P6 microarchitecture. It emerged in parallel with the NetBurst microarchitecture (Intel P68) of the Pentium 4 brand, and was a precursor of the 64-bit Core microarchitecture of Core 2 branded CPUs. The Core brand had two branches: the Duo (dual-core) and Solo (Duo with one disabled core, which replaced the Pentium M brand of single-core mobile processor). Intel launched the Core brand on January 6, 2006, with the release of the 32-bit Yonah CPU – Intel's first dual-core mobile (low-power) processor. Its dual-core layout closely resembled two interconnected Pentium M branded CPUs packaged as a single die (piece) silicon chip (IC). Hence, the 32-bit microarchitecture of Core branded CPUs – contrary to its name – had more in common with Pentium M branded CPUs than with the subsequent 64-bit Core microarchitecture of Core 2 branded CPUs. Despite a major rebranding effort starting January 2006, some companies continued to market computers with the Yonah core marked as Pentium M. The Core series is also the first Intel processor used as the main CPU in an Apple Macintosh computer. The Core Duo was the CPU for the first generation MacBook Pro, while the Core Solo appeared in Apple's Mac Mini line. Core Duo signified the beginning of Apple's shift to Intel processors across the entire Mac line. In 2007, Intel began branding the Yonah core CPUs intended for mainstream mobile computers as Pentium Dual-Core, not to be confused with the desktop 64-bit Core microarchitecture CPUs also branded as Pentium Dual-Core. September 2007 and January 4, 2008, marked the discontinuation of a number of Core branded CPUs including several Core Solo, Core Duo, Celeron and one Core 2 Quad chip.^[18][19]

Intel Core Solo^[20] uses the same two-core die as the Core Duo, but features only one active core. Depending on demand, Intel may also simply disable one of the cores to sell the chip at the Core Solo price—this requires less effort than launching and maintaining a separate line of CPUs that physically only have one core. Intel had used the same strategy previously with the 486 CPU in which early 486SX CPUs were in fact manufactured as 486DX CPUs but with the FPU disabled. Intel Core Duo^[21] consists of two cores on one die, a 2 MB L2 cache shared by both cores, and an arbiter bus that controls both L2 cache and FSB (front-side bus) access.

Model	Clock rate	L2 cache	FSB	Mult.	Voltage	TDP	Socket	Release date	Release price (USD)
Core Solo U1300	1.07 GHz	2 MB	533 MT/s	8×	0.95–1.05 V	5.5 W	Socket 479/FC-µBGA	April 2006	$241
Core Solo U1400	1.2 GHz	2 MB	533 MT/s	9×	0.95–1.05 V	5.5 W	Socket 479/FC-µBGA	April 2006	$262
Core Solo U1500	1.33 GHz	2 MB	533 MT/s	10×	0.85–1.1 V	5.5 W	Socket 479/FC-µBGA	January 2007	$262
Core Duo U2400	1.07 GHz	2 MB	533 MT/s	8×	0.8–1.1 V	9 W	Socket 479/FC-µBGA	June 2006	$262
Core Duo U2500	1.2 GHz	2 MB	533 MT/s	9×	0.8–1.1 V	9 W	Socket 479/FC-µBGA	June 2006	$289
Core Duo L2300	1.5 GHz	2 MB	667 MT/s	9×	0.762–1.212 V	15 W	Socket 479/FC-µBGA	January 2006	$284
Core Duo L2400	1.67 GHz	2 MB	667 MT/s	10×	0.762–1.212 V	15 W	Socket 479/FC-µBGA	January 2006	$316
Core Duo L2500	1.83 GHz	2 MB	667 MT/s	11×	0.762–1.212 V	15 W	Socket 479/FC-µBGA	September 2006	$316
Core Solo T1200	1.5 GHz	2 MB	667 MT/s	9×	0.7625–1.3 V	27 W	Socket M	July 2006
Core Solo T1250	1.73 GHz	2 MB	533 MT/s	13×	0.7625–1.3 V	31 W	Socket M
Core Solo T1300	1.67 GHz	2 MB	667 MT/s	10×	0.7625–1.3 V	27 W	Socket 479/FC-µBGA Socket 479/FC-µBGA Socket M Socket M	January 2006	$209
Core Solo T1350	1.87 GHz	2 MB	533 MT/s	14×	0.7625–1.3 V	31 W	Socket M	July 2006
Core Solo T1400	1.83 GHz	2 MB	667 MT/s	11×	0.7625–1.3 V	27 W	Socket 479/FC-µBGA Socket 479/FC-µBGA Socket M Socket M	May 2006	$209
Core Solo T1500	2 GHz	2 MB	667 MT/s	12×	0.7625–1.3 V	27 W	Socket 479/FC-µBGA Socket M	August 2006
Core Duo T2050	1.6 GHz	2 MB	533 MT/s	12×	0.762–1.3 V	31 W	Socket M	May 2006	$140
Core Duo T2250	1.73 GHz	2 MB	533 MT/s	13×	0.762–1.3 V	31 W	Socket M	May 2006	OEM
Core Duo T2300	1.67 GHz	2 MB	667 MT/s	10×	0.762–1.3 V	31 W	Socket M Socket M Socket 479/FC-µBGA Socket 479/FC-µBGA	January 2006	$241
Core Duo T2300E	1.67 GHz	2 MB	667 MT/s	10×	0.762–1.3 V	31 W	Socket M Socket M µFCBGA-479 µFCBGA-479	May 2006	$209
Core Duo T2350	1.87 GHz	2 MB	533 MT/s	14×	0.762–1.3 V	31 W	Socket M		OEM
Core Duo T2400	1.83 GHz	2 MB	667 MT/s	11×	0.762–1.3 V	31 W 31 W 27 W 27 W	Socket M Socket M Socket 479/FC-µBGA Socket 479/FC-µBGA	January 2006	$294
Core Duo T2450	2 GHz	2 MB	533 MT/s	15×	0.762–1.3 V	31 W	Socket M		OEM
Core Duo T2500	2 GHz	2 MB	667 MT/s	12×	0.762–1.3 V	31 W	Socket M Socket M Socket 479/FC-µBGA Socket 479/FC-µBGA	January 2006	$423
Core Duo T2600	2.17 GHz	2 MB	667 MT/s	13×	0.762–1.3 V	31 W	Socket M Socket M Socket 479/FC-µBGA Socket 479/FC-µBGA	January 2006	$637
Core Duo T2700	2.33 GHz	2 MB	667 MT/s	14×	0.762–1.3 V	31 W	Socket M Socket 479/FC-µBGA	June 2006	$637

Core 2

Main article: Intel Core (microarchitecture)

The successor to Core is the mobile version of the Intel Core 2 line of processors using cores based upon the Intel Core microarchitecture,^[22] released on July 27, 2006. The release of the mobile version of Intel Core 2 marks the reunification of Intel's desktop and mobile product lines as Core 2 processors were released for desktops and notebooks, unlike the first Intel Core CPUs that were targeted only for notebooks (although some small form factor and all-in-one desktops, like the iMac and the Mac Mini, also used Core processors).

Unlike the original Core, Intel Core 2 is a 64-bit processor, supporting Intel Extended Memory 64 Technology (EM64T). Another difference between the original Core Duo and the new Core 2 Duo is an increase in the amount of level 2 cache. The new Core 2 Duo has tripled the amount of on-board cache to 6 MB. Core 2 also introduced a quad-core performance variant to the single- and dual-core chips, branded Core 2 Quad, as well as an enthusiast variant, Core 2 Extreme. All three chips are manufactured at a 65 nm lithography, and in 2008, a 45 nm lithography and support front side bus speeds ranging from 533 MT/s to 1.6 GT/s. In addition, the 45 nm die shrink of the Core microarchitecture adds SSE4.1 support to all Core 2 microprocessors manufactured at a 45 nm lithography, therefore increasing the calculation rate of the processors.

Core 2 Solo

The Core 2 Solo,^[23] introduced in September 2007, is the successor to the Core Solo and is available only as an ultra-low-power mobile processor with 5.5 Watt thermal design power. The original U2xxx series "Merom-L" used a special version of the Merom chip with CPUID number 10661 (model 22, stepping A1) that only had a single core and was also used in some Celeron processors. The later SU3xxx are part of Intel's CULV range of processors in a smaller μFC-BGA 956 package but contain the same Penryn chip as the dual-core variants, with one of the cores disabled during manufacturing.

Codename	Brand name (list)	L2 cache	Socket	TDP
Merom-L	Mobile Core 2 Solo U2xxx	1 MB	FCBGA	5.5 W
Penryn-L	Mobile Core 2 Solo SU3xxx	3 MB	BGA956	5.5 W

Core 2 Duo

 

Inside of a Sony VAIO laptop (VGN-C140G)

The majority of the desktop and mobile Core 2 processor variants are Core 2 Duo^[24][25] with two processor cores on a single Merom, Conroe, Allendale, Penryn, or Wolfdale chip. These come in a wide range of performance and power consumption, starting with the relatively slow ultra-low-power Uxxxx (10 W) and low-power Lxxxx (17 W) versions, to the more performance oriented Pxxxx (25 W) and Txxxx (35 W) mobile versions and the Exxxx (65 W) desktop models. The mobile Core 2 Duo processors with an 'S' prefix in the name are produced in a smaller μFC-BGA 956 package, which allows building more compact laptops.

Within each line, a higher number usually refers to a better performance, which depends largely on core and front-side bus clock frequency and amount of second level cache, which are model-specific. Core 2 Duo processors typically use the full L2 cache of 2, 3, 4, or 6 MB available in the specific stepping of the chip, while versions with the amount of cache reduced during manufacturing are sold for the low-end consumer market as Celeron or Pentium Dual-Core processors. Like those processors, some low-end Core 2 Duo models disable features such as Intel Virtualization Technology.

Codename	Brand name (list)	L2 cache	Socket	TDP
Merom	Mobile Core 2 Duo U7xxx	2 MB	BGA479	10 W
	Mobile Core 2 Duo L7xxx	4 MB		17 W
	Mobile Core 2 Duo T5xxx	2 MB	Socket M Socket P BGA479	35 W
	Mobile Core 2 Duo T7xxx	2–4 MB
Conroe and Allendale	Core 2 Duo E4xxx	2 MB	LGA 775	65 W
	Core 2 Duo E6xxx	2–4 MB
Penryn	Mobile Core 2 Duo SU7xxx	3 MB	BGA956	10 W
	Mobile Core 2 Duo SU9xxx
	Mobile Core 2 Duo SL9xxx	6 MB		17 W
	Mobile Core 2 Duo SP9xxx			25 W
	Mobile Core 2 Duo P7xxx	3 MB	Socket P FCBGA6	25 W
	Mobile Core 2 Duo P8xxx
	Mobile Core 2 Duo P9xxx	6 MB
	Mobile Core 2 Duo T6xxx	2 MB		35 W
	Mobile Core 2 Duo T8xxx	3 MB
	Mobile Core 2 Duo T9xxx	6 MB
	Mobile Core 2 Duo E8xxx	6 MB	Socket P	35–55 W
Wolfdale	Core 2 Duo E7xxx	3 MB	LGA 775	65 W
	Core 2 Duo E8xxx	6 MB

Core 2 Quad

Core 2 Quad^[26][27] processors are multi-chip modules consisting of two dies similar to those used in Core 2 Duo, forming a quad-core processor. This allows twice the performance of a dual-core processors at the same clock frequency in ideal conditions.

Initially, all Core 2 Quad models were versions of Core 2 Duo desktop processors, Kentsfield derived from Conroe and Yorkfield from Wolfdale, but later Penryn-QC was added as a high-end version of the mobile dual-core Penryn.

The Xeon 32xx and 33xx processors are mostly identical versions of the desktop Core 2 Quad processors and can be used interchangeably.

Codename	Brand name (list)	L2 cache	Socket	TDP
Kentsfield	Core 2 Quad Q6xxx	2×4 MB	LGA 775	95–105 W
Yorkfield	Core 2 Quad Q8xxx	2×2 MB		65–95 W
	Core 2 Quad Q9xxx	2×3–2×6 MB
Penryn-QC	Mobile Core 2 Quad Q9xxx	2×3–2×6 MB	Socket P	45 W

Core 2 Extreme

Core 2 Extreme processors^[28][29] are enthusiast versions of Core 2 Duo and Core 2 Quad processors, usually with a higher clock frequency and an unlocked clock multiplier, which makes them especially attractive for overclocking. This is similar to earlier Pentium D processors labeled as Extreme Edition. Core 2 Extreme processors were released at a much higher price than their regular version, often $999 or more.

Codename	Brand name (list)	L2 cache	Socket	TDP
Merom XE	Mobile Core 2 Extreme X7xxx	4 MB	Socket P	44 W
Conroe XE	Core 2 Extreme X6xxx	4 MB	LGA 775	75 W
Kentsfield	Core 2 Extreme QX6xxx	2×4 MB	LGA 775	130 W
Penryn XE	Mobile Core 2 Extreme X9xxx	6 MB	Socket P	44 W
Penryn-QC XE	Mobile Core 2 Extreme QX9xxx	2×6 MB	Socket P	45 W
Yorkfield	Core 2 Extreme QX9xxx	2×6 MB	LGA 775 / LGA 771	130–150 W

1st generation

Main article: Nehalem (microarchitecture)

With the release of the Nehalem microarchitecture in November 2008,^[30] Intel introduced a new naming scheme for its Core processors. There are three variants, Core i3, Core i5 and Core i7, but the names no longer correspond to specific technical features like the number of cores. Instead, the brand is now divided from low-level (i3), through mid-range (i5) to high-end performance (i7),^[31] which correspond to three, four and five stars in Intel's Intel Processor Rating^[32] following on from the entry-level Celeron (one star) and Pentium (two stars) processors.^[33] Common features of all Nehalem based processors include an integrated DDR3 memory controller as well as QuickPath Interconnect or PCI Express and Direct Media Interface on the processor replacing the aging quad-pumped Front Side Bus used in all earlier Core processors. All these processors have 256 KB L2 cache per core, plus up to 12 MB shared L3 cache. Because of the new I/O interconnect, chipsets and mainboards from previous generations can no longer be used with Nehalem-based processors.

Intel intended the Core i3 as the new low end of the performance processor line, following the retirement of the Core 2 brand.^[34][35] The first Core i3 processors were launched on January 7, 2010.^[36] The first Nehalem based Core i3 was Clarkdale-based, with an integrated GPU and two cores.^[37] The same processor is also available as Core i5 and Pentium, with slightly different configurations. The Core i3-3xxM processors are based on Arrandale, the mobile version of the Clarkdale desktop processor. They are similar to the Core i5-4xx series but running at lower clock speeds and without Turbo Boost.^[38] According to an Intel FAQ they do not support Error Correction Code (ECC) memory.^[39] According to motherboard manufacturer Supermicro, if a Core i3 processor is used with a server chipset platform such as Intel 3400/3420/3450, the CPU supports ECC with UDIMM.^[40] When asked, Intel confirmed that, although the Intel 5 series chipset supports non-ECC memory only with the Core i5 or i3 processors, using those processors on a motherboard with 3400 series chipsets it supports the ECC function of ECC memory.^[41] A limited number of motherboards by other companies also support ECC with Intel Core ix processors; the Asus P8B WS is an example, but it does not support ECC memory under Windows non-server operating systems.^[42]

Lynnfield was the first Core i5 processors using the Nehalem microarchitecture, introduced on September 8, 2009, as a mainstream variant of the earlier Core i7.^[43][44] Lynnfield Core i5 processors have an 8 MB L3 cache, a DMI bus running at 2.5 GT/s and support for dual-channel DDR3-800/1066/1333 memory and have Hyper-threading disabled. The same processors with different sets of features (Hyper-threading and other clock frequencies) enabled are sold as Core i7-8xx and Xeon 3400-series processors, which should not be confused with high-end Core i7-9xx and Xeon W3500-series processors based on Bloomfield. A new feature called Turbo Boost Technology was introduced which maximizes speed for demanding applications, dynamically accelerating performance to match the workload. After Nehalem received a 32 nm Westmere die shrink, Arrandale, the dual-core mobile Core i5 processors and its desktop counterpart Clarkdale was introduced in January 2010, together with Core i7-6xx and Core i3-3xx processors based on the same architecture. Arrandale processors have integrated graphics capability. Core i3-3xx does not support for Turbo Boost, L3 cache in Core i5-5xx processors is reduced to 3 MB, while the Core i5-6xx uses the full cache,^[45] Clarkdale is sold as Core i5-6xx, along with related Core i3 and Pentium processors. It has Hyper-Threading enabled and the full 4 MB L3 cache.^[46] According to Intel "Core i5 desktop processors and desktop boards typically do not support ECC memory",^[47] but information on limited ECC support in the Core i3 section also applies to Core i5 and i7.^{[citation needed]}

Intel Core i7 as a brand name applies to several families of desktop and laptop 64-bit x86-64 processors using the Nehalem, Westmere, Sandy Bridge, Ivy Bridge, Haswell, Broadwell, Skylake, and Kaby Lake microarchitectures. The Core i7 brand targets the business and high-end consumer markets for both desktop and laptop computers,^[48] and is distinguished from the Core i3 (entry-level consumer), Core i5 (mainstream consumer), and Xeon (server and workstation) brands. Introduced in late 2008, Bloomfield was the first Core i7 processors based on the Nehalem architecture.^{[49][50][51][52]} The following year, Lynnfield desktop processors and Clarksfield mobile processors brought new quad-core Core i7 models based on the said architecture.^[53] After Nehalem received a 32 nm Westmere die shrink, Arrandale dual-core mobile processors were introduced in January 2010, followed by Core i7's first six-core desktop processor Gulftown on March 16, 2010. Both the regular Core i7 and the Extreme Edition are advertised as five stars in the Intel Processor Rating. The first-generation Core i7 uses two different sockets; LGA 1366 designed for high-end desktops and servers, and LGA 1156 used in low- and mid-end desktops and servers. In each generation, the highest-performing Core i7 processors use the same socket and QPI-based architecture as the medium-end Xeon processors of that generation, while lower-performing Core i7 processors use the same socket and PCIe/DMI/FDI architecture as the Core i5. "Core i7" is a successor to the Intel Core 2 brand.^{[54][55][56][57]} Intel representatives stated that they intended the moniker Core i7 to help consumers decide which processor to purchase as Intel releases newer Nehalem-based products in the future.^[58]

List of Intel Core 1st generation microprocessors

Brand	Model	Code name	Release date	Price^[a]	Cores (Threads)	Clock rate (GHz)		Cache	GPU		Lithography	Socket	Memory support		TDP
						Base	Turbo	L3	Name	Clock rate			DDR3	ECC
i3	530^[59]	Clarkdale	Q1 2010	$117	2 (4)	2.93	—	4 MB	HD Graphics	733 MHz	32 nm	LGA 1156	DDR3-1333 dual-channel	No	73 W
i5	650^[60]	Clarkdale		$176		3.2	3.47						DDR3-1333 dual-channel	No
	750^[61]	Lynnfield	Q3 2009	$193	4 (4)	2.6	3.2	8 MB	—		45 nm		DDR3-1333 dual-channel	No	95 W
i7	920^[62]	Bloomfield	Q4 2008	$305	4 (8)	2.66	2.93	8 MB	—			LGA 1366	DDR3-1066 triple-channel	No	130 W
	920XM^[63]	Clarksfield	Q3 2009			2.0	3.2		—			PGA 988	DDR3-1333 triple-channel		55 W
	930^[64]	Bloomfield	Q1 2010	$305		2.8	3.06		—			LGA 1366	DDR3-1066 triple-channel		130 W
	940^[65]		Q4 2008	$555		2.93	3.2		—						130 W
	940XM	Clarksfield	Q3 2010			2.13	3.33		—			PGA 988	DDR3-1333 triple-channel		55 W
	950	Bloomfield	Q2 2009	$305		3.06	3.33		—			LGA 1366	DDR3-1066 triple-channel		130 W
	960		Q4 2009	$305		3.2	3.46		—
	965		Q4 2008	$990					—
	970	Gulftown	Q3'10	$594	6 (12)			12 MB	—		32 nm
	975	Bloomfield	Q2 2009	$1059	4 (8)	3.33	3.6	8 MB	—		45 nm
	980	Gulftown	Q2 2011	$594	6 (12)			12 MB	—		32 nm
	980X		Q1 2010	$1059					—
	990X		Q1 2011	$1059		3.46	3.73		—

1. Price reflects Recommended Customer Price (RCP) rather than MSRP. RCP is the cost per unit, in bulk sales of 1000 units or more, to OEMs, ODMs, and retail outlets when purchasing from Intel. Actual MSRP is higher than RCP

2nd generation

Main article: Sandy Bridge

In early 2011, Intel introduced a new microarchitecture named Sandy Bridge. This is the second generation of the Core processor microarchitecture. It kept all the existing brands from Nehalem, including Core i3/i5/i7, and introduced new model numbers. The initial set of Sandy Bridge processors includes dual- and quad-core variants, all of which use a single 32 nm die for both the CPU and integrated GPU cores, unlike the earlier microarchitectures. All Core i3/i5/i7 processors with the Sandy Bridge microarchitecture have a four-digit model number. With the mobile version, the thermal design power can no longer be determined from a one- or two-letter suffix but is encoded into the CPU number. Starting with Sandy Bridge, Intel no longer distinguishes the code names of the processor based on number of cores, socket or intended usage; they all use the same code name as the microarchitecture itself.

Ivy Bridge is the codename for Intel's 22 nm die shrink of the Sandy Bridge microarchitecture based on tri-gate ("3D") transistors, introduced in April 2012.

Core i3

Released on January 20, 2011, the Core i3-2xxx line of desktop and mobile processors is a direct replacement of the 2010 "Clarkdale" Core i3-5xx and "Arrandale" Core i3-3xxM models, based on the new microarchitecture. While they require new sockets and chipsets, the user-visible features of the Core i3 are largely unchanged, including the lack of support for Turbo Boost and AES-NI. Unlike the Sandy Bridge-based Celeron and Pentium processors, the Core i3 line does support the new Advanced Vector Extensions. This particular processor is the entry-level processor of this new series of Intel processors.

Codename	Brand name (list)	Cores	L3 cache	Socket	TDP	I/O Bus
Sandy Bridge (Desktop)	Core i3-21xx	2	3 MB	LGA 1155	65 W	Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU
	Core i3-21xxT				35 W
Sandy Bridge (Mobile)	Core i3-2xx0M			rPGA-988B BGA-1023
	Core i3-2xx7M			BGA-1023	17 W

Core i5

 

A Core i5-2500K. The K suffix indicates an unlocked clock multiplier, which allows for easier overclocking.

In January 2011, Intel released new quad-core Core i5 processors based on the "Sandy Bridge" microarchitecture at CES 2011. New dual-core mobile processors and desktop processors arrived in February 2011.

The Core i5-2xxx line of desktop processors are mostly quad-core chips, with the exception of the dual-core Core i5-2390T, and include integrated graphics, combining the key features of the earlier Core i5-6xx and Core i5-7xx lines. The suffix after the four-digit model number designates unlocked multiplier (K), low-power (S) and ultra-low-power (T).

The desktop CPUs now all have four non-SMT cores (like the i5-750), with the exception of the i5-2390T. The DMI bus runs at 5 GT/s.

The mobile Core i5-2xxxM processors are all dual-core and hyper-threaded chips like the previous Core i5-5xxM series, and share most of the features with that product line.

Codename	Brand name (list)	Cores	L3 cache	Socket	TDP	I/O Bus
Sandy Bridge (Desktop)	Core i5-2xxx Core i5-2xxxK	4	6 MB	LGA 1155	95 W	Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU
	Core i5-2xxxS				65 W
	Core i5-25xxT				45 W
	Core i5-23xxT	2	3 MB		35 W
Sandy Bridge (Mobile)	Core i5-2xxxM			rPGA-988B BGA-1023
	Core i5-2xx7M			BGA-1023	17 W

Core i7

The Core i7 brand was the high-end for Intel's desktop and mobile processors, until the announcement of the i9 in 2017. Its Sandy Bridge models feature the largest amount of L3 cache and the highest clock frequency. Most of these models are very similar to their smaller Core i5 siblings. The quad-core mobile Core i7-2xxxQM/XM processors follow the previous "Clarksfield" Core i7-xxxQM/XM processors, but now also include integrated graphics.

Codename	Brand name (list)	Cores	L3 cache	Socket	TDP	Process	I/O Bus	Release Date
Sandy Bridge-E (Desktop)	Core i7-39xxX	6	15 MB	LGA 2011	130 W	32 nm	Direct Media Interface	November 2011
	Core i7-39xxK		12 MB
	Core i7-38xx	4	10 MB
Sandy Bridge (Desktop)	Core i7-2xxxK, i7-2xxx		8 MB	LGA 1155	95 W		Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU	January 2011
	Core i7-2xxxS				65 W
Sandy Bridge (Mobile)	Core i7-2xxxXM			rPGA-988B BGA-1023	55 W
	Core i7-28xxQM				45 W
	Core i7-2xxxQE, i7-26xxQM, i7-27xxQM		6 MB
	Core i7-2xx0M	2	4 MB		35 W			February 2011
	Core i7-2xx9M			BGA-1023	25 W
	Core i7-2xx7M				17 W

3rd generation

Main article: Ivy Bridge (microarchitecture)

Ivy Bridge is the codename for a "third generation" line of processors based on the 22 nm manufacturing process developed by Intel. Mobile versions of the CPU were released in April 2012 following with desktop versions in September 2012.

Core i3

The Ivy Bridge-based Core-i3-3xxx line is a minor upgrade to 22 nm process technology and better graphics.

Codename	Brand name (list)	Cores	L3 Cache	Socket	TDP	I/O Bus
Ivy Bridge (Desktop)	Core i3-32xx	2	3 MB	LGA 1155	55 W	Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU
	Core i3-32xxT				35 W
Ivy Bridge (Mobile)	Core i3-3xx0M			rPGA-988B BGA-1023
	Core i3-3xx7U			BGA-1023	17 W
	Core i3-3xx9Y				13 W

Core i5

Codename	Brand name (list)	Cores	L3 Cache	Socket	TDP	I/O Bus
Ivy Bridge (Desktop)	Core i5-3xxx Core i5-3xxxK	4	6 MB	LGA 1155	77 W	Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU
	Core i5-3xxxS				65 W
	Core i5-35xxT				45 W
	Core i5-34xxT	2	3 MB		35 W
Ivy Bridge (Mobile)	Core i5-3xx0M			rPGA-988B BGA-1023
	Core i5-3xx7U			BGA-1023	17 W
	Core i5-3xx9Y				13 W

Core i7

Codename	Brand name (list)	Cores	L3 cache	Socket	TDP	Process	I/O Bus	Release Date
Ivy Bridge-E (Desktop)	Core i7-4960X	6	15 MB	LGA 2011	130 W	22 nm	Direct Media Interface	September 2013
	Core i7-4930K		12 MB
	Core i7-4820K	4	10 MB
Ivy Bridge (Desktop)	Core i7-37xx, i7-37xxK		8 MB	LGA 1155	77 W		Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU	April 2012
	Core i7-37xxS				65 W
	Core i7-37xxT				45 W
Ivy Bridge (Mobile)	Core i7-3xxxXM				55 W
	Core i7-38xxQM				45 W
	Core i7-36x0QM, i7-3xx0QE, i7-36x5QM, i7-3xx5QE, i7-37xxQM		6 MB
	Core i7-3xx2QM, i7-3xx2QE				35 W
	Core i7-3xxxM	2	4 MB
	Core i7-3xxxLE				25 W
	Core i7-3xx7U, i7-3xx7UE				17 W
	Core i7-3xx9Y				13 W			January 2013

4th generation

Main article: Haswell (microarchitecture)

Haswell is the fourth generation Core processor microarchitecture, and was released in 2013.

Core i3

Codename	Brand name (list)	Cores	L3 cache	GPU Model	Socket	TDP	Process	I/O Bus	Release Date
Haswell-DT (Desktop)	Core i3-43xx	2	4 MB	HD 4600	LGA 1150	54 W	22 nm	Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU	September 2013
	Core i3-43xxT, Core i3-4xxxTE					35 W
	Core i3-41xx		3 MB	HD 4400		54 W
	Core i3-41xxT					35 W
Haswell-MB (Mobile)	Core i3-4xx2E			HD 4600	BGA 1364	25 W
	Core i3-4xx0E					37 W
	Core i3-4xxxM				Socket G3
	Core i3-4xx8U			Iris 5100	BGA 1168	28 W			June 2013
	Core i3-4xx0U, Core i3-4xx5U			HD 4400		15 W
	Core i3-4xxxY			HD 4200		11.5 W

Core i5

Codename	Brand name (list)	Cores	L3 cache	GPU Model	Socket	TDP	Process	I/O Bus	Release Date
Haswell-DT (Desktop)	Core i5-4xxx, i5-46xxK	4	6 MB	HD 4600	LGA 1150	84 W	22 nm	Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU	June 2013
	Core i5-4xxxS					65 W
	Core i5-46xxT					45 W
	Core i5-45xxT, Core i5-45xxTE	2	4 MB			35 W
						65 W
Haswell-H (MCP)	Core i5-4xxxR	4	4 MB	Iris Pro 5200	BGA 1364	65 W
Haswell-MB (Mobile)	Core i5-4xxxH	2	3 MB	HD 4600		47 W			September 2013
	Core i5-4xx2E					25 W
	Core i5-4xx0E					37 W
	Core i5-4xxxM				Socket G3
	Core i5-4xx8U			Iris 5100	BGA1168	28 W			June 2013
	Core i5-4x50U			HD 5000		15 W
	Core i5-4x00U			HD 4400
	Core i5-4xxxY			HD 4200		11.5 W

Core i7

Codename	Brand name (list)	Cores	L3 cache	GPU Model	Socket	TDP	Process	I/O Bus	Release Date
Haswell-E (Desktop)^[66]	Core i7-5960X	8	20 MB	N/A	LGA 2011-3	140 W	22 nm	Direct Media Interface	September 2014
	Core i7-5930K	6	15 MB
	Core i7-5820K
Haswell-DT (Desktop)	Core i7-47xx, i7-47xxK	4	8 MB	HD 4600	LGA 1150	84 W		Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU	June 2013
	Core i7-47xxS					65 W
	Core i7-47x0T					45 W
	Core i7-47x5T					35 W
	Core i7-47xxR		6 MB	Iris Pro 5200	BGA 1364	65 W
Haswell-MB (Mobile)	Core i7-4x50HQ, Core i7-4x60HQ Core i7-4x50EQ, Core i7-4x60EQ					47 W
	Core i7-47x2HQ, Core i7-47x2EQ Core i7-470xHQ, Core i7-470xEQ			HD 4600		37 W 47 W
	Core i7-47x2MQ Core i7-470xMQ				Socket G3	37 W 47 W
	Core i7-49xxMQ, Core i7-4xxxXM		8 MB			57 W
	Core i7-4xxxM	2	4 MB			35 W			September 2013
	Core i7-4xx8U			Iris 5100	BGA 1168	28 W			June 2013
	Core i7-4x50U			HD 5000		15 W
	Core i7-4x00U			HD 4400
	Core i7-4xxxY			HD 4200		11.5 W

5th generation

Main article: Broadwell (microarchitecture)

Broadwell is the fifth generation Core processor microarchitecture, and was released by Intel on September 6, 2014, and began shipping in late 2014. It is the first to use a 14 nm chip.^[67] Additionally, mobile processors were launched in January 2015^[68] and Desktop Core i5 and i7 processors were released in June 2015.^[69]

Desktop processor (DT-Series)

Processor branding	Model (list)	Cores (Threads)	L3 cache	GPU Model	Socket	TDP	Process	I/O Bus	Release Date
Core i7	5775C	4 (8)	6 MB	Iris 6200	LGA 1150	65 W	14 nm	Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU	June 2015
	5775R
Core i5	5675C	4 (4)	4 MB
	5675R
	5575R

Mobile processors (U-Series)

Processor branding	Model (list)	Cores (Threads)	L3 cache	GPU Model	Socket	TDP	Process	I/O Bus	Release Date
Core i7	5xx7U	2 (4)	4 MB	Iris 6100	BGA 1168	28 W	14 nm	Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU	January 2015
	5x50U			HD 6000		15 W
	5x00U			HD 5500
Core i5	5xx7U	2 (2)	3 MB	Iris 6100		28 W
	5x50U			HD 6000		15 W
	5x00U			HD 5500
Core i3	5xx7U			Iris 6100		28 W
	5xx5U			HD 5500		15 W
	5xx0U

Mobile Processors (Y-Series)

Processor branding	Model (list)	Cores (Threads)	L3 cache	GPU Model	Socket	TDP	Process	I/O Bus	Release Date
Core M	5Yxx	2 (2)	4 MB	HD 5300	BGA 1234	4.5 W	14 nm	Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU	September 2014

6th generation

Broadwell microarchitecture

Processor branding	Model (list)	Cores (Threads)	L3 cache	GPU Model	Socket	TDP	Process	I/O Bus	Release Date
Core i7	6800K	6 (12)	15 MB	N/A	LGA 2011-3	140 W	14 nm	Direct Media Interface	Q2'16
	6850K
	6900K	8 (16)	20 MB
	6950X	10 (20)	25 MB

Skylake microarchitecture

Main article: Skylake (microarchitecture)

Skylake is the sixth generation Core processor microarchitecture, and was launched in August 2015. Being the successor to the Broadwell line, it is a redesign using the same 14 nm manufacturing process technology; however the redesign has better CPU and GPU performance and reduced power consumption. Intel also disabled overclocking non -K processors.

Desktop processors (DT-Series)

Processor branding	Model	Cores/Threads	L3 cache	GPU Model	Socket	TDP	Process	I/O Bus	Release Date
Core i7	6700K	4/8	8 MB	HD 530	LGA 1151	91 W	14 nm	Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU	August 2015
	6700					65 W			September 2015
	6700T					35 W
	6785R			Iris Pro 580		65 W			May 2016
Core i5	6600K	4/4	6 MB	HD 530		91 W			September 2015
	6600					65 W
	6500
	6400
	6402P			HD 510					December 2015
	6xx0R			HD 530		35 W			June 2016
	6xx0T								September 2015
Core i3	6320	2/4	4 MB	HD 530		51 W
	6300
	6300T					35 W
	6100		3 MB	HD 530		51 W
	6100T					35 W
	6098P			HD 510		54 W			December 2015

Mobile processors (H-Series)

Processor branding	Model	Cores/Threads	L3 cache	GPU Model	Socket	TDP	Process	I/O Bus	Release Date
Core i3	6100H	2/4	3 MB	HD 530	FBGA 1356	35 W	14 nm	Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU	September 2015

Mobile processors (U-Series)

Processor branding	Model	Cores/Threads	L3 cache	GPU Model	Socket	TDP	Process	I/O Bus	Release Date
Core i7	6650U	2/4	4 MB	Iris 540	FCBGA 1356	15 W	14 nm	Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU	September 2015
	6600U			HD 520		25 W
	6567U			Iris 550		28 W
	6x60U			Iris 540		15 W
	6x00U			HD 520
Core i5	62x7U			Iris 550		28 W
	6360U			Iris 540		9.5 W
	6300U			HD 520		15 W
	6260U			Iris 540
	6200U		3 MB	HD 520
Core i3	6167U			HD 550		28 W
	6100U			HD 520		15 W
	6006U			HD 520					November 2016

7th generation

Skylake microarchitecture

High-end Desktop processors (X-Series)

Processor branding	Model	Cores/Threads	L3 cache	Socket	TDP	Process	I/O Bus	Price
Core i9	7980XE	18/36	24.75 MB	LGA 2066	165 W	14 nm	Direct Media Interface	$1999
	7960X	16/32	22 MB					$1699
	7940X	14/28	19.25 MB					$1399
	7920X	12/24	16.5 MB		140 W			$1199
	7900X	10/20	13.75 MB					$999
Core i7	7820X	8/16	11 MB					$599
	7800X	6/12	8.25 MB					$389

Kaby Lake

Main article: Kaby Lake

Kaby Lake is the codename for the seventh generation Core processor, and was launched in October 2016 (mobile chips)^[70] and January 2017 (desktop chips).^[71] With the latest generation of microarchitecture, Intel decided to produce Kaby Lake processors without using their "tick–tock" manufacturing and design model.^[72] Kaby Lake features the same Skylake microarchitecture and is fabricated using Intel's 14 nanometer manufacturing process technology.^[72]

Built on an improved 14 nm process (14FF+), Kaby Lake features faster CPU clock speeds and Turbo frequencies. Beyond these process and clock speed changes, little of the CPU architecture has changed from Skylake, resulting in identical IPC.

Kaby Lake features a new graphics architecture to improve performance in 3D graphics and 4K video playback. It adds native High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection 2.2 support, along with fixed function decode of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, High Efficiency Video Coding Main and Main10/10-bit, and VP9 10-bit and 8-bit video. Hardware encode is supported for H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, HEVC Main10/10-bit, and VP9 8-bit video. VP9 10-bit encode is not supported in hardware. OpenCL 2.1 is now supported.

Kaby Lake is the first Core architecture to support hyper-threading for the Pentium-branded desktop CPU SKU. Kaby Lake also features the first overclocking-enabled i3-branded CPU.

Features common to desktop Kaby Lake CPUs:

• LGA 1151 socket
• DMI 3.0 and PCIe 3.0 interfaces
• Dual channel memory support in the following configurations: DDR3L-1600 1.35 V (32 GiB maximum) or DDR4-2400 1.2 V (64 GiB maximum)
• A total of 16 PCIe lanes
• The Core-branded processors support the AVX2 instruction set. The Celeron and Pentium-branded ones support only SSE4.1/4.2
• 350 MHz base graphics clock rate
• No L4 cache (eDRAM).
• A release date of January 3, 2017

Desktop processors (S-Series)

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	CPU clock rate	CPU Turbo clock rate			GPU model	Maximum GPU clock rate	L3 cache	TDP	Price (USD)
				Single core	Dual core	Quad core
Core i7	7700K	4 (8)	4.2 GHz	4.5 GHz	4.4 GHz	4.4 GHz	HD 630	1150 MHz	8 MB	91 W	$350
	7700		3.6 GHz	4.2 GHz	4.1 GHz	4.0 GHz				65 W	$312
	7700T		2.9 GHz	3.8 GHz	3.7 GHz	3.6 GHz				35 W
Core i5	7600K	4 (4)	3.8 GHz	4.2 GHz	4.1 GHz	4.0 GHz			6 MB	91 W	$243
	7600		3.5 GHz	4.1 GHz	4.0 GHz	3.9 GHz				65 W	$224
	7600T		2.8 GHz	3.7 GHz	3.6 GHz	3.5 GHz		1100 MHz		35 W
	7500		3.4 GHz	3.8 GHz	3.7 GHz	3.6 GHz				65 W	$202
	7500T		2.7 GHz	3.3 GHz	3.2 GHz	3.1 GHz				35 W
	7400		3.0 GHz	3.5 GHz	3.4 GHz	3.3 GHz		1000 MHz		65 W	$182
	7400T		2.4 GHz	3.0 GHz	2.9 GHz	2.7 GHz				35 W	$187
Core i3	7350K	2 (4)	4.2 GHz	N/A				1150 MHz	4 MB	60 W	$179
	7320		4.1 GHz							51 W	$157
	7300		4.0 GHz								$147
	7300T		3.5 GHz					1100 MHz		35 W
	7100		3.9 GHz						3 MB	51 W	$117
	7100T		3.4 GHz							35 W
	7101E		3.9 GHz							54 W
	7101TE		3.4 GHz							35 W

Mobile Processors (H-Series)

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	CPU clock rate	CPU Turbo clock rate			GPU	GPU clock rate		L3 cache	Max. PCIe lanes	TDP	cTDP		Release date	Price (USD)
				Single core	Dual core	Quad core		Base	Max.				Up	Down
Core i7	7920HQ	4 (8)	3.1 GHz	4.1 GHz	3.9 GHz	3.7 GHz	HD 630	350 MHz	1100 MHz	8 MB	16	45 W	N/A	35 W	Q1 2017	$568
	7820HQ		2.9 GHz	3.9 GHz	3.7 GHz	3.5 GHz										$378
	7820HK
	7700HQ		2.8 GHz	3.8 GHz	3.6 GHz	3.4 GHz				6 MB
Core i5	7440HQ	4 (4)							1000 MHz							$250
	7300HQ		2.5 GHz	3.5 GHz	3.3 GHz	3.1 GHz
Core i3	7100H	2 (4)	3.0 GHz	N/A					950 MHz	3 MB		35 W		N/A		$225

Mobile Processors (U-Series)

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	CPU clock rate	CPU Turbo clock rate		GPU	GPU clock rate		L3 cache	L4 cache	Max. PCIe lanes	TDP	cTDP		Release date	Price (USD)
				Single core	Dual core		Base	Max.					Up	Down
Core i7	7660U	2 (4)	2.5 GHz	4.0 GHz	?	Iris Plus 640	300 MHz	1100 MHz	4 MB	64 MB	12	15 W	N/A	9.5 W	Q1 2017	?
	7600U		2.8 GHz	3.9 GHz		HD 620		1150 MHz		N/A			25 W	7.5 W		$393
	7567U		3.5 GHz	4.0 GHz		Iris Plus 650				64 MB		28 W	N/A	23 W		?
	7560U		2.4 GHz	3.8 GHz		Iris Plus 640		1050 MHz				15 W		9.5 W
	7500U		2.7 GHz	3.5 GHz		HD 620				N/A			25 W	7.5 W	Q3 2016	$393
Core i5	7360U		2.3 GHz	3.6 GHz		Iris Plus 640		1000 MHz	4 MB	64 MB	12	15 W	N/A	9.5 W	Q1 2017	?
	7300U		2.6 GHz	3.5 GHz		HD 620		1100 MHz	3 MB	N/A	12	15 W	25 W	7.5 W		$281
	7287U		3.3 GHz	3.7 GHz		Iris Plus 650			4 MB	64 MB		28 W	N/A	23 W		?
	7267U		3.1 GHz	3.5 GHz				1050 MHz
	7260U		2.2 GHz	3.4 GHz		Iris Plus 640		950 MHz				15 W		9.5 W
	7200U		2.5 GHz	3.1 GHz		HD 620		1000 MHz	3 MB	N/A			25 W	7.5 W	Q3 2016	$281
Core i3	7167U		2.8 GHz	N/A		Iris Plus 650		1000 MHz	3 MB	64 MB	12	28 W	N/A	23 W	Q1 2017	?
	7100U		2.4 GHz			HD 620				N/A		15 W		7.5 W	Q3 2016	$281

Mobile Processors (Y-Series)

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	CPU clock rate	CPU Turbo clock rate		GPU	GPU clock rate		L3 cache	Max. PCIe lanes	TDP	cTDP		Release date	Price (USD)
				Single core	Dual core		Base	Max.				Up	Down
Core i7	7Y75	2 (4)	1.3 GHz	3.6 GHz	3.4 GHz	HD 615	300 MHz	1050 MHz	4 MB	10	4.5 W	7 W	3.5 W	Q3 2016	$393
Core i5	7Y57		1.2 GHz	3.3 GHz	2.9 GHz			950 MHz						Q1 2017	$281
	7Y54			3.2 GHz	2.8 GHz									Q3 2016
Core i3	7Y30		1.0 GHz	2.6 GHz	?			900 MHz
	7Y32		1.1 GHz	3.0 GHz										Q2 2017

Kaby Lake-X processors are modified versions of Kaby Lake-S processors that fit into the LGA 2066 socket. However, they can't take advantage of the unique features of the platform.

High-end Desktop processors (X-Series)

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	CPU clock rate	CPU Turbo clock rate			L3 cache	TDP	Price (USD)
				Single core	Dual core	Quad core
Core i7	7740X	4 (8)	4.3 GHz	4.5 GHz	4.4 GHz	4.4 GHz	8 MB	112 W	$339
Core i5	7640X	4 (4)	4.0 GHz	4.2 GHz	4.1 GHz	4.0 GHz	6 MB		$242

8th generation

Kaby Lake Refresh

Mobile processors (U-Series)

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	CPU clock rate	CPU Turbo clock rate			GPU	GPU clock rate		L3 cache	L4 cache	Max. PCIe lanes	TDP	cTDP		Release date	Price (USD)
				Single core	Dual core	Quad core		Base	Max.					Up	Down
Core i7	8650U	4 (8)	1.9 GHz	4.2 GHz		3.9 GHz	UHD 620	300 MHz	1150 MHz	8 MB	—	12	15 W	25 W	10 W	Q3 2017	$409
	8550U		1.8 GHz	4.0 GHz		3.7 GHz
Core i5	8350U		1.7 GHz	3.6 GHz					1100 MHz	6 MB							$297
	8250U		1.6 GHz	3.4 GHz

Coffee Lake microarchitecture

Main article: Coffee Lake

Coffee Lake is a codename for the eighth generation Intel Core family and was launched in October 2017. For the first time in the ten-year history of Intel Core processors, the Coffee Lake generation features an increase in core counts across the desktop lineup of processors, a significant driver of improved performance versus previous generations despite similar per-clock performance.

Increase in number of CPU cores in desktop Coffee Lake processors

	Kaby Lake (7th Generation)	Coffee Lake (8th Generation)
	Cores / Threads	Cores / Threads
Core i3	2 / 40	4 / 40
Core i5	4 / 40	6 / 60
Core i7	4 / 80	6 / 12

* Intel Hyper-threading capabilities allow an enabled processor to execute two threads per physical core

Coffee Lake features largely the same CPU core and performance per MHz as Skylake/Kaby Lake.^[73][74] Features specific to Coffee Lake include:

• Following similar refinements to the 14 nm process in Skylake and Kaby Lake, Coffee Lake is the third 14 nm process refinement ("14nm++") and features increased transistor gate pitch for a lower current density and higher leakage transistors which allows higher peak power and higher frequency at the expense of die area and idle power.
• Coffee Lake will be used in conjunction with the 300-series chipset and is incompatible with the older 100- and 200-series chipsets.^[75][76]
• Increased L3 cache in accordance to the number of cores
• Increased turbo clock speeds across i5 and i7 CPUs models (increased by up to 200 MHz)
• Increased iGPU clock speeds by 50 MHz
• DDR4 memory support updated for 2666 MHz (for i5 and i7 parts) and 2400 MHz (for i3 parts); DDR3 memory is no longer supported

Desktop processors (S-Series)

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	Base CPU clock rate	Turbo clock rate^[77] [GHz]						GPU	max GPU clock rate	L3 cache	TDP	Memory support	Price (USD)
				Number of cores used
				1	2	3	4	5	6
Core i7	8086K	6 (12)	4.0 GHz	5.0	4.6	4.5	4.4		4.3	UHD 630	1.20 GHz	12 MB	95 W	DDR4 2666	$425
	8700K		3.7 GHz	4.7											$359
	8700		3.2 GHz	4.6	4.5	4.4	4.3						65 W		$303
	8700T		2.4 GHz	4.0	4.0	3.9		3.8					35 W
Core i5	8600K	6 (6)	3.6 GHz	4.3	4.2			4.1			1.15 GHz	9 MB	95 W		$257
	8600		3.1 GHz										65 W		$213
	8600T		2.3 GHz	3.7	3.6			3.5					35 W
	8500		3.0 GHz	4.1	4.0			3.9			1.10 GHz		65 W		$192
	8500T		2.1 GHz	3.5	3.4	3.3		3.2					35 W
	8400		2.8 GHz	4.0	3.9			3.8			1.05 GHz		65 W		$182
	8400T		1.7 GHz	3.3	3.2	3.1		3.0					35 W
Core i3	8350K	4 (4)	4.0 GHz	—							1.15 GHz	8 MB	91 W	DDR4 2400	$168
	8300		3.7 GHz										62 W		$138
	8300T		3.2 GHz										35 W
	8100		3.6 GHz								1.10 GHz	6 MB	65 W		$117
	8100T		3.1 GHz										35 W

* Processors Core i3-8100 and Core i3-8350K with stepping B0 actually belong to "Kaby Lake-S" family

Mobile processors (H-Series)

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	CPU clock rate	Max. Turbo clock rate	GPU	GPU clock rate		L3 cache	TDP	cTDP		Price (USD)
						Base	Max.			Down	Up
Core i7	8850H	6 (12)	2.6 GHz	4.3 GHz	UHD 630	350 MHz	1.15 GHz	9 MB	45 W	35 W	N/A	$395
	8750H		2.2 GHz	4.1 GHz			1.10 GHz
	8700B		3.2 GHz	4.6 GHz			1.20 GHz	12 MB	65 W			$303
Core i5	8500B	6 (6)	3.0 GHz	4.1 GHz			1.10 GHz	9 MB				$192
	8400B		2.8 GHz	4.0 GHz			1.05 GHz					$182
	8400H	4 (8)	2.5 GHz	4.2 GHz			1.10 GHz	8 MB	45 W			$250
	8300H		2.3 GHz	4.0 GHz			1.00 GHz					$250
Core i3	8100H	4 (4)	3.0 GHz	N/A				6 MB				$225

Mobile processors (U-Series)

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	CPU clock rate	Max. Turbo clock rate	GPU	GPU clock rate		L3 cache	L4 cache (eDRAM)	TDP	cTDP		Price (USD)
						Base	Max.				Down	Up
Core i7	8559U	4 (8)	2.7 GHz	4.5 GHz	Iris Plus 655	300 MHz	1.20 GHz	8 MB	128 MB	28 W	20 W	N/A	$431
Core i5	8269U		2.6 GHz	4.2 GHz			1.10 GHz	6 MB					$320
	8259U		2.3 GHz	3.8 GHz			1.05 GHz		N/A
Core i3	8109U	2 (4)	3.0 GHz	3.6 GHz	UHD 630		1.10 GHz	4 MB

Amber Lake microarchitecture

Amber Lake is a refinement over the low power Mobile Kaby Lake CPUs.

Mobile Processors (Y-Series)

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	CPU clock rate		GPU	Max GPU clock rate	L3 cache	TDP	cTDP		Price
			Base	Max turbo					Up	Down
Core i7	8510Y July 28, 2020, at the Wayback Machine	2 (4)	1.8 GHz	3.9 GHz	UHD 617	1050 MHz	4 MB	7 W	N/A		$393
	8500Y		1.5 GHz	4.2 GHz	UHD 615			5 W	7 W	3.5 W	$393
Core i5	8310Y		1.6 GHz	3.9 GHz	UHD 617			7 W	N/A		$281
	8210Y			3.6 GHz
	8200Y		1.3 GHz	3.9 GHz	UHD 615	950 MHz		5 W	7 W	3.5 W	$291
Core m3	8100Y		1.1 GHz	3.4 GHz		900 MHz			8 W	4.5 W	$281

Whiskey Lake microarchitecture

Main article: Whiskey Lake

Whiskey Lake is Intel's codename for the third 14 nm Skylake process-refinement, following Kaby Lake Refresh and Coffee Lake. Intel announced low power mobile Whiskey Lake CPUs availability on August 28, 2018.^[78][79] It has not yet been advertised whether this CPU architecture contains hardware mitigations for Meltdown/Spectre class vulnerabilities—various sources contain conflicting information.^{[80][81][79][82]} Unofficially it was announced that Whiskey Lake has hardware mitigations against Meltdown and L1TF while Spectre V2 requires software mitigations as well as microcode/firmware update.^{[83][84][85][86]}

Architecture changes compared to Kaby Lake Refresh

• 14++ nm process, same as Coffee Lake
• Increased turbo clocks (300–600 MHz)
• 14 nm PCH
• Native USB 3.1 gen 2 support (10 Gbit/s)
• Integrated 802.11ac 160 MHz Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 5.0
• Intel Optane Memory support

Mobile processors (U-Series)

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	CPU clock rate	Turbo clock GHz Num of cores			GPU	Max GPU clock rate	L3 cache	cTDP		Memory	Price
				1	2	4				Up	Down
Core i7	8665U	4 (8)	1.9 GHz	4.8			UHD 620	1150 MHz	8 MB	25 W	10 W	DDR4-2400 LPDDR3-2133	$409
	8565U		1.8 GHz	4.6	4.5	4.1							$409
Core i5	8365U		1.6 GHz	4.1				1100 MHz	6 MB				$297
	8265U			3.9	3.9	3.7							$297
Core i3	8145U	2 (4)	2.1 GHz	3.9	3.7	—		1000 MHz	4 MB				$281

Cannon Lake microarchitecture

Main article: Cannon Lake (microprocessor)

Cannon Lake (formerly Skymont) is Intel's codename for the 10-nanometer die shrink of the Kaby Lake microarchitecture. As a die shrink, Cannon Lake is a new process in Intel's "process–architecture–optimization" execution plan as the next step in semiconductor fabrication.^[87] Cannon Lake are the first mainstream CPUs to include the AVX-512 instruction set. In comparison to the previous generation AVX2 (AVX-256), the new generation AVX-512 most notably provides double the width of data registers and double the number of registers. These enhancements would allow for twice the number of floating point operations per register due to the increased width in addition to doubling the overall number of registers, resulting in theoretical performance improvements of up to four times the performance of AVX2.^[88][89]

At CES 2018, Intel announced that they had started shipping mobile Cannon Lake CPUs at the end of 2017 and that they would ramp up production in 2018.^[90][91][92] No further details were disclosed.

Architecture changes compared to Coffee Lake

• AVX-512 instruction set extension
• Intel's first 10 nm process technology

Mobile processors (U-Series)

Mobile processors (U-Series)

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	CPU clock rate	CPU Turbo clock rate	GPU	GPU clock rate		L3 cache	TDP	cTDP	Price (USD)
						Base	Max.			Down
Core i3	8121U^[93]^[94]	2 (4)	2.2 GHz	3.2 GHz	N/A			4 MB	15 W	N/A	?

9th generation

Skylake microarchitecture

The 9th generation Skylake CPUs are updated versions of previous Skylake X-Series CPUs with clockspeed improvements.

High-end Desktop processors (X-Series)

Processor branding	Model	Cores/Threads	Base Clock	Single Core Turbo Clock	L3 cache	TDP	Price
Core i9	9980XE	18/36	3.0 GHz	4.5 GHz	24.75 MB	165 W	$1979
	9960X	16/32	3.1 GHz		22 MB		$1684
	9940X	14/28	3.3 GHz		19.25 MB		$1387
	9920X	12/24	3.5 GHz				$1189
	9900X	10/20					$989
	9820X		3.3 GHz	4.2 GHz	16.5 MB		$889
Core i7	9800X	8/16	3.8 GHz	4.5 GHz			$589

Coffee Lake Refresh microarchitecture

The 9th generation Coffee Lake CPUs were released in the fourth quarter of 2018. They include hardware mitigations against certain Meltdown/Spectre vulnerabilities.^[95][96]

For the first time in Intel consumer CPU history, these CPUs support up to 128 GB RAM.^[97]

Increase in number of CPU cores in desktop 9th Generation processors

	8th Generation	9th Generation
	Cores / Threads	Cores / Threads
Core i3	4 / 40	4 / 40
Core i5	6 / 60	6 / 60
Core i7	6 / 12	8 / 8
Core i9	—	8 / 16

* Intel Hyper-threading capabilities allow an enabled processor to execute two threads per physical core

Even though the F suffix CPUs lack an integrated GPU, Intel set the same price for these CPUs as their featureful counterparts.^[98]

Desktop processors (S-Series)

Processor branding	Model	Cores (Threads)	Base CPU clock rate	Turbo clock rate^[99] [GHz]								GPU	max GPU clock rate	L3 cache	TDP	Memory support	Price (USD)
				Number of cores used
				1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Core i9	9900KS	8 (16)	4.0 GHz	5.0								UHD 630	1.20 GHz	16 MB	127 W *	DDR4-2666	$524
	9900K		3.6 GHz	5.0		4.8		4.7							95 W *		$488
	9900KF											—
Core i7	9700K	8 (8)	3.6 GHz	4.9	4.8	4.7		4.6				UHD 630	1.20 GHz	12 MB	95 W		$374
	9700KF											—
Core i5	9600K	6 (6)	3.7 GHz	4.6	4.5	4.4		4.3		—		UHD 630	1.15 GHz	9 MB			$262
	9600KF											—
	9400		2.9 GHz	4.1								UHD 630	1.05 GHz		65 W		$182
	9400F											—
Core i3	9350KF	4 (4)	4.0 GHz	4.6								—		8 MB	91 W	DDR4-2400	$173
	9100F		3.6 GHz	4.2								—		6 MB	65 W		$122
	9100											UHD 630	1.1 GHz

* various reviews show that the Core i9 9900K CPU may consume over 140 W under load. The Core i9 9900KS may consume even more.^{[100][101][102][103]}

Mobile processors (H-Series)

Processor branding	Model	Cores (Threads)	Base CPU clock rate	Single Core Turbo clock rate [GHz]	GPU	Max GPU clock rate	L3 cache	TDP	Memory support	Price (USD)
Core i9	9980HK	8 (16)	2.4 GHz	5.0	HD 630	1.25 GHz	16 MB	45 W	DDR4-2666	$583
	9880H		2.3 GHz	4.8		1.20 GHz				$556
Core i7	9850H	6 (12)	2.6 GHz	4.6		1.15 GHz	12 MB			$395
	9750H			4.5
Core i5	9400H	4 (8)	2.5 GHz	4.3		1.10 GHz	8 MB			$250
	9300H		2.4 GHz	4.1		1.05 GHz

10th generation

Cascade Lake microarchitecture

Cascade Lake X-Series CPUs are the 10th generation versions of the previous Skylake X-Series CPUs. They offer minor clockspeed improvements and a highly reduced price.

High-end Desktop processors (X-Series)

Processor branding	Model	Cores/Threads	Base Clock	Single Core Turbo Clock	All Core Turbo Clock	L3 cache	TDP	Price
Core i9	10980XE	18/36	3.0 GHz	4.8 GHz	3.8 GHz	24.75 MB	165 W	$979
	10940X	14/28	3.3 GHz		4.1 GHz	19.25 MB		$784
	10920X	12/24	3.5 GHz		4.3 GHz			$689
	10900X	10/20	3.7 GHz	4.7 GHz				$590

Ice Lake microarchitecture

Main article: Ice Lake (microprocessor)

Ice Lake is codename for Intel's 10th generation Intel Core processors, representing an enhancement of the 'architecture' of the preceding generation Kaby Lake/Cannon Lake processors (as specified in Intel's process–architecture–optimization execution plan). As the successor to Cannon Lake, Ice Lake uses Intel's newer 10 nm+ fabrication process, and is powered by the Sunny Cove microarchitecture.

Ice Lake are the first Intel CPUs to feature in-silicon mitigations for the hardware vulnerabilities discovered in 2017, Meltdown and Spectre. These side-channel attacks exploit branch prediction's use of speculative execution. These exploits may cause the CPU to reveal cached private information which the exploiting process is not intended to be able to access as a form of timing attack.^{[citation needed]}

Features

CPU

• On average 18% increase in IPC in comparison to 2015 Skylake running at the same frequency and memory configuration^[104][105]
• L1 instruction/data cache: 32 KB / 48 KiB; L2 cache: 512 KiB^[79]
• Dynamic Tuning 2.0 which allows the CPU to stay at turbo frequencies for longer^[106][107]
• Six new AVX-512 instruction subsets: VPOPCNTDQ, VBMI2, BITALG, VPCLMULQDQ, GFNI, and VAES
• AI tasks acceleration, Intel Deep Learning Boost^[108][107]

GPU

• Gen 11 GPU with up to 64 execution units;^[109][110] 4K@120 Hz, 5K, 8K display output^[111]
• Variable Rate Shading^[112][113]
• DisplayPort 1.4a with Display Stream Compression; HDMI 2.0b
• Up to 1.15 TFLOPS of computational performance
• Two HEVC 10-bit encode pipelines, either two 4K60 4:4:4 streams simultaneously or one 8K30 4:2:2^[107]

Package

• 10 nm+ transistors
• New memory controller with DDR4 3200 and LPDDR4X 3733 support
• Integrated support for Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax)
• Thunderbolt 3 support^[114]

Mobile processors (U-Series)

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	Base CPU clock rate	Turbo clock GHz Num of cores			GPU			L3 cache	TDP	cTDP		Price
				1	2	4	Series	EUs	Max clock rate			Up	Down
Core i7	1065G7	4 (8)	1.3 GHz	3.9		3.5	Iris Plus	64	1.1 GHz	8 MiB	15 W	25 W	12 W	$426
Core i5	1035G7		1.2 GHz	3.7		3.3			1.05 GHz	6 MiB	15 W	25 W	12 W	$320
	1035G4		1.1 GHz					48						$309
	1035G1		1.0 GHz	3.6			UHD	32					13 W	$297
Core i3	1005G1	2 (4)	1.2 GHz	3.4			UHD	32	0.9 GHz	4 MiB	15 W	25 W	13 W	$281

Mobile processors (Y-Series)

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	Base CPU clock rate	Turbo clock GHz Num of cores			GPU			L3 cache	TDP	cTDP		Price
				1	2	4	Series	EUs	Max clock rate			Up	Down
Core i7	1060G7	4 (8)	1.0 GHz	3.8		3.4	Iris Plus	64	1.1 GHz	8 MiB	9 W	12 W
Core i5	1030G7		0.8 GHz	3.5		3.2	Iris Plus	64		6 MiB	9 W	12 W
	1030G4		0.7 GHz					48
Core i3	1000NG4	2 (4)	1.1 GHz	3.2			Iris Plus	48	0.9 GHz	4 MiB	9 W
	1000G4											12 W
	1000G1						UHD	32

Comet Lake microarchitecture

Main article: Comet Lake

Comet Lake is Intel's codename for the fourth 14 nm Skylake process-refinement, following Whiskey Lake. Intel announced low power mobile Comet Lake CPUs availability on August 21, 2019.^[115]

Architecture changes in Comet Lake-U compared to Whiskey Lake

• Up to six CPU cores; L3 cache up to 12 MiB
• Higher turbo frequencies
• LPDDR4x 2933 memory support
• Wi-Fi 6 AX201 support (Depends on PCH chipset)^[116]

Increase in number of CPU cores in desktop 10th generation processors

	9th generation	10th generation
	Cores / threads	Cores / threads
Core i3	4 / 4	4 / 8
Core i5	6 / 6	6 / 12
Core i7	8 / 8	8 / 16
Core i9	8 / 16	10 / 20

Desktop processors (S-Series)

Processor branding	Model	Cores (Threads)	CPU clock rate (GHz)				GPU		Smart cache (MB)	TDP		Memory support	Price (USD)
			Base	All-Core Turbo	Turbo Boost 2.0	Turbo Boost Max 3.0	Model	max clock rate (GHz)
										Down	Base
Core i9	10900K	10 (20)	3.7	4.8	5.1	5.2	UHD 630	1.20	20	95	125	DDR4-2933 2-channel up to 128 GB	$488
	10900KF						—						$472
	10910		3.6	4.7	5.0	—	UHD 630	1.20					OEM
	10900		2.8	4.5		5.1				—	65		$438
	10900F						—						$422
	10900T		1.9	3.7	4.5	4.6	UHD 630	1.20		25	35		$438
	10850K		3.6	4.7	5.0	5.1				95	125		$453
Core i7	10700K	8 (16)	3.8						16				$374
	10700KF						—						$349
	10700		2.9	4.6	4.7	4.8	UHD 630	1.20		—	65		$323
	10700F						—						$298
	10700T		2.0	3.7	4.4	4.5	UHD 630	1.20		25	35		$325
Core i5	10600K	6 (12)	4.1	4.5	4.8	—			12	95	125	DDR4-2666 2-channel up to 128 GB	$262
	10600KF						—						$237
	10600		3.3	4.4	4.8		UHD 630	1.20		—	65		$213
	10600T		2.4	3.7	4.0					25	35
	10500		3.1	4.2	4.5			1.15		—	65		$192
	10500T		2.3	3.5	3.8					25	35
	10400		2.9	4.0	4.3			1.10		—	65		$182
	10400F						—						$157
	10400T		2.0	3.2	3.6		UHD 630	1.10		25	35		$182
Core i3	10320	4 (8)	3.8	4.4	4.6			1.15	8	—	65		$154
	10300		3.7	4.2	4.4								$143
	10300T		3.0	3.6	3.9			1.10		25	35
	10100		3.6	4.1	4.3				6	—	65		$122
	10100F						—						$79 - $97
	10100T		3.0	3.5	3.8		UHD 630	1.10		25	35		p

Mobile processors (H-Series)

Processor branding	Model	Cores (Threads)	CPU clock speed (GHz)		GPU		Smart cache (MB)	TDP (W)			Memory support	Price (USD)
			Base	Max. Turbo	Model	Max. freq. (GHz)
								Down	Base	Up
Core i9	10980HK	8 (16)	2.4	5.3	UHD 630	1.25	16	—	45	65	DDR4-2933 2-channel up to 128 GB	$583
	10885H							35		—		$556
Core i7	10875H		2.3	5.1		1.20						$450
	10870H		2.2	5.0								$417
	10850H	6 (12)	2.7	5.1		1.15	12					$395
	10750H		2.6	5.0
Core i5	10500H		2.5	4.5		1.05						$250
	10400H	4 (8)	2.6	4.6		1.10	8
	10300H		2.5	4.5		1.05
	10200H		2.4	4.1	UHD 610

Mobile processors (U-Series)

Processor branding	Model	Cores (Threads)	CPU clock speed (GHz)		GPU		L3 cache (MB)	TDP			Memory support	Price (USD)
			Base	Max. Turbo	Model	Max. freq.
								Down	Base	Up
Core i7	10810U	6 (12)	1.1	4.9	UHD 620	1.15	12	12.5	15	25	DDR4-2666 LPDDR3-2133	$443
	10710U			4.7
	10610U	4 (8)	1.8	4.9			8	10				$409
	10510U
Core i5	10310U		1.7	4.4			6					$297
	10210U		1.6	4.2		1.10
Core i3	10110U	2 (4)	2.1	4.1		1.00	4					$281

Comet Lake Refresh microarchitecture

Processor branding	Model	Cores (Threads)	CPU clock rate (GHz)			GPU		Smart cache (MB)	TDP		Memory support	Price (USD)
			Base	All-Core Turbo	Turbo Boost 2.0	Model	Max. freq.
									Down	Base
Core i5	10505	6 (12)	3.2	4.3	4.6	UHD 630	1.2	12	N/A	65	DDR4-2666 2-channel up to 128 GB	$192
Core i3	10325	4 (8)	3.9	4.5	4.7		1.15	8	—	65		$154
	10305		3.8	4.3	4.5							$143
	10305T		3.0	3.7	4.0		1.10		25	35
	10105		3.7	4.2	4.4			6	—	65		$122
	10105F					—						$97
	10105T		3.0	3.6	3.9	UHD 630	1.10		25	35		$122

Amber Lake Refresh microarchitecture

List of Amber Lake Refresh Y-series processors

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	CPU clock rate	Turbo Boost clock rate			GPU	Max GPU clock rate	L3 cache	TDP	cTDP		Memory	Price
				1 core	2 cores	4 cores					Up	Down
Core i7	10510Y	4 (8)	1.2 GHz	4.5 GHz		3.2 GHz	UHD for 10th Gen Processors	1150 MHz	8 MB	7 W	9 W	4.5 W	LPDDR3-2133	US$403
Core i5	10310Y		1.1 GHz	4.1 GHz		2.8 GHz		1050 MHz	6 MB			5.5 W		US$292
	10210Y		1.0 GHz	4.0 GHz		2.7 GHz						4.5 W
Core i3	10110Y	2 (4)			3.7 GHz	—		1000 MHz	4 MB			5.5 W		US$287

11th generation

Tiger Lake

Main article: Tiger Lake

Launched on September 2, 2020.

Architecture changes compared to Ice Lake

CPU

• Intel Willow Cove CPU cores^[117]
• Larger level two and level three (L2/L3) caches
• A new AVX-512 instruction: Vector Pair Intersection to a Pair of Mask Registers, VP2INTERSECT^[118][119]
• Control Flow Enforcement Technology to prevent Return Oriented Programming and Jump Oriented Programming hacking techniques^[120]
• Full memory (RAM) encryption^[121]
• Indirect branch tracking and shadow stack^[122]
• Intel Key Locker^[123][124]
• AVX/AVX2 instructions support for Pentium Gold and Celeron processors has been unlocked

GPU

• Intel Xe-LP ("Gen12") GPU with up to 96 execution units^[125] (50% uplift compared to Ice Lake) with some yet to be announced processors using Intel's discrete GPU, DG1^[126][127]
• Fixed-function hardware decoding for High Efficiency Video Coding 12-bit, 4:2:2/4:4:4; VP9 12-bit 4:4:4 and AV1 8K 10-bit 4:2:0^{[128][129][130]}
• Support for a single 8K 12-bit High-dynamic-range video display or two 4K resolution 10-bit HDR displays
• Hardware accelerated Dolby Vision
• Sampler Feedback^{[131][132][133]} support

I/O

• PCI Express 4.0^[134] (Pentium and Celeron CPUs are limited to PCI Express 3.0)
• Thunderbolt 4 (includes USB4)
• LPDDR4X-4267 memory support
• LPDDR5-5400 "architecture capability" (Intel expects Tiger Lake products with LPDDR5 to be available around Q1 2021)^{[135][136][137]} Designs with LPDDR5 memory are yet to be announced as of March 2022.

Miniaturization of CPU and motherboard into an M.2 SSD-sized small circuit board^[126]

Mobile processors (Tiger Lake-H)

• All models support DDR4-3200 memory
• All models support 20 reconfigurable PCI Express 4.0 lanes, allowing x16 Gen 4 link for discrete GPU and x4 Gen 4 link for M.2 SSDs

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	Base freq at TDP			Max Turbo freq, active cores				UHD Graphics		Smart cache	TDP	Price
			@35 W	@45 W	@65 W	1 or 2	4	6	All	EUs	Max freq
Core i9	11980HK	8 (16)	—	2.6 GHz	3.3 GHz	5.0 GHz	4.9 GHz	4.7 GHz	4.5 GHz	32	1.45 GHz	24 MB	45-65 W	$583
	11950H vPro		2.1 GHz		N/A								35-45 W	$556
	11900H			2.5 GHz		4.9 GHz	4.8 GHz	4.6 GHz	4.4 GHz					$546
Core i7	11850H vPro					4.8 GHz	4.8 GHz	4.6 GHz	4.3 GHz					$395
	11800H		1.9 GHz	2.3 GHz		4.6 GHz	4.5 GHz	4.4 GHz	4.2 GHz
Core i5	11500H vPro	6 (12)	2.4 GHz	2.9 GHz		4.6 GHz	4.4 GHz	4.2 GHz				12 MB		$250
	11400H		2.2 GHz	2.7 GHz		4.5 GHz	4.3 GHz	4.1 GHz		16
	11260H		2.1 GHz	2.6 GHz		4.4 GHz	4.2 GHz	4.0 GHz			1.40 GHz

Mobile processors (Tiger Lake-H35)

• All models support DDR4-3200 or LPDDR4X-4267 memory

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	Base freq at TDP		Max Turbo freq active cores			Iris Xe Graphics		Smart cache	TDP	Price
			@28 W	@35 W	1	2	All	EUs	Max freq
Core i7	11390H	4 (8)	2.9 GHz	3.4 GHz	5.0 GHz		4.6 GHz	96	1.40 GHz	12 MB	28-35 W	$426
	11375H		3.0 GHz	3.3 GHz	5.0 GHz	4.8 GHz	4.3 GHz		1.35 GHz			$482
	11370H				4.8 GHz							$426
Core i5	11320H		2.5 GHz	3.2 GHz	4.5 GHz					8 MB		$309
	11300H		2.6 GHz	3.1 GHz	4.4 GHz		4.0 GHz	80	1.30 GHz

Mobile processors (UP3-class)

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	Base freq at TDP			Max Turbo freq		GPU			Smart cache	TDP	Memory support	Price
			@12 W	@15 W	@28 W	1 Core	All Cores	Series	EUs	Max freq
Core i7	1195G7	4 (8)	1.3 GHz		2.9 GHz	5.0 GHz	4.6 GHz	Iris Xe	96	1.40 GHz	12 MB	12-28 W	DDR4-3200 LPDDR4X-4267	$426
	1185G7 vPro		1.2 GHz	1.8 GHz^[136]	3.0 GHz	4.8 GHz	4.3 GHz			1.35 GHz
	1165G7		1.2 GHz	1.7 GHz	2.8 GHz	4.7 GHz	4.1 GHz			1.30 GHz
Core i5	1155G7		1.0 GHz		2.5 GHz	4.5 GHz	4.3 GHz		80	1.35 GHz	8 MB			$309
	1145G7 vPro		1.1 GHz	1.5 GHz	2.6 GHz	4.4 GHz	3.8 GHz			1.30 GHz
	1135G7		0.9 GHz	1.4 GHz	2.4 GHz	4.2 GHz	3.8 GHz
Core i3	1125G4				2.0 GHz	3.7 GHz	3.3 GHz	UHD	48	1.25 GHz			DDR4-3200 LPDDR4X-3733	$281
	1115G4	2 (4)	1.7 GHz	2.2 GHz	3.0 GHz	4.1 GHz					6 MB

Embedded mobile processors (UP3-class)

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	Base freq at TDP			Max Turbo freq	GPU			Smart cache	TDP	Memory support		Price
			@12 W	@15 W	@28 W		Series	EUs	Max freq			Type	ECC
Core i7	1185GRE vPro	4 (8)	1.2 GHz	1.8 GHz	2.8 GHz	4.4 GHz	Iris Xe	96	1.35 GHz	12 MB	15 W	DDR4-3200 LPDDR4X-4267	Yes	$490
	1185G7E vPro												No	$431
Core i5	1145GRE vPro		1.1 GHz	1.5 GHz	2.6 GHz	4.1 GHz		80	1.30 GHz	8 MB			Yes	$362
	1145G7E vPro												No	$312
Core i3	1115GRE	2 (4)	1.7 GHz	2.2 GHz	3.0 GHz	3.9 GHz	UHD	48	1.25 GHz	6 MB		DDR4-3200 LPDDR4X-3733	Yes	$338
	1115G4E												No	$285

Mobile processors (UP4-class)

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	Base freq at TDP			Max Turbo freq		GPU			Smart cache	TDP	Memory support	Price
			@7 W	@9 W	@15 W	1 Core	All Cores	Series	EUs	Max freq
Core i7	1180G7 vPro	4 (8)	0.9 GHz		2.2 GHz	4.6 GHz		Iris Xe	96	1.10 GHz	12 MB	7-15 W	LPDDR4X-4267	$426
	1160G7			1.2 GHz	2.1 GHz	4.4 GHz	3.6 GHz
Core i5	1140G7 vPro		0.8 GHz		1.8 GHz	4.2 GHz			80		8 MB			$309
	1130G7			1.1 GHz		4.0 GHz	3.4 GHz
Core i3	1120G4				1.5 GHz	3.5 GHz	3.0 GHz	UHD	48					$281
	1110G4	2 (4)	1.5 GHz	1.8 GHz	2.5 GHz	3.9 GHz					6 MB

Desktop/tablet processors (Tiger Lake-B)

• Socket: FCBGA1787, a BGA socket, thus these CPUs are meant only for system integrators
• Intel Xe UHD Graphics
• Up to 128 GB DDR4-3200 memory
• Was initially incorrectly listed as having a 5.3 GHz TVB boost frequency.^[138]

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	Base / Boost Clocks (GHz)	L3 cache (MB)	TDP	GPU EU	GPU Max freq	Price
Core i9	11900KB	8 (16)	3.3 / 4.9	24	65 W	32	1.45 GHz	$539
Core i7	11700B		3.2 / 4.8
Core i5	11500B	6 (12)	3.3 / 4.6	12
Core i3	11100B	4 (8)	3.6 / 4.4			16	1.4 GHz

Rocket Lake microarchitecture

Main article: Rocket Lake

Rocket Lake is a codename for Intel's desktop x86 chip family based on the new Cypress Cove microarchitecture, a variant of Sunny Cove (used by Intel's Ice Lake mobile processors) backported to the older 14 nm process.^[139] The chips are marketed as "Intel 11th generation Core". Launched March 30, 2021.

Architecture changes in comparison with Comet Lake

CPU

• Intel Cypress Cove CPU cores
• Up to 19% claimed increase in IPC (instructions-per-clock)^[139][140]
• DL Boost (low-precision arithmetic for Deep Learning) and AVX-512 instructions
• Compared to its predecessors, SGX instruction set extensions are removed^[141][142]

GPU

• Intel Xe-LP ("Gen12") GPU with up to 32 execution units^[125][143]
• Fixed-function hardware decoding for HEVC 12-bit, 4:2:2/4:4:4; VP9 12-bit 4:4:4 and AV1 8K 10-bit 4:2:0^{[128][129][130]}
• DisplayPort 1.4a with Display Stream Compression; HDMI 2.0b
• Support for a single 8K 12-bit HDR display or two 4K 10-bit HDR displays
• Hardware accelerated Dolby Vision
• Sampler Feedback^{[131][132][133][144]} support
• Dual Queue Support^[145]
• Variable Rate Shading^[143][146]
• Integer- and nearest neighbor image scaling^[147]
• GPUs on desktop CPUs support 5K 60 Hz

I/O

• Up to 20 CPU lanes of PCI Express 4.0^[148]
• DDR4-3200 memory support^[139]
• USB 3.2 Gen 2×2
• Optional USB4 / Thunderbolt 4 when paired with Intel JHL8540 Thunderbolt 4 Controller^[149][150]
• DMI 3.0 x8 link with Intel 500 Series Chipsets

Desktop processors

• All CPUs listed below support DDR4-3200 natively. The Core i9 K/KF processors enable a 1:1 ratio of DRAM to memory controller by default at DDR4-3200, whereas the Core i9 non K/KF and all other CPUs listed below enable a 2:1 ratio of DRAM to memory controller by default at DDR4-3200 and a 1:1 ratio by default at DDR4-2933.^[151]
• All CPUs support up to 128 GiB of RAM in dual channel mode
• Core i9 CPUs (except 11900T) support Intel Thermal Velocity Boost technology

Processor branding	Model	Cores (Threads)	Base clock rate	All-Core Turbo	Turbo Boost 2.0	Turbo Boost Max 3.0	GPU	max GPU clock rate	Smart cache	TDP	Price (USD)
Core i9	11900K	8 (16)	3.5 GHz	4.8 GHz	5.1 GHz	5.2 GHz	UHD 750	1.3 GHz	16 MiB	125 W	$539
	11900KF						-				$513
	11900		2.5 GHz	4.7 GHz	5.0 GHz	5.1 GHz	UHD 750	1.3 GHz		65 W	$439
	11900F						-				$422
	11900T		1.5 GHz	3.7 GHz	4.8 GHz	4.9 GHz	UHD 750	1.3 GHz		35 W	$439
Core i7	11700K		3.6 GHz	4.6 GHz	4.9 GHz	5.0 GHz				125W	$399
	11700KF						-				$374
	11700		2.5 GHz	4.4 GHz	4.8 GHz	4.9 GHz	UHD 750	1.3 GHz		65W	$323
	11700F						-				$298
	11700T		1.4 GHz	3.6 GHz	4.5 GHz	4.6 GHz	UHD 750	1.3 GHz		35 W	$323
Core i5	11600K	6 (12)	3.9 GHz	4.6 GHz	4.9 GHz	N/A			12 MiB	125 W	$262
	11600KF						-				$237
	11600		2.8 GHz	4.3 GHz	4.8 GHz		UHD 750	1.3 GHz		65 W	$213
	11600T		1.7 GHz	3.5 GHz	4.1 GHz					35 W
	11500		2.7 GHz	4.2 GHz	4.6 GHz					65 W	$192
	11500T		1.5 GHz	3.4 GHz	3.9 GHz			1.2 GHz		35 W
	11400		2.6 GHz	4.2 GHz	4.4 GHz		UHD 730	1.3 GHz		65 W	$182
	11400F						-				$157
	11400T		1.3 GHz	3.3 GHz	3.7 GHz		UHD 730	1.2 GHz		35 W	$182

12th generation

Alder Lake

Main article: Alder Lake

Alder Lake is Intel's codename for the 12th generation of Intel Core processors based on a hybrid architecture utilizing Golden Cove high-performance cores and Gracemont power-efficient cores.^[152]
It is fabricated using Intel's Intel 7 process, previously referred to as Intel 10 nm Enhanced SuperFin (10ESF).
Intel officially announced 12th Gen Intel Core CPUs on October 27, 2021, and was launched to the market on November 4, 2021.^[153]

Architecture changes in comparison to Rocket Lake

CPU

Further information: Golden Cove and Gracemont (microarchitecture)

• Golden Cove high-performance "Performance-cores" (P-cores)
  • Dedicated floating-point adders^[154]
  • New 6-wide instruction decoder (up from 4-wide in Rocket Lake/Tiger Lake) with the ability to fetch up to 32 bytes of instructions per cycle (up from 16)^[154]
  • 12 execution ports (up from 10)
  • 512 reorder-buffer entries (up from 384)
  • 6-wide μOP allocations (up from 5)
  • μOP cache size increased to 4K entries (up from 2.25K)
  • AVX-VNNI, a VEX-coded variant of AVX512-VNNI for 256-bit vectors
  • AVX-512 (including FP16) is present but disabled by default to match E-cores. It still can be enabled on some motherboards by disabling the E-cores^[154][155]
  • ~18% IPC uplift.^[156]
• Gracemont high-efficiency "Efficient-cores" (E-cores)
  • E-cores are organized in 4-core modules; L2 cache is shared between E-cores within a module
  • 256 reorder-buffer entries (up from 208 in Tremont)
  • 17 execution ports (up from 12)
  • AVX2, FMA and AVX-VNNI to catch up with P-cores
  • Skylake-like IPC.^[156]
• new instruction set extensions^[157]
• up to 1 TB/s interconnect between cores^[154]
• Intel Thread Director / Hardware Feedback Interface (HFI),^[158][159] a hardware technology to assist the OS thread scheduler with more efficient load distribution between heterogeneous CPU cores.^[136] Enabling this new capability requires support in operating systems. Microsoft added support for Thread Director to Windows 11,^[154][160] while support to Linux was merged in kernel 5.18.^[159][161]
• up to 30 MB L3 cache^[154]
• nomenclature:
  • up to 8 P-cores and 8 E-cores on desktop^[156]
  • up to 6 P-cores and 8 E-cores on mobile (UP3 designs)^[156]
  • up to 2 P-cores and 8 E-cores on ultra mobile (UP4 designs)^[156]
• only P-cores feature Hyper-threading

GPU

• Intel Xe (Gen12.2) GPU
• up to 96 EU on mobile and 32 EU on desktop^[154]

I/O

• LGA 1700 socket^[162] for desktop processors
• BGA Type3 and Type4 HDI for mobile processors^[136]
• 20 PCIe lanes from CPU
  • 16 PCIe 5.0 lanes^[154]
  • 04 PCIe 4.0 lanes^[154]
• Chipset link - DMI 4.0 x8 link with Intel 600 series PCH chipsets
• DDR5, DDR4, LPDDR5, and LPDDR4 memory support
  • up to DDR4-3200
  • up to DDR5-4800
  • XMP 3.0^[163]
  • Dynamic Memory Boost^[163]
• Integrated Thunderbolt 4 and WiFi 6E support^[164]

Desktop processors (Alder Lake-S)

• All the CPUs support up to 128 GB of DDR4-3200 or DDR5-4800 RAM in dual channel mode.^[165]
• Some models feature integrated UHD Graphics 770, UHD Graphics 730 or UHD Graphics 710 GPU with 32/24/16 EUs and base frequency of 300 MHz.
• By default Alder Lake CPUs are configured to run at Turbo Power at all times and Base Power is only guaranteed when P-Cores/E-cores do not exceed the base clock rate.^[154]
• Max Turbo Power: the maximum sustained (> 1 s) power dissipation of the processor as limited by current and/or temperature controls. Instantaneous power may exceed Maximum Turbo Power for short durations (≤ 10 ms). Maximum Turbo Power is configurable by system vendor and can be system specific.
• CPUs in bold below feature ECC memory support only when paired with a motherboard based on the W680 chipset.^[166]

*By default, Core i9 12900KS achieves 5.5 GHz only when using Thermal Velocity Boost^[167]

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)		Base clock rate		Turbo Boost 2.0		Turbo Max 3.0	GPU		Smart cache	Power		Price (USD)
		P	E	P	E	P	E	P	Model	Max. clock rate		Base	Turbo
Core i9	12900KS	8 (16)	8 (8)	3.4 GHz	2.5 GHz	5.2 GHz	4.0 GHz	5.3 GHz	UHD 770	1.55 GHz	30 MB	150 W	241 W	$739
	12900K			3.2 GHz	2.4 GHz	5.1 GHz	3.9 GHz	5.2 GHz				125 W		$589
	12900KF								—					$564
	12900			2.4 GHz	1.8 GHz	5.0 GHz	3.8 GHz	5.1 GHz	UHD 770	1.55 GHz		65 W	202 W	$489
	12900F								—					$464
	12900T			1.4 GHz	1.0 GHz	4.8 GHz	3.6 GHz	4.9 GHz	UHD 770	1.55 GHz		35 W	106 W	$489
Core i7	12700K		4 (4)	3.6 GHz	2.7 GHz	4.9 GHz	3.8 GHz	5.0 GHz		1.50 GHz	25 MB	125 W	190 W	$409
	12700KF								—					$384
	12700			2.1 GHz	1.6 GHz	4.8 GHz	3.6 GHz	4.9 GHz	UHD 770	1.50 GHz		65 W	180 W	$339
	12700F								—					$314
	12700T			1.4 GHz	1.0 GHz	4.6 GHz	3.4 GHz	4.7 GHz	UHD 770	1.50 GHz		35 W	99 W	$339
Core i5	12600K	6 (12)		3.7 GHz	2.8 GHz	4.9 GHz	3.6 GHz	—		1.45 GHz	20 MB	125 W	150 W	$289
	12600KF								—					$264
	12600		—	3.3 GHz	—	4.8 GHz	—		UHD 770	1.45 GHz	18 MB	65 W	117 W	$223
	12600T			2.1 GHz		4.6 GHz						35 W	74 W
	12500			3.0 GHz								65 W	117 W	$202
	12500T			2.0 GHz		4.4 GHz						35 W	74 W
	12490F^[168]			3.0 GHz		4.6 GHz			—		20 MB	65 W	117 W	China exclusive
	12400			2.5 GHz		4.4 GHz			UHD 730	1.45 GHz	18 MB			$192
	12400F								—					$167
	12400T			1.8 GHz		4.2 GHz			UHD 730	1.45 GHz		35 W	74 W	$192
Core i3	12300	4 (8)		3.5 GHz		4.4 GHz					12 MB	60 W	89 W	$143
	12300T			2.3 GHz		4.2 GHz						35 W	69 W
	12100			3.3 GHz		4.3 GHz				1.40 GHz		60 W	89 W	$122
	12100F								—			58 W		$97
	12100T			2.2 GHz		4.1 GHz			UHD 730	1.40 GHz		35 W	69 W	$122

Extreme-performance Mobile Processors (Alder Lake-HX)

• Bold indicates ECC memory support

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)		Base clock rate		Turbo Boost 2.0		UHD Graphics		Smart cache	Power		Price (USD)
		P	E	P	E	P	E	EUs	Max. freq.		Base	Turbo
Core i9	12950HX	8 (16)	8 (8)	2.3 GHz	1.7 GHz	5.0 GHz	3.6 GHz	32	1.55 GHz	30 MB	55 W	157 W	$590
	12900HX												$606
Core i7	12850HX			2.1 GHz	1.5 GHz	4.8 GHz	3.4 GHz		1.45 GHz	25 MB			$428
	12800HX			2.0 GHz									$457
	12650HX	6 (12)				4.7 GHz	3.3 GHz			24 MB
Core i5	12600HX	4 (8)		2.5 GHz	1.8 GHz	4.6 GHz			1.35 GHz	18 MB			$284
	12450HX		4 (4)	2.4 GHz		4.4 GHz	3.1 GHz	16	1.30 GHz	12 MB

High-performance Mobile Processors (Alder Lake-H)

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)		Base clock rate		Turbo Boost 2.0		Iris Xe Graphics		Smart cache	Base Power	Turbo power	Price (USD)
		P-cores	E-cores	P-cores	E-cores	P-cores	E-cores	EUs	Max freq
Core i9	12900HK	6 (12)	8 (8)	2.5 GHz	1.8 GHz	5.0 GHz	3.8 GHz	96	1.45 GHz	24 MB	45 W	115 W	$635
	12900H												$617
Core i7	12800H			2.4 GHz		4.8 GHz	3.7 GHz		1.4 GHz				$457
	12700H			2.3 GHz	1.7 GHz	4.7 GHz	3.5 GHz
	12650H		4 (4)					64
Core i5	12600H	4 (8)	8 (8)	2.7 GHz	2.0 GHz	4.5 GHz	3.3 GHz	80		18 MB		95 W	$311
	12500H			2.5 GHz	1.8 GHz				1.3 GHz
	12450H		4 (4)	2.0 GHz	1.5 GHz	4.4 GHz		48	1.2 GHz	12 MB

Low Power Performance Mobile Processors (Alder Lake-P)

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)		Base clock rate		Turbo Boost 2.0		Iris Xe Graphics		Smart cache	Base Power	Turbo power	Price (USD)
		P-cores	E-cores	P-cores	E-cores	P-cores	E-cores	EUs	Max freq
Core i7	1280P	6 (12)	8 (8)	1.8 GHz	1.3 GHz	4.8 GHz	3.6 GHz	96	1.45 GHz	24 MB	28 W	64 W	$482
	1270P	4 (8)		2.2 GHz	1.6 GHz		3.5 GHz		1.40 GHz	18 MB			$438
	1260P			2.1 GHz	1.5 GHz	4.7 GHz	3.4 GHz
Core i5	1250P			1.7 GHz	1.2 GHz	4.4 GHz	3.3 GHz	80		12 MB			$320
	1240P								1.30 GHz
Core i3	1220P	2 (4)		1.5 GHz	1.1 GHz			64	1.10 GHz				$281

Ultra Low Power Mobile Processors (Alder Lake-U)

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)		Base clock rate		Turbo Boost 2.0		Iris Xe Graphics		Smart cache	Base power	Turbo power	Price (USD)
		P-cores	E-cores	P-cores	E-cores	P-cores	E-cores	EUs	Max freq
Core i7	1265U	2 (4)	8 (8)	1.8 GHz	1.3 GHz	4.8 GHz	3.6 GHz	96	1.25 GHz	12 MB	15 W	55 W	$426
	1260U			1.1 GHz	0.8 GHz	4.7 GHz	3.5 GHz		0.9 GHz		9 W	29 W
	1255U			1.7 GHz	1.2 GHz				1.25 GHz		15 W	55 W	$426
	1250U			1.1 GHz	0.8 GHz				0.9 GHz		9 W	29 W
Core i5	1245U			1.6 GHz	1.2 GHz	4.4 GHz	3.3 GHz	80	1.2 GHz		15 W	55 W	$309
	1240U			1.1 GHz	0.8 GHz				0.9 GHz		9 W	29 W
	1235U			1.3 GHz	0.9 GHz				1.2 GHz		15 W	55 W	$309
	1230U			1.0 GHz	0.7 GHz				0.9 GHz		9 W	29 W
Core i3	1215U		4 (4)	1.2 GHz	1.2 GHz			64	1.1 GHz	10 MB	15 W	55 W	$281
	1210U			1.0 GHz	0.7 GHz				0.85 GHz		9 W	29 W

13th generation

Main article: Raptor Lake

Raptor Lake is Intel's codename for the 13th generation of Intel Core processors and the second generation based on a hybrid architecture.^[169]
It is fabricated using an improved version of Intel's Intel 7 process.^[170] Intel launched Raptor Lake on October 22, 2022.

Architecture changes in comparison to Alder Lake

CPU

• Raptor Cove high-performance "Performance Cores" (P-cores)^[171]
  • 2 MiB of L2 cache per core (up from 1.28 MiB on Alder Lake)
  • Frequency increase of 600 Mhz
• Gracemount high-efficiency cores "Efficiency Cores" (E-cores)^[171]
  • Doubling of the shared L2 cache per cluster from 2 MiB to 4 MiB.
  • Doubling of E-Cores on most desktop processors
• Up to 36 MiB of L3 cache^[172]

GPU

• Up to 1.65 GHz of maximum frequency on the i9 13900K^[171]

I/O

• LGA 1700 socket for desktop (same as Alder Lake)^{[173][171][174]}
• Intel 700 series chipset (backwards compatible with 600 series)^[174]
• 20 Pcie lanes from CPU
  • 16 Pcie Gen 5 lanes
  • 4 Pcie Gen 4 lanes
• DDR5, DDR4, LPDDR5, and LPDDR4 support
  • Up to 192 GiB of RAM
  • Up to DDR4 3200 support
  • Up to DDR5 5600 support
  • XMP 3.0 support

Integrated Thunderbolt 4 and WiFi 6E support

Desktop Processors (Raptor Lake-S)

• All CPUs support up to DDR5 4800 and 192 GiB of RAM
  • 13600 and better support DDR5 5600
  • 13500 and lower support DDR5 4800
• Intel 600 and 700 chipset support with LGA 1700
  • Intel 600 Series chipsets require BIOS update to achieve support for Raptor Lake-S
• First 6 GHz processor (13900KS)*

*By default, Core i9 13900KS achieves 6.0 GHz only when using Thermal Velocity Boost with sufficient power and cooling.

Processor branding	Model	Cores (Threads)		Base clock rate		Turbo Boost 2.0		Turbo Boost 3.0	Iris Xe Graphics		Smart cache	Power		Price (USD)
		P-core	E-core	P-core	E-core	P-core	E-core	P-core	EUs	Max freq		Base	Turbo
Core i9	13900KS	8 (16)	16 (16)	3.2 GHz	2.4 GHz	5.4 GHz	4.3 GHz	5.8 GHz	32	1.65 GHz	36 MB	150 W	253 W	$689
	13900K			3.0 GHz	2.2 GHz			5.7 GHz				125 W		$589
	13900KF								—					$564
	13900			2.0 GHz	1.5 GHz	5.2 GHz	4.2 GHz	5.5 GHz	32	1.65 GHz		65 W	219 W	$549
	13900F								—					$524
	13900T			1.1 GHz	0.8 GHz	5.1 GHz	3.9 GHz	5.3 GHz	32	1.65 GHz		35 W	106 W	$549
Core i7	13700K		8 (8)	3.4 GHz	2.5 GHz	5.3 GHz	4.2 GHz	5.4 GHz		1.60 GHz	30 MB	125 W	253 W	$409
	13700KF								—					$384
	13700			2.1 GHz	1.5 GHz	5.1 GHz	4.1 GHz	5.2 GHz	32	1.60 GHz		65 W	219 W
	13700F								—					$359
	13700T			1.4 GHz	1.0 GHz	4.8 GHz	3.6 GHz	4.9 GHz	32	1.60 GHz		35 W	106 W	$384
Core i5	13600K	6 (12)		3.5 GHz	2.6 GHz	5.1 GHz	3.9 GHz	—		1.50 GHz	24 MB	125 W	181 W	$319
	13600KF								—					$294
	13600			2.7 GHz	2.0 GHz	5.0 GHz	3.7 GHz		32	1.55 GHz		65 W	154 W	$255
	13600T			1.8 GHz	1.3 GHz	4.8 GHz	3.4 GHz					35 W	92 W
	13500			2.5 GHz	1.8 GHz		3.5 GHz					65 W	154 W	$232
	13500T			1.6 GHz	1.2 GHz	4.6 GHz	3.2 GHz					35 W	92 W
	13400		4 (4)	2.5 GHz	1.8 GHz		3.3 GHz		24		20 MB	65 W	148 W	$221
	13400F								—					$196
	13400T			1.3 GHz	1.0 GHz	4.4 GHz	3.0 GHz		24	1.55 GHz		35 W	82 W	$221
Core i3	13100	4 (8)	—	3.4 GHz	—	4.5 GHz	—			1.50 GHz	12 MB	60 W	89 W	$134
	13100F								—			58 W		$109
	13100T			2.5 GHz		4.2 GHz			24	1.50 GHz		35 W	69 W	$134

14th generation

Main article: Raptor Lake Refresh

Raptor Lake Refresh is Intel's codename for the 14th generation of Intel Core processors. It is a refresh and based on the same architecture of the 13th generation with clock speeds of up to 6 GHz on the Core i9 14900K and 14900KF, 5.6 GHz on the Core i7 14700K and 14700KF, and 5.3 GHz on the Core i5 14600K and 13400KF as well as UHD Graphics 770 on non-F processors. They are still based on the Intel 7 process node.^[175] Introduced on October 17, 2023, these CPUs are designed for the LGA 1700 socket, which allows for compatibility with 600 and 700 series motherboards.^[176]

The 14th generation CPU does not feature any major architectural changes over Raptor Lake, but does feature some minor improvements.^[177] The 14th generation CPU is widely criticized as a last-ditch effort to beat AMD's Zen 4 with X3D V-Cache^[178][179] as Intel's desktop version of the next generation architecture, Meteor Lake, was cancelled and the Arrow Lake architecture was not yet ready for release.^[180]

Architecture comparison to 13th generation desktop^[175][177]

• Same LGA 1700 socket
  • 600 and 700 series chipsets require a BIOS update to support 14th generation CPU.
• Same DDR4 and DDR5 support
  • DDR4-3200
  • DDR5-5600
• Increased E-core count on i7s when compared to 13700K (added four E-cores)

Reception

Vulnerabilities

In early 2018, news reports indicated that the security flaws Meltdown and Spectre were found "in virtually all Intel processors [made in the past two decades] that will require fixes within Windows, macOS and Linux". The flaw also affected cloud servers. At the time, Intel was not commenting on this issue.^[181][182] According to a New York Times report, "There is no easy fix for Spectre ... as for Meltdown, the software patch needed to fix the issue could slow down computers by as much as 30 percent".^[183]

In mid 2018, the majority of Intel Core processors were found to possess a defect (the Foreshadow vulnerability), which undermines the Software Guard Extensions (SGX) feature of the processor.^{[184][185][186]}

In March 2020, computer security experts reported another Intel chip security flaw, besides the Meltdown and Spectre flaws, with the systematic name CVE-2019-0090 (or, "Intel CSME Bug", referencing the Converged Security and Management Engine). This newly found flaw is not fixable with a firmware update, and affects nearly "all Intel chips released in the past five years".^{[187][188][189]}

See also

• Intel Core (microarchitecture)
• List of Intel graphics processing units
• List of Intel processors
• List of Intel Core processors
• List of Intel Core 2 processors
• List of Intel Core M processors
• List of Intel Core i3 processors
• List of Intel Core i5 processors
• List of Intel Core i7 processors
• List of Intel Core i9 processors
• List of Intel chipsets
• Ryzen
• Zen (microarchitecture)

References

1. . Intel. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
2. Cao, Peter (June 15, 2023). "Intel drops 'i' processor branding after 15 years, introduces 'Ultra' for higher-end chips". Engadget. Retrieved June 17, 2023.
3. Cutress, Ian. "The Ice Lake Benchmark Preview: Inside Intel's 10nm". www.anandtech.com. Retrieved October 23, 2020.
4. "Hiérarchie des caches - L'architecture Intel Nehalem - HardWare.fr". www.hardware.fr. Retrieved October 23, 2020.
5. Kanter, David. "Intel's Sandy Bridge Microarchitecture". Retrieved October 24, 2020.
6. "Willow Cove - Microarchitectures - Intel - WikiChip". en.wikichip.org. Retrieved October 23, 2020.
7. Cutress, Ian; Frumusanu, Andrei. "Intel's Tiger Lake 11th Gen Core i7-1185G7 Review and Deep Dive: Baskin' for the Exotic". www.anandtech.com. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
8. "Intel Core i7-5775C - CM8065802483301 / BX80658I75775C". www.cpu-world.com. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
9. "Noyau (suite) - L'architecture Intel Nehalem - HardWare.fr". www.hardware.fr. Retrieved October 23, 2020.
10. "File:broadwell buffer window.png - WikiChip". en.wikichip.org. Retrieved October 23, 2020.
11. "File:sunny cove buffer capacities.png - WikiChip". en.wikichip.org. Retrieved October 23, 2020.
12. "Popping the Hood on Golden Cove". chipsandcheese.com. December 2, 2021. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
13. "Sunny Cove - Microarchitectures - Intel - WikiChip". en.wikichip.org. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
14. Kanter, David. "Intel's Sandy Bridge Microarchitecture". Retrieved November 9, 2020.
15. Shimpi, Anand Lal. "Intel's Haswell Architecture Analyzed: Building a New PC and a New Intel". www.anandtech.com. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
16. Cutress, Ian. "Examining Intel's Ice Lake Processors: Taking a Bite of the Sunny Cove Microarchitecture". www.anandtech.com. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
17. "Intel launches three Core M CPUs, promises more Broadwell "early 2015"". Ars Technica. September 5, 2014. from the original on January 5, 2015.
18. . TG Daily. Archived from the original on September 13, 2007. Retrieved September 7, 2007.
19. . TG Daily. Archived from the original on November 2, 2007. Retrieved October 1, 2007.
20. . Intel. Archived from the original on April 19, 2010. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
21. . Intel. Archived from the original on April 17, 2010. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
22. . Intel. Archived from the original on June 12, 2009. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
23. . Intel. Archived from the original on September 26, 2011. Retrieved December 13, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
24. . Intel. Archived from the original on January 7, 2011. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
25. . Intel. Archived from the original on April 3, 2009. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
26. . Intel. Archived from the original on March 6, 2011. Retrieved December 13, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
27. . Intel. Archived from the original on May 6, 2015. Retrieved December 13, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
28. . Intel. Archived from the original on March 16, 2010. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
29. . Intel. Archived from the original on February 21, 2011. Retrieved December 13, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
30. . Intel. Archived from the original on July 22, 2010. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
31. (PDF). Intel. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 5, 2009. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
32. . Intel. Archived from the original on April 15, 2011. Retrieved July 21, 2011.
33. . Intel. July 9, 2010. Archived from the original on January 1, 2011. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
34. "Intel Quietly Announces Core i5 and Core i3 Branding". AnandTech. from the original on March 23, 2010. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
35. . Apcmag.com. September 14, 2009. Archived from the original on September 7, 2011. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
36. . Hardware.slashdot.org. January 4, 2010. Archived from the original on January 12, 2012. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
37. "Intel May Unveil Microprocessors with Integrated Graphics Cores at Consumer Electronics Show". Xbitlabs.com. from the original on October 30, 2010. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
38. "Intel to launch four Arrandale CPUs for mainstream notebooks in January 2010". Digitimes.com. November 13, 2009. from the original on December 7, 2010. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
39. "Intel Core i3 Desktop Processor — Frequently Asked Questions". Intel. from the original on September 25, 2011.
40. . www.Supermicro.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2017. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
41. . silentpcreview.com. Archived from the original on January 5, 2012. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
42. Asus P8B WS specification September 25, 2011, at the Wayback Machine: supports "ECC, Non-ECC, un-buffered Memory", but "Non-ECC, un-buffered memory only support for client OS (Windows 7, Vista and XP)."
43. . Intel. Archived from the original on April 11, 2010. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
44. Anand Lal Shimpi, Intel's Core i7 870 & i5 750, Lynnfield: Harder, Better, Faster Stronger, anandtech.com, archived from the original on July 22, 2011
45. "Login to Digitimes archive & research". www.digitimes.com. November 13, 2009. from the original on March 20, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2018.
46. . it168.com. Archived from the original on October 9, 2011.
47. "Intel Core i5 Desktop Processor — Integration, Compatibility, and Memory FAQ". Intel. from the original on February 11, 2012.
48. "Support for the Intel Core i7 Processor". Intel. from the original on November 29, 2010. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
49. Modine, Austin (November 18, 2008). "Intel celebrates Core i7 launch with Dell and Gateway". The Register. from the original on December 20, 2008. Retrieved December 6, 2008.
50. "IDF Fall 2008: Intel un-retires Craig Barrett, AMD sets up anti-IDF camp". Tigervision Media. August 11, 2008. Archived from the original on March 19, 2012. Retrieved August 11, 2008.
51. "Meet the Bloggers". Intel Corporation. from the original on February 2, 2012. Retrieved August 11, 2008.
52. "Getting to the Core – Intel's new flagship client brand". Intel Corporation. from the original on August 18, 2008. Retrieved August 11, 2008.
53. "[Intel Roadmap update] Nehalem to enter mainstream market". ExpReview. June 10, 2008. from the original on December 11, 2011. Retrieved August 11, 2008.
54. (Press release). Intel Corporate. August 11, 2008. Archived from the original on October 6, 2009.
55. "Intel Core i7-920 Processor (8M Cache, 2.66 GHz, 4.80 GT/s Intel QPI)". Intel. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved December 6, 2008.
56. "Intel Core i7-940 Processor (8M Cache, 2.93 GHz, 4.80 GT/s Intel QPI)". Intel. Archived from the original on December 6, 2008. Retrieved December 6, 2008.
57. "Intel Core i7-965 Processor Extreme Edition (8M Cache, 3.20 GHz, 6.40 GT/s Intel QPI)". Intel. Archived from the original on December 7, 2008. Retrieved December 6, 2008.
58. . Technology@Intel. Archived from the original on August 18, 2008.
59. "Intel® Core™ i3-530 Processor". Intel. Retrieved January 21, 2023.
60. "Intel® Core™ i5-650 Processor (4M Cache, 3.20 GHz) - Product Specifications". Intel. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
61. "Intel® Core™ i5-750 Processor". Intel. Retrieved January 21, 2023.
62. "Intel® Core™ i7-920 Processor". Intel. Retrieved January 21, 2023.
63. "Intel® Core™ i7-920XM Processor Extreme Edition". Intel. Retrieved January 21, 2023.
64. "Intel® Core™ i7-930 Processor". Intel. Retrieved January 21, 2023.
65. "Intel® Core™ i7-940 Processor". Intel. Retrieved January 21, 2023.
66. "Intel Haswell-E Core i7-5960X, Core i7-5930K, Core i7-5820K Specifications Unveiled – Flagship 8 Core To Boost Up To 3.3 GHz". May 27, 2014. from the original on June 13, 2015. Retrieved June 12, 2015.
67. . Intel. Intel Corporation. August 11, 2014. Archived from the original on August 26, 2014. Retrieved September 6, 2014.
68. "Intel launched U-series Broadwell processors". January 10, 2015. from the original on February 15, 2015. Retrieved February 15, 2015.
69. "Intel's Broadwell goes broad with new desktop, mobile, server variants – The Tech Report – Page 1". techreport.com. June 2, 2015. from the original on June 12, 2015. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
70. "Intel begins shipping Kaby Lake CPUs to manufacturers". The Tech Report. from the original on January 26, 2017. Retrieved January 21, 2017.
71. "Intel pushes out the rest of its Kaby Lake processors for 2017's PCs". Ars Technica. from the original on January 21, 2017. Retrieved January 21, 2017.
72. "Intel Kaby Lake details: The first post-"tick-tock" CPU architecture". Ars Technica UK. from the original on January 6, 2017. Retrieved January 21, 2017.
73. "Intel Coffee Lake Core i7-8700K review: The best gaming CPU you can buy". Ars Technica. from the original on October 5, 2017. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
74. "Intel Core i7-8700K Review: The New Gaming King". TechSpot. from the original on October 5, 2017. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
75. "Intel 300-series chipsets to provide USB 3.1 Gen2 and Gigabit Wi-Fi | KitGuru". www.kitguru.net. from the original on May 6, 2017. Retrieved April 29, 2017.
76. Cutress, Ian. "The AnandTech Coffee Lake Review: Initial Numbers on the Core i7-8700K and Core i5-8400". p. 3. from the original on October 5, 2017. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
77. Cutress, Ian (June 11, 2018). "The Intel Core i7-8086K Review".
78. "New 8th Gen Intel Core Processors Optimize Connectivity, Great Performance, Battery Life for Laptops | Intel Newsroom". Intel Newsroom. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
79. Cutress, Ian. "Intel Launches Whiskey Lake-U and Amber Lake-Y: New MacBook CPUs?". Retrieved August 28, 2018.
80. "Intel launches Whiskey Lake-U and Amber Lake-Y CPUs with focus on enhanced mobile connectivity". Notebookcheck. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
81. "Intel launches Whiskey and Amber Lakes: Kaby Lake with better Wi-Fi, USB". Ars Technica. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
82. "Intel Launches Whiskey Lake And Amber Lake CPUs for Laptops". Tom's Hardware. August 28, 2018. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
83. "Ashraf Eassa on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
84. "Ian Cutress on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
85. Cutress, Ian (August 30, 2018). "Spectre and Meltdown in Hardware: Intel Clarifies Whiskey Lake and Amber Lake". anadtech.com. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
86. Alcorn, Paul (August 30, 2018). "Intel's Whiskey Lake Brings In-Silicon Meltdown and Foreshadow Fixes". Tom's Hardware.
87. . WCCFTech. June 6, 2014. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved September 24, 2014.

February 15, 2024