Faroese orthography is the method employed to write the Faroese language, using a 29-letter Latin alphabet, although it does not include the letters C, Q, W, X and Z.
Eth⟨ð⟩ (Faroese edd) never appears at the beginning of a word, which means its majuscule form ⟨Ð⟩ rarely occurs except in situations where all-capital letters are used, such as on maps.
⟨Ø⟩ can also be written ⟨ö⟩ in poetic language, such as Föroyar ('the Faroes'). This has to do with different orthographic traditions (Danish–Norwegian for ⟨ø⟩ and Icelandic for ⟨ö⟩). Originally, both forms were used, depending on the historical form of the word; ⟨ø⟩ was used when the vowel resulted from I-mutation of /o/ while ⟨ö⟩ was used when the vowel resulted from U-mutation of /a/. In handwriting, ⟨ő⟩ is sometimes used.
While ⟨c⟩, ⟨q⟩, ⟨w⟩, ⟨x⟩, and ⟨z⟩ are not found in the Faroese language, ⟨x⟩ was known in earlier versions of Hammershaimb's orthography, such as ⟨Saxun⟩ for Saksun.
While the Faroese keyboard layout allows one to write in Latin, English, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Finnish, etc., the Old Norse and Modern Icelandic letter ⟨þ⟩ is missing. In related Faroese words, it is written as either ⟨t⟩ or ⟨h⟩. If an Icelandic name has to be transcribed, ⟨th⟩ is common.
Faroese avoids having a hiatus between two vowels by inserting a glide. Orthographically, this is shown in three ways:
vowel + ⟨ð⟩ + vowel
vowel + ⟨g⟩ + vowel
vowel + vowel
Typically, the first vowel is long and in words with two syllables always stressed, while the second vowel is short and unstressed. In Faroese, short and unstressed vowels can only be /a,i,u/.
The value of the glide is determined by the surrounding vowels:
[j]
"I-surrounding, type 1" – after ⟨i, y, í, ý, ei, ey, oy⟩: bíða[ˈbʊija] (to wait), deyður[ˈdɛijʊɹ] (dead), seyður[ˈsɛijʊɹ] (sheep)
"I-surrounding, type 2" – between any vowel (except "u-vowels" ⟨ó, u, ú⟩) and ⟨i⟩: kvæði[ˈkvɛaje] (ballad), øði[ˈøːjɪ] (rage).
[w]
"U-surrounding, type 1" – after ⟨ó, u, ú⟩: Óðin[ˈɔʊwɪn] (Odin), góðan morgun![ˌɡɔʊwanˈmɔɹɡʊn] (good morning!), suður[ˈsuːwʊɹ] (south), slóða[ˈslɔʊwa] (to make a trace).
[v]
"U-surrounding, type 2" – between ⟨a, á, e, o, æ, ø⟩ and ⟨u⟩: áður[ˈɔavʊɹ] (before), leður[ˈleːvʊɹ] (leather), í klæðum[ʊɪˈklɛavʊn] (in clothes), í bløðum[ʊɪˈbløːvʊn] (in newspapers).
"A-surrounding, type 2"
These are exceptions (there is also a regular pronunciation): æða[ˈɛava] (eider-duck).
The past participles always have [j]: elskaðar[ˈɛlskajaɹ] (beloved, nom., acc. fem. pl.)
Silent
"A-surrounding, type 1" – between ⟨a, á, e, o⟩ and ⟨a⟩ and in some words between ⟨æ, ø⟩ and ⟨a⟩: ráða[ˈɹɔːa] (to advise), gleða[ˈɡ̊leːa] (to gladden, please), boða[ˈboːa] (to forebode), kvøða[ˈkvøːa] (to chant), røða[ˈɹøːa] (to make a speech)
Þráinsson, Höskuldur (2004), Faroese: An Overview and Reference Grammar, Føroya Fróðskaparfelag, ISBN978-99918-41-85-4
January 01, 1970
faroese, orthography, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, march. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Faroese orthography news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2015 Learn how and when to remove this message This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA For the distinction between and see IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters Faroese orthography is the method employed to write the Faroese language using a 29 letter Latin alphabet although it does not include the letters C Q W X and Z Contents 1 Alphabet 2 Spelling system 3 Glide insertion 4 See also 5 References 6 BibliographyAlphabet edit nbsp An example of Faroese o The usual orthography would be Fuglafjordur The Faroese alphabet consists of 29 letters derived from the Latin script Majuscule forms also called uppercase or capital letters A A B D D E F G H I I J K L M N O o P R S T U U V Y Y AE O Minuscule forms also called lowercase or small letters a a b d d e f g h i i j k l m n o o p r s t u u v y y ae o Names of letters Letter Name IPA Aa fyrra a leading a ˈfɪɹːa ɛaː Aa a ɔaː Bb be peː Dd de teː Dd edd ɛtː Ee e eː Ff eff ɛfː Gg ge keː Hh ha hɔaː Ii fyrra i leading i ˈfɪɹːa iː Ii fyrra i leading i ˈfɪɹːa ʊiː Jj jodd jɔtː Kk ka kʰɔaː Ll ell ɛlː Mm emm ɛmː Nn enn ɛnː Oo o oː oo o ɔuː Pp pe pʰeː Rr err ɛɹː Ss ess ɛsː Tt te tʰeː Uu u uː Uu u ʉuː Vv ve veː Yy seinna i latter i ˈsaiːtna iː Yy seinna i latter i ˈsaiːtna ʊiː AEae seinna a latter a ˈsaiːtna ɛaː Oo o oː Obsolete letters Xx eks ɛʰks Eth d Faroese edd never appears at the beginning of a word which means its majuscule form D rarely occurs except in situations where all capital letters are used such as on maps O can also be written o in poetic language such as Foroyar the Faroes This has to do with different orthographic traditions Danish Norwegian for o and Icelandic for o Originally both forms were used depending on the historical form of the word o was used when the vowel resulted from I mutation of o while o was used when the vowel resulted from U mutation of a In handwriting o is sometimes used While c q w x and z are not found in the Faroese language x was known in earlier versions of Hammershaimb s orthography such as Saxun for Saksun While the Faroese keyboard layout allows one to write in Latin English Danish Swedish Norwegian Finnish etc the Old Norse and Modern Icelandic letter th is missing In related Faroese words it is written as either t or h If an Icelandic name has to be transcribed th is common Spelling system edit nbsp Faroese keyboard layout Vowels Grapheme Short Long A a a ɛaː A a ɔ ɔaː E e ɛ eː I i ɪ iː I i ʊi ʊiː O o ɔ oː o o œ ɔuː U u ʊ uː U u ʏ ʉuː Y y ɪ iː Y y ʊi ʊiː AE ae a ɛaː O o œ oː EI ei ai aiː EY ey ɛi ɛiː OY oy ɔi ɔiː Consonants Grapheme IPA B b p D d t gt dj tʃ D d j w v O F f f G g k tʃ j w v O gt gj tʃ H h h gt hj tʃʰ j gt hv kv J j j K k kʰ tʃʰ gt kj tʃʰ gt kk kː ʰkː L l l l ɬ gt ll tl tɬ lː M m m N n n gt ng nk ŋk ntʃ ɲtʃ gt nk nkʰ ŋ kʰ ntʃʰ ɲ tʃʰ gt nj ɲ nj gt nn tn nː P p pʰ gt pp pː ʰpː R r ɹ ɹ ɻ S s s ʃ gt sj ʃ gt sk sk ʃ gt skj ʃ gt stj ʃ T t tʰ gt tj tʃʰ gt tt tː ʰtː V v v v ʋ f Glide insertion editFaroese avoids having a hiatus between two vowels by inserting a glide Orthographically this is shown in three ways vowel d vowel vowel g vowel vowel vowel Typically the first vowel is long and in words with two syllables always stressed while the second vowel is short and unstressed In Faroese short and unstressed vowels can only be a i u Glide insertion 1 First vowel Second vowel Examples i ɪ u ʊ a a i y iː j j j sigid sidur siga i y ʊiː j j j migi migur miga ey ɛiː j j j reydi reydur reyda ei aiː j j j reidi reidur reida oy ɔiː j j j noydi roydur royda u uː w w w sudi mugu suda o ɔuː w w w rodi rodu Noa u ʉuː w w w budi budu tua a ae ɛaː j v raedi aedu glada a ɔaː j v radi faur rada e eː j v gledi legu gleda o oː j v togid smogu roda o oː j v login rodu hogan The value of the glide is determined by the surrounding vowels j I surrounding type 1 after i y i y ei ey oy bida ˈbʊija to wait deydur ˈdɛijʊɹ dead seydur ˈsɛijʊɹ sheep I surrounding type 2 between any vowel except u vowels o u u and i kvaedi ˈkvɛaje ballad odi ˈoːjɪ rage w U surrounding type 1 after o u u odin ˈɔʊwɪn Odin godan morgun ˌɡɔʊwan ˈmɔɹɡʊn good morning sudur ˈsuːwʊɹ south sloda ˈslɔʊwa to make a trace v U surrounding type 2 between a a e o ae o and u adur ˈɔavʊɹ before ledur ˈleːvʊɹ leather i klaedum ʊɪˈklɛavʊn in clothes i blodum ʊɪˈbloːvʊn in newspapers A surrounding type 2 These are exceptions there is also a regular pronunciation aeda ˈɛava eider duck The past participles always have j elskadar ˈɛlskajaɹ beloved nom acc fem pl Silent A surrounding type 1 between a a e o and a and in some words between ae o and a rada ˈɹɔːa to advise gleda ˈɡ leːa to gladden please boda ˈboːa to forebode kvoda ˈkvoːa to chant roda ˈɹoːa to make a speech See also editFaroese language Faroese Braille Icelandic orthography Danish orthography Norwegian orthographyReferences edit THrainsson 2004 p 38 Bibliography editTHrainsson Hoskuldur 2004 Faroese An Overview and Reference Grammar Foroya Frodskaparfelag ISBN 978 99918 41 85 4 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Faroese orthography amp oldid 1219131779, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
