*Wi-Fi 1, 2, and 3 are by retroactive inference [2][3][4][5][6]
IEEE 802.11ax, officially marketed by the Wi-Fi Alliance as Wi-Fi 6 (2.4 GHz and 5 GHz)[7] and Wi-Fi 6E (6 GHz),[8] is an IEEE standard for wireless local-area networks (WLANs) and the successor of Wi-Fi 5 (802.11ac). It is also known as High EfficiencyWi-Fi, for the overall improvements to Wi-Fi 6 clients in dense environments.[9] It is designed to operate in license-exempt bands between 1 and 7.125 GHz, including the 2.4 and 5 GHz bands already in common use as well as the much wider 6 GHz band (e.g. 5.925–7.125 GHz in the US, a band 1.200 GHz wide).[10]
The main goal of this standard is enhancing throughput-per-area[c] in high-density scenarios, such as corporate offices, shopping malls and dense residential apartments. While the nominal data rate improvement against 802.11ac is only 37%,[9]: qt the overall throughput increase (over an entire network) is 300% (hence High Efficiency).[11]: qt This also translates to 75% lower latency.[12]
The quadrupling of overall throughput is made possible by a higher spectral efficiency. The key feature underpinning 802.11ax is orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA), which is equivalent to cellular technology applied into Wi-Fi.[9]: qt Other improvements on spectrum utilization are better power-control methods to avoid interference with neighboring networks, higher order 1024‑QAM, up-link direction added with the down-link of MIMO and MU-MIMO to further increase throughput, as well as dependability improvements of power consumption and security protocols such as Target Wake Time and WPA3.
The IEEE 802.11ax standard was finalised on September 1, 2020 when Draft 8 received 95% approval in the sponsor ballot and received final approval from the IEEE Standards Board on February 1, 2021.[13]
In 802.11ac (802.11's previous amendment), multi-user MIMO was introduced, which is a spatial multiplexing technique. MU-MIMO allows the access point to form beams towards each client, while transmitting information simultaneously. By doing so, the interference between clients is reduced, and the overall throughput is increased, since multiple clients can receive data simultaneously.
With 802.11ax, a similar multiplexing is introduced in the frequency domain: OFDMA. With OFDMA, multiple clients are assigned to different Resource Units in the available spectrum. By doing so, an 80 MHz channel can be split into multiple Resource Units, so that multiple clients receive different types of data over the same spectrum, simultaneously.
To support OFDMA, 802.11ax needs four times as many subcarriers as 802.11ac. Specifically, for 20, 40, 80, and 160 MHz channels, the 802.11ac standard has, respectively, 64, 128, 256 and 512 subcarriers while the 802.11ax standard has 256, 512, 1,024, and 2,048 subcarriers. Since the available bandwidths have not changed and the number of subcarriers increases by a factor of four, the subcarrier spacing is reduced by the same factor. This introduces OFDM symbols that are four times longer: in 802.11ac, an OFDM symbol takes 3.2 microseconds to transmit. In 802.11ax, it takes 12.8 microseconds (both without guard intervals).
Technical improvementsEdit
The 802.11ax amendment brings several key improvements over 802.11ac. 802.11ax addresses frequency bands between 1 GHz and 6 GHz.[14] Therefore, unlike 802.11ac, 802.11ax also operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz band. To meet the goal of supporting dense 802.11 deployments, the following features have been approved.
Centrally controlled medium access with dynamic assignment of 26, 52, 106, 242(?), 484(?), or 996(?) tones per station. Each tone consists of a single subcarrier of 78.125 kHz bandwidth. Therefore, bandwidth occupied by a single OFDMA transmission is between 2.03125 MHz and ca. 80 MHz bandwidth.
OFDMA segregates the spectrum in time-frequency resource units (RUs). A central coordinating entity (the AP in 802.11ax) assigns RUs for reception or transmission to associated stations. Through the central scheduling of the RUs, contention overhead can be avoided, which increases efficiency in scenarios of dense deployments.
With downlink MU-MIMO an AP may transmit concurrently to multiple stations and with uplink MU-MIMO an AP may simultaneously receive from multiple stations. Whereas OFDMA separates receivers to different RUs, with MU-MIMO the devices are separated to different spatial streams. In 802.11ax, MU-MIMO and OFDMA technologies can be used simultaneously. To enable uplink MU transmissions, the AP transmits a new control frame (Trigger) which contains scheduling information (RUs allocations for stations, modulation and coding scheme (MCS) that shall be used for each station). Furthermore, Trigger also provides synchronization for an uplink transmission, since the transmission starts SIFS after the end of Trigger.
Trigger-based Random Access
Not available
Allows performing UL OFDMA transmissions by stations which are not allocated RUs directly.
In Trigger frame, the AP specifies scheduling information about subsequent UL MU transmission. However, several RUs can be assigned for random access. Stations which are not assigned RUs directly can perform transmissions within RUs assigned for random access. To reduce collision probability (i.e. situation when two or more stations select the same RU for transmission), the 802.11ax amendment specifies special OFDMA back-off procedure. Random access is favorable for transmitting buffer status reports when the AP has no information about pending UL traffic at a station.
Spatial frequency reuse
Not available
Coloring enables devices to differentiate transmissions in their own network from transmissions in neighboring networks. Adaptive power and sensitivity thresholds allows dynamically adjusting transmit power and signal detection threshold to increase spatial reuse.
Without spatial reuse capabilities devices refuse transmitting concurrently to transmissions ongoing in other, neighboring networks. With basic service set coloring (BSS coloring), a wireless transmission is marked at its very beginning, helping surrounding devices to decide if a simultaneous use of the wireless medium is permissible. A station is allowed to consider the wireless medium as idle and start a new transmission even if the detected signal level from a neighboring network exceeds legacy signal detection threshold, provided that the transmit power for the new transmission is appropriately decreased.
In dense deployment scenarios, NAV value set by a frame originated from one network may be easily reset by a frame originated from another network, which leads to misbehavior and collisions. To avoid this, each 802.11ax station will maintain two separate NAVs — one NAV is modified by frames originated from a network the station is associated with, the other NAV is modified by frames originated from overlapped networks.
TWT reduces power consumption and medium access contention.
TWT is a concept developed in 802.11ah. It allows devices to wake up at other periods than the beacon transmission period. Furthermore, the AP may group devices to different TWT periods, thereby reducing the number of devices contending simultaneously for the wireless medium.
Fragmentation
Static fragmentation
Dynamic fragmentation
With static fragmentation, all fragments of a data packet are of equal size, except for the last fragment. With dynamic fragmentation, a device may fill available RUs of other opportunities to transmit up to the available maximum duration. Thus, dynamic fragmentation helps reduce overhead.
Extended guard interval durations allow for better protection against signal delay spread as it occurs in outdoor environments.
Symbol duration
3.2 µs
12.8 µs
Since the subcarrier spacing is reduced by a factor of four, the OFDM symbol duration is increased by a factor of four as well. Extended symbol durations allow for increased efficiency.[15]
Frequency bands
5 GHz only
2.4 GHz and 5 GHz
802.11ac falls back to 802.11n for the 2.4 GHz band.
NotesEdit
^Wi-Fi 6E is the industry name that identifies Wi-Fi devices that operate in 6 GHz. Wi-Fi 6E offers the features and capabilities of Wi-Fi 6 extended into the 6 GHz band.
^802.11ac only specifies operation in the 5 GHz band. Operation in the 2.4 GHz band is specified by 802.11n.
^Throughput-per-area, as defined by IEEE, is the ratio of the total network throughput to the network area.[9]
^ abIEEE 802.11y-2008 extended operation of 802.11a to the licensed 3.7 GHz band. Increased power limits allow a range up to 5,000 m. As of 2009[update], it is only being licensed in the United States by the FCC.
^ abcdefghiBased on short guard interval; standard guard interval is ~10% slower. Rates vary widely based on distance, obstructions, and interference.
^ abcdefghFor single-user cases only, based on default guard interval which is 0.8 micro seconds. Since multi-user via OFDMA has become available for 802.11ax, these may decrease. Also, these theoretical values depend on the link distance, whether the link is line-of-sight or not, interferences and the multi-path components in the environment.
^ abThe default guard interval is 0.8 micro seconds. However, 802.11ax extended the maximum available guard interval to 3.2 micro seconds, in order to support Outdoor communications, where the maximum possible propagation delay is larger compared to Indoor environments.
^Kastrenakes, Jacob (2018-10-03). "Wi-Fi Now Has Version Numbers, and Wi-Fi 6 Comes Out Next Year". The Verge. Retrieved 2019-05-02.
^"Wi-Fi Generation Numbering". ElectronicNotes. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
^Phillips, Gavin (18 January 2021). "The Most Common Wi-Fi Standards and Types, Explained". MUO - Make Use Of. from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
^"Wi-Fi Generation Numbering". ElectronicsNotes. from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
^"Generational Wi-Fi® User Guide" (PDF). Wi-Fi Alliance. October 2018. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
^"Wi-Fi 6E expands Wi-Fi® into 6 GHz" (PDF). Wi-Fi Alliance. January 2021. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
^ abcdKhorov, Evgeny; Kiryanov, Anton; Lyakhov, Andrey; Bianchi, Giuseppe (2019). "A Tutorial on IEEE 802.11ax High Efficiency WLANs". IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials. 21 (1): 197–216. doi:10.1109/COMST.2018.2871099.
^"FCC Opens 6 GHz Band to Wi-Fi and Other Unlicensed Uses". www.fcc.gov. 24 April 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
^Aboul-Magd, Osama (17 March 2014). "802.11 HEW SG Proposed PAR" (DOCX). www.ieee.org. from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
^Goodwins, Rupert (3 October 2018). "Next-generation 802.11ax wi-fi: Dense, fast, delayed". www.zdnet.com. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
^"IEEE 802.11, The Working Group Setting the Standards for Wireless LANs". www.ieee802.org. Retrieved 2022-01-07.
^Aboul-Magd, Osama (2014-01-24). "P802.11ax" (PDF). IEEE-SA. (PDF) from the original on 2014-10-10. Retrieved 2017-01-14. 2 page PDF download
^Porat, Ron; Fischer, Matthew; Venkateswaran, Sriram; et al. (2015-01-12). "Payload Symbol Size for 11ax". IEEE P802.11. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
^"Official IEEE 802.11 working group project timelines". January 26, 2017. Retrieved 2017-02-12.
^"The complete family of wireless LAN standards: 802.11 a, b, g, j, n" (PDF).
^The Physical Layer of the IEEE 802.11p WAVE Communication Standard: The Specifications and Challenges(PDF). World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science. 2014.
^ ab"Wi-Fi Capacity Analysis for 802.11ac and 802.11n: Theory & Practice" (PDF).
^Belanger, Phil; Biba, Ken (2007-05-31). . Wi-Fi Planet. Archived from the original on 2008-11-24.
^(PDF). LitePoint. October 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-16.
^"IEEE Standard for Information Technology". IEEE Std 802.11aj-2018. April 2018. doi:10.1109/IEEESTD.2018.8345727.
^"802.11ad - WLAN at 60 GHz: A Technology Introduction" (PDF). Rohde & Schwarz GmbH. November 21, 2013. p. 14.
^"An Overview of China Millimeter-Wave Multiple Gigabit Wireless Local Area Network System". IEICE Transactions on Communications. E101.B (2): 262–276. 2018. doi:10.1587/transcom.2017ISI0004.
^"IEEE 802.11ay: 1st real standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) via mmWave – Technology Blog". techblog.comsoc.org.
^. IEEE. pp. 2, 3. Archived from the original on 2017-12-06. Retrieved Dec 6, 2017.
^ ab"802.11 Alternate PHYs A whitepaper by Ayman Mukaddam" (PDF).
^"IEEE 802.11ah: A Long Range 802.11 WLAN at Sub 1 GHz" (PDF). Journal of ICT Standardization. 1 (1): 83–108. July 2013. doi:10.13052/jicts2245-800X.115.
External linksEdit
Evgeny Khorov, Anton Kiryanov, Andrey Lyakhov, Giuseppe Bianchi. 'A Tutorial on IEEE 802.11ax High Efficiency WLANs', IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 197–216, First quarter 2019. doi:10.1109/COMST.2018.2871099
Shein, Esther, Deloitte: Don't rule out Wi-Fi 6 as a next-generation wireless network, TechRepublic, November 30, 2021
October 21, 2023
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This article may be too technical for most readers to understand Please help improve it to make it understandable to non experts without removing the technical details August 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message Wi Fi generationsvte Generation IEEEstandard Adopted Maximumlink rate Mbit s Radiofrequency GHz Wi Fi 7 802 11be 2024 1376 to 46120 2 4 5 6Wi Fi 6E 802 11ax 2020 574 to 9608 1 6 a Wi Fi 6 2019 2 4 5Wi Fi 5 802 11ac 2014 433 to 6933 5 b Wi Fi 4 802 11n 2008 72 to 600 2 4 5 Wi Fi 3 802 11g 2003 6 to 54 2 4802 11a 1999 5 Wi Fi 2 802 11b 1999 1 to 11 2 4 Wi Fi 1 802 11 1997 1 to 2 2 4 Wi Fi 1 2 and 3 are by retroactive inference 2 3 4 5 6 IEEE 802 11ax officially marketed by the Wi Fi Alliance as Wi Fi 6 2 4 GHz and 5 GHz 7 and Wi Fi 6E 6 GHz 8 is an IEEE standard for wireless local area networks WLANs and the successor of Wi Fi 5 802 11ac It is also known as High Efficiency Wi Fi for the overall improvements to Wi Fi 6 clients in dense environments 9 It is designed to operate in license exempt bands between 1 and 7 125 GHz including the 2 4 and 5 GHz bands already in common use as well as the much wider 6 GHz band e g 5 925 7 125 GHz in the US a band 1 200 GHz wide 10 The main goal of this standard is enhancing throughput per area c in high density scenarios such as corporate offices shopping malls and dense residential apartments While the nominal data rate improvement against 802 11ac is only 37 9 qt the overall throughput increase over an entire network is 300 hence High Efficiency 11 qt This also translates to 75 lower latency 12 The quadrupling of overall throughput is made possible by a higher spectral efficiency The key feature underpinning 802 11ax is orthogonal frequency division multiple access OFDMA which is equivalent to cellular technology applied into Wi Fi 9 qt Other improvements on spectrum utilization are better power control methods to avoid interference with neighboring networks higher order 1024 QAM up link direction added with the down link of MIMO and MU MIMO to further increase throughput as well as dependability improvements of power consumption and security protocols such as Target Wake Time and WPA3 The IEEE 802 11ax standard was finalised on September 1 2020 when Draft 8 received 95 approval in the sponsor ballot and received final approval from the IEEE Standards Board on February 1 2021 13 Contents 1 Rate set 2 OFDMA 3 Technical improvements 4 Notes 5 Comparison 6 References 7 External linksRate set EditModulation and coding schemes MCSindex i Modulationtype Codingrate Data rate Mbit s ii 20 MHz channels 40 MHz channels 80 MHz channels 160 MHz channels1600 ns GI iii 800 ns GI 1600 ns GI 800 ns GI 1600 ns GI 800 ns GI 1600 ns GI 800 ns GI0 BPSK 1 2 8 8 6 16 17 2 34 36 0 68 721 QPSK 1 2 16 17 2 33 34 4 68 72 1 136 1442 QPSK 3 4 24 25 8 49 51 6 102 108 1 204 2163 16 QAM 1 2 33 34 4 65 68 8 136 144 1 272 2824 16 QAM 3 4 49 51 6 98 103 2 204 216 2 408 4325 64 QAM 2 3 65 68 8 130 137 6 272 288 2 544 5766 64 QAM 3 4 73 77 4 146 154 9 306 324 4 613 6497 64 QAM 5 6 81 86 0 163 172 1 340 360 3 681 7218 256 QAM 3 4 98 103 2 195 206 5 408 432 4 817 8659 256 QAM 5 6 108 114 7 217 229 4 453 480 4 907 96110 1024 QAM 3 4 122 129 0 244 258 1 510 540 4 1021 108111 1024 QAM 5 6 135 143 4 271 286 8 567 600 5 1134 1201Notes MCS 9 is not applicable to all combinations of channel width and spatial stream count Per spatial stream GI stands for guard interval OFDMA EditIn 802 11ac 802 11 s previous amendment multi user MIMO was introduced which is a spatial multiplexing technique MU MIMO allows the access point to form beams towards each client while transmitting information simultaneously By doing so the interference between clients is reduced and the overall throughput is increased since multiple clients can receive data simultaneously With 802 11ax a similar multiplexing is introduced in the frequency domain OFDMA With OFDMA multiple clients are assigned to different Resource Units in the available spectrum By doing so an 80 MHz channel can be split into multiple Resource Units so that multiple clients receive different types of data over the same spectrum simultaneously To support OFDMA 802 11ax needs four times as many subcarriers as 802 11ac Specifically for 20 40 80 and 160 MHz channels the 802 11ac standard has respectively 64 128 256 and 512 subcarriers while the 802 11ax standard has 256 512 1 024 and 2 048 subcarriers Since the available bandwidths have not changed and the number of subcarriers increases by a factor of four the subcarrier spacing is reduced by the same factor This introduces OFDM symbols that are four times longer in 802 11ac an OFDM symbol takes 3 2 microseconds to transmit In 802 11ax it takes 12 8 microseconds both without guard intervals Technical improvements EditThe 802 11ax amendment brings several key improvements over 802 11ac 802 11ax addresses frequency bands between 1 GHz and 6 GHz 14 Therefore unlike 802 11ac 802 11ax also operates in the unlicensed 2 4 GHz band To meet the goal of supporting dense 802 11 deployments the following features have been approved Feature 802 11ac 802 11ax CommentOFDMA Not available Centrally controlled medium access with dynamic assignment of 26 52 106 242 484 or 996 tones per station Each tone consists of a single subcarrier of 78 125 kHz bandwidth Therefore bandwidth occupied by a single OFDMA transmission is between 2 03125 MHz and ca 80 MHz bandwidth OFDMA segregates the spectrum in time frequency resource units RUs A central coordinating entity the AP in 802 11ax assigns RUs for reception or transmission to associated stations Through the central scheduling of the RUs contention overhead can be avoided which increases efficiency in scenarios of dense deployments Multi user MIMO MU MIMO Available in Downlink direction Available in Downlink and Uplink direction With downlink MU MIMO an AP may transmit concurrently to multiple stations and with uplink MU MIMO an AP may simultaneously receive from multiple stations Whereas OFDMA separates receivers to different RUs with MU MIMO the devices are separated to different spatial streams In 802 11ax MU MIMO and OFDMA technologies can be used simultaneously To enable uplink MU transmissions the AP transmits a new control frame Trigger which contains scheduling information RUs allocations for stations modulation and coding scheme MCS that shall be used for each station Furthermore Trigger also provides synchronization for an uplink transmission since the transmission starts SIFS after the end of Trigger Trigger based Random Access Not available Allows performing UL OFDMA transmissions by stations which are not allocated RUs directly In Trigger frame the AP specifies scheduling information about subsequent UL MU transmission However several RUs can be assigned for random access Stations which are not assigned RUs directly can perform transmissions within RUs assigned for random access To reduce collision probability i e situation when two or more stations select the same RU for transmission the 802 11ax amendment specifies special OFDMA back off procedure Random access is favorable for transmitting buffer status reports when the AP has no information about pending UL traffic at a station Spatial frequency reuse Not available Coloring enables devices to differentiate transmissions in their own network from transmissions in neighboring networks Adaptive power and sensitivity thresholds allows dynamically adjusting transmit power and signal detection threshold to increase spatial reuse Without spatial reuse capabilities devices refuse transmitting concurrently to transmissions ongoing in other neighboring networks With basic service set coloring BSS coloring a wireless transmission is marked at its very beginning helping surrounding devices to decide if a simultaneous use of the wireless medium is permissible A station is allowed to consider the wireless medium as idle and start a new transmission even if the detected signal level from a neighboring network exceeds legacy signal detection threshold provided that the transmit power for the new transmission is appropriately decreased NAV Single NAV Two NAVs In dense deployment scenarios NAV value set by a frame originated from one network may be easily reset by a frame originated from another network which leads to misbehavior and collisions To avoid this each 802 11ax station will maintain two separate NAVs one NAV is modified by frames originated from a network the station is associated with the other NAV is modified by frames originated from overlapped networks Target Wake Time TWT Not available TWT reduces power consumption and medium access contention TWT is a concept developed in 802 11ah It allows devices to wake up at other periods than the beacon transmission period Furthermore the AP may group devices to different TWT periods thereby reducing the number of devices contending simultaneously for the wireless medium Fragmentation Static fragmentation Dynamic fragmentation With static fragmentation all fragments of a data packet are of equal size except for the last fragment With dynamic fragmentation a device may fill available RUs of other opportunities to transmit up to the available maximum duration Thus dynamic fragmentation helps reduce overhead Guard interval duration 0 4 µs or 0 8 µs 0 8 µs 1 6 µs or 3 2 µs Extended guard interval durations allow for better protection against signal delay spread as it occurs in outdoor environments Symbol duration 3 2 µs 12 8 µs Since the subcarrier spacing is reduced by a factor of four the OFDM symbol duration is increased by a factor of four as well Extended symbol durations allow for increased efficiency 15 Frequency bands 5 GHz only 2 4 GHz and 5 GHz 802 11ac falls back to 802 11n for the 2 4 GHz band Notes Edit Wi Fi 6E is the industry name that identifies Wi Fi devices that operate in 6 GHz Wi Fi 6E offers the features and capabilities of Wi Fi 6 extended into the 6 GHz band 802 11ac only specifies operation in the 5 GHz band Operation in the 2 4 GHz band is specified by 802 11n Throughput per area as defined by IEEE is the ratio of the total network throughput to the network area 9 Comparison Editvte802 11 network standardsFrequencyrange or type PHY Protocol Releasedate 16 Frequency Bandwidth Streamdata rate 17 AllowableMIMO streams Modulation ApproximaterangeIndoor Outdoor GHz MHz Mbit s 1 7 GHz DSSS 18 FHSS A 802 11 1997 June 1997 2 4 22 1 2 DSSS FHSS A 20 m 66 ft 100 m 330 ft HR DSSS 18 802 11b September 1999 2 4 22 1 2 5 5 11 CCK DSSS 35 m 115 ft 140 m 460 ft OFDM 802 11a September 1999 5 5 10 20 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 54 for 20 MHz bandwidth divide by 2 and 4 for 10 and 5 MHz OFDM 35 m 115 ft 120 m 390 ft 802 11j November 2004 4 9 5 0 B 19 802 11y November 2008 3 7 C 5 000 m 16 000 ft C 802 11p July 2010 5 9 200 m 1 000 m 3 300 ft 20 802 11bd December 2022 5 9 60 500 m 1 000 m 3 300 ft ERP OFDM 802 11g June 2003 2 4 38 m 125 ft 140 m 460 ft HT OFDM 21 802 11n Wi Fi 4 October 2009 2 4 5 20 Up to 288 8 D 4 MIMO OFDM 64 QAM 70 m 230 ft 250 m 820 ft 22 40 Up to 600 D VHT OFDM 21 802 11ac Wi Fi 5 December 2013 5 20 Up to 693 D 8 DLMU MIMO OFDM 256 QAM 35 m 115 ft 23 40 Up to 1600 D 80 Up to 3467 D 160 Up to 6933 D HE OFDMA 802 11ax Wi Fi 6 Wi Fi 6E May 2021 2 4 5 6 20 Up to 1147 E 8 UL DLMU MIMO OFDMA 1024 QAM 30 m 98 ft 120 m 390 ft F 40 Up to 2294 E 80 Up to 4804 E 80 80 Up to 9608 E EHT OFDMA 802 11be Wi Fi 7 May 2024 est 2 4 5 6 80 Up to 11 5 Gbit s E 16 UL DLMU MIMO OFDMA 4096 QAM 30 m 98 ft 120 m 390 ft F 160 80 80 Up to 23 Gbit s E 240 160 80 Up to 35 Gbit s E 320 160 160 Up to 46 1 Gbit s E WUR G 802 11ba October 2021 2 4 5 4 20 0 0625 0 25 62 5 kbit s 250 kbit s OOK multi carrier OOK mmWave WiGig DMG 24 802 11ad December 2012 60 2160 2 16 GHz Up to 8085 25 8 Gbit s OFDM A single carrier low power single carrier A 3 3 m 11 ft 26 802 11aj April 2018 60 H 1080 27 Up to 3754 3 75 Gbit s single carrier low power single carrier A CMMG 802 11aj April 2018 45 H 540 1080 Up to 15015 28 15 Gbit s 4 29 OFDM single carrier EDMG 30 802 11ay July 2021 60 Up to 8640 8 64 GHz Up to 303336 31 303 Gbit s 8 OFDM single carrier 10 m 33 ft 100 m 328 ft Sub 1 GHz IoT TVHT 32 802 11af February 2014 0 054 0 79 6 7 8 Up to 568 9 33 4 MIMO OFDM S1G 32 802 11ah May 2017 0 7 0 8 0 9 1 16 Up to 8 67 34 2 MHz 4 Light Li Fi LC VLC OWC 802 11bb December 2023 est 800 1000 nm 20 Up to 9 6 Gbit s O OFDM IR A IrDA 802 11 1997 June 1997 850 900 nm 1 2 PPM A 802 11 Standard rollups 802 11 2007 802 11ma March 2007 2 4 5 Up to 54 DSSS OFDM802 11 2012 802 11mb March 2012 2 4 5 Up to 150 D DSSS OFDM802 11 2016 802 11mc December 2016 2 4 5 60 Up to 866 7 or 6757 D DSSS OFDM802 11 2020 802 11md December 2020 2 4 5 60 Up to 866 7 or 6757 D DSSS OFDM802 11me September 2024 est 2 4 5 6 60 Up to 9608 or 303336 DSSS OFDM a b c d e f g This is obsolete and support for this might be subject to removal in a future revision of the standard For Japanese regulation a b IEEE 802 11y 2008 extended operation of 802 11a to the licensed 3 7 GHz band Increased power limits allow a range up to 5 000 m As of 2009 update it is only being licensed in the United States by the FCC a b c d e f g h i Based on short guard interval standard guard interval is 10 slower Rates vary widely based on distance obstructions and interference a b c d e f g h For single user cases only based on default guard interval which is 0 8 micro seconds Since multi user via OFDMA has become available for 802 11ax these may decrease Also these theoretical values depend on the link distance whether the link is line of sight or not interferences and the multi path components in the environment a b The default guard interval is 0 8 micro seconds However 802 11ax extended the maximum available guard interval to 3 2 micro seconds in order to support Outdoor communications where the maximum possible propagation delay is larger compared to Indoor environments Wake up Radio WUR Operation a b For Chinese regulation References Edit MCS table updated with 80211ax data rates semfionetworks com Discover Wi Fi Wi Fi Alliance Retrieved 2023 08 10 Kastrenakes Jacob 2018 10 03 Wi Fi Now Has Version Numbers and Wi Fi 6 Comes Out Next Year The Verge Retrieved 2019 05 02 Wi Fi Generation Numbering ElectronicNotes Retrieved November 10 2021 Phillips Gavin 18 January 2021 The Most Common Wi Fi Standards and Types Explained MUO Make Use Of Archived from the original on 11 November 2021 Retrieved 9 November 2021 Wi Fi Generation Numbering ElectronicsNotes Archived from the original on 11 November 2021 Retrieved 10 November 2021 Generational Wi Fi User Guide PDF Wi Fi Alliance October 2018 Retrieved 22 March 2021 Wi Fi 6E expands Wi Fi into 6 GHz PDF Wi Fi Alliance January 2021 Retrieved 22 March 2021 a b c d Khorov Evgeny Kiryanov Anton Lyakhov Andrey Bianchi Giuseppe 2019 A Tutorial on IEEE 802 11ax High Efficiency WLANs IEEE Communications Surveys amp Tutorials 21 1 197 216 doi 10 1109 COMST 2018 2871099 FCC Opens 6 GHz Band to Wi Fi and Other Unlicensed Uses www fcc gov 24 April 2020 Retrieved 23 March 2021 Aboul Magd Osama 17 March 2014 802 11 HEW SG Proposed PAR DOCX www ieee org Archived from the original on 7 April 2014 Retrieved 22 March 2021 Goodwins Rupert 3 October 2018 Next generation 802 11ax wi fi Dense fast delayed www zdnet com Retrieved 23 March 2021 IEEE 802 11 The Working Group Setting the Standards for Wireless LANs www ieee802 org Retrieved 2022 01 07 Aboul Magd Osama 2014 01 24 P802 11ax PDF IEEE SA Archived PDF from the original on 2014 10 10 Retrieved 2017 01 14 2 page PDF download Porat Ron Fischer Matthew Venkateswaran Sriram et al 2015 01 12 Payload Symbol Size for 11ax IEEE P802 11 Retrieved 2017 01 14 Official IEEE 802 11 working group project timelines January 26 2017 Retrieved 2017 02 12 Wi Fi CERTIFIED n Longer Range Faster Throughput Multimedia Grade Wi Fi Networks PDF Wi Fi Alliance September 2009 a b Banerji Sourangsu Chowdhury Rahul Singha On IEEE 802 11 Wireless LAN Technology arXiv 1307 2661 The complete family of wireless LAN standards 802 11 a b g j n PDF The Physical Layer of the IEEE 802 11p WAVE Communication Standard The Specifications and Challenges PDF World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2014 a b Wi Fi Capacity Analysis for 802 11ac and 802 11n Theory amp Practice PDF Belanger Phil Biba Ken 2007 05 31 802 11n Delivers Better Range Wi Fi Planet Archived from the original on 2008 11 24 IEEE 802 11ac What Does it Mean for Test PDF LitePoint October 2013 Archived from the original PDF on 2014 08 16 IEEE Standard for Information Technology IEEE Std 802 11aj 2018 April 2018 doi 10 1109 IEEESTD 2018 8345727 802 11ad WLAN at 60 GHz A Technology Introduction PDF Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH November 21 2013 p 14 Connect802 802 11ac Discussion www connect802 com Understanding IEEE 802 11ad Physical Layer and Measurement Challenges PDF 802 11aj Press Release An Overview of China Millimeter Wave Multiple Gigabit Wireless Local Area Network System IEICE Transactions on Communications E101 B 2 262 276 2018 doi 10 1587 transcom 2017ISI0004 IEEE 802 11ay 1st real standard for Broadband Wireless Access BWA via mmWave Technology Blog techblog comsoc org P802 11 Wireless LANs IEEE pp 2 3 Archived from the original on 2017 12 06 Retrieved Dec 6 2017 a b 802 11 Alternate PHYs A whitepaper by Ayman Mukaddam PDF TGaf PHY proposal IEEE P802 11 2012 07 10 Retrieved 2013 12 29 IEEE 802 11ah A Long Range 802 11 WLAN at Sub 1 GHz PDF Journal of ICT Standardization 1 1 83 108 July 2013 doi 10 13052 jicts2245 800X 115 External links EditEvgeny Khorov Anton Kiryanov Andrey Lyakhov Giuseppe Bianchi A Tutorial on IEEE 802 11ax High Efficiency WLANs IEEE Communications Surveys amp Tutorials vol 21 no 1 pp 197 216 First quarter 2019 doi 10 1109 COMST 2018 2871099 Bellalta Boris 2015 IEEE 802 11ax High Efficiency WLANs IEEE Wireless Communications 23 38 46 arXiv 1501 01496 doi 10 1109 MWC 2016 7422404 S2CID 15023432 Shein Esther Deloitte Don t rule out Wi Fi 6 as a next generation wireless network TechRepublic November 30 2021 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Wi Fi 6 amp oldid 1176752416, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
