Gaam (Gaahmg), also known as Ingessana, (Me/Mun)Tabi, Kamanidi, or Mamedja/Mamidza, is an Eastern Sudanic language spoken by the Ingessana people in the Tabi Hills in eastern Sudan, near Ethiopia. It was considered an isolate within Eastern Sudanic until the other Eastern Jebel languages were discovered in the late 20th century. Dialects are Soda (Tao), Kukur (Gor), Kulang (Kulelek, Bau), Buwahg (Buek).
There are six distinct vowel phonemes. All six can also occur in sequential (and thus lengthened) form but may change phonetic quality. Stirtz (2012)[3] proposes the following system:
Gaam is a tonal language. There are three level tones, High, Mid and Low, which can be combined to form rising and falling tones. A total of nine tone melodies is possible, all of them contrastive.
References
^Gaam at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Stirtz, Timothy (2004). "Phonology and orthography in Gaahmg". Occasional Papers in the Study of Sudanese Languages. 9: 127–144.
Stirtz, Timothy (2012). A grammar of Gaahmg, a Nilo-Saharan language of Sudan (Ph.D. thesis). Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden. hdl:1887/18452. ISBN978-94-6093-078-2.
External links
Gaam basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
gaam, language, gaam, gaahmg, also, known, ingessana, tabi, kamanidi, mamedja, mamidza, eastern, sudanic, language, spoken, ingessana, people, tabi, hills, eastern, sudan, near, ethiopia, considered, isolate, within, eastern, sudanic, until, other, eastern, je. Gaam Gaahmg also known as Ingessana Me Mun Tabi Kamanidi or Mamedja Mamidza is an Eastern Sudanic language spoken by the Ingessana people in the Tabi Hills in eastern Sudan near Ethiopia It was considered an isolate within Eastern Sudanic until the other Eastern Jebel languages were discovered in the late 20th century Dialects are Soda Tao Kukur Gor Kulang Kulelek Bau Buwahg Buek GaamIngessanaNative toSudanEthnicityIngessanaNative speakers67 000 2000 1 Language familyNilo Saharan Eastern SudanicKir AbbaianEastern JebelGaamLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code tbi class extiw title iso639 3 tbi tbi a Glottologgaam1241 Contents 1 Phonology 1 1 Consonants 1 2 Vowels 1 3 Tone 2 References 3 Bibliography 4 External linksPhonology EditConsonants Edit There are 21 distinct consonant phonemes The fricative nasal lateral and rhotic consonants also distinguish length 2 Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal VelarPlosives p b t d t d c ɟ k ɡFricatives f f ː s s ːNasals m m ː n n ː ɲ ɲ ː ŋ ŋ ːLaterals l l ːRhotics r r ːApproximants w d yVowels Edit There are six distinct vowel phonemes All six can also occur in sequential and thus lengthened form but may change phonetic quality Stirtz 2012 3 proposes the following system round round back back ATR i e u ATR ɛ a ɔTone Edit Gaam is a tonal language There are three level tones High Mid and Low which can be combined to form rising and falling tones A total of nine tone melodies is possible all of them contrastive References Edit Gaam at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Stirtz 2012 21 Stirtz 2012 33 Bibliography EditStirtz Timothy 2004 Phonology and orthography in Gaahmg Occasional Papers in the Study of Sudanese Languages 9 127 144 Stirtz Timothy 2012 A grammar of Gaahmg a Nilo Saharan language of Sudan Ph D thesis Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden hdl 1887 18452 ISBN 978 94 6093 078 2 External links EditGaam basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database This Nilo Saharan languages related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gaam language amp oldid 1013199691, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
