Unlike the runic letter þ, ð is a modified Roman letter. Neither ð nor þ were found in the earliest records of Old English. A study of Mercianroyal diplomas found that ð (along with đ) began to emerge in the early 8th century, with ð becoming strongly preferred by the 780s.[2] Another source indicates that the letter is "derived from Irish writing".[3]
The lowercase (minuscule) version has retained the curved shape of a medieval scribe's d, which d itself in general has not.
A sample of Icelandic handwriting with some instances of lowercase ð clearly visible: in the words Borðum, við and niður. Also visible is a thorn in the word því.
Icelandic
In Icelandic, ð, called "eð", represents a voiced dental fricative[ð], which is the same as the th in English that, but it never appears as the first letter of a word. At the end of words as well as within words when it's followed by a voiceless consonant, ð is devoiced to [θ̠]. The ð in the name of the letter is devoiced in the Nominative and Accusative cases [ɛθ̠]. In the Icelandic alphabet, ð follows d.
Faroese
In Faroese, ð is not assigned to any particular phoneme and appears mostly for etymological reasons, but it indicates most glides. When ð appears before r, it is in a few words pronounced [ɡ]. In the Faroese alphabet, ð follows d.
On Microsoft Windows, eth can be typed using the alt codeAlt+(0240) for lowercase or Alt+(0208) for uppercase, or by typing AltGr+d using the US International keyboard layout. On Windows 10, it can also be inserted into text via the symbol menu, presented by using Windows+;, then selecting Symbols, associated with the Omega (Ω) character, and then selecting Latin Symbols, associated with the C-cedilla (Ç) character.
Using the compose key ("multi key") which is popular on Linux, eth can be typed by typing ComposeDH for lowercase or Compose⇧ Shift+D⇧ Shift+H for capital letters.
On ChromeOS with 'extended keyboard' Chrome extension, AltGr+D will result in ð being displayed; ⇧ Shift+AltGr+D will result in Ð.
^Shaw, Philip (2013). "Adapting the Roman alphabet for writing Old English: evidence from coin epigraphy and single-sheet charters". Early Medieval Europe. 21 (2): 115–139. doi:10.1111/emed.12012. S2CID 163075636.
^Freeborn, Dennis (1992). From Old English to Standard English. London: Macmillan. p. 24. ISBN9780776604695.
^Hill, Will (30 June 2020). "Chapter 25: Typography and the printed English text" (PDF). The Routledge Handbook of the English Writing System. p. 6. ISBN9780367581565. The types used by Caxton and his contemporaries originated in Holland and Belgium, and did not provide for the continuing use of elements of the Old English alphabet such as thorn <þ>, eth <ð>, and yogh <ʒ>. The substitution of visually similar typographic forms has led to some anomalies which persist to this day in the reprinting of archaic texts and the spelling of regional words. The widely misunderstood ‘ye’ occurs through a habit of printer’s usage that originates in Caxton’s time, when printers would substitute the <y> (often accompanied by a superscript <e>) in place of the thorn <þ> or the eth <ð>, both of which were used to denote both the voiced and non-voiced sounds, /ð/ and /θ/ (Anderson, D. (1969) The Art of Written Forms. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, p 169)
^Testament Newydd (1567) [The 1567 New Testament].
^Constable, Peter (2004-04-19). "L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS" (PDF).
^Everson, Michael; et al. (2002-03-20). "L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF).
Pétursson, Magnus (1971), "Étude de la réalisation des consonnes islandaises þ, ð, s, dans la prononciation d'un sujet islandais à partir de la radiocinématographie" [Study of the realisation of Icelandic consonants þ, ð, s, in the pronunciation of an Icelandic subject from radiocinematography], Phonetica, 33 (4): 203–216, doi:10.1159/000259344, S2CID 145316121
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ð.
Look up eth in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
"Thorn and eth: how to get them right", , Briem, archived from the original on 2019-07-26, retrieved 2010-08-22
"Älvdalsk ortografi", (PDF) (in Swedish), February 2007, archived from the original on February 6, 2007{{citation}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link).
January 13, 2023
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For other uses see Eth disambiguation Edh redirects here For other uses see Edh disambiguation Similar letters Ɖ ɖ Đ đ D redirects here For the cryptocurrency see Dogecoin For letters that look similar to D see D with stroke Eth ɛ d uppercase D lowercase d also spelled edh or ed known as daet in Old English 1 is a letter used in Old English Middle English Icelandic Faroese in which it is called edd Khmer and Elfdalian DD dUsageWriting systemLatin scriptTypeAlphabetic and LogographicLanguage of originOld English languageOld Norse languagePhonetic usage d 8 d ˈ ɛ d Unicode codepointU 00D0 U 00F0HistoryDevelopmentD d𐌃D dꝹ ꝺD dTime period 800 to presentDescendantsĐđSistersNoneTransliteration equivalentsdOtherOther letters commonly used withth dhThis article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA For the distinction between and see IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters This page uses orthographic and related notations For the notations and used in this article see IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters Eth in Arial and Times New Roman It was also used in Scandinavia during the Middle Ages but was subsequently replaced with dh and later d It is often transliterated as d The lowercase version has been adopted to represent a voiced dental fricative in the International Phonetic Alphabet Contents 1 Old English 2 Lower case version 3 Icelandic 4 Faroese 5 Welsh 6 Khmer 7 Phonetic transcription 8 Computer input 8 1 Other 9 Modern uses 10 See also 11 References 12 Further reading 13 External linksOld English EditIn Old English d called daet was used interchangeably with th to represent the Old English dental fricative phoneme 8 or its allophone d which exist in modern English phonology as the voiced and voiceless dental fricatives both now spelled th Unlike the runic letter th d is a modified Roman letter Neither d nor th were found in the earliest records of Old English A study of Mercian royal diplomas found that d along with đ began to emerge in the early 8th century with d becoming strongly preferred by the 780s 2 Another source indicates that the letter is derived from Irish writing 3 Under King Alfred the Great th grew greatly in popularity and started to overtake d TH completely overtook d by Middle English and th died out by Early Modern English mostly due to the rise of the printing press 4 and was replaced by the digraph th Lower case version EditThe lowercase minuscule version has retained the curved shape of a medieval scribe s d which d itself in general has not A sample of Icelandic handwriting with some instances of lowercase d clearly visible in the words Bordum vid and nidur Also visible is a thorn in the word thvi Icelandic EditIn Icelandic d called ed represents a voiced dental fricative d which is the same as the th in English that but it never appears as the first letter of a word At the end of words as well as within words when it s followed by a voiceless consonant d is devoiced to 8 The d in the name of the letter is devoiced in the Nominative and Accusative cases ɛ8 In the Icelandic alphabet d follows d Faroese EditIn Faroese d is not assigned to any particular phoneme and appears mostly for etymological reasons but it indicates most glides When d appears before r it is in a few words pronounced ɡ In the Faroese alphabet d follows d In Olav Jakobsen Hoyem s version of Nynorsk based on Trondersk d was always silent and was introduced for etymological reasons Welsh EditD has also been used by some in written Welsh to represent d which is normally represented as dd 5 Khmer EditDd sometimes used in Khmer romanization to represents ឍ tho Phonetic transcription EditU 00F0 d LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH represents a voiced dental fricative in the International Phonetic Alphabet U 1D9E ᶞ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL ETH is used in phonetic transcription 6 U 1D06 ᴆ LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL ETH is used in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet 7 Computer input EditThe Faroese and Icelandic keyboard layouts have a dedicated button for eth On Microsoft Windows eth can be typed using the alt code Alt 0240 for lowercase or Alt 0208 for uppercase or by typing AltGr d using the US International keyboard layout On Windows 10 it can also be inserted into text via the symbol menu presented by using Windows then selecting Symbols associated with the Omega W character and then selecting Latin Symbols associated with the C cedilla C character Using the compose key multi key which is popular on Linux eth can be typed by typing Compose D H for lowercase or Compose Shift D Shift H for capital letters On ChromeOS with extended keyboard Chrome extension AltGr D will result in d being displayed Shift AltGr D will result in D Other Edit System Uppercase LowercaseUnicode U 00D0 U 00F0HTML amp ETH amp eth TeX LaTeX DH dhGTK Ctrl Shift U D0 Enter Ctrl Shift U F0 EnterVim 8 Ctrl K Shift D Ctrl K D Modern uses EditThe letter d is sometimes used in mathematics and engineering textbooks as a symbol for a spin weighted partial derivative This operator gives rise to spin weighted spherical harmonics A capital eth is used as the currency symbol for Dogecoin 9 See also EditAfrican D D D with stroke Insular script T ThornReferences Edit Marsden Richard 2004 The Cambridge Old English Reader Cambridge University Press p xxix Shaw Philip 2013 Adapting the Roman alphabet for writing Old English evidence from coin epigraphy and single sheet charters Early Medieval Europe 21 2 115 139 doi 10 1111 emed 12012 S2CID 163075636 Freeborn Dennis 1992 From Old English to Standard English London Macmillan p 24 ISBN 9780776604695 Hill Will 30 June 2020 Chapter 25 Typography and the printed English text PDF The Routledge Handbook of the English Writing System p 6 ISBN 9780367581565 The types used by Caxton and his contemporaries originated in Holland and Belgium and did not provide for the continuing use of elements of the Old English alphabet such as thorn lt th gt eth lt d gt and yogh lt ʒ gt The substitution of visually similar typographic forms has led to some anomalies which persist to this day in the reprinting of archaic texts and the spelling of regional words The widely misunderstood ye occurs through a habit of printer s usage that originates in Caxton s time when printers would substitute the lt y gt often accompanied by a superscript lt e gt in place of the thorn lt th gt or the eth lt d gt both of which were used to denote both the voiced and non voiced sounds d and 8 Anderson D 1969 The Art of Written Forms New York Holt Rinehart and Winston p 169 Testament Newydd 1567 The 1567 New Testament Constable Peter 2004 04 19 L2 04 132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS PDF Everson Michael et al 2002 03 20 L2 02 141 Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS PDF Vim documentation digraph README md Dogecoin Integration Staging Tree Source code February 5 2014 Retrieved 17 February 2014 Further reading EditLadefoged Peter Maddieson Ian 1996 The Sounds of the World s Languages Oxford Blackwell ISBN 978 0 631 19815 4 Petursson Magnus 1971 Etude de la realisation des consonnes islandaises th d s dans la prononciation d un sujet islandais a partir de la radiocinematographie Study of the realisation of Icelandic consonants th d s in the pronunciation of an Icelandic subject from radiocinematography Phonetica 33 4 203 216 doi 10 1159 000259344 S2CID 145316121External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to D Look up eth in Wiktionary the free dictionary Thorn and eth how to get them right Operinan Briem archived from the original on 2019 07 26 retrieved 2010 08 22 Alvdalsk ortografi Forslag till en enhetlig stavning for alvdalska PDF in Swedish February 2007 archived from the original on February 6 2007 a href Template Citation html title Template Citation citation a CS1 maint unfit URL link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Eth amp oldid 1131834445, 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