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Wikipedia

Video assistant referee

January 01, 1970

This article is about the match official in association football. For the general concept of referees reviewing decisions with video footage, see Instant replay § Use by officials.

The video assistant referee (VAR) is a match official in association football who assists the referee by reviewing decisions using video footage and providing advice to the referee based on those reviews.

VAR monitor at the Estadio Monumental David Arellano
The VAR symbol used at the 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups, appearing on-screen during the review process

The assistant video assistant referee (AVAR) is a match official appointed to assist the VAR in the video operation room and around the pitch. There are 3 AVARs (AVAR1, AVAR2, and AVAR3) that are assigned to different parts of the game that they are charged with reviewing, and are in consistent communication with the VAR about possible situations that might warrant further review. The job of the AVAR1 is to watch the main camera and communicate some of the more obvious offenses within the game. The AVAR2 is located at the offside station and are responsible for assisting the VAR with offsides and reporting possible missed offside calls. The AVAR3 is responsible for monitoring the TV programs and assists in communication between the AVAR2 and the VAR since the AVAR2 is at the offside station. [1]

In addition to the VAR and the AVARs there are 3 replay operators that help the VAR and AVARs select the cameras with the best angle.[1]

Following extensive trialling in a number of major competitions, VAR was formally written into the Laws of the Game by the International Football Association Board (IFAB) on March 3, 2018.[2] Operating under the philosophy of "minimal interference, maximum benefit",[3][4] the VAR system seeks to provide a way for "clear and obvious errors" and "serious missed incidents" to be corrected.

Procedure edit

There are four categories of decisions that can be reviewed.[5]

Check edit

 
A VAR decision during an FA Cup match at the Etihad Stadium, Manchester.

The VAR and the AVARs automatically check every on-field referee decision falling under the four reviewable categories. The VAR may perform a "silent check," communicating to the referee that no mistake was made, while not causing any delay to the game. At other times, a VAR check may cause the game to be delayed while the VAR ascertains whether or not a possible mistake has occurred. The referee may delay the restart of play for this to occur, and indicates an ongoing check by pointing to their ear.

Where the VAR does identify a possible clear and obvious error, there are three possible scenarios:[6]

  • Decision overturned on advice of VAR
  • On-field review (OFR) recommended
  • Referee chooses to ignore VAR advice

A decision can generally be overturned without an OFR where it relates to a factual matter. For example, offside decisions or whether a foul occurred inside or outside the penalty area can be determined by the VAR to the referee without a review. VAR will recommend an OFR where there is a subjective decision to make, such as whether a foul was committed in the first place or whether a red card is warranted for a certain offence. In all cases, the final decision rests with the referee, and they can choose to ignore the advice of the VAR altogether.[7]

On-field review (OFR) edit

 
A Major League Soccer referee reviewing a play using a sideline monitor

An OFR can only be conducted on the recommendation of the VAR. This ensures that the referee always makes an on-field ruling and does not rely on OFRs for every close decision. An OFR can be conducted when the ball is out of play, or where the referee stops play for the express purpose of conducting one.[5]

The referee signals an OFR by making the outline of a rectangle, indicating a video screen. The OFR takes place in a designated referee review area (RRA), adjacent to the field of play and in public view to ensure transparency. Slow motion replays are only used to establish point of contact for physical offences and handball, while full-speed replays are shown to determine the intensity of an offence or whether a handball occurred in the first place.[citation needed] During an OFR, the VAR transmits several video replays from different camera angles to assist the referee in making a decision.

Once an OFR is completed, the referee makes the TV signal again, before indicating the decision made. If the ball was out of play, it restarts with either the original decision or the new decision if the on-field one was changed. If play was stopped to conduct an OFR and the decision was not changed, a dropped ball occurs.[8]

Offences edit

A number of offences relating to the VAR process are codified within the Laws of the Game. Both players and team officials can be cautioned for excessively protesting an on-field decision by making the TV signal. Any player or team official entering the RRA are also cautioned. Finally, entering the VOR will cause a player or team official to be sent off.[9]

 
Assistant video assistant referees in action during a Saudi Professional League match

Location edit

The VAR and the AVARs are often located within the stadium where the match is being played. Certain leagues have begun using a centralized review location. For example, the English Premier League stations all its VAR teams in the video operation room (VOR) at Stockley Park in London and the German Football Association in Cologne-Deutz.[10] During its 2022 season, Major League Soccer in the United States created a Video Review Center in Atlanta where all its VAR teams operate.[11]

Camera Setup edit

The Var system consists of 42 cameras including slow and ultra slow motion cameras as well as the cameras used in offside technology, and all FIFA host broadcaster camera feeds to ensure the VAR has the best angle possible on every play.[1]

Glossary edit

A number of technical terms and abbreviations are used in reference to the VAR system. These include:[12]

  • Check – Process by which the VAR automatically inspects all reviewable decisions.[13] A check can result in confirmation of the on-field decision (a "silent check"), a change in decision for factual matters (e.g. offside/not offside) or the recommendation of an OFR.
  • Clear and obvious error – Degree required for an on-field decision to be overturned.[14]
  • OFR – On-field review; review process that occurs following recommendation by the VAR. Used where a clear and obvious mistake may have been made in regards to a subjective decision.
  • RO – Replay operator; non-referee official who assists video officials by managing the broadcast and finding the best angles to allow for the right decision to be made
  • RRA – Referee review area; area where an OFR is conducted, located adjacent to the field of play and in sight at all times
  • VAR – Video Assistant Referee; main video official whose main role is to check all reviewable incidents and recommend an OFR where a possible clear and obvious error has occurred. The VAR is a current or former qualified referee.[5]
    • AVAR – Assistant VAR; official that assists the VAR by watching the live action on the field while the VAR is undertaking a "check" or a "review".[5]
      • Offside VAR – AVAR official that anticipates and checks any potential offside situations in game-changing situations.[15][16]
      • Support VAR – AVAR official that coordinates communication between VAR officials and focuses on the television programme feed.[15][16]
  • Video official – Category of match official, alongside on-field officials. Consists of VAR and any AVARs.
  • VOR – Video operation room; room where the VAR team is located. The VOR can be located in or near the stadium, or in a centralised location such as a broadcast centre.

History edit

The moment when the referee decides to take a penalty kick as a result of VAR evaluation in the TFF First League.

VAR was conceived by the Refereeing 2.0 project in the early 2010s and under the direction of the Royal Netherlands Football Association (KNVB).[17] The system was tested through mock trials during the 2012–13 season of the Eredivisie, the country's top football league. In 2014, the KNVB petitioned the International Football Association Board (IFAB) to amend its laws of the games to allow the system to be used during more extensive trials. The IFAB approved trials and a pathway to full implementation during its 2016 general meeting.[17][18] Lukas Brud, IFAB secretary, said "With all the 4G and Wi-Fi in stadia today...we knew we had to protect referees from making mistakes that everyone can see immediately", such as Thierry Henry’s handball that eliminated Ireland from qualifying for the 2010 FIFA World Cup where the on-field referees were not in a position to view the infraction.

Proposals to introduce any form of video review were consistently rejected by FIFA president Sepp Blatter. Throughout his presidency, Blatter was vehemently opposed to the introduction of any new technology to challenge the live decisions of referees in football, often even going to far as to intervene (or threaten to) in domestic competition matters where the only pertinent question was whether suspensions for questionable sendings off should be enforced. After Blatter was forced out of his post due to an unrelated corruption scandal in 2015, the VAR proposal received a warm reception under his successor Gianni Infantino.[17]

The first live trial of the VAR system was in July 2016 in a friendly match between PSV and FC Eindhoven.[19]

The next live trial of the VAR system began in August 2016 with a United Soccer League match between two Major League Soccer reserve sides.[20] Match referee Ismail Elfath reviewed two fouls during the match and, after consultation with video assistant referee Allen Chapman, decided to issue a red card and a yellow card in the respective incidents.[21]

Video reviews were introduced the following month during an international friendly between France and Italy.[22]

The first professional "non-friendly" game was an official first round KNVB Cup tie between Ajax and Willem II on 21 September 2016.[23] This match was the first match to include a "pitchside monitor". The pitchside monitor would allow the referee to review footage from the field. Based on VAR but not using the available pitchside monitor, a yellow card was turned into a red card and thus this was the first ever VAR based expulsion in a professional game.[24] Interestingly, this professional and official Cup game was played before the official FIFA rule changes. Although viewers watching the match on television were made aware of the decision, the public in the stadium and, to a lesser extent, the players were confused as to what had happened. The major lesson from the confusion around this first major decision change was that VAR decisions needed to be clearly communicated to the players, the watching public inside the stadium, and on TV.[24]

The next event that VAR was used, including a "pitchside monitor" was at the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup.[25] Kashima Antlers were awarded a penalty after a video review in the 3–0 win of semi-final against Atlético Nacional.

The A-League in Australia became the first to use a VAR system in a top-flight professional club competition on 7 April 2017, when Melbourne City played Adelaide United[26] though this game was completed without the VAR being called upon.[27] The first intervention by a VAR in a professional national league game was seen on 8 April when Wellington Phoenix hosted Sydney FC. The VAR identified an illegal handball in the penalty area and awarded Sydney FC a penalty. The game finished in a 1–1 draw.[28][29]

Major League Soccer in the United States introduced VAR in competitive matches during its 2017 season after the 2017 MLS All-Star Game on 2 August 2017.[30][31] Its first official use came during a match between the Philadelphia Union and FC Dallas, invalidating a goal from the latter over contact made between a Dallas player and Philadelphia's goalkeeper.[32] VAR was used at an international level in the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in June, where it was praised, but its usefulness was questioned after a referee decision in the final match.[33][34]

Also in 2017, Portuguese Football Federation (FPF) had its first official match using VAR, during Portuguese Cup Final between SL Benfica and Vitoria SC at Jamor Stadium on the 28 May 2017. Portuguese Football Federation was the first country in the world to use VAR in a Women's competition: one week after men's Cup final, in the same stadium, VAR was officially used in a Women's match between Sporting CP and SC Braga.

After the 2016 introduction in CUP football in Europe, the VAR system was introduced in top-flight European football league competitions by Bundesliga and the Serie A at the beginning of the 2017–18 season[35] and by La Liga at the beginning of the 2018–19 season.[36] The system was also used at the 2017 FIFA U-20 World Cup in October.[37] On 8 January 2018, VAR was trialled for the first time in England in the 2017–18 FA Cup game between Brighton & Hove Albion and Crystal Palace,[38] and the following day it was trialled for the first time in France in the Côte d'Azur derby game in the 2017–18 French League Cup. It was said to have worked well.[39]

Italy opened the world's first VAR training centre in Coverciano in January 2018.[40]

The Var system that is currently used was created by Hawk-Eye Innovations Limited and was tested according to FIFA’s Quality Programme by a third party[1] On 3 March 2018, the IFAB wrote VAR into the Laws of the Game on an incorrect basis.[41] Its use remains optional for competitions, and the English Premier League and the UEFA Champions League were not expected to implement VAR for their 2018–19 season.[42] However Premier League executive chairman Richard Scudamore described it as "inevitable" that VAR will be introduced to the Premier League.[43] On 27 September 2018, UEFA announced that from the 2019–20 UEFA Champions League season, VAR will be used in the competition.[44] Although VAR was not implemented in the group stages of the 2018–19 season, UEFA announced on 3 December 2018, that VAR would be used in the knockout stages, which commenced in February 2019.[45]

On 15 November 2018, Premier League teams voted in principle to bring Video Assistant Referees to the Premier League from the 2019–20 season onwards pending approval of IFAB and FIFA; this came after a controversial decision from referee Simon Hooper to disallow a goal scored by Southampton F.C. striker Charlie Austin.[46]

On 1 January 2020, the Emperor's Cup Final was the first Japanese football match to use VAR. This was also a preparation for the introduction of VAR into Olympic football.

Notable uses of VAR edit

2018 FIFA World Cup edit

FIFA officially approved the use of VAR for the 2018 FIFA World Cup during the FIFA Council meeting on 16 March 2018 in Bogotá.[47][42][48][49] This tournament became the first competition to use VAR in full (at all matches and in all venues).[50]

 
Cristiano Ronaldo of Portugal being shown a yellow card after a challenge with Iranian player that was reviewed by referee Enrique Cáceres as a potential red card incident

The 2018 World Cup marked the system's World Cup debut. A total of 335 incidents were checked by the VAR over the course of the group stage, averaging seven per match, and fourteen calls made by referees were changed or overruled after being reviewed by the VAR. According to FIFA, the VAR system had a success rate of 99.3 percent, up from the 95 percent of correct calls by referees without VAR.[51] The first VAR decision at the World Cup came on 16 June 2018 in a group stage match between France and Australia, where referee Andres Cunha awarded a penalty to France after consulting with the VAR.[52][53] In the final, referee Néstor Pitana used the VAR to review a defensive foul for handling in the penalty area, awarding France a penalty, which gave them a 2–1 lead over Croatia. The final eventually ended with France prevailing 4–2.[54]

The use of VAR has been credited with assisting the 2018 edition's status as the cleanest World Cup since 1986, after no red cards were issued in the opening 11 games and only four players were sent off in the entire tournament which was the fewest since 1978.[55] 22 goals were scored from 29 awarded penalty kicks, beating the previous record of 17 penalty kick goals set in the 1998 tournament; the dramatic increase in the number of penalties awarded at the 2018 World Cup has been attributed to VAR catching fouls which would otherwise have remained unpunished.[56] IFAB technical director and former Premier League referee David Elleray stated a belief that the presence of VAR meant that players would know that they would not be able to get away with anything under the new system.[57]

Criticism edit

The use of video technology at the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup was criticised after several contentious moments involving VAR at the tournament. It was accused of "creating as much confusion as clarity".[58][59]

Further criticism was leveled at VAR after it suffered issues preventing its use, for example in a Portuguese match where a supporter's flag had been obscuring the VAR camera,[60][61] or in the 2018 A-League Grand Final between Newcastle Jets and Melbourne Victory where the VAR software suffered a technical malfunction which prevented the assistant referee from viewing the replay, allowing Melbourne Victory to wrongly score the only goal of the game and win the A-League Championship with it.[62][63]

After the introduction of VAR in the 2018 World Cup, FIFA deemed it a success. Nevertheless, the use (or lack of use) of VAR has been criticised.[64][65] Independent assessments note that while most decisions were made correctly as a result of VAR, some were wrong despite VAR review and some decisions which were called incorrectly were not even reviewed.[66][64] There have even been incidents when there has been miscommunication between VAR and the referee, such as Liverpool FC v Tottenham FC in September 2023 which ended up being a crucial mistake after VAR told the ref the wrong decision after they thought the on-field decision was the other way about.[67]The Guardian concludes that VAR has been most effective for factual decisions such as offsides and mistaken identities, while subjective decisions such as penalties or the disciplining of players have fared much worse. Lack of clarity and consistency are two main areas of weakness.[68] In addition, research from the University of Bath found that, on average, "participants thought the ball was kicked 132 miliseconds later than it actually was",[69] proving that the technology at present has issues with accuracy.

Another line of criticism has been targeted at the effectiveness of the system in achieving its goal. In the opinion of Scott Stinson from the National Post, VAR, like any other replay system, fails to correct human error and instead only adds to the controversies because human judgment is still necessary.[70] Human error has significant social causes as well, as a research study done in Italy found that players with darker skin complexion were "more likely to receive punishment for fouls" with all else held constant.[71] Such bias, including unconscious bias, may not be removed entirely by VAR, as it still relies on human judgment to make the final call.[70]

Lack of transparency is another contentious point, as teams have no way to know which incidents were reviewed by the VAR team.[72] At a press conference held after the group stage, FIFA referees committee chairman Pierluigi Collina showed footage of the decision-making process accompanied with audio of the conversations between VAR officials and the referees. Asked if this audio could be made publicly available, as it is in rugby and cricket, Collina answered affirmatively but cautioned that it might still be too early.[73][74] That said, in an attempt to provide more transparency to fans, sports broadcaster Sky Sports launched the controversial television programme "Match Officials Mic'd Up". Produced by the Premier League, the show aims to bring transparency and constructive discourse to the VAR process, with host Michael Owen and PGMOL Chief Howard Webb analysing VAR calls from previous game weeks.[75]

Others have pointed to the game-changing nature of VAR. There is an increase in the number and duration of pause in the game with VAR system.[76] Initial fears that using the system would lengthen the game considerably have not been confirmed, with every VAR review taking up an average of only 80 seconds.[77] The dramatic increase in the number of penalties awarded at the 2018 World Cup has been attributed to VAR catching fouls which would otherwise have remained unpunished. Of the 169 goals scored in the tournament, 22 were from penalty kicks (with 29 being awarded in total), beating the previous record of 17 set in the 1998 FIFA World Cup.[56] Jonathan Liew of The Independent compares the situation to the introduction of the Decision Review System in cricket and notes the changes it had on that sport, and suggests that it might lead to changes of a similar nature in football.[78]

VAR hasn't just affected the teams that are playing the game. English Premier league fans said that VAR has made the game less enjoyable since the introduction of it and will attend fewer games because of this.[79] The increase in pauses during a game has also been a huge factor with the football fans, with a great number of fans saying that they would most likely support VAR if there was a time limit for the amount of time VAR takes when in use.[80]

Use of VAR has actually been shown to increase playing time in both the first and second half, while not significantly altering the amount of other variable, such as penalties, offsides, fouls, and goals except for a considerable decrease in the number of offsides in Mens football matches,[81] which could be contributed to video analysis being more reliable than human judgement in these scenarios.

In February 2019, UEFA issued guidance which stated that players who made a "TV-screen" hand gesture should result in a yellow card.[82] "Excessively using the 'review' (TV screen) signal" is now listed as a caution for which a player may receive a yellow card in the Laws of the Game.[83] Early uses of VAR in the Premier League, at the beginning of the 2019–20 season, were described as confusing to both coaches and fans with the decision making often inconsistent.[84] By 2022 the application of VAR in the Premier League was still subject to criticism. On 3 September 2022, games involving Chelsea, West Ham United, Newcastle United, Crystal Palace, Brentford and Leeds United all contained contentious VAR decisions.[85]

Premier League officials were criticized for taking lucrative jobs in the Middle East. In the match between Tottenham Hotspur and Liverpool on 30 September 2023, the VAR Darren England made a decision that led to the disallowance of a valid goal scored by Luis Diaz. England was alleged of losing focus because he had taken an eight-hour flight back from the United Arab Emirates along with Dan Cook, the assistant VAR. The situation further complicated when it was revealed that England and Cook had been in the UAE to supervise a Pro League game. They reportedly received a payment of £15-20k for this duty.[86]

In VAR matches the assistant referees who decide on offsides are required to avoid raising the flag for an offside decision until the play proceeds to a natural conclusion, unless the offside is extremely obvious. This allows a team who might have been called for an offside offence to instead continue and score a goal to be checked by VAR. When play continues there is the chance of an injury occurring that might not before the introduction of VAR. Team-mates Rui Patricio and Conor Coady collided with each other in a game against Liverpool after a delayed offside call allowed play to continue and Fernando Muslera suffered a double leg break after a collision with opposition striker Milan Škoda following a delayed offside call in December 2021.[87] It has also been speculated that VAR being available to check on any offside play can subconsciously impact on the decision of an assistant referee, causing them to allow play to continue if an offside play does not result in a goal. Such an action could see a defensive team who defends such an offside play subsequently lose possession of the ball, score an own goal, give away a foul or a corner kick and give their opposition a chance they would not have had if the offside had been called.

Competitions using VAR edit

Competitions which include VAR confirmed matches are "live" matches, i.e. where the VARs have contact with the referee on the field of play and therefore may have an impact on the decision making.[88]

There is also an idea of implementing VAR in futsal matches.[89]

Club competitions edit

International edit

Continental edit

 
VAR in use in the UEFA Champions League group stage in 2019 by Cüneyt Çakır

Regional edit

Domestic leagues edit

Domestic cups edit

National team competitions edit

International edit

 
VAR in use at the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup in France.

Continental edit

Regional edit

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ League stage onwards
  2. ^ a b c d Group stage onwards
  3. ^ a b c d e Knockout stage and the final only
  4. ^ Semi-finals, 3rd place play-off and the final only
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Semi-finals and the final only
  6. ^ a b c d e Final stage only
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Play-off final only
  8. ^ Round of 16 in the play-off round onwards only
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h Semi-finals and final of the play-off round only
  10. ^ Semi-finals and final of the play-off round and where requested and paid for by the clubs
  11. ^ Play-off round only
  12. ^ Quarter-finals in the play-off round onwards only
  13. ^ Starting in 2024–25 season
  14. ^ Starting at Championship Series in 2023–24 season[90]
  15. ^ Promotion play-offs semi-final and final only
  16. ^ Liguilla only
  17. ^ Promotion/relegation play-offs only
  18. ^ Promotion play-offs only
  19. ^ Promotion stage only
  20. ^ Only for selected matches
  21. ^ Only 2 selected matches a week
  22. ^ Play-off finals only
  23. ^ a b c d e f Quarter-finals onwards
  24. ^ Certain finals only[91]
  25. ^ Round of 32 ties until the final only
  26. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Final only
  27. ^ Third, fourth and fifth round ties (Premier League stadiums only) until the semi-finals only
  28. ^ a b c d e f g Round of 8 ties until the final only
  29. ^ Entire tournament bar the preliminary round
  30. ^ Group stage onwards (Liga I stadiums only)
  31. ^ Group stage onwards (Russian Premier League path) + selected matches of regions path
  32. ^ Fourth round onwards, only at Premiership stadiums for televised matches or where agreed, plus the semi-finals and final
  33. ^ All games (UEFA and CONMEBOL), Third Round onwards (AFC), Third Round only (CONCACAF and CAF) and inter-confederation play-offs
  34. ^ Play-offs only (UEFA) and inter-confederation play-offs
  35. ^ Quarter-finals onwards
  36. ^ a b Final stage only
  37. ^ Final four only

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January 01, 1970
video, assistant, referee, this, article, about, match, official, association, football, general, concept, referees, reviewing, decisions, with, video, footage, instant, replay, officials, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help. This article is about the match official in association football For the general concept of referees reviewing decisions with video footage see Instant replay Use by officials This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Video assistant referee news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2023 Learn how and when to remove this message The video assistant referee VAR is a match official in association football who assists the referee by reviewing decisions using video footage and providing advice to the referee based on those reviews VAR monitor at the Estadio Monumental David Arellano The VAR symbol used at the 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups appearing on screen during the review process The assistant video assistant referee AVAR is a match official appointed to assist the VAR in the video operation room and around the pitch There are 3 AVARs AVAR1 AVAR2 and AVAR3 that are assigned to different parts of the game that they are charged with reviewing and are in consistent communication with the VAR about possible situations that might warrant further review The job of the AVAR1 is to watch the main camera and communicate some of the more obvious offenses within the game The AVAR2 is located at the offside station and are responsible for assisting the VAR with offsides and reporting possible missed offside calls The AVAR3 is responsible for monitoring the TV programs and assists in communication between the AVAR2 and the VAR since the AVAR2 is at the offside station 1 In addition to the VAR and the AVARs there are 3 replay operators that help the VAR and AVARs select the cameras with the best angle 1 Following extensive trialling in a number of major competitions VAR was formally written into the Laws of the Game by the International Football Association Board IFAB on March 3 2018 2 Operating under the philosophy of minimal interference maximum benefit 3 4 the VAR system seeks to provide a way for clear and obvious errors and serious missed incidents to be corrected Contents 1 Procedure 1 1 Check 1 2 On field review OFR 1 3 Offences 1 4 Location 1 5 Camera Setup 2 Glossary 3 History 4 Notable uses of VAR 4 1 2018 FIFA World Cup 5 Criticism 6 Competitions using VAR 6 1 Club competitions 6 1 1 International 6 1 2 Continental 6 1 3 Regional 6 1 4 Domestic leagues 6 1 5 Domestic cups 6 2 National team competitions 6 2 1 International 6 2 2 Continental 6 2 3 Regional 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External linksProcedure editThere are four categories of decisions that can be reviewed 5 Goal no goal attacking team commits an offence ball out of play ball entering goal offside handball offences and encroachment during penalty kicks Penalty no penalty attacking team commits an offence ball out of play location of offence incorrect awarding offence not penalised Direct red card denial of obvious goal scoring opportunity serious foul play violent conduct biting spitting using offensive insulting abusive language or gestures Mistaken identity in awarding a red or yellow card Check edit nbsp A VAR decision during an FA Cup match at the Etihad Stadium Manchester The VAR and the AVARs automatically check every on field referee decision falling under the four reviewable categories The VAR may perform a silent check communicating to the referee that no mistake was made while not causing any delay to the game At other times a VAR check may cause the game to be delayed while the VAR ascertains whether or not a possible mistake has occurred The referee may delay the restart of play for this to occur and indicates an ongoing check by pointing to their ear Where the VAR does identify a possible clear and obvious error there are three possible scenarios 6 Decision overturned on advice of VAR On field review OFR recommended Referee chooses to ignore VAR advice A decision can generally be overturned without an OFR where it relates to a factual matter For example offside decisions or whether a foul occurred inside or outside the penalty area can be determined by the VAR to the referee without a review VAR will recommend an OFR where there is a subjective decision to make such as whether a foul was committed in the first place or whether a red card is warranted for a certain offence In all cases the final decision rests with the referee and they can choose to ignore the advice of the VAR altogether 7 On field review OFR edit nbsp A Major League Soccer referee reviewing a play using a sideline monitorAn OFR can only be conducted on the recommendation of the VAR This ensures that the referee always makes an on field ruling and does not rely on OFRs for every close decision An OFR can be conducted when the ball is out of play or where the referee stops play for the express purpose of conducting one 5 The referee signals an OFR by making the outline of a rectangle indicating a video screen The OFR takes place in a designated referee review area RRA adjacent to the field of play and in public view to ensure transparency Slow motion replays are only used to establish point of contact for physical offences and handball while full speed replays are shown to determine the intensity of an offence or whether a handball occurred in the first place citation needed During an OFR the VAR transmits several video replays from different camera angles to assist the referee in making a decision Once an OFR is completed the referee makes the TV signal again before indicating the decision made If the ball was out of play it restarts with either the original decision or the new decision if the on field one was changed If play was stopped to conduct an OFR and the decision was not changed a dropped ball occurs 8 Offences editA number of offences relating to the VAR process are codified within the Laws of the Game Both players and team officials can be cautioned for excessively protesting an on field decision by making the TV signal Any player or team official entering the RRA are also cautioned Finally entering the VOR will cause a player or team official to be sent off 9 nbsp Assistant video assistant referees in action during a Saudi Professional League match Location edit The VAR and the AVARs are often located within the stadium where the match is being played Certain leagues have begun using a centralized review location For example the English Premier League stations all its VAR teams in the video operation room VOR at Stockley Park in London and the German Football Association in Cologne Deutz 10 During its 2022 season Major League Soccer in the United States created a Video Review Center in Atlanta where all its VAR teams operate 11 Camera Setup edit The Var system consists of 42 cameras including slow and ultra slow motion cameras as well as the cameras used in offside technology and all FIFA host broadcaster camera feeds to ensure the VAR has the best angle possible on every play 1 Glossary editA number of technical terms and abbreviations are used in reference to the VAR system These include 12 Check Process by which the VAR automatically inspects all reviewable decisions 13 A check can result in confirmation of the on field decision a silent check a change in decision for factual matters e g offside not offside or the recommendation of an OFR Clear and obvious error Degree required for an on field decision to be overturned 14 OFR On field review review process that occurs following recommendation by the VAR Used where a clear and obvious mistake may have been made in regards to a subjective decision RO Replay operator non referee official who assists video officials by managing the broadcast and finding the best angles to allow for the right decision to be made RRA Referee review area area where an OFR is conducted located adjacent to the field of play and in sight at all times VAR Video Assistant Referee main video official whose main role is to check all reviewable incidents and recommend an OFR where a possible clear and obvious error has occurred The VAR is a current or former qualified referee 5 AVAR Assistant VAR official that assists the VAR by watching the live action on the field while the VAR is undertaking a check or a review 5 Offside VAR AVAR official that anticipates and checks any potential offside situations in game changing situations 15 16 Support VAR AVAR official that coordinates communication between VAR officials and focuses on the television programme feed 15 16 Video official Category of match official alongside on field officials Consists of VAR and any AVARs VOR Video operation room room where the VAR team is located The VOR can be located in or near the stadium or in a centralised location such as a broadcast centre History edit source source The moment when the referee decides to take a penalty kick as a result of VAR evaluation in the TFF First League VAR was conceived by the Refereeing 2 0 project in the early 2010s and under the direction of the Royal Netherlands Football Association KNVB 17 The system was tested through mock trials during the 2012 13 season of the Eredivisie the country s top football league In 2014 the KNVB petitioned the International Football Association Board IFAB to amend its laws of the games to allow the system to be used during more extensive trials The IFAB approved trials and a pathway to full implementation during its 2016 general meeting 17 18 Lukas Brud IFAB secretary said With all the 4G and Wi Fi in stadia today we knew we had to protect referees from making mistakes that everyone can see immediately such as Thierry Henry s handball that eliminated Ireland from qualifying for the 2010 FIFA World Cup where the on field referees were not in a position to view the infraction Proposals to introduce any form of video review were consistently rejected by FIFA president Sepp Blatter Throughout his presidency Blatter was vehemently opposed to the introduction of any new technology to challenge the live decisions of referees in football often even going to far as to intervene or threaten to in domestic competition matters where the only pertinent question was whether suspensions for questionable sendings off should be enforced After Blatter was forced out of his post due to an unrelated corruption scandal in 2015 the VAR proposal received a warm reception under his successor Gianni Infantino 17 The first live trial of the VAR system was in July 2016 in a friendly match between PSV and FC Eindhoven 19 The next live trial of the VAR system began in August 2016 with a United Soccer League match between two Major League Soccer reserve sides 20 Match referee Ismail Elfath reviewed two fouls during the match and after consultation with video assistant referee Allen Chapman decided to issue a red card and a yellow card in the respective incidents 21 Video reviews were introduced the following month during an international friendly between France and Italy 22 The first professional non friendly game was an official first round KNVB Cup tie between Ajax and Willem II on 21 September 2016 23 This match was the first match to include a pitchside monitor The pitchside monitor would allow the referee to review footage from the field Based on VAR but not using the available pitchside monitor a yellow card was turned into a red card and thus this was the first ever VAR based expulsion in a professional game 24 Interestingly this professional and official Cup game was played before the official FIFA rule changes Although viewers watching the match on television were made aware of the decision the public in the stadium and to a lesser extent the players were confused as to what had happened The major lesson from the confusion around this first major decision change was that VAR decisions needed to be clearly communicated to the players the watching public inside the stadium and on TV 24 The next event that VAR was used including a pitchside monitor was at the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup 25 Kashima Antlers were awarded a penalty after a video review in the 3 0 win of semi final against Atletico Nacional The A League in Australia became the first to use a VAR system in a top flight professional club competition on 7 April 2017 when Melbourne City played Adelaide United 26 though this game was completed without the VAR being called upon 27 The first intervention by a VAR in a professional national league game was seen on 8 April when Wellington Phoenix hosted Sydney FC The VAR identified an illegal handball in the penalty area and awarded Sydney FC a penalty The game finished in a 1 1 draw 28 29 Major League Soccer in the United States introduced VAR in competitive matches during its 2017 season after the 2017 MLS All Star Game on 2 August 2017 30 31 Its first official use came during a match between the Philadelphia Union and FC Dallas invalidating a goal from the latter over contact made between a Dallas player and Philadelphia s goalkeeper 32 VAR was used at an international level in the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in June where it was praised but its usefulness was questioned after a referee decision in the final match 33 34 Also in 2017 Portuguese Football Federation FPF had its first official match using VAR during Portuguese Cup Final between SL Benfica and Vitoria SC at Jamor Stadium on the 28 May 2017 Portuguese Football Federation was the first country in the world to use VAR in a Women s competition one week after men s Cup final in the same stadium VAR was officially used in a Women s match between Sporting CP and SC Braga After the 2016 introduction in CUP football in Europe the VAR system was introduced in top flight European football league competitions by Bundesliga and the Serie A at the beginning of the 2017 18 season 35 and by La Liga at the beginning of the 2018 19 season 36 The system was also used at the 2017 FIFA U 20 World Cup in October 37 On 8 January 2018 VAR was trialled for the first time in England in the 2017 18 FA Cup game between Brighton amp Hove Albion and Crystal Palace 38 and the following day it was trialled for the first time in France in the Cote d Azur derby game in the 2017 18 French League Cup It was said to have worked well 39 Italy opened the world s first VAR training centre in Coverciano in January 2018 40 The Var system that is currently used was created by Hawk Eye Innovations Limited and was tested according to FIFA s Quality Programme by a third party 1 On 3 March 2018 the IFAB wrote VAR into the Laws of the Game on an incorrect basis 41 Its use remains optional for competitions and the English Premier League and the UEFA Champions League were not expected to implement VAR for their 2018 19 season 42 However Premier League executive chairman Richard Scudamore described it as inevitable that VAR will be introduced to the Premier League 43 On 27 September 2018 UEFA announced that from the 2019 20 UEFA Champions League season VAR will be used in the competition 44 Although VAR was not implemented in the group stages of the 2018 19 season UEFA announced on 3 December 2018 that VAR would be used in the knockout stages which commenced in February 2019 45 On 15 November 2018 Premier League teams voted in principle to bring Video Assistant Referees to the Premier League from the 2019 20 season onwards pending approval of IFAB and FIFA this came after a controversial decision from referee Simon Hooper to disallow a goal scored by Southampton F C striker Charlie Austin 46 On 1 January 2020 the Emperor s Cup Final was the first Japanese football match to use VAR This was also a preparation for the introduction of VAR into Olympic football Notable uses of VAR edit2018 FIFA World Cup edit FIFA officially approved the use of VAR for the 2018 FIFA World Cup during the FIFA Council meeting on 16 March 2018 in Bogota 47 42 48 49 This tournament became the first competition to use VAR in full at all matches and in all venues 50 nbsp Cristiano Ronaldo of Portugal being shown a yellow card after a challenge with Iranian player that was reviewed by referee Enrique Caceres as a potential red card incident The 2018 World Cup marked the system s World Cup debut A total of 335 incidents were checked by the VAR over the course of the group stage averaging seven per match and fourteen calls made by referees were changed or overruled after being reviewed by the VAR According to FIFA the VAR system had a success rate of 99 3 percent up from the 95 percent of correct calls by referees without VAR 51 The first VAR decision at the World Cup came on 16 June 2018 in a group stage match between France and Australia where referee Andres Cunha awarded a penalty to France after consulting with the VAR 52 53 In the final referee Nestor Pitana used the VAR to review a defensive foul for handling in the penalty area awarding France a penalty which gave them a 2 1 lead over Croatia The final eventually ended with France prevailing 4 2 54 The use of VAR has been credited with assisting the 2018 edition s status as the cleanest World Cup since 1986 after no red cards were issued in the opening 11 games and only four players were sent off in the entire tournament which was the fewest since 1978 55 22 goals were scored from 29 awarded penalty kicks beating the previous record of 17 penalty kick goals set in the 1998 tournament the dramatic increase in the number of penalties awarded at the 2018 World Cup has been attributed to VAR catching fouls which would otherwise have remained unpunished 56 IFAB technical director and former Premier League referee David Elleray stated a belief that the presence of VAR meant that players would know that they would not be able to get away with anything under the new system 57 Criticism editThe use of video technology at the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup was criticised after several contentious moments involving VAR at the tournament It was accused of creating as much confusion as clarity 58 59 Further criticism was leveled at VAR after it suffered issues preventing its use for example in a Portuguese match where a supporter s flag had been obscuring the VAR camera 60 61 or in the 2018 A League Grand Final between Newcastle Jets and Melbourne Victory where the VAR software suffered a technical malfunction which prevented the assistant referee from viewing the replay allowing Melbourne Victory to wrongly score the only goal of the game and win the A League Championship with it 62 63 After the introduction of VAR in the 2018 World Cup FIFA deemed it a success Nevertheless the use or lack of use of VAR has been criticised 64 65 Independent assessments note that while most decisions were made correctly as a result of VAR some were wrong despite VAR review and some decisions which were called incorrectly were not even reviewed 66 64 There have even been incidents when there has been miscommunication between VAR and the referee such as Liverpool FC v Tottenham FC in September 2023 which ended up being a crucial mistake after VAR told the ref the wrong decision after they thought the on field decision was the other way about 67 The Guardian concludes that VAR has been most effective for factual decisions such as offsides and mistaken identities while subjective decisions such as penalties or the disciplining of players have fared much worse Lack of clarity and consistency are two main areas of weakness 68 In addition research from the University of Bath found that on average participants thought the ball was kicked 132 miliseconds later than it actually was 69 proving that the technology at present has issues with accuracy Another line of criticism has been targeted at the effectiveness of the system in achieving its goal In the opinion of Scott Stinson from the National Post VAR like any other replay system fails to correct human error and instead only adds to the controversies because human judgment is still necessary 70 Human error has significant social causes as well as a research study done in Italy found that players with darker skin complexion were more likely to receive punishment for fouls with all else held constant 71 Such bias including unconscious bias may not be removed entirely by VAR as it still relies on human judgment to make the final call 70 Lack of transparency is another contentious point as teams have no way to know which incidents were reviewed by the VAR team 72 At a press conference held after the group stage FIFA referees committee chairman Pierluigi Collina showed footage of the decision making process accompanied with audio of the conversations between VAR officials and the referees Asked if this audio could be made publicly available as it is in rugby and cricket Collina answered affirmatively but cautioned that it might still be too early 73 74 That said in an attempt to provide more transparency to fans sports broadcaster Sky Sports launched the controversial television programme Match Officials Mic d Up Produced by the Premier League the show aims to bring transparency and constructive discourse to the VAR process with host Michael Owen and PGMOL Chief Howard Webb analysing VAR calls from previous game weeks 75 Others have pointed to the game changing nature of VAR There is an increase in the number and duration of pause in the game with VAR system 76 Initial fears that using the system would lengthen the game considerably have not been confirmed with every VAR review taking up an average of only 80 seconds 77 The dramatic increase in the number of penalties awarded at the 2018 World Cup has been attributed to VAR catching fouls which would otherwise have remained unpunished Of the 169 goals scored in the tournament 22 were from penalty kicks with 29 being awarded in total beating the previous record of 17 set in the 1998 FIFA World Cup 56 Jonathan Liew of The Independent compares the situation to the introduction of the Decision Review System in cricket and notes the changes it had on that sport and suggests that it might lead to changes of a similar nature in football 78 VAR hasn t just affected the teams that are playing the game English Premier league fans said that VAR has made the game less enjoyable since the introduction of it and will attend fewer games because of this 79 The increase in pauses during a game has also been a huge factor with the football fans with a great number of fans saying that they would most likely support VAR if there was a time limit for the amount of time VAR takes when in use 80 Use of VAR has actually been shown to increase playing time in both the first and second half while not significantly altering the amount of other variable such as penalties offsides fouls and goals except for a considerable decrease in the number of offsides in Mens football matches 81 which could be contributed to video analysis being more reliable than human judgement in these scenarios In February 2019 UEFA issued guidance which stated that players who made a TV screen hand gesture should result in a yellow card 82 Excessively using the review TV screen signal is now listed as a caution for which a player may receive a yellow card in the Laws of the Game 83 Early uses of VAR in the Premier League at the beginning of the 2019 20 season were described as confusing to both coaches and fans with the decision making often inconsistent 84 By 2022 the application of VAR in the Premier League was still subject to criticism On 3 September 2022 games involving Chelsea West Ham United Newcastle United Crystal Palace Brentford and Leeds United all contained contentious VAR decisions 85 Premier League officials were criticized for taking lucrative jobs in the Middle East In the match between Tottenham Hotspur and Liverpool on 30 September 2023 the VAR Darren England made a decision that led to the disallowance of a valid goal scored by Luis Diaz England was alleged of losing focus because he had taken an eight hour flight back from the United Arab Emirates along with Dan Cook the assistant VAR The situation further complicated when it was revealed that England and Cook had been in the UAE to supervise a Pro League game They reportedly received a payment of 15 20k for this duty 86 In VAR matches the assistant referees who decide on offsides are required to avoid raising the flag for an offside decision until the play proceeds to a natural conclusion unless the offside is extremely obvious This allows a team who might have been called for an offside offence to instead continue and score a goal to be checked by VAR When play continues there is the chance of an injury occurring that might not before the introduction of VAR Team mates Rui Patricio and Conor Coady collided with each other in a game against Liverpool after a delayed offside call allowed play to continue and Fernando Muslera suffered a double leg break after a collision with opposition striker Milan Skoda following a delayed offside call in December 2021 87 It has also been speculated that VAR being available to check on any offside play can subconsciously impact on the decision of an assistant referee causing them to allow play to continue if an offside play does not result in a goal Such an action could see a defensive team who defends such an offside play subsequently lose possession of the ball score an own goal give away a foul or a corner kick and give their opposition a chance they would not have had if the offside had been called Competitions using VAR editCompetitions which include VAR confirmed matches are live matches i e where the VARs have contact with the referee on the field of play and therefore may have an impact on the decision making 88 There is also an idea of implementing VAR in futsal matches 89 Club competitions edit International edit FIFA FIFA Club World Cup FIFA Intercontinental Cup UEFA CONMEBOL Under 20 Intercontinental Cup Continental edit nbsp VAR in use in the UEFA Champions League group stage in 2019 by Cuneyt Cakir AFC AFC Champions League Elite a AFC Cup b AFC Champions League 2 AFC Challenge League CAF CAF Champions League b CAF Super Cup CAF Confederation Cup b African Football League CAF Women s Champions League b CONCACAF CONCACAF Champions Cup Leagues Cup CONMEBOL CONMEBOL Copa Libertadores CONMEBOL Recopa CONMEBOL Copa Sudamericana CONMEBOL Copa Libertadores Sub 20 c CONMEBOL Copa Libertadores Femenina d UEFA UEFA Champions League UEFA Super Cup UEFA Europa League UEFA Europa Conference League UEFA Youth League e UEFA Women s Champions League c Regional edit UAFA Arab Club Champions Cup Domestic leagues edit nbsp Kategoria Superiore nbsp Algerian Ligue 1 nbsp AFA Argentine Primera Division nbsp Football Federation of Armenia Armenian Premier League nbsp nbsp Australian Professional Leagues A League Men nbsp Osterreichische Fussball Bundesliga Austrian Bundesliga nbsp Azerbaijan Premier League nbsp RBFA Pro League nbsp Bolivian Primera Division nbsp CBF Brasileirao Brasileirao Feminino A1 f Brasileirao Serie B Brasileirao Feminino A2 g Brasileirao Serie C f Brasileirao Serie D h Brasileirao Sub 20 g Brasileirao Sub 17 g nbsp FAF Alagoas Campeonato Alagoano i nbsp FAF Amazonas Campeonato Amazonense g nbsp FBF Bahia Campeonato Baiano i nbsp FCF Santa Catarina Campeonato Catarinense j nbsp FCF Ceara Campeonato Cearense i nbsp FERJ Rio de Janeiro Campeonato Carioca nbsp FES Espirito Santo Campeonato Capixaba i nbsp FFDF Federal District Campeonato Candango i nbsp FGF Rio Grande do Sul Campeonato Gaucho k nbsp FGF Goias Campeonato Goiano nbsp FMF Maranhao Campeonato Maranhense g nbsp FMF Minais Gerais Campeonato Mineiro nbsp FNF Rio Grande do Norte Campeonato Potiguar g nbsp FPF Para Campeonato Paraense i nbsp FPF Paraiba Campeonato Paraibano g nbsp FPF Parana Campeonato Paranaense i nbsp FPF Pernambuco Campeonato Pernambucano l nbsp FPF Sao Paulo Campeonato Paulista Campeonato Paulista Feminino f Campeonato Paulista Serie A2 f nbsp FRF Roraima Campeonato Roraimense g nbsp FSF Sergipe Campeonato Sergipano i nbsp Bulgarian First League nbsp ANFP Chilean Primera Division nbsp CFA Chinese Super League Chinese League One nbsp DIMAYOR Categoria Primera A nbsp HNL nbsp Cypriot First Division nbsp Czech First League nbsp DBU Danish Superliga nbsp Ecuadorian Football Federation Ecuadorian Serie A Ecuadorian Serie B nbsp EFA Egyptian Premier League nbsp nbsp Premier League nbsp nbsp EFL Championship g League One g League Two g nbsp EJL Meistriliiga nbsp Ligue de Football Professionnel Ligue 1 Ligue 2 m nbsp FFF Division 1 Feminine f nbsp Erovnuli Liga nbsp Deutsche Fussball Liga Bundesliga 2 Bundesliga nbsp Greek Super League Super League 1 nbsp HKFA Hong Kong Premier League nbsp MLSZ Nemzeti Bajnoksag I nbsp Liga Indonesia Baru Liga 1 n nbsp Iran Football League Organization Persian Gulf Pro League nbsp Iraq Stars League nbsp Israeli Premier League nbsp Lega Serie A Serie A nbsp Lega B Serie B nbsp Lega Italiana Calcio Professionistico Serie C o nbsp J League J1 League J2 League nbsp Kazakh Premier League nbsp Kosovar Superleague nbsp Kuwaiti Premier League nbsp Kuwaiti Division One nbsp Virsliga nbsp Libyan Premier League nbsp A Lyga nbsp Malaysian Football League Malaysia Super League nbsp Mexican Football Federation Liga MX Liga MX Femenil p nbsp FRMF Botola nbsp KNVB Eredivisie Eerste Divisie q nbsp Nigeria Professional Football League nbsp NFF Eliteserien nbsp Omani Professional League nbsp Paraguayan Primera Division nbsp Liga 1 nbsp Ekstraklasa nbsp PZPN I Liga II Liga r nbsp Liga Portugal Liga Portugal 1 Liga Portugal 2 nbsp FPF Liga 3 s Campeonato Nacional Feminino nbsp QFA Qatar Stars League Qatari Second Division nbsp LPF Liga I nbsp RFU Russian Premier League Russian First League t nbsp SAFF Saudi Pro League Saudi First Division League nbsp SPFL Scottish Premiership nbsp FSS Serbian SuperLiga nbsp FAS Singapore Premier League nbsp K League K League 1 K League 2 nbsp Slovak Super Liga u nbsp PrvaLiga nbsp LaLiga La Liga La Liga 2 nbsp ASF SFV Swiss Super League nbsp Tajik Higher League nbsp Thai League Thai League 1 nbsp Tunisian Ligue 1 nbsp TFF Super Lig TFF 1 Lig TFF 2 Lig g TFF 3 Lig v Super Lig Women g nbsp UAE Pro League nbsp Ukrainian Premier League nbsp Ukrainian First League nbsp nbsp Major League Soccer nbsp National Women s Soccer League nbsp Uruguayan Primera Division nbsp Uzbekistan Super League nbsp V League 1 Domestic cups edit nbsp Albanian Cup w nbsp Albanian Super Cup nbsp Algerian Cup w nbsp nbsp Football Australia Australia Cup x nbsp Austrian Cup w nbsp Copa de la Liga Profesional nbsp Trofeo de Campeones nbsp Supercopa Argentina nbsp RBFA Belgian Cup w Belgian Super Cup nbsp CBF Copa do Brasil y Supercopa do Brasil Supercopa do Brasil de Futebol Feminino e Copa do Nordeste c Copa Verde z Copa do Brasil Sub 20 z nbsp FPF Sao Paulo Copa Paulista e Copinha e Copinha Feminina pt z nbsp Bulgarian Cup nbsp Bulgarian Supercup nbsp Copa Chile e nbsp Supercopa de Chile nbsp Cypriot Super Cup nbsp DBU DBU Pokalen e Kvindepokalen z nbsp EFA Egypt Cup Egyptian Super Cup nbsp Egyptian Professional Football Clubs Association Egyptian League Cup nbsp nbsp The Football Association FA Cup aa Women s FA Cup z Women s League Cup z FA Community Shield nbsp nbsp EFL EFL Cup e nbsp FFF Coupe de France ab Coupe de France Feminine z nbsp Ligue de Football Professionnel Trophee des Champions nbsp DFB DFB Pokal ab DFB Pokal Frauen z nbsp Deutsche Fussball Liga DFL Supercup nbsp Greek Football Cup ab nbsp Hong Kong FA Cup nbsp Hong Kong Sapling Cup e nbsp Hong Kong Senior Challenge Shield e nbsp Santosh Trophy e nbsp Israeli Cup nbsp Israeli Super Cup nbsp Lega Serie A Coppa Italia ac Supercoppa Italiana nbsp Coppa Italia Serie C z nbsp JFA Emperor s Cup e nbsp J League J League Cup w Japanese Super Cup nbsp Kazakh Cup nbsp Kazakh Super Cup nbsp Kosovar Cup e nbsp Kuwaiti Emir Cup nbsp Kuwaiti Crown Prince Cup nbsp Kuwaiti Federation Cup nbsp Kuwaiti Super Cup nbsp Moroccan Throne Cup e nbsp KNVB KNVB Cup Johan Cruyff Shield nbsp Malaysia FA Cup nbsp Malaysia Cup nbsp Malaysian Charity Shield nbsp NFF NM Cupen z NM Cupen Women z nbsp His Majesty s Cup nbsp Polish Cup nbsp Polish Super Cup nbsp FPF Taca de Portugal ab Supertaca de Portugal Taca de Portugal Feminina ab Taca da Liga Feminina Supertaca de Portugal Feminina nbsp Liga Portugal Taca da Liga nbsp Qatari Emir Cup nbsp Qatari FA Cup nbsp Qatari Stars Cup nbsp Romanian Cup ad nbsp Romanian Super Cup nbsp Russian Cup ae nbsp Russian Super Cup nbsp King s Cup nbsp Saudi Super Cup nbsp Scottish Football Association Scottish Cup af Scottish Women s Cup z nbsp SPFL SPFL League Cup e nbsp FSS Serbian Cup w nbsp KFA Korean FA Cup e nbsp RFEF Copa del Rey ab Supercopa de Espana Copa de la Reina z Supercopa de Espana Femenina nbsp Thai FA Cup z nbsp Thai League Cup z nbsp Thailand Champions Cup nbsp Tunisian Cup nbsp TFF Turkish Cup ab Turkish Super Cup nbsp Ukrainian Cup nbsp Ukrainian Super Cup nbsp USSF US Open Cup e nbsp NWSL Challenge Cup nbsp Supercopa Uruguaya nbsp Vietnamese Super Cup nbsp ABSA Cup z National team competitions edit International edit nbsp VAR in use at the 2019 FIFA Women s World Cup in France FIFA FIFA World Cup Qualification ag FIFA Arab Cup FIFA Series FIFA U 20 World Cup FIFA U 17 World Cup FIFA Women s World Cup Qualification ah FIFA U 20 Women s World Cup FIFA U 17 Women s World Cup IOC Football at the Summer Olympics CONMEBOL UEFA Finalissima Women s Finalissima Continental edit AFC AFC Asian Cup AFC U 23 Asian Cup AFC Women s Asian Cup c CAF CAF Africa Cup of Nations CAF African Nations Championship CAF U 23 Africa Cup of Nations CAF U 20 Africa Cup of Nations CAF U 17 Africa Cup of Nations CAF Women s Africa Cup of Nations CONCACAF CONCACAF Gold Cup Qualification CONCACAF Nations League ai CONCACAF U 20 Championship CONCACAF W Gold Cup CONCACAF Women s Championship CONCACAF Women s U 20 Championship CONMEBOL CONMEBOL Copa America CONMEBOL Preolimpico aj CONMEBOL Copa America Feminina z CONMEBOL Sudamericano Sub 17 Feminino aj UEFA UEFA European Championship Qualification UEFA Nations League UEFA European Under 21 Championship c UEFA Women s Championship UEFA Women s Nations League ak Regional edit AFF ASEAN Championship AGCFF Arabian Gulf Cup COSAFA COSAFA Women s Championship EAFF EAFF E 1 Football ChampionshipSee also editGoal line technology Instant replay describes other sports using video refereesNotes edit League stage onwards a b c d Group stage onwards a b c d e Knockout stage and the final only Semi finals 3rd place play off and the final only a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Semi finals and the final only a b c d e Final stage only a b c d e f g h i j k l m Play off final only Round of 16 in the play off round onwards only a b c d e f g h Semi finals and final of the play off round only Semi finals and final of the play off round and where requested and paid for by the clubs Play off round only Quarter finals in the play off round onwards only Starting in 2024 25 season Starting at Championship Series in 2023 24 season 90 Promotion play offs semi final and final only Liguilla only Promotion relegation play offs only Promotion play offs only Promotion stage only Only for selected matches Only 2 selected matches a week Play off finals only a b c d e f Quarter finals onwards Certain finals only 91 Round of 32 ties until the final only a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Final only Third fourth and fifth round ties Premier League stadiums only until the semi finals only a b c d e f g Round of 8 ties until the final only Entire tournament bar the preliminary round Group stage onwards Liga I stadiums only Group stage onwards Russian Premier League path selected matches of regions path Fourth round onwards only at Premiership stadiums for televised matches or where agreed plus the semi finals and final All games UEFA and CONMEBOL Third Round onwards AFC Third Round only CONCACAF and CAF and inter confederation play offs Play offs only UEFA and inter confederation play offs Quarter finals onwards a b Final stage only Final four onlyReferences edit a b c d Video Assistant Referee VAR inside fifa com Retrieved 15 April 2024 Historic step for greater fairness in football International Football Association Board 3 March 2018 Archived from the original on 21 July 2018 Retrieved 3 March 2021 Staff writers 20 June 2018 World Cup 2018 VAR helps tournament reach 10 penalties so is it working BBC Sport Archived from the original on 29 May 2019 Retrieved 29 May 2019 Staff S V G 12 October 2018 EVS Xeebra Replay System Facilitates VAR Implementation for Copa do Brasil Tournament Sports Video Group Archived from the original on 29 May 2019 Retrieved 29 May 2019 a b c d video assistant referees vars Protocol International Football Association Board 26 April 2017 Archived from the original on 8 May 2019 Retrieved 26 April 2017 VIDEO 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Protocol Summary from IFAB VAR The System Explained from FIFA What is VAR Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Video assistant referee amp oldid 1221061611, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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