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Premier League

June 10, 2023

This article is about the English association football league. For other uses, see Premier League (disambiguation).

The Premier League (legal name: The Football Association Premier League Limited) is the highest level of the English football league system. Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the English Football League (EFL). Seasons typically run from August to May with each team playing 38 matches against all other teams both home and away.[1] Most games are played on Saturday and Sunday afternoons, with occasional weekday evening fixtures.[2]

Premier League
Founded20 February 1992; 31 years ago (1992-02-20)
CountryEngland
ConfederationUEFA
Number of teams20 (since 1995–96)
Level on pyramid1
Relegation toEFL Championship
Domestic cup(s)
League cup(s)EFL Cup
International cup(s)
Current championsManchester City (7th title)
(2022–23)
Most championshipsManchester United (13 titles)
Most appearancesGareth Barry (653)
Top goalscorerAlan Shearer (260)
TV partners
Websitepremierleague.com
Current: 2022–23 Premier League

The competition was founded as the FA Premier League on 20 February 1992 following the decision of First Division (top-tier league from 1888 until 1992) clubs to break away from the English Football League. However, teams may still be relegated into and promoted from the EFL Championship. The Premier League takes advantage of a lucrative television rights sale to Sky:[3] from 2019 to 2020, accumulated television rights were worth around £3.1 billion a year, with Sky and BT Group securing the domestic rights to broadcast 128 and 32 games respectively.[4][5] The Premier League is a corporation where chief executive Richard Masters is responsible for its management, with member clubs acting as shareholders.[6] Clubs were apportioned central payment revenues of £2.4 billion in 2016–17, with a further £343 million in solidarity payments to EFL clubs.[7]

The Premier League is the most-watched sports league in the world, broadcast in 212 territories to 643 million homes and a potential TV audience of 4.7 billion people.[8][9] For the 2018–19 season, the average Premier League match attendance was at 38,181,[10] second to the German Bundesliga's 43,500,[11] while aggregated attendance across all matches was the highest of any association football league at 14,508,981,[12] and most stadium occupancies are near capacity.[13] As of 2023, the Premier League is ranked first in the UEFA coefficient rankings based on performances in European competitions over the past five seasons, ahead of Spain's La Liga.[14] Combined with the old First Division, the English top-flight has produced the second-highest number of European Cup / UEFA Champions League titles, with a record five English clubs having won fourteen European championships in total.[15]

Fifty-one clubs have competed since the inception of the Premier League in 1992: forty-nine English and two Welsh clubs. Seven of them have won the title: Manchester United (13), Manchester City (7), Chelsea (5), Arsenal (3), Blackburn Rovers (1), Leicester City (1) and Liverpool (1).[16] Only six clubs have avoided relegation since its inception: Arsenal, Chelsea, Everton, Liverpool, Manchester United and Tottenham.[17]

History

See also: List of Premier League seasons

Origins

Despite significant European success in the 1970s and early 1980s, the late 1980s marked a low point for English football. Stadiums were deteriorating and supporters endured poor facilities, hooliganism was rife, and English clubs had been banned from European competition for five years following the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985.[18] The Football League First Division, the top level of English football since 1888, was behind leagues such as Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga in attendances and revenues, and several top English players had moved abroad.[19]

By the turn of the 1990s, the downward trend was starting to reverse. At the 1990 FIFA World Cup, England reached the semi-finals; UEFA, European football's governing body, lifted the five-year ban on English clubs playing in European competitions in 1990, resulting in Manchester United lifting the Cup Winners' Cup in 1991. The Taylor Report on stadium safety standards, which proposed expensive upgrades to create all-seater stadiums in the aftermath of the Hillsborough disaster, was published in January 1990.[20]

During the 1980s, major English clubs had begun to transform into business ventures, applying commercial principles to club administration to maximise revenue. Martin Edwards of Manchester United, Irving Scholar of Tottenham Hotspur, and David Dein of Arsenal were among the leaders in this transformation.[21] The commercial imperative led to the top clubs seeking to increase their power and revenue: the clubs in Division One threatened to break away from the Football League, and in so doing they managed to increase their voting power and gain a more favourable financial arrangement, taking a 50% share of all television and sponsorship income in 1986.[21] They demanded that television companies should pay more for their coverage of football matches,[22] and revenue from television grew in importance. The Football League received £6.3 million for a two-year agreement in 1986, but by 1988, in a deal agreed with ITV, the price rose to £44 million over four years with the leading clubs taking 75% of the cash.[23][24] According to Scholar, who was involved in the negotiations of television deals, each of the First Division clubs received only around £25,000 per year from television rights before 1986, this increased to around £50,000 in the 1986 negotiation, then to £600,000 in 1988.[25] The 1988 negotiations were conducted under the threat of ten clubs leaving to form a "super league", but they were eventually persuaded to stay, with the top clubs taking the lion's share of the deal.[23][26][27] The negotiations also convinced the bigger clubs that in order to receive enough votes, they needed to take the whole of First Division with them instead of a smaller "super league".[28] By the beginning of the 1990s, the big clubs again considered breaking away, especially now that they had to fund the cost of stadium upgrade as proposed by the Taylor Report.[29]

In 1990, the managing director of London Weekend Television (LWT), Greg Dyke, met with the representatives of the "big five" football clubs in England (Manchester United, Liverpool, Tottenham Hotspur, Everton and Arsenal) over a dinner.[30] The meeting was to pave the way for a breakaway from The Football League.[31] Dyke believed that it would be more lucrative for LWT if only the larger clubs in the country were featured on national television and wanted to establish whether the clubs would be interested in a larger share of television rights money.[32] The five clubs agreed with the suggestion and decided to press ahead with it; however, the league would have no credibility without the backing of The Football Association, and so David Dein of Arsenal held talks to see whether the FA were receptive to the idea. The FA did not have an amicable relationship with the Football League at the time and considered it as a way to weaken the Football League's position.[33] The FA released a report in June 1991, Blueprint for the Future of Football, that supported the plan for the Premier League with the FA as the ultimate authority that would oversee the breakaway league.[28]

Foundation (1990s)

See also: Foundation of the Premier League
1990s, foundations and early Manchester United dominance
Season Champions Runners-up
1992–93 Manchester United Aston Villa
1993–94 Manchester United Blackburn Rovers
1994–95 Blackburn Rovers Manchester United
1995–96 Manchester United Newcastle United
1996–97 Manchester United Newcastle United
1997–98 Arsenal Manchester United
1998–99 Manchester United Arsenal
1999–2000 Manchester United Arsenal
  Double winners
  Treble winners

At the close of the 1990–1991 season, a proposal was tabled for the establishment of a new league that would bring more money into the game overall. The Founder Members Agreement, signed on 17 July 1991 by the game's top-flight clubs, established the basic principles for setting up the FA Premier League.[34] The newly formed top division was to have commercial independence from The Football Association and the Football League, giving the FA Premier League licence to negotiate its own broadcast and sponsorship agreements. The argument given at the time was that the extra income would allow English clubs to compete with teams across Europe.[19] Although Dyke played a significant role in the creation of the Premier League, he and ITV (of which LWT was part) lost out in the bidding for broadcast rights: BSkyB won with a bid of £304 million over five years, with the BBC awarded the highlights package broadcast on Match of the Day.[30][32]

The First Division clubs resigned en masse from the Football League in 1992, and on 27 May that year the FA Premier League was formed as a limited company, working out of an office at the Football Association's then headquarters in Lancaster Gate.[19] The 22 inaugural members of the new Premier League were:[35]

This meant a break-up of the 104-year-old Football League that had operated until then with four divisions; the Premier League would operate with a single division and the Football League with three. There was no change in competition format; the same number of teams competed in the top flight, and promotion and relegation between the Premier League and the new First Division remained the same as the old First and Second Divisions with three teams relegated from the league and three promoted.[27]

The league held its first season in 1992–93. It was composed of 22 clubs for that season (reduced to 20 in the 1995–96 season). The first Premier League goal was scored by Brian Deane of Sheffield United in a 2–1 win against Manchester United.[36]Luton Town, Notts County, and West Ham United were the three teams relegated from the old First Division at the end of the 1991–92 season, and did not take part in the inaugural Premier League season.[37]

Manchester United won the inaugural edition of the new league, ending a twenty-six year wait to be crowned champions of England. Bolstered by this breakthrough, United immediately became the competition’s dominant team, winning seven of the first nine trophies, two League and FA-Cup 'doubles' and a European treble, initially under a team of hardened veterans such as Bryan Robson, Steve Bruce, Paul Ince, Mark Hughes and Eric Cantona, before Cantona, Bruce and Roy Keane led a young dynamic new team filled with the Class of 92, a group of young players including David Beckham who came through the Manchester United Academy. As the decade closed, United's first persistent Premier League rival, Arsenal F.C. won the League and F.A. Cup double themselves, and the Big 2 would form a duopoly for the next 5 years.

"Top Four" dominance (2000–10)

Results of the 'Top Four' during the 2000s
Season ARS CHE LIV MUN
2000–01 2 6 3 1
2001–02 1 6 2 3
2002–03 2 4 5 1
2003–04 1 2 4 3
2004–05 2 1 5 3
2005–06 4 1 3 2
2006–07 4 2 3 1
2007–08 3 2 4 1
2008–09 4 3 2 1
2009–10 3 1 7 2
Top four 10 8 7 10
out of 10
  League champions
  Champions League group stage
  Champions League third qualifying / play-off round
  Champions League first qualifying round
  UEFA Cup / Europa League

The 2000s saw the rise of first Liverpool, and then Arsenal to real competitiveness, Chelsea finally breaking the duopoly by winning in 2004-05. The dominance of the so-called "Top Four" clubs – Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool and Manchester United[38][39] – saw them finish at the top of the table for the bulk of the decade, thereby guaranteeing qualification for the UEFA Champions League. Only three other clubs managed to qualify for the competition during this period: Newcastle United (2001–02 and 2002–03), Everton (2004–05) and Tottenham Hotspur (2009–10) – each occupying the final Champions League spot, with the exception of Newcastle in the 2002–03 season, who finished third.

Following the 2003–04 season, Arsenal acquired the nickname "The Invincibles" as it became the first, and to date, only club to complete a Premier League campaign without losing a single game.[40][41]

In May 2008, Kevin Keegan stated that "Top Four" dominance threatened the division: "This league is in danger of becoming one of the most boring but great leagues in the world."[42] Premier League chief executive Richard Scudamore said in defence: "There are a lot of different tussles that go on in the Premier League depending on whether you're at the top, in the middle or at the bottom that make it interesting."[43]

Between 2005 and 2012 there was a Premier League representative in seven of the eight Champions League finals, with only "Top Four" clubs reaching that stage. Liverpool (2005), Manchester United (2008) and Chelsea (2012) won the competition during this period, with Arsenal (2006), Liverpool (2007), Chelsea (2008) and Manchester United (2009 and 2011) all losing Champions League finals.[44] Leeds United were the only non-"Top Four" side to reach the semi-finals of the Champions League, in the 2000–01 season. There were three Premier League teams in the Champions League semi-finals in 2006–07, 2007–08, and 2008–09, a feat only ever achieved five times (along with Serie A in 2002–03 and La Liga in 1999–2000).

Additionally, between the 1999–2000 and 2009–10 seasons, four Premier League sides reached UEFA Cup or Europa League finals, with only Liverpool managing to win the competition in 2001. Arsenal (2000), Middlesbrough (2006) and Fulham (2010) all lost their finals.[45]

Although the group's dominance was reduced to a degree after this period with the emergence of Manchester City and Tottenham, in terms of all-time Premier League points won they remain clear by some margin. As of the end of the 2021–22 season – the 27th season of the Premier League – Liverpool, in fourth place in the all-time points table, were over 300 points ahead of the next team, Tottenham Hotspur. They are also the only teams to maintain a winning average of over 50% throughout their entire Premier League tenures.[46]

Emergence of the "Big Six" (2010s)

Results of the 'Big Six' during the 2010s
Season ARS CHE LIV MCI MUN TOT
2010–11 4 2 6 3 1 5
2011–12 3 6 8 1 2 4
2012–13 4 3 7 2 1 5
2013–14 4 3 2 1 7 6
2014–15 3 1 6 2 4 5
2015–16 2 10 8 4 5 3
2016–17 5 1 4 3 6 2
2017–18 6 5 4 1 2 3
2018–19 5 3 2 1 6 4
2019–20 8 4 1 2 3 6
Top four 6 7 5 10 6 5
Top six 9 9 7 10 9 10
out of 10
  League champions
  Champions League group stage
  Champions League play-off round
  Europa League

The years following 2009 marked a shift in the structure of the "Top Four" with Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester City both breaking into the top four places on a regular basis, turning the "Top Four" into the "Big Six".[47] In the 2009–10 season, Tottenham finished fourth and became the first team to break into the top four since Everton five years prior.[48] Criticism of the gap between an elite group of "super clubs" and the majority of the Premier League has continued, nevertheless, due to their increasing ability to spend more than the other Premier League clubs.[49] Manchester City won the title in the 2011–12 season, becoming the first club outside the "Big Four" to win since Blackburn Rovers in the 1994–95 season. That season also saw two of the "Big Four" (Chelsea and Liverpool) finish outside the top four places for the first time since that season.[47]

With only four UEFA Champions League qualifying places available in the league, greater competition for qualification now exists, albeit from a narrow base of six clubs. In the five seasons following the 2011–12 campaign, Manchester United and Liverpool both found themselves outside of the top four three times, while Chelsea finished 10th in the 2015–16 season. Arsenal finished 5th in 2016–17, ending their record run of 20 consecutive top-four finishes.[50]

In the 2015–16 season, the top four was breached by a non-Big Six side for the first time since Everton in 2005. Leicester City were the surprise winners of the league, qualifying for the Champions League as a result.[51]

Number of top 6 finishes during 2010s
Club Top 6
finishes
Manchester City 10
Tottenham Hotspur 10
Arsenal 9
Chelsea 9
Manchester United 9
Liverpool 7
Everton 2
Leicester City 2
Newcastle United 1
Southampton 1

Off the pitch, the "Big Six" wield significant financial power and influence, with these clubs arguing that they should be entitled to a greater share of revenue due to the greater stature of their clubs globally and the attractive football they aim to play.[52] Objectors argue that the egalitarian revenue structure in the Premier League helps to maintain a competitive league which is vital for its future success.[53] The 2016–17 Deloitte Football Money League report showed the financial disparity between the "Big Six" and the rest of the division. All of the "Big Six" had revenues greater than €350 million, with Manchester United having the largest revenue in the league at €676.3 million. Leicester City was the closest club to the "Big Six" in terms of revenue, recording a figure of €271.1 million for that season – helped by participation in the Champions League. The eighth-largest revenue generator, West Ham – who did not play in European competition – had revenues of €213.3 million, less than half of those of the club with the fifth-largest revenue, Liverpool (€424.2 million).[54] A substantial part of the clubs' revenue by then came from television broadcast deals, with the biggest clubs each taking from around £150 million to nearly £200 million in the 2016–17 season from such deals.[55] In Deloitte's 2019 report, all the "Big Six" were in the top ten of the world's richest clubs.[56]

2020s

Results of the 'Big Six' during the 2020s
Season ARS CHE LIV MCI MUN TOT
2020–21 8 4 3 1 2 7
2021–22 5 3 2 1 6 4
2022–23 2 12 5 1 3 8
Top four 1 2 2 3 2 1
Top six 2 2 3 3 3 1
out of 3
  League champions
  Champions League group stage
  Europa League
  Europa Conference League

From the 2019–20 season, video assistant referees were used in the league.[57]

Project Big Picture was announced in October 2020 that described a plan to reunite the top Premier League clubs with the English Football League, proposed by leading Premier League clubs Manchester United and Liverpool.[58] It has been criticised by the Premier League leadership and the UK government's Department of Culture, Media and Sport.[59]

On 26 April 2021, play was stopped during a match between Leicester City and Crystal Palace to allow players Wesley Fofana and Cheikhou Kouyaté to break Ramadan fast. It is believed to be the first time in Premier League history that a game was paused to allow Muslim players to eat and drink after the sun had set in accordance with the rules of the faith.[60]

The 2022–23 season was the first to take a six-week break between November and December 2022 to allow for the first winter World Cup,[61] with a return for the Boxing Day fixtures.[62] The Premier League players decided to take the knee only at some selected "significant moments", instead of the routine before matches. They assured to "remain resolutely committed to eradicate racial prejudice".[63]

That season was notable for Newcastle United and Brighton & Hove Albion breaking the traditional "big six", as they finished fourth and sixth, respectively, while Tottenham and Chelsea were eighth and twelfth, respectively.[64][65] Meanwhile, 2015–16 champions Leicester City were relegated, becoming the second league-winning club to suffer relegation since 1992.[66]

Number of top 6 finishes during 2020s
Club Top 6
finishes
Liverpool 3
Manchester City 3
Manchester United 3
Arsenal 2
Chelsea 2
Brighton & Hove Albion 1
Leicester City 1
Newcastle United 1
West Ham United 1
Tottenham Hotspur 1

Corporate structure

The Football Association Premier League Ltd (FAPL)[67][68][69] is operated as a corporation and is owned by the 20 member clubs. Each club is a shareholder, with one vote each on issues such as rule changes and contracts. The clubs elect a chairman, chief executive, and board of directors to oversee the daily operations of the league.[70] The Football Association is not directly involved in the day-to-day operations of the Premier League, but has veto power as a special shareholder during the election of the chairman and chief executive and when new rules are adopted by the league.[71]

The current chief executive is Richard Masters, who was appointed in December 2019.[72] The chair is due to be Alison Brittain, who will take over the role in early 2023.[73]

The Premier League sends representatives to UEFA's European Club Association, the number of clubs and the clubs themselves chosen according to UEFA coefficients. For the 2012–13 season, the Premier League has 10 representatives in the Association: Arsenal, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Everton, Fulham, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Newcastle United and Tottenham Hotspur.[74] The European Club Association is responsible for electing three members to UEFA's Club Competitions Committee, which is involved in the operations of UEFA competitions such as the Champions League and UEFA Europa League.[75]

Office holders
Office No. Name Tenure
Chief Executive 1 Rick Parry 1991–1997
2 Richard Scudamore 1999–2018
3 Richard Masters 2019–
Chair 1 Sir John Quinton 1991–1999
2 Dave Richards 1999–2013
3 Anthony Fry 2013–2014
4 Richard Scudamore 2014–2018
5 Gary Hoffman 2020–2022
6 Alison Brittain 2023–

Criticism of governance

The Premier League has faced criticism of its governance due to an alleged lack of transparency and accountability.

Following the Premier League's blocking of the attempted takeover of Newcastle United by a PIF-backed consortium through the league's Owners' and Directors' test, many MPs, Newcastle United fans and related parties to the deal denounced the Premier League for its perceived lack of transparency and accountability throughout the process.[76][77][78] On 6 July 2021, consortium member Amanda Staveley of PCP Capital Partners said that "fans surely deserve absolute transparency from the regulators across all their processes – to best ensure that they act responsibly. They (the Premier League) are performing a function like that of a government regulator – but without the same systems for accountability."[78]

On 22 July 2021, Tracey Crouch MP – chair of the fan-led review into the UK's football governance – announced in the review's interim findings that the Premier League had "lost the trust and confidence" of fans. The review also recommended that a new independent regulator be created to oversee matters such as club takeovers.[79][80]

Premier League chief executive Richard Masters had earlier spoken out against the implementation of an independent regulator, saying in May 2021, "I don't think that the independent regulator is the answer to the question. I would defend the Premier League's role as regulator of its clubs over the past 30 years."[81]

Competition format

[The Premier League] is very tough and is different. If you compare this league to another league, it's like playing another sport.

–Antonio Conte, on the competitiveness of the Premier League.[82]

In [The Premier League] you never really know what is going to happen, there is very little between the teams.

–Luis Suarez[83]

Competition

There are 20 clubs in the Premier League. During the course of a season (from August to May) each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for 38 games. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored. If still equal, teams are deemed to occupy the same position. If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation, or for qualification to other competitions, the head-to-head record between the tied teams is taken into consideration (points scored in the matches between the teams, followed by away goals in those matches.) If two teams are still tied, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank.[84]

Promotion and relegation

A system of promotion and relegation exists between the Premier League and the EFL Championship. The three lowest placed teams in the Premier League are relegated to the Championship, and the top two teams from the Championship promoted to the Premier League,[85] with an additional team promoted after a series of play-offs involving the third, fourth, fifth and sixth placed clubs.[86] The number of clubs was reduced from 22 to 20 in 1995, when four teams were relegated from the league and only two teams promoted.[87][88] The top flight had only been expanded to 22 teams at the start of the 1991–92 season – the year prior to the formation of the Premier League.[88]

On 8 June 2006, FIFA requested that all major European leagues, including Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga, be reduced to 18 teams by the start of the 2007–08 season. The Premier League responded by announcing their intention to resist such a reduction.[89] Ultimately, the 2007–08 season kicked off again with 20 teams.[90]

Video Assistant Referee

Video assistant referee (VAR), was introduced to the Premier League at the beginning of the 2019–20 season. It uses technology and officials to assist the referee in making decisions on the pitch.[91] However, its use has been met with mixed receptions from fans and pundits, with some praising its accuracy while others criticise its impact on the flow of the game and consistency of decision-making.

The on-field referee still makes the final decision, but VAR can assist the referee in the decision-making process. VAR can only be used for four types of decisions: goals, penalty decisions, direct red card incidents, and cases of mistaken identity. VAR officials review the video footage and communicate with the on-field referee via a headset. The VAR officials are located in a central control room, which is equipped with multiple camera angles and the ability to replay footage at various speeds.

A study evaluating fan reception of VAR in the Premier League was made by Otto Kolbinger and Melanie Knopp and was done by analysing Twitter data.[92] The researchers used sentiment analysis to measure the overall positive or negative attitudes towards VAR, as well as topic modelling to identify specific issues that fans are discussing related to VAR. The study found that the reception of VAR on Twitter is largely negative, with fans expressing frustration and criticism of the technology's impact on the flow of the game and the inconsistency of decisions. The researchers also identified specific issues, such as handball and offside decisions, that fans are particularly critical of. The study concludes that VAR has not been well received by fans in the Premier League, and that efforts to improve the technology and increase transparency in decision-making are needed to address these concerns.

Clubs

Main article: List of Premier League clubs
See also: Performance record of clubs in the Premier League and All-time Premier League table

Fifty clubs have played in the Premier League from its inception in 1992, up to and including the 2022–23 season.[93]

Champions

See also: List of English football champions

One-time champions Blackburn Rovers and Leicester City are currently out of the Premier League.

2023–24 season

Twenty clubs will compete in the Premier League – top seventeen from the previous season and three promoted from the Championship:

2023–24
Club 		2022–23
Position 		First season in
top division 		First season in
Premier League 		Seasons
in top
division 		Seasons
in Premier
League 		First season of
current spell in
top division 		No. of seasons
of current spell
in Premier League 		Top
division
titles 		Most
recent top
division title
Arsenal[a][b] 2nd 1904–05 1992–93 107 32 1919–20[c] (105 seasons) 32 13 2003–04
Aston Villa[a][d] 7th 1888–89 1992–93 110 29 2019–20 (5 seasons) 5 7 1980–81
Bournemouth 15th 2015–16 2015–16 7 7 2022–23 (7 seasons) 2 0 –
Brentford[b] 9th 1935–36 2021–22 8 3 2021–22 (3 seasons) 3 0 –
Brighton & Hove Albion[b] 6th 1979–80 2017–18 11 7 2017–18 (7 seasons) 7 0 –
Burnley[d] 1st (CS) 1888–89 2009–10 60 8 2023–24 (1 season) 1 2 1959–60
Chelsea[a][b] 12th 1907–08 1992–93 89 32 1989–90 (35 seasons) 32 7 2016–17
Crystal Palace[a] 11th 1969–70 1992–93 24 15 2013–14 (11 seasons) 11 0 –
Everton[a][b][d] 17th 1888–89 1992–93 121 32 1954–55 (70 seasons) 32 9 1986–87
Fulham 10th 1949–50 2001–02 29 17 2022–23 (2 seasons) 2 0 –
Liverpool[a][b] 5th 1894–95 1992–93 109 32 1962–63 (62 seasons) 32 19 2019–20
Luton Town[b] 3rd (CS) 1955–56 2023–24 17 1 2023–24 (1 season) 1 0 –
Manchester City[a] 1st 1899–1900 1992–93 95 27 2002–03 (22 seasons) 22 9 2022–23
Manchester United[a][b] 3rd 1892–93 1992–93 99 32 1975–76 (49 seasons) 32 20 2012–13
Newcastle United 4th 1898–99 1993–94 92 29 2017–18 (7 seasons) 7 4 1926–27
Nottingham Forest[a] 16th 1892–93 1992–93 58 7 2022–23 (2 seasons) 2 1 1977–78
Sheffield United[a] 2nd (CS) 1893–94 1992–93 63 6 2023–24 (1 season) 1 1 1897–98
Tottenham Hotspur[a][b] 8th 1909–10 1992–93 89 32 1978–79 (46 seasons) 32 2 1960–61
West Ham United 14th 1923–24 1993–94 66 28 2012–13 (12 seasons) 12 0 –
Wolverhampton Wanderers[d] 13th 1888–89 2003–04 69 10 2018–19 (6 seasons) 6 3 1958–59
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Founding member of the Premier League
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Never been relegated from the Premier League
  3. ^ Longest continuous run in the English top flight.[94]
  4. ^ a b c d One of the original twelve Football League teams
This section is transcluded from Template:Premier League labelled map. (edit | history)


Non-English clubs

See also: List of association football clubs playing in the league of another country

In 2011, after Swansea City gained promotion, a Welsh club participated in the Premier League for the first time.[95][96] The first Premier League match to be played outside England was Swansea City's home match at the Liberty Stadium against Wigan Athletic on 20 August 2011.[97] The number of Welsh clubs in the Premier League increased to two in 2013–14, as Cardiff City gained promotion,[98] but they were relegated after their maiden season.[99] Cardiff were promoted again in 2017–18 but the number of Welsh clubs remained the same for the 2018–19 Premier League season, as Swansea City had been relegated from the Premier League in 2017–18.[100] Following Cardiff City's relegation after the 2018–19 season, there are currently no Welsh clubs participating in the Premier League.[101]

Because they are members of the Football Association of Wales (FAW), the question of whether clubs like Swansea should represent England or Wales in European competitions has caused long-running discussions in UEFA. Swansea took one of England's three available places in the Europa League in 2013–14 by winning the League Cup in 2012–13.[102] The right of Welsh clubs to take up such English places was in doubt until UEFA clarified the matter in March 2012, allowing them to participate.[103]

Participation in the Premier League by some Scottish or Irish clubs has sometimes been discussed, but without result. The idea came closest to reality in 1998, when Wimbledon received Premier League approval to relocate to Dublin, Ireland, but the move was blocked by the Football Association of Ireland.[104][105][106][107] Additionally, the media occasionally discusses the idea that Scotland's two biggest teams, Celtic and Rangers, should or will take part in the Premier League, but nothing has come of these discussions.[108]

International competitions

Qualification for European competitions

See also: UEFA coefficient § Men's association coefficient

Qualification criteria for 2022–23

See also: 2023–24 UEFA Champions League § Association team allocation

The top four teams in the Premier League qualify automatically for the subsequent season's UEFA Champions League group stage. The winners of the Champions League and UEFA Europa League may earn an additional qualification for the subsequent season's Champions League group stage if did not finish in the top four. If this means six Premier League teams qualify, then the fourth-placed team in the Premier League is instead entered in the Europa League, as any single nation is limited to a maximum of five teams in the Champions League.

The fifth-placed team in the Premier League, as well as the winners of the FA Cup, qualify for the subsequent season's Europa League group stage, but if the winner of the FA Cup also finished in the top five places in the Premier League or has won one of UEFA's major tournaments, then this place reverts to the team that finished sixth. The winner of the EFL Cup qualifies for the subsequent season's UEFA Europa Conference League, but if the winner had already qualified for a UEFA competition via their performance in another competition, then this place reverts to the team that finished sixth in the Premier League, or seventh if the FA Cup result had already caused the sixth-placed team to qualify.[109]

The number of places allocated to English clubs in UEFA competitions is dependent upon the position the country holds in the UEFA coefficient rankings, which are calculated based on the performance of teams in UEFA competitions over the previous five years. Currently, England is ranked first, ahead of Spain.

As of 18 May 2023, the coefficients for are as follows (only top five European leagues are shown):[110][111]

Ranking Member association
(L: League, C: Cup, LC: League Cup) 		Coefficient Teams[a] Places in 2024–25 season
2023 2022 Mvmt 2018–19 2019–20 2020–21 2021–22 2022–23 Total UCL UEL UECL Total
1 1   –   England (L, C, LC[b]) 22.642 18.571 24.357 21.000 22.428 108.998 2/7 4 2 1 7
2 2   –   Spain (L, C) 19.571 18.928 19.500 18.428 16.428 92.855 1/7
3 4   +1   Germany (L, C) 15.214 18.714 15.214 16.214 17.125 82.481 0/8
4 3   –1   Italy (L, C) 12.642 14.928 16.285 15.714 22.214 81.783 3/7
5 5   –   France (L, C) 10.583 11.666 7.916 18.416 12.583 61.164 0/6
  1. ^ Number of teams still active from association in UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League or UEFA Europa Conference League.
  2. ^ The winner of the league cup of England is given a place in the UEFA Europa Conference League by special permission from UEFA (replacing the lowest-ranked league team which would have qualified).

Previous seasons

An exception to the usual European qualification system happened in 2005, after Liverpool won the Champions League the season before, but did not finish in a Champions League qualification place in the Premier League. UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League, giving England five qualifiers.[112] The governing body subsequently ruled that the defending champions qualify for the competition the following year regardless of their domestic league placing. However, for those leagues with four entrants in the Champions League, this meant that if the Champions League winners finished outside the top four in its domestic league, it would qualify at the expense of the fourth-placed team. At that time, no association could have more than four entrants in the Champions League.[113] This occurred in 2012, when Chelsea – who had won the Champions League that summer, but finished sixth in the league – qualified for the 2012–13 Champions League in place of Tottenham Hotspur, who went into the Europa League.[114]

From 2015–16, the Europa League winners qualify for the Champions League, increasing the maximum number of participants per country to five.[115] This took effect in England in 2016–17, when Manchester United finished sixth in the Premier League and won the Europa League, giving England five Champions League entrants for 2017–18.[116] In these instances, any Europa League berth vacated is not handed down to the next-best Premier League finisher outside of a qualifying place. If both Champions League and Europa League winners are of the same association and both finish outside the top four, then the fourth-placed team is transferred to the Europa League.

Performance in international competition

Main article: English football clubs in international competitions

With 46 continental trophies won, English clubs are the third-most successful in European football, behind Italy (49) and Spain (65). In the top-tier UEFA Champions League, a record five English clubs have won a total of 14 titles and lost a further 11 finals, behind Spanish clubs with 19 and 11, respectively.[117] In the second-tier UEFA Europa League, English clubs are also second, with nine victories and eight losses in the finals.[118] In the former second-tier UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, English teams won a record eight tiles and had a further five finalists.[119] In the non-UEFA organized Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, English clubs provided four winners and four runners-up, the second-most behind Spain with six and three, respectively.[120] In the newly created third-tier UEFA Europa Conference League, English clubs have won a joint-record one title so far.[121] In the former fourth-tier UEFA Intertoto Cup, England won four titles and had a further final appearance, placing it fifth in the rankings, although English clubs were notorious for treating the tournament with disdain, either sending "B" squads or withdrawing from it altogether.[122][123][124] In the one-off UEFA Super Cup, England has nine winners and ten runners-up, the second-most behind Spain with 16 and 14, respectively.[125] Similarly to the Intertoto Cup, English teams did not take the former Intercontinental Cup seriously enough, despite its international status of the Club World Championship. They a made a total of six appearances in the one-off competition, winning only one of them, and withdrew a further three times.[126] English club have won the FIFA-organized Club World Cup three times, the third-most behind Spain and Brazil, with eight and four, respectively.[127][124]

Sponsorship

See also: English football sponsorship

The league changed its name from the FA Premier League to simply the Premier League in 2007.[128] From 1993 to 2016, the Premier League had title sponsorship rights sold to two companies, which were Carling brewery and Barclays Bank PLC; Barclays was the most recent title sponsor, having sponsored the Premier League from 2001 until 2016 (until 2004, the title sponsorship was held through its Barclaycard brand before shifting to its main banking brand in 2004).[129]

Period Sponsor Brand
1992–1993 No sponsor FA Premier League
1993–2001 Carling FA Carling Premiership[19]
2001–2004 Barclaycard FA Barclaycard Premiership[19]
2004–2007 Barclays FA Barclays Premiership
2007–2016 Barclays Premier League[19][130]
2016–present No sponsor Premier League

Barclays' deal with the Premier League expired at the end of the 2015–16 season. The FA announced on 4 June 2015 that it would not pursue any further title sponsorship deals for the Premier League, arguing that they wanted to build a "clean" brand for the competition more in line with those of major U.S. sports leagues.[131]

 
Nike "Maxim" ball used in the Premier League in 2012

As well as sponsorship for the league itself, the Premier League has a number of official partners and suppliers.[132] The official ball supplier for the league is Nike who have had the contract since the 2000–01 season when they took over from Mitre.[133] Under its Merlin brand, Topps held the licence to produce collectables for the Premier League between 1994 and 2019 including stickers (for their sticker album) and trading cards.[134] Launched in the 2007–08 season, Topps’ Match Attax, the official Premier League trading card game, is the best selling boys collectable in the UK, and is also the biggest selling sports trading card game in the world.[134][135] In October 2018, Panini were awarded the licence to produce collectables from the 2019–20 season.[136] The chocolate company Cadbury has been the official snack partner of the Premier League since 2017, and sponsored the Golden Boot, Golden Glove and Playmaker of the Season awards from the 2017–18 season to 2019–20 season.[137][138] The Coca-Cola Company (under its Coca-Cola Zero Sugar product line) sponsored these awards during the 2020–21 season with Castrol being the current sponsor as of the 2021–22 season.[139]

Finances

See also: List of Premier League football club owners

The Premier League has the highest revenue of any association football league in the world, with total club revenues of €2.48 billion in 2009–10.[140][141] In 2013–14, due to improved television revenues and cost controls, the Premier League clubs collectively made a net profit in excess of £78 million, exceeding all other football leagues.[142] In 2010 the Premier League was awarded the Queen's Award for Enterprise in the International Trade category for its outstanding contribution to international trade and the value it brings to English football and the United Kingdom's broadcasting industry.[143]

The Premier League includes some of the richest football clubs in the world. Deloitte's "Football Money League" listed seven Premier League clubs in the top 20 for the 2009–10 season,[144] and all 20 clubs were in the top 40 globally by the end of the 2013–14 season, largely as a result of increased broadcasting revenue.[145] In 2019, the league generated around £3.1 billion per year in domestic and international television rights.[4]

Premier League clubs agreed in principle in December 2012, to radical new cost controls. The two proposals consist of a break-even rule and a cap on the amount clubs can increase their wage bill by each season. With the new television deals on the horizon, momentum has been growing to find ways of preventing the majority of the cash going straight to players and agents.[146]

Central payments for the 2016–17 season amounted to £2,398,515,773 across the 20 clubs, with each team receiving a flat participation fee of £35,301,989 and additional payments for TV broadcasts (£1,016,690 for general UK rights to match highlights, £1,136,083 for each live UK broadcast of their games and £39,090,596 for all overseas rights), commercial rights (a flat fee of £4,759,404) and a notional measure of "merit" which was based upon final league position.[7] The merit component was a nominal sum of £1,941,609 multiplied by each finishing place, counted from the foot of the table (e.g., Burnley finished 16th in May 2017, five places counting upwards, and received 5 × £1,941,609 = £9,708,045 merit payment).[7]

Relegation

See also: Premier League–Football League gulf and Premier League Parachute and Solidarity Payments

Since its split with the Football League, established clubs in the Premier League have a funding disparity from counterparts in lower leagues. Revenue from television rights between the leagues has played a part in this.[147]

Promoted teams have found it difficult to avoid relegation in their first Premier League season. One Premier League newcomer has been relegated back to the Football League every season, save the 2001–02, 2011–12, 2017–18 & 2022-23 seasons. In the 1997–98 season, all three promoted clubs were relegated by the season's end.[148]

The Premier League distributes a portion of its television revenue as "parachute payments" to relegated clubs for adjustment to television revenue loss. The average Premier League team receives £41 million[149] while the average Championship club receives £2 million.[150] Starting with the 2013–14 season, these payments are in excess of £60 million over four seasons.[151] Critics maintain that the payments widen the gap between teams that have reached the Premier League and those that have not,[152] leading to the common occurrence of teams "bouncing back" soon after their relegation.

Clubs which have failed to win immediate promotion back to the Premier League have seen financial problems, in some cases administration or liquidation. Further relegations down the footballing ladder have occurred for multiple clubs unable to cope with the gap.[153][154]

Media coverage

See also: English football on television, List of Premier League broadcasters, and Broadcasting and the foundation of the Premier League

United Kingdom and Ireland

Matches broadcast in the United Kingdom and Ireland
Seasons Sky Others Total
1992–2001 60 – 60
2001–2004 110 110
2004–2007 138 138
2007–2009 92 Setanta 46 – 138
2009–2010 92 ESPN 46 138
2010–2013 115 ESPN 23 138
2013–2016 116 TNT[a] 38 154
2016–2019 126 42 168
2019–2025 128 52 Amazon 20 200
 
Eden Hazard in possession of the ball during a 2012 match between Chelsea and Norwich City

Television has played a major role in the history of the Premier League. The League's decision to assign broadcasting rights to Sky in 1992 was at the time a radical decision, but one that has paid off. At the time, paid television was an almost untested proposition in the UK market as was charging fans to watch live televised football. However, a combination of Sky's strategy, the quality of Premier League football and the public's appetite for the game has seen the value of the Premier League's TV rights soar.[24]

The Premier League sells its television rights on a collective basis. This is in contrast to some other European leagues, including La Liga, in which each club sells its rights individually, leading to a much higher share of the total income going to the top few clubs.[155] The money is divided into three parts:[156] half is divided equally between the clubs; one quarter is awarded on a merit basis based on final league position, the top club getting twenty times as much as the bottom club, and equal steps all the way down the table; the final quarter is paid out as facilities fees for games that are shown on television, with the top clubs generally receiving the largest shares of this. The income from overseas rights is divided equally between the twenty clubs.[157]

Not all Premier League matches are televised in the United Kingdom, as the league upholds the long-standing prohibition on telecasts of any association football match (domestic or otherwise) that kicks off between 2:45 p.m. and 5:15 p.m. on Saturday matchdays.[158][159][160]

The first Sky television rights agreement was worth £304 million over five seasons.[161] The next contract, negotiated to start from the 1997–98 season, rose to £670 million over four seasons.[161] The third contract was a £1.024 billion deal with BSkyB for the three seasons from 2001 to 2004. The league brought in £320 million from the sale of its international rights for the three-year period from 2004 to 2007. It sold the rights itself on a territory-by-territory basis.[162] Sky's monopoly was broken from August 2006 when Setanta Sports was awarded rights to show two out of the six packages of matches available. This occurred following an insistence by the European Commission that exclusive rights should not be sold to one television company. Sky and Setanta paid £1.7 billion, a two-thirds increase which took many commentators by surprise as it had been widely assumed that the value of the rights had levelled off following many years of rapid growth. Setanta also hold rights to a live 3 pm match solely for Irish viewers. The BBC retained the rights to show highlights for the same three seasons (on Match of the Day) for £171.6 million, a 63 per cent increase on the £105 million it paid for the previous three-year period.[163] Sky and BT agreed to jointly pay £84.3 million for delayed television rights to 242 games (that is the right to broadcast them in full on television and over the internet) in most cases for a period of 50 hours after 10 p.m. on matchday.[164] Overseas television rights fetched £625 million, nearly double the previous contract.[165] The total raised from those deals was more than £2.7 billion, giving Premier League clubs an average media income from league games of around £40 million-a-year from 2007 to 2010.[166]

 
Cristiano Ronaldo preparing to take a free kick in a 2009 match between Manchester United and Liverpool

The TV rights agreement between the Premier League and Sky faced accusations of being a cartel, and a number of court cases arose as a result.[167] An investigation by the Office of Fair Trading in 2002 found BSkyB to be dominant within the pay TV sports market, but concluded that there were insufficient grounds for the claim that BSkyB had abused its dominant position.[168] In July 1999 the Premier League's method of selling rights collectively for all member clubs was investigated by the UK Restrictive Practices Court, which concluded that the agreement was not contrary to the public interest.[169]

The BBC's highlights package on Saturday and Sunday nights, as well as other evenings when fixtures justify, ran until 2016.[170] Television rights alone for the period 2010 to 2013 were purchased for £1.782 billion.[171] On 22 June 2009, due to troubles encountered by Setanta Sports after it failed to meet a final deadline over a £30 million payment to the Premier League, ESPN was awarded two packages of UK rights containing 46 matches that were available for the 2009–10 season as well as a package of 23 matches per season from 2010 to 2013.[172] On 13 June 2012, the Premier League announced that BT had been awarded 38 games a season for the 2013–14, 2014–15 and 2015–16 seasons at £246 million-a-year. The remaining 116 games were retained by Sky, which paid £760 million-a-year. The total domestic rights raised £3.018 billion, an increase of 70.2% over the 2010–11 to 2012–13 rights.[173] The value of the licensing deal rose by another 70.2% in 2015, when Sky and BT paid £5.136 billion to renew their contracts with the Premier League for another three years up to the 2018–19 season.[174]

A new rights cycle began in the 2019–20 season, with the domestic package increasing to 200 matches overall; in February 2018, BT were awarded the package of 32 lunchtime fixtures on Saturdays, while Sky was awarded four of the seven packages, covering the majority of weekend fixtures (including eight new prime time fixtures on Saturdays), as well as Monday and Friday matches. Two remaining packages of 20 fixtures each were to be sold at a later date, including three rounds of mid-week fixtures and a bank holiday round. As Sky already owned the maximum number of matches it could hold without breaching a 148-match cap, it was speculated that at least one of the new packages could go to a new entrant, such as a streaming service. The five packages sold to BT and Sky were valued at £4.464 billion.[175] In June 2018, it was announced that Amazon Prime Video and BT had acquired the remaining two packages; Amazon acquired rights to 20 matches per-season, covering a mid-week round in December, and all Boxing Day fixtures.[176] The Amazon telecasts are produced in association with Sunset + Vine and BT Sport.[177]

With the resumption of play in the 2019–20 Premier League due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, the Premier League announced that all remaining matches would be carried on British television, split primarily across Sky, BT, and Amazon. A large number of these matches were also scheduled for free-to-air broadcasts, with Sky airing 25 on Pick, Amazon streaming its four matches on Twitch, and the BBC – for the first time in league history – carrying four live matches.[178][179][180][181]

As matches would continue to be played without spectators upon the start of the 2020–21 Premier League, its clubs voted on 8 September to continue broadcasting all matches through at least September (with the BBC and Amazon each holding one additional match), and "appropriate arrangements" being made for October.[182][183] It was later announced that matches not selected for broadcast would be carried on pay-per-view via BT Sport Box Office and Sky Box Office at a cost of £14.95 per-match. The PPV scheme was poorly received; the Football Supporters' Federation felt that the price was too high, and there were concerns that it could encourage piracy. There were calls from supporters to boycott the pay-per-views, and make donations to support charitable causes instead (with Newcastle's "Charity Not PPV" campaign raising £20,000 for a local food bank, and Arsenal fans raising £34,000 for Islington Giving). On 13 November, amid the reintroduction of measures across the UK, the Premier League officially announced that the non-televised matches would be assigned to its main broadcast partners, and again including additional matches for the BBC and Amazon Prime.[184][185][186][187]

The next cycle of rights between 2022–23 and 2024–25 season was renewed without tender due to compelling and exceptional circumstances in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, rights remained as they were since the 2019–20 season.[188] BT Sport was also renamed TNT Sports ahead of the 2023–24 season.[189]

UK highlights

Highlights programme Duration Channel
Match of the Day 1992–2001
2004–present 		BBC
The Premiership 2001–2004 ITV

In August 2016, it was announced the BBC would be creating a new magazine-style show for the Premier League entitled The Premier League Show.[190]

Worldwide

The Premier League is the most-watched football league in the world, broadcast in 212 territories to 643 million homes and a potential TV audience of 4.7 billion people.[8] The Premier League's production arm, Premier League Productions, is operated by IMG Productions and produces content for its international television partners.[191]

The Premier League is the most widely distributed sports programme in Asia.[192] In Australia, Optus telecommunications holds exclusive rights to the Premier League, providing live broadcasts and online access (Fox Sports formerly held rights).[193] In Indian Subcontinent, the matches are broadcast live on STAR Sports.[194] In MENA region, BeIN Sports holds exclusive rights to the Premier League.[195] In China, the broadcast rights were awarded to iQiyi, Migu and CCTV that began in the 2021–22 season.[196][197][198] As of the 2022–23 season, Canadian media rights to the Premier League are owned by FuboTV,[199] after having been jointly owned by Sportsnet and TSN, and most recently DAZN.[200]

The Premier League is broadcast in the United States by NBC Sports, a division of Sky parent Comcast.[201] Acquiring the rights to the Premier League in 2013 (replacing Fox Soccer and ESPN), NBC Sports has been widely praised for its coverage.[202][203][204] NBC Sports reached a six-year extension with the Premier League in 2015 to broadcast the league until the end of the 2021–22 season in a deal valued at $1 billion (£640 million).[205][206] In November 2021, NBC reached another six-year extension through 2028 in a deal valued at $2.76 billion (£2 billion).[207][208]

The Premier League is broadcast by SuperSport across sub-Saharan Africa.[209] Broadcasters to continental Europe until 2025 include Canal+ for France,[210] Sky Sport Germany for Germany and Austria,[211] Match TV for Russia,[212] Sky Sport Italy for Italy,[213] Eleven Sports for Portugal,[214] DAZN for Spain,[215] beIN Sports Turkey to Turkey,[216] Digi Sport for Romania,[217] SCTV for Indonesia, Astro for Malaysia, and NENT to Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark and Norway),[218] Poland and the Netherlands.[219] In South America, ESPN covers much of the continent,[220] with coverage in Brazil shared between ESPN Brasil and Fox Sports (later rebranded as ESPN4).[221][222] Paramount+ broadcasts the league in Central America.[223]

Stadiums

Main article: List of Premier League stadiums

As of the 2017–18 season, Premier League football has been played in 58 stadiums since the formation of the division.[224] The Hillsborough disaster in 1989 and the subsequent Taylor Report saw a recommendation that standing terraces should be abolished. As a result, all stadiums in the Premier League are all-seater.[225][226] Since the formation of the Premier League, football grounds in England have seen constant improvements to capacity and facilities, with some clubs moving to new-build stadiums.[227] Nine stadiums that have seen Premier League football have now been demolished. The stadiums for the 2017–18 season show a large disparity in capacity. For example, Wembley Stadium, the temporary home of Tottenham Hotspur, has a capacity of 90,000 while Dean Court, the home of AFC Bournemouth, has a capacity of 11,360.[228][229] The combined total capacity of the Premier League in the 2017–18 season is 806,033 with an average capacity of 40,302.[228]

Stadium attendances are a significant source of regular income for Premier League clubs.[230] For the 2016–17 season, average attendances across the league clubs were 35,838 for Premier League matches with an aggregate attendance of 13,618,596.[231] This represents an increase of 14,712 from the average attendance of 21,126 recorded in the Premier League's first season (1992–93).[232] However, during the 1992–93 season, the capacities of most stadiums were reduced as clubs replaced terraces with seats in order to meet the Taylor Report's 1994–95 deadline for all-seater stadiums.[233][234] The Premier League's record average attendance of 36,144 was set during the 2007–08 season.[235] This record was then beaten in the 2013–14 season recording an average attendance of 36,695 with an attendance of just under 14 million, the highest average in England's top flight since 1950.[236]

Managers

I have never known this level before. Of course, there are managers in Germany, Italy, and Spain, but in the Premier League, these are the best managers, the elite managers. The quality, the preparation. The level is so high.

Pep Guardiola, on the quality of managers of Premier League teams.[237]

See also: List of Premier League managers

Managers in the Premier League are involved in the day-to-day running of the team, including the training, team selection and player acquisition. Their influence varies from club-to-club and is related to the ownership of the club and the relationship of the manager with fans.[238] Managers are required to have a UEFA Pro Licence which is the final coaching qualification available, and follows the completion of the UEFA 'B' and 'A' Licences.[239] The UEFA Pro Licence is required by every person who wishes to manage a club in the Premier League on a permanent basis (i.e., more than 12 weeks, the amount of time an unqualified caretaker manager is allowed to take control).[240] Caretaker appointments are managers that fill the gap between a managerial departure and a new appointment. Several caretaker managers have gone on to secure a permanent managerial post after performing well as a caretaker, including Paul Hart at Portsmouth, David Pleat at Tottenham Hotspur and Ole Gunnar Solskjær at Manchester United.

Arsène Wenger is the longest-serving manager, having been in charge of Arsenal in the Premier League from 1996 to his departure at the conclusion of the 2017–18 season, and holds the record for most matches managed in the Premier League with 828, all with Arsenal. He broke the record set by Alex Ferguson, who had managed 810 matches with Manchester United from the Premier League's inception to his retirement at the end of the 2012–13 season. Ferguson was in charge of Manchester United from November 1986 until his retirement at the end of the 2012–13 season, meaning he was manager for the last five years of the old Football League First Division and all of the first 21 seasons of the Premier League.[241]

Notably, since its creation the Premier League has never been won by an English manager.

There have been several studies into the reasoning behind, and effects of, managerial sackings. Most famously, Professor Sue Bridgewater of the University of Liverpool and Dr. Bas ter Weel of the University of Amsterdam, performed two separate studies which helped to explain the statistics behind managerial sackings. Bridgewater's study found clubs generally sack their managers upon dropping below an average of one point per match.[242]

 
Former Arsenal manager Arsène Wenger was the longest-serving in Premier League history.
Current managers
Nat. Manager Club Appointed Time as manager
  Jürgen Klopp Liverpool 8 October 2015 7 years, 244 days
  Pep Guardiola Manchester City 1 July 2016 6 years, 343 days
  Thomas Frank Brentford 16 October 2018 4 years, 236 days
  Mikel Arteta Arsenal 20 December 2019 3 years, 171 days
  David Moyes West Ham United 29 December 2019 3 years, 162 days
  Marco Silva Fulham 1 July 2021 1 year, 343 days
  Steve Cooper Nottingham Forest 21 September 2021 1 year, 261 days
  Eddie Howe Newcastle United 8 November 2021 1 year, 213 days
  Paul Heckingbottom Sheffield United 25 November 2021 1 year, 196 days
  Erik ten Hag Manchester United 23 May 2022 1 year, 17 days
  Vincent Kompany Burnley 14 June 2022 360 days
  Gary O'Neil Bournemouth 30 August 2022 283 days
  Roberto De Zerbi Brighton & Hove Albion 18 September 2022 264 days
  Unai Emery Aston Villa 1 November 2022 220 days
  Julen Lopetegui Wolverhampton Wanderers 14 November 2022 207 days
  Rob Edwards Luton Town 17 November 2022 204 days
  Sean Dyche Everton 30 January 2023 130 days
  Roy Hodgson Crystal Palace 21 March 2023 80 days
  Mauricio Pochettino Chelsea 28 May 2023 12 days
  Ange Postecoglou Tottenham Hotspur 6 June 2023 3 days

Players

See also: Premier League records and statistics § Player records, and List of Premier League winning players

Appearances

 
Gareth Barry is the most capped player in Premier League history with 653 appearances.
See also: List of footballers with 500 or more Premier League appearances
Most appearances
Rank Player Apps
1   Gareth Barry (ENG) 653
2   Ryan Giggs (WAL) 632
3   James Milner (ENG) 619
4   Frank Lampard (ENG) 609
5   David James (ENG) 572
6   Gary Speed (WAL) 535
7   Emile Heskey (ENG) 516
8   Mark Schwarzer (AUS) 514
9   Jamie Carragher (ENG) 508
10   Phil Neville (ENG) 505
As of 28 May 2023[243]
Italicised players still playing professional football.
Bolded players still playing in Premier League.

Transfer regulations and foreign players

See also: List of foreign Premier League players and List of foreign Premier League goalscorers

Player transfers may only take place within transfer windows set by the Football Association. The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January. Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA, usually on an emergency basis.[244] As of the 2010–11 season, the Premier League introduced new rules mandating that each club must register a maximum 25-man squad of players aged over 21, with the squad list only allowed to be changed in transfer windows or in exceptional circumstances.[245][246] This was to enable the "home grown" rule to be enacted, whereby the Premier League would also from 2010 require at least eight members of the named 25-man squad to be "home-grown players".[245]

At the inception of the Premier League in 1992–93, just 11 players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches hailed from outside of the United Kingdom or Ireland.[247] By 2000–01, the number of foreign players participating in the Premier League was 36% of the total. In the 2004–05 season, the figure had increased to 45%. On 26 December 1999, Chelsea became the first Premier League side to field an entirely foreign starting line-up,[248] and on 14 February 2005, Arsenal were the first to name a completely foreign 16-man squad for a match.[249] By 2009, under 40% of the players in the Premier League were English.[250] By February 2020, 117 different nationalities had played in the Premier League, and 101 nationalities had scored in the competition.[251]

In 1999, in response to concerns that clubs were increasingly passing over young English players in favour of foreign players, the Home Office tightened its rules for granting work permits to players from countries outside of the European Union.[252] A non-EU player applying for the permit must have played for his country in at least 75 per cent of its competitive 'A' team matches for which he was available for selection during the previous two years, and his country must have averaged at least 70th place in the official FIFA world rankings over the previous two years. If a player does not meet those criteria, the club wishing to sign him may appeal.[253]

Following the implementation of Brexit in January 2021, new regulations were introduced which require all foreign players to obtain a Governing Body Endorsement (GBE) in order to play football in the United Kingdom, regardless of EU status.[254]

Top scorers

See also: List of footballers with 100 or more Premier League goals, List of top Premier League goal scorers by season, and Premier League Golden Boot
 
Alan Shearer is the top scorer in Premier League history with 260 goals.
As of 28 May 2023[255]
Rank Player Years Goals Apps Ratio
1   Alan Shearer 1992–2006 260 441 0.59
2   Harry Kane 2012– 213 320 0.67
3   Wayne Rooney 2002–2018 208 491 0.42
4   Andy Cole 1992–2008 187 414 0.45
5   Sergio Agüero 2011–2021 184 275 0.67
6   Frank Lampard 1995–2015 177 609 0.29
7   Thierry Henry 1999–2007,
2012		 175 258 0.68
8   Robbie Fowler 1993–2007,
2008		 163 379 0.43
9   Jermain Defoe 2001–2003,
2004–2014,
2015–2019		 162 496 0.33
10   Michael Owen 1996–2004,
2005–2013		 150 326 0.46

Italics denotes players still playing professional football,
Bold denotes players still playing in the Premier League.

 
Thierry Henry won a record four Premier League Golden Boot awards

The Premier League Golden Boot is awarded each season to the top scorer in the division. Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260.[256] Thirty-three players have reached the 100-goal mark.[257] Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 23 players from 11 clubs have won or shared the top scorer title.[258] Thierry Henry won his fourth overall scoring title by scoring 27 goals in the 2005–06 season. Erling Haaland holds the record for most goals in a Premier League season (38 matches) with 36 goals as of 15 May 2023.[259] Ryan Giggs of Manchester United holds the record for scoring goals in consecutive seasons, having scored in the first 21 seasons of the league.[260] Giggs also holds the record for the most Premier League assists, with 162.[261]

Wages

There is no team or individual salary cap in the Premier League. As a result of the increasingly lucrative television deals, player wages rose sharply following the formation of the Premier League, when the average player wage was £75,000 per year.[262] In the 2018–19 season the average annual salary stood at £2.99 million.

The total salary bill for the 20 Premier League clubs in the 2018–19 season was £1.62 billion; this compares to £1.05 billion in La Liga, £0.83 billion in Serie A, £0.72 billion in Bundesliga, and £0.54 billion in Ligue 1. The club with the highest average wage is Manchester United at £6.5 million. This is smaller than the club with the highest wage bill in Spain (Barcelona £10.5 million) and Italy (Juventus £6.7 million), but higher than in Germany (Bayern Munich £6.4 million) and France (Paris Saint-Germain £6.1 million). For the 2018–19 season, the ratio of the wages of the highest-paid team to lowest-paid in the Premier League is 6.82 to 1. This is much lower than in La Liga (19.1 to 1), Serie A (16 to 1), Bundesliga (20.5 to 1), and Ligue 1 (26.6 to 1). Because of the lower differential between team wage bills in the Premier League, it is often regarded as being more competitive than other top European leagues.[263]

Player transfer fees

See also: Progression of the British football transfer fee record and List of most expensive association football transfers

The record transfer fee for a Premier League player has risen steadily over the lifetime of the competition. Before the start of the first Premier League season, Alan Shearer became the first British player to command a transfer fee of more than £3 million.[264] The record has increased steadily and Enzo Fernández is now the most expensive transfer involving a Premier League club at £107 million, as well as being the highest transfer fee paid by a Premier League club.

Top transfer fees paid by Premier League clubs
Rank Player Fee (min.) Year Transfer Reference(s)
1   Enzo Fernández (ARG) £107m 2023   Benfica   Chelsea [265]
2   Jack Grealish (ENG) £100m 2021   Aston Villa   Manchester City [266]
3   Romelu Lukaku (BEL) £97.5m 2021   Inter Milan   Chelsea [267][268]
4   Paul Pogba (FRA) £89m[b] 2016   Juventus   Manchester United [269][270][271]
5   Mykhailo Mudryk (UKR) £88.5m 2023   Shakhtar Donetsk   Chelsea [272]
6   Antony (BRA) £81.3m 2022   Ajax   Manchester United [273]
7   Harry Maguire (ENG) £80m 2019   Leicester City   Manchester United [274][275]
8   Romelu Lukaku (BEL) £75m[c] 2017   Everton   Manchester United [276][277][278]
  Virgil van Dijk (NED) £75m 2018   Southampton   Liverpool [279]
10   Jadon Sancho (ENG) £73m 2021   Borussia Dortmund   Manchester United [280]
  1. ^ Branded BT Sport until 2023
  2. ^ plus another €5 million in additional bonuses
  3. ^ plus £15 million in bonuses
Top transfer fees received by Premier League clubs
Rank Player Fee (min.) Year Transfer Reference(s)
1   Philippe Coutinho (BRA) £106m[a] 2018   Liverpool   Barcelona [281]
2   Jack Grealish (ENG) £100m 2021   Aston Villa   Manchester City [117]
3   Eden Hazard (BEL) £89m 2019   Chelsea   Real Madrid [282]
4   Gareth Bale (WAL) £86m 2013   Tottenham Hotspur   Real Madrid [283][284]
5   Cristiano Ronaldo (POR) £80m 2009   Manchester United   Real Madrid [285][286]
  Harry Maguire (ENG) £80m 2019   Leicester City   Manchester United [274][275]
7   Romelu Lukaku (BEL) £75m 2017   Everton   Manchester United [276][277][278]
  Luis Suárez (URU) £75m 2014   Liverpool   Barcelona [287][288]
  Virgil van Dijk (NED) £75m 2018   Southampton   Liverpool [279]
10   Romelu Lukaku (BEL) £74m 2019   Manchester United   Inter Milan [289]
  1. ^ plus reported €40 million bonuses

Awards

Trophy

 
The Premier League trophy
 
The gold Premier League trophy awarded to Arsenal for winning the 2003–04 title without defeat

The Premier League maintains two trophies – the genuine trophy (held by the reigning champions) and a spare replica. Two trophies are held for the purpose of making the award within minutes of the title being secured, in the event that on the final day of the season two clubs are still within reach of winning the League.[290] In the rare event that more than two clubs are vying for the title on the final day of the season, a replica won by a previous club is used.[291]

The current Premier League trophy was created by Royal Jewellers Garrard & Co/Asprey of London and was designed in house at Garrard & Co by Trevor Brown and Paul Marsden. It consists of a trophy with a golden crown and a malachite plinth base. The plinth weighs 33 pounds (15 kg) and the trophy weighs 22 pounds (10.0 kg).[292] The trophy and plinth are 76 cm (30 in) tall, 43 cm (17 in) wide and 25 cm (9.8 in) deep.[293]

Its main body is solid sterling silver and silver gilt, while its plinth is made of malachite, a semi-precious stone. The plinth has a silver band around its circumference, upon which the names of the title-winning clubs are listed. The green of the malachite represents the green field of play.[293] The design of the trophy is based on the heraldry of Three Lions that is associated with English football. Two of the lions are found above the handles on either side of the trophy – the third is symbolised by the captain of the title-winning team as he raises the trophy, and its gold crown, above his head at the end of the season.[294] The ribbons that drape the handles are presented in the team colours of the league champions that year. In 2004, a special gold version of the trophy was commissioned to commemorate Arsenal winning the title without a single defeat.[295]

Player and manager awards

In addition to the winner's trophy and the individual winner's medals awarded to players who win the title, the Premier League also issues other awards throughout the season.

A man-of-the-match award is awarded to the player who has the greatest impact in an individual match.

Monthly awards are also given for the Manager of the Month, Player of the Month and Goal of the Month.[296] These are also issued annually for Manager of the Season,[297] Player of the Season.[298] and Goal of the Season. The Young Player of the Season award is given to the most outstanding U-23 player starting from the 2019–20 season.[299]

The Golden Boot award is given to the top goalscorer of every season, the Playmaker of the Season award is given to the player who makes the most assists of every season,[300] and the Golden Glove award is given to the goalkeeper with the most clean sheets at the end of the season.[301]

From the 2017–18 season, players receive a milestone award for 100 appearances and every century there after and also players who score 50 goals and multiples thereof. Each player to reach these milestones is to receive a presentation box from the Premier League containing a special medallion and a plaque commemorating their achievement.[302]

20 Seasons Awards

Further information: Premier League 20 Seasons Awards and Premier League 10 Seasons Awards

In 2012, the Premier League celebrated its second decade by holding the 20 Seasons Awards:[303]

See also

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June 10, 2023
premier, league, this, article, about, english, association, football, league, other, uses, disambiguation, legal, name, football, association, limited, highest, level, english, football, league, system, contested, clubs, operates, system, promotion, relegatio. This article is about the English association football league For other uses see Premier League disambiguation The Premier League legal name The Football Association Premier League Limited is the highest level of the English football league system Contested by 20 clubs it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the English Football League EFL Seasons typically run from August to May with each team playing 38 matches against all other teams both home and away 1 Most games are played on Saturday and Sunday afternoons with occasional weekday evening fixtures 2 Premier LeagueFounded20 February 1992 31 years ago 1992 02 20 CountryEnglandConfederationUEFANumber of teams20 since 1995 96 Level on pyramid1Relegation toEFL ChampionshipDomestic cup s FA Cup FA Community ShieldLeague cup s EFL CupInternational cup s UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League UEFA Europa Conference LeagueCurrent championsManchester City 7th title 2022 23 Most championshipsManchester United 13 titles Most appearancesGareth Barry 653 Top goalscorerAlan Shearer 260 TV partnersSky Sports BT Sport Amazon Prime Video live matches BBC Sport highlights International BroadcastersWebsitepremierleague comCurrent 2022 23 Premier LeagueThe competition was founded as the FA Premier League on 20 February 1992 following the decision of First Division top tier league from 1888 until 1992 clubs to break away from the English Football League However teams may still be relegated into and promoted from the EFL Championship The Premier League takes advantage of a lucrative television rights sale to Sky 3 from 2019 to 2020 accumulated television rights were worth around 3 1 billion a year with Sky and BT Group securing the domestic rights to broadcast 128 and 32 games respectively 4 5 The Premier League is a corporation where chief executive Richard Masters is responsible for its management with member clubs acting as shareholders 6 Clubs were apportioned central payment revenues of 2 4 billion in 2016 17 with a further 343 million in solidarity payments to EFL clubs 7 The Premier League is the most watched sports league in the world broadcast in 212 territories to 643 million homes and a potential TV audience of 4 7 billion people 8 9 For the 2018 19 season the average Premier League match attendance was at 38 181 10 second to the German Bundesliga s 43 500 11 while aggregated attendance across all matches was the highest of any association football league at 14 508 981 12 and most stadium occupancies are near capacity 13 As of 2023 the Premier League is ranked first in the UEFA coefficient rankings based on performances in European competitions over the past five seasons ahead of Spain s La Liga 14 Combined with the old First Division the English top flight has produced the second highest number of European Cup UEFA Champions League titles with a record five English clubs having won fourteen European championships in total 15 Fifty one clubs have competed since the inception of the Premier League in 1992 forty nine English and two Welsh clubs Seven of them have won the title Manchester United 13 Manchester City 7 Chelsea 5 Arsenal 3 Blackburn Rovers 1 Leicester City 1 and Liverpool 1 16 Only six clubs have avoided relegation since its inception Arsenal Chelsea Everton Liverpool Manchester United and Tottenham 17 Contents 1 History 1 1 Origins 1 2 Foundation 1990s 1 3 Top Four dominance 2000 10 1 4 Emergence of the Big Six 2010s 1 5 2020s 2 Corporate structure 2 1 Criticism of governance 3 Competition format 3 1 Competition 3 2 Promotion and relegation 3 3 Video Assistant Referee 4 Clubs 4 1 Champions 4 2 2023 24 season 4 3 Non English clubs 5 International competitions 5 1 Qualification for European competitions 5 1 1 Qualification criteria for 2022 23 5 1 2 Previous seasons 5 2 Performance in international competition 6 Sponsorship 7 Finances 7 1 Relegation 8 Media coverage 8 1 United Kingdom and Ireland 8 2 Worldwide 9 Stadiums 10 Managers 11 Players 11 1 Appearances 11 2 Transfer regulations and foreign players 11 3 Top scorers 11 4 Wages 11 5 Player transfer fees 12 Awards 12 1 Trophy 12 2 Player and manager awards 12 3 20 Seasons Awards 13 See also 14 References 15 External linksHistorySee also List of Premier League seasons Origins Despite significant European success in the 1970s and early 1980s the late 1980s marked a low point for English football Stadiums were deteriorating and supporters endured poor facilities hooliganism was rife and English clubs had been banned from European competition for five years following the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985 18 The Football League First Division the top level of English football since 1888 was behind leagues such as Italy s Serie A and Spain s La Liga in attendances and revenues and several top English players had moved abroad 19 By the turn of the 1990s the downward trend was starting to reverse At the 1990 FIFA World Cup England reached the semi finals UEFA European football s governing body lifted the five year ban on English clubs playing in European competitions in 1990 resulting in Manchester United lifting the Cup Winners Cup in 1991 The Taylor Report on stadium safety standards which proposed expensive upgrades to create all seater stadiums in the aftermath of the Hillsborough disaster was published in January 1990 20 During the 1980s major English clubs had begun to transform into business ventures applying commercial principles to club administration to maximise revenue Martin Edwards of Manchester United Irving Scholar of Tottenham Hotspur and David Dein of Arsenal were among the leaders in this transformation 21 The commercial imperative led to the top clubs seeking to increase their power and revenue the clubs in Division One threatened to break away from the Football League and in so doing they managed to increase their voting power and gain a more favourable financial arrangement taking a 50 share of all television and sponsorship income in 1986 21 They demanded that television companies should pay more for their coverage of football matches 22 and revenue from television grew in importance The Football League received 6 3 million for a two year agreement in 1986 but by 1988 in a deal agreed with ITV the price rose to 44 million over four years with the leading clubs taking 75 of the cash 23 24 According to Scholar who was involved in the negotiations of television deals each of the First Division clubs received only around 25 000 per year from television rights before 1986 this increased to around 50 000 in the 1986 negotiation then to 600 000 in 1988 25 The 1988 negotiations were conducted under the threat of ten clubs leaving to form a super league but they were eventually persuaded to stay with the top clubs taking the lion s share of the deal 23 26 27 The negotiations also convinced the bigger clubs that in order to receive enough votes they needed to take the whole of First Division with them instead of a smaller super league 28 By the beginning of the 1990s the big clubs again considered breaking away especially now that they had to fund the cost of stadium upgrade as proposed by the Taylor Report 29 In 1990 the managing director of London Weekend Television LWT Greg Dyke met with the representatives of the big five football clubs in England Manchester United Liverpool Tottenham Hotspur Everton and Arsenal over a dinner 30 The meeting was to pave the way for a breakaway from The Football League 31 Dyke believed that it would be more lucrative for LWT if only the larger clubs in the country were featured on national television and wanted to establish whether the clubs would be interested in a larger share of television rights money 32 The five clubs agreed with the suggestion and decided to press ahead with it however the league would have no credibility without the backing of The Football Association and so David Dein of Arsenal held talks to see whether the FA were receptive to the idea The FA did not have an amicable relationship with the Football League at the time and considered it as a way to weaken the Football League s position 33 The FA released a report in June 1991 Blueprint for the Future of Football that supported the plan for the Premier League with the FA as the ultimate authority that would oversee the breakaway league 28 Foundation 1990s See also Foundation of the Premier League 1990s foundations and early Manchester United dominance Season Champions Runners up1992 93 Manchester United Aston Villa1993 94 Manchester United Blackburn Rovers1994 95 Blackburn Rovers Manchester United1995 96 Manchester United Newcastle United1996 97 Manchester United Newcastle United1997 98 Arsenal Manchester United1998 99 Manchester United Arsenal1999 2000 Manchester United Arsenal Double winners Treble winnersAt the close of the 1990 1991 season a proposal was tabled for the establishment of a new league that would bring more money into the game overall The Founder Members Agreement signed on 17 July 1991 by the game s top flight clubs established the basic principles for setting up the FA Premier League 34 The newly formed top division was to have commercial independence from The Football Association and the Football League giving the FA Premier League licence to negotiate its own broadcast and sponsorship agreements The argument given at the time was that the extra income would allow English clubs to compete with teams across Europe 19 Although Dyke played a significant role in the creation of the Premier League he and ITV of which LWT was part lost out in the bidding for broadcast rights BSkyB won with a bid of 304 million over five years with the BBC awarded the highlights package broadcast on Match of the Day 30 32 The First Division clubs resigned en masse from the Football League in 1992 and on 27 May that year the FA Premier League was formed as a limited company working out of an office at the Football Association s then headquarters in Lancaster Gate 19 The 22 inaugural members of the new Premier League were 35 Arsenal Aston Villa Blackburn Rovers Chelsea Coventry City Crystal Palace Everton Ipswich Town Leeds United Liverpool Manchester City Manchester United Middlesbrough Norwich City Nottingham Forest Oldham Athletic Queens Park Rangers Sheffield United Sheffield Wednesday Southampton Tottenham Hotspur Wimbledon This meant a break up of the 104 year old Football League that had operated until then with four divisions the Premier League would operate with a single division and the Football League with three There was no change in competition format the same number of teams competed in the top flight and promotion and relegation between the Premier League and the new First Division remained the same as the old First and Second Divisions with three teams relegated from the league and three promoted 27 The league held its first season in 1992 93 It was composed of 22 clubs for that season reduced to 20 in the 1995 96 season The first Premier League goal was scored by Brian Deane of Sheffield United in a 2 1 win against Manchester United 36 Luton Town Notts County and West Ham United were the three teams relegated from the old First Division at the end of the 1991 92 season and did not take part in the inaugural Premier League season 37 Manchester United won the inaugural edition of the new league ending a twenty six year wait to be crowned champions of England Bolstered by this breakthrough United immediately became the competition s dominant team winning seven of the first nine trophies two League and FA Cup doubles and a European treble initially under a team of hardened veterans such as Bryan Robson Steve Bruce Paul Ince Mark Hughes and Eric Cantona before Cantona Bruce and Roy Keane led a young dynamic new team filled with the Class of 92 a group of young players including David Beckham who came through the Manchester United Academy As the decade closed United s first persistent Premier League rival Arsenal F C won the League and F A Cup double themselves and the Big 2 would form a duopoly for the next 5 years Top Four dominance 2000 10 Results of the Top Four during the 2000s Season ARS CHE LIV MUN2000 01 2 6 3 12001 02 1 6 2 32002 03 2 4 5 12003 04 1 2 4 32004 05 2 1 5 32005 06 4 1 3 22006 07 4 2 3 12007 08 3 2 4 12008 09 4 3 2 12009 10 3 1 7 2Top four 10 8 7 10out of 10 League champions Champions League group stage Champions League third qualifying play off round Champions League first qualifying round UEFA Cup Europa LeagueThe 2000s saw the rise of first Liverpool and then Arsenal to real competitiveness Chelsea finally breaking the duopoly by winning in 2004 05 The dominance of the so called Top Four clubs Arsenal Chelsea Liverpool and Manchester United 38 39 saw them finish at the top of the table for the bulk of the decade thereby guaranteeing qualification for the UEFA Champions League Only three other clubs managed to qualify for the competition during this period Newcastle United 2001 02 and 2002 03 Everton 2004 05 and Tottenham Hotspur 2009 10 each occupying the final Champions League spot with the exception of Newcastle in the 2002 03 season who finished third Following the 2003 04 season Arsenal acquired the nickname The Invincibles as it became the first and to date only club to complete a Premier League campaign without losing a single game 40 41 In May 2008 Kevin Keegan stated that Top Four dominance threatened the division This league is in danger of becoming one of the most boring but great leagues in the world 42 Premier League chief executive Richard Scudamore said in defence There are a lot of different tussles that go on in the Premier League depending on whether you re at the top in the middle or at the bottom that make it interesting 43 Between 2005 and 2012 there was a Premier League representative in seven of the eight Champions League finals with only Top Four clubs reaching that stage Liverpool 2005 Manchester United 2008 and Chelsea 2012 won the competition during this period with Arsenal 2006 Liverpool 2007 Chelsea 2008 and Manchester United 2009 and 2011 all losing Champions League finals 44 Leeds United were the only non Top Four side to reach the semi finals of the Champions League in the 2000 01 season There were three Premier League teams in the Champions League semi finals in 2006 07 2007 08 and 2008 09 a feat only ever achieved five times along with Serie A in 2002 03 and La Liga in 1999 2000 Additionally between the 1999 2000 and 2009 10 seasons four Premier League sides reached UEFA Cup or Europa League finals with only Liverpool managing to win the competition in 2001 Arsenal 2000 Middlesbrough 2006 and Fulham 2010 all lost their finals 45 Although the group s dominance was reduced to a degree after this period with the emergence of Manchester City and Tottenham in terms of all time Premier League points won they remain clear by some margin As of the end of the 2021 22 season the 27th season of the Premier League Liverpool in fourth place in the all time points table were over 300 points ahead of the next team Tottenham Hotspur They are also the only teams to maintain a winning average of over 50 throughout their entire Premier League tenures 46 Emergence of the Big Six 2010s Results of the Big Six during the 2010s Season ARS CHE LIV MCI MUN TOT2010 11 4 2 6 3 1 52011 12 3 6 8 1 2 42012 13 4 3 7 2 1 52013 14 4 3 2 1 7 62014 15 3 1 6 2 4 52015 16 2 10 8 4 5 32016 17 5 1 4 3 6 22017 18 6 5 4 1 2 32018 19 5 3 2 1 6 42019 20 8 4 1 2 3 6Top four 6 7 5 10 6 5Top six 9 9 7 10 9 10out of 10 League champions Champions League group stage Champions League play off round Europa LeagueThe years following 2009 marked a shift in the structure of the Top Four with Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester City both breaking into the top four places on a regular basis turning the Top Four into the Big Six 47 In the 2009 10 season Tottenham finished fourth and became the first team to break into the top four since Everton five years prior 48 Criticism of the gap between an elite group of super clubs and the majority of the Premier League has continued nevertheless due to their increasing ability to spend more than the other Premier League clubs 49 Manchester City won the title in the 2011 12 season becoming the first club outside the Big Four to win since Blackburn Rovers in the 1994 95 season That season also saw two of the Big Four Chelsea and Liverpool finish outside the top four places for the first time since that season 47 With only four UEFA Champions League qualifying places available in the league greater competition for qualification now exists albeit from a narrow base of six clubs In the five seasons following the 2011 12 campaign Manchester United and Liverpool both found themselves outside of the top four three times while Chelsea finished 10th in the 2015 16 season Arsenal finished 5th in 2016 17 ending their record run of 20 consecutive top four finishes 50 In the 2015 16 season the top four was breached by a non Big Six side for the first time since Everton in 2005 Leicester City were the surprise winners of the league qualifying for the Champions League as a result 51 Number of top 6 finishes during 2010s Club Top 6finishesManchester City 10Tottenham Hotspur 10Arsenal 9Chelsea 9Manchester United 9Liverpool 7Everton 2Leicester City 2Newcastle United 1Southampton 1Off the pitch the Big Six wield significant financial power and influence with these clubs arguing that they should be entitled to a greater share of revenue due to the greater stature of their clubs globally and the attractive football they aim to play 52 Objectors argue that the egalitarian revenue structure in the Premier League helps to maintain a competitive league which is vital for its future success 53 The 2016 17 Deloitte Football Money League report showed the financial disparity between the Big Six and the rest of the division All of the Big Six had revenues greater than 350 million with Manchester United having the largest revenue in the league at 676 3 million Leicester City was the closest club to the Big Six in terms of revenue recording a figure of 271 1 million for that season helped by participation in the Champions League The eighth largest revenue generator West Ham who did not play in European competition had revenues of 213 3 million less than half of those of the club with the fifth largest revenue Liverpool 424 2 million 54 A substantial part of the clubs revenue by then came from television broadcast deals with the biggest clubs each taking from around 150 million to nearly 200 million in the 2016 17 season from such deals 55 In Deloitte s 2019 report all the Big Six were in the top ten of the world s richest clubs 56 2020s Results of the Big Six during the 2020s Season ARS CHE LIV MCI MUN TOT2020 21 8 4 3 1 2 72021 22 5 3 2 1 6 42022 23 2 12 5 1 3 8Top four 1 2 2 3 2 1Top six 2 2 3 3 3 1out of 3 League champions Champions League group stage Europa League Europa Conference LeagueFrom the 2019 20 season video assistant referees were used in the league 57 Project Big Picture was announced in October 2020 that described a plan to reunite the top Premier League clubs with the English Football League proposed by leading Premier League clubs Manchester United and Liverpool 58 It has been criticised by the Premier League leadership and the UK government s Department of Culture Media and Sport 59 On 26 April 2021 play was stopped during a match between Leicester City and Crystal Palace to allow players Wesley Fofana and Cheikhou Kouyate to break Ramadan fast It is believed to be the first time in Premier League history that a game was paused to allow Muslim players to eat and drink after the sun had set in accordance with the rules of the faith 60 The 2022 23 season was the first to take a six week break between November and December 2022 to allow for the first winter World Cup 61 with a return for the Boxing Day fixtures 62 The Premier League players decided to take the knee only at some selected significant moments instead of the routine before matches They assured to remain resolutely committed to eradicate racial prejudice 63 That season was notable for Newcastle United and Brighton amp Hove Albion breaking the traditional big six as they finished fourth and sixth respectively while Tottenham and Chelsea were eighth and twelfth respectively 64 65 Meanwhile 2015 16 champions Leicester City were relegated becoming the second league winning club to suffer relegation since 1992 66 Number of top 6 finishes during 2020s Club Top 6finishesLiverpool 3Manchester City 3Manchester United 3Arsenal 2Chelsea 2Brighton amp Hove Albion 1Leicester City 1Newcastle United 1West Ham United 1Tottenham Hotspur 1Corporate structureThe Football Association Premier League Ltd FAPL 67 68 69 is operated as a corporation and is owned by the 20 member clubs Each club is a shareholder with one vote each on issues such as rule changes and contracts The clubs elect a chairman chief executive and board of directors to oversee the daily operations of the league 70 The Football Association is not directly involved in the day to day operations of the Premier League but has veto power as a special shareholder during the election of the chairman and chief executive and when new rules are adopted by the league 71 The current chief executive is Richard Masters who was appointed in December 2019 72 The chair is due to be Alison Brittain who will take over the role in early 2023 73 The Premier League sends representatives to UEFA s European Club Association the number of clubs and the clubs themselves chosen according to UEFA coefficients For the 2012 13 season the Premier League has 10 representatives in the Association Arsenal Aston Villa Chelsea Everton Fulham Liverpool Manchester City Manchester United Newcastle United and Tottenham Hotspur 74 The European Club Association is responsible for electing three members to UEFA s Club Competitions Committee which is involved in the operations of UEFA competitions such as the Champions League and UEFA Europa League 75 Office holdersOffice No Name TenureChief Executive 1 Rick Parry 1991 19972 Richard Scudamore 1999 20183 Richard Masters 2019 Chair 1 Sir John Quinton 1991 19992 Dave Richards 1999 20133 Anthony Fry 2013 20144 Richard Scudamore 2014 20185 Gary Hoffman 2020 20226 Alison Brittain 2023 Criticism of governance The Premier League has faced criticism of its governance due to an alleged lack of transparency and accountability Following the Premier League s blocking of the attempted takeover of Newcastle United by a PIF backed consortium through the league s Owners and Directors test many MPs Newcastle United fans and related parties to the deal denounced the Premier League for its perceived lack of transparency and accountability throughout the process 76 77 78 On 6 July 2021 consortium member Amanda Staveley of PCP Capital Partners said that fans surely deserve absolute transparency from the regulators across all their processes to best ensure that they act responsibly They the Premier League are performing a function like that of a government regulator but without the same systems for accountability 78 On 22 July 2021 Tracey Crouch MP chair of the fan led review into the UK s football governance announced in the review s interim findings that the Premier League had lost the trust and confidence of fans The review also recommended that a new independent regulator be created to oversee matters such as club takeovers 79 80 Premier League chief executive Richard Masters had earlier spoken out against the implementation of an independent regulator saying in May 2021 I don t think that the independent regulator is the answer to the question I would defend the Premier League s role as regulator of its clubs over the past 30 years 81 Competition format The Premier League is very tough and is different If you compare this league to another league it s like playing another sport Antonio Conte on the competitiveness of the Premier League 82 In The Premier League you never really know what is going to happen there is very little between the teams Luis Suarez 83 Competition There are 20 clubs in the Premier League During the course of a season from August to May each club plays the others twice a double round robin system once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents for 38 games Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw No points are awarded for a loss Teams are ranked by total points then goal difference and then goals scored If still equal teams are deemed to occupy the same position If there is a tie for the championship for relegation or for qualification to other competitions the head to head record between the tied teams is taken into consideration points scored in the matches between the teams followed by away goals in those matches If two teams are still tied a play off match at a neutral venue decides rank 84 Promotion and relegation A system of promotion and relegation exists between the Premier League and the EFL Championship The three lowest placed teams in the Premier League are relegated to the Championship and the top two teams from the Championship promoted to the Premier League 85 with an additional team promoted after a series of play offs involving the third fourth fifth and sixth placed clubs 86 The number of clubs was reduced from 22 to 20 in 1995 when four teams were relegated from the league and only two teams promoted 87 88 The top flight had only been expanded to 22 teams at the start of the 1991 92 season the year prior to the formation of the Premier League 88 On 8 June 2006 FIFA requested that all major European leagues including Italy s Serie A and Spain s La Liga be reduced to 18 teams by the start of the 2007 08 season The Premier League responded by announcing their intention to resist such a reduction 89 Ultimately the 2007 08 season kicked off again with 20 teams 90 Video Assistant Referee Video assistant referee VAR was introduced to the Premier League at the beginning of the 2019 20 season It uses technology and officials to assist the referee in making decisions on the pitch 91 However its use has been met with mixed receptions from fans and pundits with some praising its accuracy while others criticise its impact on the flow of the game and consistency of decision making The on field referee still makes the final decision but VAR can assist the referee in the decision making process VAR can only be used for four types of decisions goals penalty decisions direct red card incidents and cases of mistaken identity VAR officials review the video footage and communicate with the on field referee via a headset The VAR officials are located in a central control room which is equipped with multiple camera angles and the ability to replay footage at various speeds A study evaluating fan reception of VAR in the Premier League was made by Otto Kolbinger and Melanie Knopp and was done by analysing Twitter data 92 The researchers used sentiment analysis to measure the overall positive or negative attitudes towards VAR as well as topic modelling to identify specific issues that fans are discussing related to VAR The study found that the reception of VAR on Twitter is largely negative with fans expressing frustration and criticism of the technology s impact on the flow of the game and the inconsistency of decisions The researchers also identified specific issues such as handball and offside decisions that fans are particularly critical of The study concludes that VAR has not been well received by fans in the Premier League and that efforts to improve the technology and increase transparency in decision making are needed to address these concerns ClubsMain article List of Premier League clubs See also Performance record of clubs in the Premier League and All time Premier League table Fifty clubs have played in the Premier League from its inception in 1992 up to and including the 2022 23 season 93 Champions See also List of English football champions Club Winners Runners up Winning seasonsManchester United 13 7 1992 93 1993 94 1995 96 1996 97 1998 99 1999 2000 2000 01 2002 03 2006 07 2007 08 2008 09 2010 11 2012 13Manchester City 7 3 2011 12 2013 14 2017 18 2018 19 2020 21 2021 22 2022 23Chelsea 5 4 2004 05 2005 06 2009 10 2014 15 2016 17Arsenal 3 7 1997 98 2001 02 2003 04Liverpool 1 5 2019 20Blackburn Rovers 1 1 1994 95Leicester City 1 0 2015 16One time champions Blackburn Rovers and Leicester City are currently out of the Premier League 2023 24 season Twenty clubs will compete in the Premier League top seventeen from the previous season and three promoted from the Championship 2023 24Club 2022 23Position First season intop division First season inPremier League Seasonsin topdivision Seasonsin PremierLeague First season ofcurrent spell intop division No of seasonsof current spellin Premier League Topdivisiontitles Mostrecent topdivision titleArsenal a b 2nd 1904 05 1992 93 107 32 1919 20 c 105 seasons 32 13 2003 04Aston Villa a d 7th 1888 89 1992 93 110 29 2019 20 5 seasons 5 7 1980 81Bournemouth 15th 2015 16 2015 16 7 7 2022 23 7 seasons 2 0 Brentford b 9th 1935 36 2021 22 8 3 2021 22 3 seasons 3 0 Brighton amp Hove Albion b 6th 1979 80 2017 18 11 7 2017 18 7 seasons 7 0 Burnley d 1st CS 1888 89 2009 10 60 8 2023 24 1 season 1 2 1959 60Chelsea a b 12th 1907 08 1992 93 89 32 1989 90 35 seasons 32 7 2016 17Crystal Palace a 11th 1969 70 1992 93 24 15 2013 14 11 seasons 11 0 Everton a b d 17th 1888 89 1992 93 121 32 1954 55 70 seasons 32 9 1986 87Fulham 10th 1949 50 2001 02 29 17 2022 23 2 seasons 2 0 Liverpool a b 5th 1894 95 1992 93 109 32 1962 63 62 seasons 32 19 2019 20Luton Town b 3rd CS 1955 56 2023 24 17 1 2023 24 1 season 1 0 Manchester City a 1st 1899 1900 1992 93 95 27 2002 03 22 seasons 22 9 2022 23Manchester United a b 3rd 1892 93 1992 93 99 32 1975 76 49 seasons 32 20 2012 13Newcastle United 4th 1898 99 1993 94 92 29 2017 18 7 seasons 7 4 1926 27Nottingham Forest a 16th 1892 93 1992 93 58 7 2022 23 2 seasons 2 1 1977 78Sheffield United a 2nd CS 1893 94 1992 93 63 6 2023 24 1 season 1 1 1897 98Tottenham Hotspur a b 8th 1909 10 1992 93 89 32 1978 79 46 seasons 32 2 1960 61West Ham United 14th 1923 24 1993 94 66 28 2012 13 12 seasons 12 0 Wolverhampton Wanderers d 13th 1888 89 2003 04 69 10 2018 19 6 seasons 6 3 1958 59 Leicester City Leeds United and Southampton were relegated to the EFL Championship for the 2023 24 season while Burnley Sheffield United and Luton Town as winners runners up and play off final winners respectively were promoted from the 2022 23 season Only three clubs have remained in the Premier League since their first promotion Brentford Brighton amp Hove Albion and Luton Town who have been in 3 7 and 1 season s out of 32 respectively a b c d e f g h i j k Founding member of the Premier League a b c d e f g h i Never been relegated from the Premier League Longest continuous run in the English top flight 94 a b c d One of the original twelve Football League teams This section is transcluded from Template Premier League labelled map edit history London Aston Villa Bournemouth Brighton amp Hove Albion Burnley Everton Liverpool Luton Town Manchester City Manchester United Newcastle United Nottingham Forest Sheffield United Wolverhampton Wanderers London teams ArsenalBrentfordChelseaCrystal PalaceFulhamTottenham Hotspur West Ham Unitedclass notpageimage Location of clubs in England for the 2023 24 Premier League season Arsenal Brentford Chelsea Crystal Palace Fulham Tottenham Hotspur West Ham Unitedclass notpageimage Location of clubs around Greater London for the 2023 24 Premier League season Non English clubs See also List of association football clubs playing in the league of another country In 2011 after Swansea City gained promotion a Welsh club participated in the Premier League for the first time 95 96 The first Premier League match to be played outside England was Swansea City s home match at the Liberty Stadium against Wigan Athletic on 20 August 2011 97 The number of Welsh clubs in the Premier League increased to two in 2013 14 as Cardiff City gained promotion 98 but they were relegated after their maiden season 99 Cardiff were promoted again in 2017 18 but the number of Welsh clubs remained the same for the 2018 19 Premier League season as Swansea City had been relegated from the Premier League in 2017 18 100 Following Cardiff City s relegation after the 2018 19 season there are currently no Welsh clubs participating in the Premier League 101 Because they are members of the Football Association of Wales FAW the question of whether clubs like Swansea should represent England or Wales in European competitions has caused long running discussions in UEFA Swansea took one of England s three available places in the Europa League in 2013 14 by winning the League Cup in 2012 13 102 The right of Welsh clubs to take up such English places was in doubt until UEFA clarified the matter in March 2012 allowing them to participate 103 Participation in the Premier League by some Scottish or Irish clubs has sometimes been discussed but without result The idea came closest to reality in 1998 when Wimbledon received Premier League approval to relocate to Dublin Ireland but the move was blocked by the Football Association of Ireland 104 105 106 107 Additionally the media occasionally discusses the idea that Scotland s two biggest teams Celtic and Rangers should or will take part in the Premier League but nothing has come of these discussions 108 International competitionsQualification for European competitions See also UEFA coefficient Men s association coefficient Qualification criteria for 2022 23 See also 2023 24 UEFA Champions League Association team allocation The top four teams in the Premier League qualify automatically for the subsequent season s UEFA Champions League group stage The winners of the Champions League and UEFA Europa League may earn an additional qualification for the subsequent season s Champions League group stage if did not finish in the top four If this means six Premier League teams qualify then the fourth placed team in the Premier League is instead entered in the Europa League as any single nation is limited to a maximum of five teams in the Champions League The fifth placed team in the Premier League as well as the winners of the FA Cup qualify for the subsequent season s Europa League group stage but if the winner of the FA Cup also finished in the top five places in the Premier League or has won one of UEFA s major tournaments then this place reverts to the team that finished sixth The winner of the EFL Cup qualifies for the subsequent season s UEFA Europa Conference League but if the winner had already qualified for a UEFA competition via their performance in another competition then this place reverts to the team that finished sixth in the Premier League or seventh if the FA Cup result had already caused the sixth placed team to qualify 109 The number of places allocated to English clubs in UEFA competitions is dependent upon the position the country holds in the UEFA coefficient rankings which are calculated based on the performance of teams in UEFA competitions over the previous five years Currently England is ranked first ahead of Spain As of 18 May 2023 the coefficients for are as follows only top five European leagues are shown 110 111 Ranking Member association L League C Cup LC League Cup Coefficient Teams a Places in 2024 25 season2023 2022 Mvmt 2018 19 2019 20 2020 21 2021 22 2022 23 Total UCL UEL UECL Total1 1 England L C LC b 22 642 18 571 24 357 21 000 22 428 108 998 2 7 4 2 1 72 2 Spain L C 19 571 18 928 19 500 18 428 16 428 92 855 1 73 4 1 Germany L C 15 214 18 714 15 214 16 214 17 125 82 481 0 84 3 1 Italy L C 12 642 14 928 16 285 15 714 22 214 81 783 3 75 5 France L C 10 583 11 666 7 916 18 416 12 583 61 164 0 6 Number of teams still active from association in UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League or UEFA Europa Conference League The winner of the league cup of England is given a place in the UEFA Europa Conference League by special permission from UEFA replacing the lowest ranked league team which would have qualified Previous seasons An exception to the usual European qualification system happened in 2005 after Liverpool won the Champions League the season before but did not finish in a Champions League qualification place in the Premier League UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League giving England five qualifiers 112 The governing body subsequently ruled that the defending champions qualify for the competition the following year regardless of their domestic league placing However for those leagues with four entrants in the Champions League this meant that if the Champions League winners finished outside the top four in its domestic league it would qualify at the expense of the fourth placed team At that time no association could have more than four entrants in the Champions League 113 This occurred in 2012 when Chelsea who had won the Champions League that summer but finished sixth in the league qualified for the 2012 13 Champions League in place of Tottenham Hotspur who went into the Europa League 114 From 2015 16 the Europa League winners qualify for the Champions League increasing the maximum number of participants per country to five 115 This took effect in England in 2016 17 when Manchester United finished sixth in the Premier League and won the Europa League giving England five Champions League entrants for 2017 18 116 In these instances any Europa League berth vacated is not handed down to the next best Premier League finisher outside of a qualifying place If both Champions League and Europa League winners are of the same association and both finish outside the top four then the fourth placed team is transferred to the Europa League Performance in international competition Main article English football clubs in international competitions With 46 continental trophies won English clubs are the third most successful in European football behind Italy 49 and Spain 65 In the top tier UEFA Champions League a record five English clubs have won a total of 14 titles and lost a further 11 finals behind Spanish clubs with 19 and 11 respectively 117 In the second tier UEFA Europa League English clubs are also second with nine victories and eight losses in the finals 118 In the former second tier UEFA Cup Winners Cup English teams won a record eight tiles and had a further five finalists 119 In the non UEFA organized Inter Cities Fairs Cup English clubs provided four winners and four runners up the second most behind Spain with six and three respectively 120 In the newly created third tier UEFA Europa Conference League English clubs have won a joint record one title so far 121 In the former fourth tier UEFA Intertoto Cup England won four titles and had a further final appearance placing it fifth in the rankings although English clubs were notorious for treating the tournament with disdain either sending B squads or withdrawing from it altogether 122 123 124 In the one off UEFA Super Cup England has nine winners and ten runners up the second most behind Spain with 16 and 14 respectively 125 Similarly to the Intertoto Cup English teams did not take the former Intercontinental Cup seriously enough despite its international status of the Club World Championship They a made a total of six appearances in the one off competition winning only one of them and withdrew a further three times 126 English club have won the FIFA organized Club World Cup three times the third most behind Spain and Brazil with eight and four respectively 127 124 SponsorshipSee also English football sponsorship The league changed its name from the FA Premier League to simply the Premier League in 2007 128 From 1993 to 2016 the Premier League had title sponsorship rights sold to two companies which were Carling brewery and Barclays Bank PLC Barclays was the most recent title sponsor having sponsored the Premier League from 2001 until 2016 until 2004 the title sponsorship was held through its Barclaycard brand before shifting to its main banking brand in 2004 129 Period Sponsor Brand1992 1993 No sponsor FA Premier League1993 2001 Carling FA Carling Premiership 19 2001 2004 Barclaycard FA Barclaycard Premiership 19 2004 2007 Barclays FA Barclays Premiership2007 2016 Barclays Premier League 19 130 2016 present No sponsor Premier LeagueBarclays deal with the Premier League expired at the end of the 2015 16 season The FA announced on 4 June 2015 that it would not pursue any further title sponsorship deals for the Premier League arguing that they wanted to build a clean brand for the competition more in line with those of major U S sports leagues 131 Nike Maxim ball used in the Premier League in 2012 As well as sponsorship for the league itself the Premier League has a number of official partners and suppliers 132 The official ball supplier for the league is Nike who have had the contract since the 2000 01 season when they took over from Mitre 133 Under its Merlin brand Topps held the licence to produce collectables for the Premier League between 1994 and 2019 including stickers for their sticker album and trading cards 134 Launched in the 2007 08 season Topps Match Attax the official Premier League trading card game is the best selling boys collectable in the UK and is also the biggest selling sports trading card game in the world 134 135 In October 2018 Panini were awarded the licence to produce collectables from the 2019 20 season 136 The chocolate company Cadbury has been the official snack partner of the Premier League since 2017 and sponsored the Golden Boot Golden Glove and Playmaker of the Season awards from the 2017 18 season to 2019 20 season 137 138 The Coca Cola Company under its Coca Cola Zero Sugar product line sponsored these awards during the 2020 21 season with Castrol being the current sponsor as of the 2021 22 season 139 FinancesSee also List of Premier League football club owners The Premier League has the highest revenue of any association football league in the world with total club revenues of 2 48 billion in 2009 10 140 141 In 2013 14 due to improved television revenues and cost controls the Premier League clubs collectively made a net profit in excess of 78 million exceeding all other football leagues 142 In 2010 the Premier League was awarded the Queen s Award for Enterprise in the International Trade category for its outstanding contribution to international trade and the value it brings to English football and the United Kingdom s broadcasting industry 143 The Premier League includes some of the richest football clubs in the world Deloitte s Football Money League listed seven Premier League clubs in the top 20 for the 2009 10 season 144 and all 20 clubs were in the top 40 globally by the end of the 2013 14 season largely as a result of increased broadcasting revenue 145 In 2019 the league generated around 3 1 billion per year in domestic and international television rights 4 Premier League clubs agreed in principle in December 2012 to radical new cost controls The two proposals consist of a break even rule and a cap on the amount clubs can increase their wage bill by each season With the new television deals on the horizon momentum has been growing to find ways of preventing the majority of the cash going straight to players and agents 146 Central payments for the 2016 17 season amounted to 2 398 515 773 across the 20 clubs with each team receiving a flat participation fee of 35 301 989 and additional payments for TV broadcasts 1 016 690 for general UK rights to match highlights 1 136 083 for each live UK broadcast of their games and 39 090 596 for all overseas rights commercial rights a flat fee of 4 759 404 and a notional measure of merit which was based upon final league position 7 The merit component was a nominal sum of 1 941 609 multiplied by each finishing place counted from the foot of the table e g Burnley finished 16th in May 2017 five places counting upwards and received 5 1 941 609 9 708 045 merit payment 7 Relegation See also Premier League Football League gulf and Premier League Parachute and Solidarity Payments Since its split with the Football League established clubs in the Premier League have a funding disparity from counterparts in lower leagues Revenue from television rights between the leagues has played a part in this 147 Promoted teams have found it difficult to avoid relegation in their first Premier League season One Premier League newcomer has been relegated back to the Football League every season save the 2001 02 2011 12 2017 18 amp 2022 23 seasons In the 1997 98 season all three promoted clubs were relegated by the season s end 148 The Premier League distributes a portion of its television revenue as parachute payments to relegated clubs for adjustment to television revenue loss The average Premier League team receives 41 million 149 while the average Championship club receives 2 million 150 Starting with the 2013 14 season these payments are in excess of 60 million over four seasons 151 Critics maintain that the payments widen the gap between teams that have reached the Premier League and those that have not 152 leading to the common occurrence of teams bouncing back soon after their relegation Clubs which have failed to win immediate promotion back to the Premier League have seen financial problems in some cases administration or liquidation Further relegations down the footballing ladder have occurred for multiple clubs unable to cope with the gap 153 154 Media coverageSee also English football on television List of Premier League broadcasters and Broadcasting and the foundation of the Premier League United Kingdom and Ireland Matches broadcast in the United Kingdom and Ireland Seasons Sky Others Total1992 2001 60 602001 2004 110 1102004 2007 138 1382007 2009 92 Setanta 46 1382009 2010 92 ESPN 46 1382010 2013 115 ESPN 23 1382013 2016 116 TNT a 38 1542016 2019 126 42 1682019 2025 128 52 Amazon 20 200 Eden Hazard in possession of the ball during a 2012 match between Chelsea and Norwich City Television has played a major role in the history of the Premier League The League s decision to assign broadcasting rights to Sky in 1992 was at the time a radical decision but one that has paid off At the time paid television was an almost untested proposition in the UK market as was charging fans to watch live televised football However a combination of Sky s strategy the quality of Premier League football and the public s appetite for the game has seen the value of the Premier League s TV rights soar 24 The Premier League sells its television rights on a collective basis This is in contrast to some other European leagues including La Liga in which each club sells its rights individually leading to a much higher share of the total income going to the top few clubs 155 The money is divided into three parts 156 half is divided equally between the clubs one quarter is awarded on a merit basis based on final league position the top club getting twenty times as much as the bottom club and equal steps all the way down the table the final quarter is paid out as facilities fees for games that are shown on television with the top clubs generally receiving the largest shares of this The income from overseas rights is divided equally between the twenty clubs 157 Not all Premier League matches are televised in the United Kingdom as the league upholds the long standing prohibition on telecasts of any association football match domestic or otherwise that kicks off between 2 45 p m and 5 15 p m on Saturday matchdays 158 159 160 The first Sky television rights agreement was worth 304 million over five seasons 161 The next contract negotiated to start from the 1997 98 season rose to 670 million over four seasons 161 The third contract was a 1 024 billion deal with BSkyB for the three seasons from 2001 to 2004 The league brought in 320 million from the sale of its international rights for the three year period from 2004 to 2007 It sold the rights itself on a territory by territory basis 162 Sky s monopoly was broken from August 2006 when Setanta Sports was awarded rights to show two out of the six packages of matches available This occurred following an insistence by the European Commission that exclusive rights should not be sold to one television company Sky and Setanta paid 1 7 billion a two thirds increase which took many commentators by surprise as it had been widely assumed that the value of the rights had levelled off following many years of rapid growth Setanta also hold rights to a live 3 pm match solely for Irish viewers The BBC retained the rights to show highlights for the same three seasons on Match of the Day for 171 6 million a 63 per cent increase on the 105 million it paid for the previous three year period 163 Sky and BT agreed to jointly pay 84 3 million for delayed television rights to 242 games that is the right to broadcast them in full on television and over the internet in most cases for a period of 50 hours after 10 p m on matchday 164 Overseas television rights fetched 625 million nearly double the previous contract 165 The total raised from those deals was more than 2 7 billion giving Premier League clubs an average media income from league games of around 40 million a year from 2007 to 2010 166 Cristiano Ronaldo preparing to take a free kick in a 2009 match between Manchester United and Liverpool The TV rights agreement between the Premier League and Sky faced accusations of being a cartel and a number of court cases arose as a result 167 An investigation by the Office of Fair Trading in 2002 found BSkyB to be dominant within the pay TV sports market but concluded that there were insufficient grounds for the claim that BSkyB had abused its dominant position 168 In July 1999 the Premier League s method of selling rights collectively for all member clubs was investigated by the UK Restrictive Practices Court which concluded that the agreement was not contrary to the public interest 169 The BBC s highlights package on Saturday and Sunday nights as well as other evenings when fixtures justify ran until 2016 170 Television rights alone for the period 2010 to 2013 were purchased for 1 782 billion 171 On 22 June 2009 due to troubles encountered by Setanta Sports after it failed to meet a final deadline over a 30 million payment to the Premier League ESPN was awarded two packages of UK rights containing 46 matches that were available for the 2009 10 season as well as a package of 23 matches per season from 2010 to 2013 172 On 13 June 2012 the Premier League announced that BT had been awarded 38 games a season for the 2013 14 2014 15 and 2015 16 seasons at 246 million a year The remaining 116 games were retained by Sky which paid 760 million a year The total domestic rights raised 3 018 billion an increase of 70 2 over the 2010 11 to 2012 13 rights 173 The value of the licensing deal rose by another 70 2 in 2015 when Sky and BT paid 5 136 billion to renew their contracts with the Premier League for another three years up to the 2018 19 season 174 A new rights cycle began in the 2019 20 season with the domestic package increasing to 200 matches overall in February 2018 BT were awarded the package of 32 lunchtime fixtures on Saturdays while Sky was awarded four of the seven packages covering the majority of weekend fixtures including eight new prime time fixtures on Saturdays as well as Monday and Friday matches Two remaining packages of 20 fixtures each were to be sold at a later date including three rounds of mid week fixtures and a bank holiday round As Sky already owned the maximum number of matches it could hold without breaching a 148 match cap it was speculated that at least one of the new packages could go to a new entrant such as a streaming service The five packages sold to BT and Sky were valued at 4 464 billion 175 In June 2018 it was announced that Amazon Prime Video and BT had acquired the remaining two packages Amazon acquired rights to 20 matches per season covering a mid week round in December and all Boxing Day fixtures 176 The Amazon telecasts are produced in association with Sunset Vine and BT Sport 177 With the resumption of play in the 2019 20 Premier League due to the COVID 19 pandemic in the United Kingdom the Premier League announced that all remaining matches would be carried on British television split primarily across Sky BT and Amazon A large number of these matches were also scheduled for free to air broadcasts with Sky airing 25 on Pick Amazon streaming its four matches on Twitch and the BBC for the first time in league history carrying four live matches 178 179 180 181 As matches would continue to be played without spectators upon the start of the 2020 21 Premier League its clubs voted on 8 September to continue broadcasting all matches through at least September with the BBC and Amazon each holding one additional match and appropriate arrangements being made for October 182 183 It was later announced that matches not selected for broadcast would be carried on pay per view via BT Sport Box Office and Sky Box Office at a cost of 14 95 per match The PPV scheme was poorly received the Football Supporters Federation felt that the price was too high and there were concerns that it could encourage piracy There were calls from supporters to boycott the pay per views and make donations to support charitable causes instead with Newcastle s Charity Not PPV campaign raising 20 000 for a local food bank and Arsenal fans raising 34 000 for Islington Giving On 13 November amid the reintroduction of measures across the UK the Premier League officially announced that the non televised matches would be assigned to its main broadcast partners and again including additional matches for the BBC and Amazon Prime 184 185 186 187 The next cycle of rights between 2022 23 and 2024 25 season was renewed without tender due to compelling and exceptional circumstances in light of the COVID 19 pandemic Therefore rights remained as they were since the 2019 20 season 188 BT Sport was also renamed TNT Sports ahead of the 2023 24 season 189 UK highlights Highlights programme Duration ChannelMatch of the Day 1992 20012004 present BBCThe Premiership 2001 2004 ITVIn August 2016 it was announced the BBC would be creating a new magazine style show for the Premier League entitled The Premier League Show 190 Worldwide The Premier League is the most watched football league in the world broadcast in 212 territories to 643 million homes and a potential TV audience of 4 7 billion people 8 The Premier League s production arm Premier League Productions is operated by IMG Productions and produces content for its international television partners 191 The Premier League is the most widely distributed sports programme in Asia 192 In Australia Optus telecommunications holds exclusive rights to the Premier League providing live broadcasts and online access Fox Sports formerly held rights 193 In Indian Subcontinent the matches are broadcast live on STAR Sports 194 In MENA region BeIN Sports holds exclusive rights to the Premier League 195 In China the broadcast rights were awarded to iQiyi Migu and CCTV that began in the 2021 22 season 196 197 198 As of the 2022 23 season Canadian media rights to the Premier League are owned by FuboTV 199 after having been jointly owned by Sportsnet and TSN and most recently DAZN 200 The Premier League is broadcast in the United States by NBC Sports a division of Sky parent Comcast 201 Acquiring the rights to the Premier League in 2013 replacing Fox Soccer and ESPN NBC Sports has been widely praised for its coverage 202 203 204 NBC Sports reached a six year extension with the Premier League in 2015 to broadcast the league until the end of the 2021 22 season in a deal valued at 1 billion 640 million 205 206 In November 2021 NBC reached another six year extension through 2028 in a deal valued at 2 76 billion 2 billion 207 208 The Premier League is broadcast by SuperSport across sub Saharan Africa 209 Broadcasters to continental Europe until 2025 include Canal for France 210 Sky Sport Germany for Germany and Austria 211 Match TV for Russia 212 Sky Sport Italy for Italy 213 Eleven Sports for Portugal 214 DAZN for Spain 215 beIN Sports Turkey to Turkey 216 Digi Sport for Romania 217 SCTV for Indonesia Astro for Malaysia and NENT to Nordic countries Sweden Denmark and Norway 218 Poland and the Netherlands 219 In South America ESPN covers much of the continent 220 with coverage in Brazil shared between ESPN Brasil and Fox Sports later rebranded as ESPN4 221 222 Paramount broadcasts the league in Central America 223 StadiumsMain article List of Premier League stadiums As of the 2017 18 season Premier League football has been played in 58 stadiums since the formation of the division 224 The Hillsborough disaster in 1989 and the subsequent Taylor Report saw a recommendation that standing terraces should be abolished As a result all stadiums in the Premier League are all seater 225 226 Since the formation of the Premier League football grounds in England have seen constant improvements to capacity and facilities with some clubs moving to new build stadiums 227 Nine stadiums that have seen Premier League football have now been demolished The stadiums for the 2017 18 season show a large disparity in capacity For example Wembley Stadium the temporary home of Tottenham Hotspur has a capacity of 90 000 while Dean Court the home of AFC Bournemouth has a capacity of 11 360 228 229 The combined total capacity of the Premier League in the 2017 18 season is 806 033 with an average capacity of 40 302 228 Stadium attendances are a significant source of regular income for Premier League clubs 230 For the 2016 17 season average attendances across the league clubs were 35 838 for Premier League matches with an aggregate attendance of 13 618 596 231 This represents an increase of 14 712 from the average attendance of 21 126 recorded in the Premier League s first season 1992 93 232 However during the 1992 93 season the capacities of most stadiums were reduced as clubs replaced terraces with seats in order to meet the Taylor Report s 1994 95 deadline for all seater stadiums 233 234 The Premier League s record average attendance of 36 144 was set during the 2007 08 season 235 This record was then beaten in the 2013 14 season recording an average attendance of 36 695 with an attendance of just under 14 million the highest average in England s top flight since 1950 236 ManagersI have never known this level before Of course there are managers in Germany Italy and Spain but in the Premier League these are the best managers the elite managers The quality the preparation The level is so high Pep Guardiola on the quality of managers of Premier League teams 237 See also List of Premier League managers Managers in the Premier League are involved in the day to day running of the team including the training team selection and player acquisition Their influence varies from club to club and is related to the ownership of the club and the relationship of the manager with fans 238 Managers are required to have a UEFA Pro Licence which is the final coaching qualification available and follows the completion of the UEFA B and A Licences 239 The UEFA Pro Licence is required by every person who wishes to manage a club in the Premier League on a permanent basis i e more than 12 weeks the amount of time an unqualified caretaker manager is allowed to take control 240 Caretaker appointments are managers that fill the gap between a managerial departure and a new appointment Several caretaker managers have gone on to secure a permanent managerial post after performing well as a caretaker including Paul Hart at Portsmouth David Pleat at Tottenham Hotspur and Ole Gunnar Solskjaer at Manchester United Arsene Wenger is the longest serving manager having been in charge of Arsenal in the Premier League from 1996 to his departure at the conclusion of the 2017 18 season and holds the record for most matches managed in the Premier League with 828 all with Arsenal He broke the record set by Alex Ferguson who had managed 810 matches with Manchester United from the Premier League s inception to his retirement at the end of the 2012 13 season Ferguson was in charge of Manchester United from November 1986 until his retirement at the end of the 2012 13 season meaning he was manager for the last five years of the old Football League First Division and all of the first 21 seasons of the Premier League 241 Notably since its creation the Premier League has never been won by an English manager There have been several studies into the reasoning behind and effects of managerial sackings Most famously Professor Sue Bridgewater of the University of Liverpool and Dr Bas ter Weel of the University of Amsterdam performed two separate studies which helped to explain the statistics behind managerial sackings Bridgewater s study found clubs generally sack their managers upon dropping below an average of one point per match 242 Former Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger was the longest serving in Premier League history Current managers Nat Manager Club Appointed Time as manager Jurgen Klopp Liverpool 8 October 2015 7 years 244 days Pep Guardiola Manchester City 1 July 2016 6 years 343 days Thomas Frank Brentford 16 October 2018 4 years 236 days Mikel Arteta Arsenal 20 December 2019 3 years 171 days David Moyes West Ham United 29 December 2019 3 years 162 days Marco Silva Fulham 1 July 2021 1 year 343 days Steve Cooper Nottingham Forest 21 September 2021 1 year 261 days Eddie Howe Newcastle United 8 November 2021 1 year 213 days Paul Heckingbottom Sheffield United 25 November 2021 1 year 196 days Erik ten Hag Manchester United 23 May 2022 1 year 17 days Vincent Kompany Burnley 14 June 2022 360 days Gary O Neil Bournemouth 30 August 2022 283 days Roberto De Zerbi Brighton amp Hove Albion 18 September 2022 264 days Unai Emery Aston Villa 1 November 2022 220 days Julen Lopetegui Wolverhampton Wanderers 14 November 2022 207 days Rob Edwards Luton Town 17 November 2022 204 days Sean Dyche Everton 30 January 2023 130 days Roy Hodgson Crystal Palace 21 March 2023 80 days Mauricio Pochettino Chelsea 28 May 2023 12 days Ange Postecoglou Tottenham Hotspur 6 June 2023 3 daysPlayersSee also Premier League records and statistics Player records and List of Premier League winning players Appearances Gareth Barry is the most capped player in Premier League history with 653 appearances See also List of footballers with 500 or more Premier League appearances Most appearances Rank Player Apps1 Gareth Barry ENG 6532 Ryan Giggs WAL 6323 James Milner ENG 6194 Frank Lampard ENG 6095 David James ENG 5726 Gary Speed WAL 5357 Emile Heskey ENG 5168 Mark Schwarzer AUS 5149 Jamie Carragher ENG 50810 Phil Neville ENG 505As of 28 May 2023 243 Italicised players still playing professional football Bolded players still playing in Premier League Transfer regulations and foreign players See also List of foreign Premier League players and List of foreign Premier League goalscorers Player transfers may only take place within transfer windows set by the Football Association The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA usually on an emergency basis 244 As of the 2010 11 season the Premier League introduced new rules mandating that each club must register a maximum 25 man squad of players aged over 21 with the squad list only allowed to be changed in transfer windows or in exceptional circumstances 245 246 This was to enable the home grown rule to be enacted whereby the Premier League would also from 2010 require at least eight members of the named 25 man squad to be home grown players 245 At the inception of the Premier League in 1992 93 just 11 players named in the starting line ups for the first round of matches hailed from outside of the United Kingdom or Ireland 247 By 2000 01 the number of foreign players participating in the Premier League was 36 of the total In the 2004 05 season the figure had increased to 45 On 26 December 1999 Chelsea became the first Premier League side to field an entirely foreign starting line up 248 and on 14 February 2005 Arsenal were the first to name a completely foreign 16 man squad for a match 249 By 2009 under 40 of the players in the Premier League were English 250 By February 2020 117 different nationalities had played in the Premier League and 101 nationalities had scored in the competition 251 In 1999 in response to concerns that clubs were increasingly passing over young English players in favour of foreign players the Home Office tightened its rules for granting work permits to players from countries outside of the European Union 252 A non EU player applying for the permit must have played for his country in at least 75 per cent of its competitive A team matches for which he was available for selection during the previous two years and his country must have averaged at least 70th place in the official FIFA world rankings over the previous two years If a player does not meet those criteria the club wishing to sign him may appeal 253 Following the implementation of Brexit in January 2021 new regulations were introduced which require all foreign players to obtain a Governing Body Endorsement GBE in order to play football in the United Kingdom regardless of EU status 254 Top scorers See also List of footballers with 100 or more Premier League goals List of top Premier League goal scorers by season and Premier League Golden Boot Alan Shearer is the top scorer in Premier League history with 260 goals As of 28 May 2023 255 Rank Player Years Goals Apps Ratio1 Alan Shearer 1992 2006 260 441 0 592 Harry Kane 2012 213 320 0 673 Wayne Rooney 2002 2018 208 491 0 424 Andy Cole 1992 2008 187 414 0 455 Sergio Aguero 2011 2021 184 275 0 676 Frank Lampard 1995 2015 177 609 0 297 Thierry Henry 1999 2007 2012 175 258 0 688 Robbie Fowler 1993 2007 2008 163 379 0 439 Jermain Defoe 2001 2003 2004 2014 2015 2019 162 496 0 3310 Michael Owen 1996 2004 2005 2013 150 326 0 46Italics denotes players still playing professional football Bold denotes players still playing in the Premier League Thierry Henry won a record four Premier League Golden Boot awards The Premier League Golden Boot is awarded each season to the top scorer in the division Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260 256 Thirty three players have reached the 100 goal mark 257 Since the first Premier League season in 1992 93 23 players from 11 clubs have won or shared the top scorer title 258 Thierry Henry won his fourth overall scoring title by scoring 27 goals in the 2005 06 season Erling Haaland holds the record for most goals in a Premier League season 38 matches with 36 goals as of 15 May 2023 259 Ryan Giggs of Manchester United holds the record for scoring goals in consecutive seasons having scored in the first 21 seasons of the league 260 Giggs also holds the record for the most Premier League assists with 162 261 Wages There is no team or individual salary cap in the Premier League As a result of the increasingly lucrative television deals player wages rose sharply following the formation of the Premier League when the average player wage was 75 000 per year 262 In the 2018 19 season the average annual salary stood at 2 99 million The total salary bill for the 20 Premier League clubs in the 2018 19 season was 1 62 billion this compares to 1 05 billion in La Liga 0 83 billion in Serie A 0 72 billion in Bundesliga and 0 54 billion in Ligue 1 The club with the highest average wage is Manchester United at 6 5 million This is smaller than the club with the highest wage bill in Spain Barcelona 10 5 million and Italy Juventus 6 7 million but higher than in Germany Bayern Munich 6 4 million and France Paris Saint Germain 6 1 million For the 2018 19 season the ratio of the wages of the highest paid team to lowest paid in the Premier League is 6 82 to 1 This is much lower than in La Liga 19 1 to 1 Serie A 16 to 1 Bundesliga 20 5 to 1 and Ligue 1 26 6 to 1 Because of the lower differential between team wage bills in the Premier League it is often regarded as being more competitive than other top European leagues 263 Player transfer fees See also Progression of the British football transfer fee record and List of most expensive association football transfers The record transfer fee for a Premier League player has risen steadily over the lifetime of the competition Before the start of the first Premier League season Alan Shearer became the first British player to command a transfer fee of more than 3 million 264 The record has increased steadily and Enzo Fernandez is now the most expensive transfer involving a Premier League club at 107 million as well as being the highest transfer fee paid by a Premier League club Top transfer fees paid by Premier League clubs Rank Player Fee min Year Transfer Reference s 1 Enzo Fernandez ARG 107m 2023 Benfica Chelsea 265 2 Jack Grealish ENG 100m 2021 Aston Villa Manchester City 266 3 Romelu Lukaku BEL 97 5m 2021 Inter Milan Chelsea 267 268 4 Paul Pogba FRA 89m b 2016 Juventus Manchester United 269 270 271 5 Mykhailo Mudryk UKR 88 5m 2023 Shakhtar Donetsk Chelsea 272 6 Antony BRA 81 3m 2022 Ajax Manchester United 273 7 Harry Maguire ENG 80m 2019 Leicester City Manchester United 274 275 8 Romelu Lukaku BEL 75m c 2017 Everton Manchester United 276 277 278 Virgil van Dijk NED 75m 2018 Southampton Liverpool 279 10 Jadon Sancho ENG 73m 2021 Borussia Dortmund Manchester United 280 Branded BT Sport until 2023 plus another 5 million in additional bonuses plus 15 million in bonuses Top transfer fees received by Premier League clubs Rank Player Fee min Year Transfer Reference s 1 Philippe Coutinho BRA 106m a 2018 Liverpool Barcelona 281 2 Jack Grealish ENG 100m 2021 Aston Villa Manchester City 117 3 Eden Hazard BEL 89m 2019 Chelsea Real Madrid 282 4 Gareth Bale WAL 86m 2013 Tottenham Hotspur Real Madrid 283 284 5 Cristiano Ronaldo POR 80m 2009 Manchester United Real Madrid 285 286 Harry Maguire ENG 80m 2019 Leicester City Manchester United 274 275 7 Romelu Lukaku BEL 75m 2017 Everton Manchester United 276 277 278 Luis Suarez URU 75m 2014 Liverpool Barcelona 287 288 Virgil van Dijk NED 75m 2018 Southampton Liverpool 279 10 Romelu Lukaku BEL 74m 2019 Manchester United Inter Milan 289 plus reported 40 million bonusesAwardsTrophy The Premier League trophy The gold Premier League trophy awarded to Arsenal for winning the 2003 04 title without defeat The Premier League maintains two trophies the genuine trophy held by the reigning champions and a spare replica Two trophies are held for the purpose of making the award within minutes of the title being secured in the event that on the final day of the season two clubs are still within reach of winning the League 290 In the rare event that more than two clubs are vying for the title on the final day of the season a replica won by a previous club is used 291 The current Premier League trophy was created by Royal Jewellers Garrard amp Co Asprey of London and was designed in house at Garrard amp Co by Trevor Brown and Paul Marsden It consists of a trophy with a golden crown and a malachite plinth base The plinth weighs 33 pounds 15 kg and the trophy weighs 22 pounds 10 0 kg 292 The trophy and plinth are 76 cm 30 in tall 43 cm 17 in wide and 25 cm 9 8 in deep 293 Its main body is solid sterling silver and silver gilt while its plinth is made of malachite a semi precious stone The plinth has a silver band around its circumference upon which the names of the title winning clubs are listed The green of the malachite represents the green field of play 293 The design of the trophy is based on the heraldry of Three Lions that is associated with English football Two of the lions are found above the handles on either side of the trophy the third is symbolised by the captain of the title winning team as he raises the trophy and its gold crown above his head at the end of the season 294 The ribbons that drape the handles are presented in the team colours of the league champions that year In 2004 a special gold version of the trophy was commissioned to commemorate Arsenal winning the title without a single defeat 295 Player and manager awards In addition to the winner s trophy and the individual winner s medals awarded to players who win the title the Premier League also issues other awards throughout the season A man of the match award is awarded to the player who has the greatest impact in an individual match Monthly awards are also given for the Manager of the Month Player of the Month and Goal of the Month 296 These are also issued annually for Manager of the Season 297 Player of the Season 298 and Goal of the Season The Young Player of the Season award is given to the most outstanding U 23 player starting from the 2019 20 season 299 The Golden Boot award is given to the top goalscorer of every season the Playmaker of the Season award is given to the player who makes the most assists of every season 300 and the Golden Glove award is given to the goalkeeper with the most clean sheets at the end of the season 301 From the 2017 18 season players receive a milestone award for 100 appearances and every century there after and also players who score 50 goals and multiples thereof Each player to reach these milestones is to receive a presentation box from the Premier League containing a special medallion and a plaque commemorating their achievement 302 20 Seasons Awards Further information Premier League 20 Seasons Awards and Premier League 10 Seasons Awards In 2012 the Premier League celebrated its second decade by holding the 20 Seasons Awards 303 Fantasy Team of the 20 Seasons Panel Choice Peter Schmeichel Gary Neville Tony Adams Rio Ferdinand Ashley Cole Cristiano Ronaldo Roy Keane Paul Scholes Ryan Giggs Thierry Henry Alan Shearer Public Vote Peter Schmeichel Gary Neville Tony Adams Nemanja Vidic Ashley Cole Cristiano Ronaldo Steven Gerrard Paul Scholes Ryan Giggs Thierry Henry Alan ShearerBest Manager Sir Alex Ferguson Best Player Ryan Giggs Most Appearances Gareth Barry 652 Top Goalscorer Alan Shearer 260 Most Clean Sheets David James 173 500 Club Steven Gerrard Jamie Carragher Gareth Barry Ryan Giggs David James Gary Speed Frank Lampard Emile Heskey and Sol Campbell Best Goal Wayne Rooney 12 February 2011 Manchester United vs Manchester City Best Save Craig Gordon 18 December 2010 Sunderland vs Bolton Wanderers Best Team Arsenal 2003 04See also Association football portal English football portal Sports portalList of English football champions List of English Football League managers FA Women s Super League highest league of women s football in England Football records and statistics in England List of professional sports teams in the United KingdomReferences When will goal line technology be introduced Archived from the original on 9 July 2013 The total number of matches can be calculated using the formula n n 1 where n is the total number of teams Why is there a Saturday football blackout in the UK for live streams amp TV broadcasts Goal Archived from the original on 2 May 2022 Retrieved 2 May 2022 United versus Liverpool Nations The Observer 6 January 2002 Archived from the original on 1 October 2006 Retrieved 8 August 2006 a b English Premier League broadcast rights 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