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Manchester United F.C.

January 16, 2023

"MUFC" redirects here. For other uses, see MUFC (disambiguation).
This article is about the men's professional football team. For the women's team associated to the same club, see Manchester United W.F.C. For the independent club established by supporters, see F.C. United of Manchester.

Manchester United Football Club, commonly referred to as Man United (often stylised as Man Utd), or simply United, is a professional football club based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England. The club competes in the Premier League, the top division in the English football league system. Nicknamed the Red Devils, it was founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878, but changed its name to Manchester United in 1902. The club moved from Newton Heath to its current stadium, Old Trafford, in 1910.

Manchester United
Full nameManchester United Football Club
Nickname(s)The Red Devils[1]
United
Short nameMan United[2][3]
Man Utd
Man U
Founded1878; 145 years ago (1878), as Newton Heath LYR F.C.
1902; 121 years ago (1902), as Manchester United F.C.
StadiumOld Trafford
Capacity74,310[4]
OwnerManchester United plc (NYSE: MANU)
Co-chairmenJoel and Avram Glazer
ManagerErik ten Hag
LeaguePremier League
2021–22Premier League, 6th of 20
WebsiteClub website
Current season

Manchester United have won a record 20 League titles, 12 FA Cups, five League Cups, and a record 21 FA Community Shields. They have won the European Cup/UEFA Champions League three times, and the UEFA Europa League, the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, the UEFA Super Cup, the Intercontinental Cup and the FIFA Club World Cup once each.[5][6] In 1968, under the management of Matt Busby, 10 years after eight of the club's players were killed in the Munich air disaster, they became the first English club to win the European Cup. Alex Ferguson is the club's longest-serving and most successful manager, winning 38 trophies, including 13 league titles, five FA Cups, and two Champions League titles between 1986 and 2013.[7][8] In the 1998–99 season, under Ferguson, the club became the first in the history of English football to achieve the European treble of the Premier League, FA Cup, and UEFA Champions League.[9] In winning the UEFA Europa League under José Mourinho in 2016–17, they became one of five clubs to have won the original three main UEFA club competitions (the Champions League, Europa League and Cup Winners' Cup).

Manchester United is one of the most widely supported football clubs in the world[10][11] and has rivalries with Liverpool, Manchester City, Arsenal and Leeds United. Manchester United was the highest-earning football club in the world for 2016–17, with an annual revenue of €676.3 million,[12] and the world's third most valuable football club in 2019, valued at £3.15 billion ($3.81 billion).[13] After being floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1991, the club was taken private in 2005 after a purchase by American businessman Malcolm Glazer valued at almost £800 million, of which over £500 million of borrowed money became the club's debt.[14] From 2012, some shares of the club were listed on the New York Stock Exchange, although the Glazer family retains overall ownership and control of the club.

History

See also: List of Manchester United F.C. seasons
 
A chart showing the progress of Manchester United through the English football league system from joining as Newton Heath in 1892–93 to the present.

Early years (1878–1945)

Main article: History of Manchester United F.C. (1878–1945)

Manchester United was formed in 1878 as Newton Heath LYR Football Club by the Carriage and Wagon department of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (LYR) depot at Newton Heath.[15] The team initially played games against other departments and railway companies, but on 20 November 1880, they competed in their first recorded match; wearing the colours of the railway company – green and gold – they were defeated 6–0 by Bolton Wanderers' reserve team.[16] By 1888, the club had become a founding member of The Combination, a regional football league. Following the league's dissolution after only one season, Newton Heath joined the newly formed Football Alliance, which ran for three seasons before being merged with The Football League. This resulted in the club starting the 1892–93 season in the First Division, by which time it had become independent of the railway company and dropped the "LYR" from its name.[15] After two seasons, the club was relegated to the Second Division.[15]

 
The Manchester United team at the start of the 1905–06 season, in which they were runners-up in the Second Division

In January 1902, with debts of £2,670 – equivalent to £310,000 in 2023[nb 1] – the club was served with a winding-up order.[17] Captain Harry Stafford found four local businessmen, including John Henry Davies (who became club president), each willing to invest £500 in return for a direct interest in running the club and who subsequently changed the name;[18] on 24 April 1902, Manchester United was officially born.[19][nb 2] Under Ernest Mangnall, who assumed managerial duties in 1903, the team finished as Second Division runners-up in 1906 and secured promotion to the First Division, which they won in 1908 – the club's first league title. The following season began with victory in the first ever Charity Shield[20] and ended with the club's first FA Cup title. Manchester United won the First Division for the second time in 1911, but at the end of the following season, Mangnall left the club to join Manchester City.[21]

In 1922, three years after the resumption of football following the First World War, the club was relegated to the Second Division, where it remained until regaining promotion in 1925. Relegated again in 1931, Manchester United became a yo-yo club, achieving its all-time lowest position of 20th place in the Second Division in 1934. Following the death of principal benefactor John Henry Davies in October 1927, the club's finances deteriorated to the extent that Manchester United would likely have gone bankrupt had it not been for James W. Gibson, who, in December 1931, invested £2,000 and assumed control of the club.[22] In the 1938–39 season, the last year of football before the Second World War, the club finished 14th in the First Division.[22]

Busby years (1945–1969)

Main article: History of Manchester United F.C. (1945–1969)
 
The Busby Babes in 1955. Manager Matt Busby is pictured front right.

In October 1945, the impending resumption of football after the war led to the managerial appointment of Matt Busby, who demanded an unprecedented level of control over team selection, player transfers and training sessions.[23] Busby led the team to second-place league finishes in 1947, 1948 and 1949, and to FA Cup victory in 1948. In 1952, the club won the First Division, its first league title for 41 years.[24] They then won back-to-back league titles in 1956 and 1957; the squad, who had an average age of 22, were nicknamed "the Busby Babes" by the media, a testament to Busby's faith in his youth players.[25] In 1957, Manchester United became the first English team to compete in the European Cup, despite objections from The Football League, who had denied Chelsea the same opportunity the previous season.[26] En route to the semi-final, which they lost to Real Madrid, the team recorded a 10–0 victory over Belgian champions Anderlecht, which remains the club's biggest victory on record.[27]

 
A plaque at Old Trafford in memory of those who died in the Munich air disaster, including players' names

The following season, on the way home from a European Cup quarter-final victory against Red Star Belgrade, the aircraft carrying the Manchester United players, officials and journalists crashed while attempting to take off after refuelling in Munich, Germany. The Munich air disaster of 6 February 1958 claimed 23 lives, including those of eight players – Geoff Bent, Roger Byrne, Eddie Colman, Duncan Edwards, Mark Jones, David Pegg, Tommy Taylor and Billy Whelan – and injured several more.[28][29]

 
The United Trinity statue of George Best (left), Denis Law (centre) and Bobby Charlton (right) outside Old Trafford

Assistant manager Jimmy Murphy took over as manager while Busby recovered from his injuries and the club's makeshift side reached the FA Cup final, which they lost to Bolton Wanderers. In recognition of the team's tragedy, UEFA invited the club to compete in the 1958–59 European Cup alongside eventual League champions Wolverhampton Wanderers. Despite approval from The Football Association, The Football League determined that the club should not enter the competition, since it had not qualified.[30][31] Busby rebuilt the team through the 1960s by signing players such as Denis Law and Pat Crerand, who combined with the next generation of youth players – including George Best – to win the FA Cup in 1963. The following season, they finished second in the league, then won the title in 1965 and 1967. In 1968, Manchester United became the first English club to win the European Cup, beating Benfica 4–1 in the final[32] with a team that contained three European Footballers of the Year: Bobby Charlton, Denis Law and George Best.[33] They then represented Europe in the 1968 Intercontinental Cup against Estudiantes of Argentina, but lost the tie after losing the first leg in Buenos Aires, before a 1–1 draw at Old Trafford three weeks later. Busby resigned as manager in 1969 before being replaced by the reserve team coach, former Manchester United player Wilf McGuinness.[34]

1969–1986

Main article: History of Manchester United F.C. (1969–1986)
 
Bryan Robson was the captain of Manchester United for 12 years, longer than any other player.[35]

Following an eighth-place finish in the 1969–70 season and a poor start to the 1970–71 season, Busby was persuaded to temporarily resume managerial duties, and McGuinness returned to his position as reserve team coach. In June 1971, Frank O'Farrell was appointed as manager, but lasted less than 18 months before being replaced by Tommy Docherty in December 1972.[36] Docherty saved Manchester United from relegation that season, only to see them relegated in 1974; by that time the trio of Best, Law, and Charlton had left the club.[32] The team won promotion at the first attempt and reached the FA Cup final in 1976, but were beaten by Southampton. They reached the final again in 1977, beating Liverpool 2–1. Docherty was dismissed shortly afterwards, following the revelation of his affair with the club physiotherapist's wife.[34][37]

Dave Sexton replaced Docherty as manager in the summer of 1977. Despite major signings, including Joe Jordan, Gordon McQueen, Gary Bailey, and Ray Wilkins, the team failed to win any trophies; they finished second in 1979–80 and lost to Arsenal in the 1979 FA Cup Final. Sexton was dismissed in 1981, even though the team won the last seven games under his direction.[38] He was replaced by Ron Atkinson, who immediately broke the British record transfer fee to sign Bryan Robson from his former club West Bromwich Albion. Under Atkinson, Manchester United won the FA Cup in 1983 and 1985 and beat rivals Liverpool to win the 1983 Charity Shield. In 1985–86, after 13 wins and two draws in its first 15 matches, the club was favourite to win the league but finished in fourth place. The following season, with the club in danger of relegation by November, Atkinson was dismissed.[39]

Ferguson years (1986–2013)

Main article: History of Manchester United F.C. (1986–2013)
 
Alex Ferguson managed the team between 1986 and 2013.

Alex Ferguson and his assistant Archie Knox arrived from Aberdeen on the day of Atkinson's dismissal,[40] and guided the club to an 11th-place finish in the league.[41] Despite a second-place finish in 1987–88, the club was back in 11th place the following season.[42] Reportedly on the verge of being dismissed, Ferguson's job was saved by victory over Crystal Palace in the 1990 FA Cup Final.[43][44] The following season, Manchester United claimed their first UEFA Cup Winners' Cup title. That triumph allowed the club to compete in the European Super Cup for the first time, where United beat European Cup holders Red Star Belgrade 1–0 at Old Trafford. The club appeared in two consecutive League Cup finals in 1991 and 1992, beating Nottingham Forest 1–0 in the second to claim that competition for the first time as well.[39] In 1993, the club won its first league title since 1967, and a year later, for the first time since 1957, it won a second consecutive title – alongside the FA Cup – to complete the first "Double" in the club's history.[39] United then became the first English club to do the Double twice when they won both competitions again in 1995–96,[45] before retaining the league title once more in 1996–97 with a game to spare.[46]

 
Front three: Manchester United's treble medals of the 1998–99 season are displayed at the club's museum.

In the 1998–99 season, Manchester United became the first team to win the Premier League, FA Cup and UEFA Champions League – "The Treble" – in the same season.[47] Losing 1–0 going into injury time in the 1999 UEFA Champions League Final, Teddy Sheringham and Ole Gunnar Solskjær scored late goals to claim a dramatic victory over Bayern Munich, in what is considered one of the greatest comebacks of all time.[48] That summer, Ferguson received a knighthood for his services to football.[49]

In November 1999, the club became the only British team to ever win the Intercontinental Cup with a 1–0 victory over the strong 1999 Copa Libertadores winners Palmeiras in Tokyo. The Red Devils counted on an unexpected goalkeeper fail by future 2002 FIFA World Cup winner Marcos and a disallowed goal scored by Alex to win the game.[50]

 
Ryan Giggs is the most decorated player in English football history.[51]

Manchester United won the league again in the 1999–2000 and 2000–01 seasons, becoming only the fourth club to win the English title three times in a row. The team finished third in 2001–02, before regaining the title in 2002–03.[52] They won the 2003–04 FA Cup, beating Millwall 3–0 in the final at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff to lift the trophy for a record 11th time.[53] In the 2005–06 season, Manchester United failed to qualify for the knockout phase of the UEFA Champions League for the first time in over a decade,[54] but recovered to secure a second-place league finish and victory over Wigan Athletic in the 2006 Football League Cup Final. The club regained the Premier League title in the 2006–07 season, before completing the European double in 2007–08 with a 6–5 penalty shoot-out victory over Chelsea in the 2008 UEFA Champions League Final in Moscow to go with their 17th English league title. Ryan Giggs made a record 759th appearance for the club in that game, overtaking previous record holder Bobby Charlton.[55] In December 2008, the club became the first British team to win the FIFA Club World Cup and followed this with the 2008–09 Football League Cup, and its third successive Premier League title.[56][57] That summer, forward Cristiano Ronaldo was sold to Real Madrid for a world record £80 million.[58] In 2010, Manchester United defeated Aston Villa 2–1 at Wembley to retain the League Cup, its first successful defence of a knockout cup competition.[59]

After finishing as runners-up to Chelsea in the 2009–10 season, United achieved a record 19th league title in 2010–11, securing the championship with a 1–1 away draw against Blackburn Rovers on 14 May 2011.[60] This was extended to 20 league titles in 2012–13, securing the championship with a 3–0 home win against Aston Villa on 22 April 2013.[61]

2013–present

On 8 May 2013, Ferguson announced that he was to retire as manager at the end of the football season, but would remain at the club as a director and club ambassador.[62][63] He retired as the most decorated manager in football history.[64][65] The club announced the next day that Everton manager David Moyes would replace him from 1 July, having signed a six-year contract.[66][67][68] Ryan Giggs took over as interim player-manager 10 months later, on 22 April 2014, when Moyes was sacked after a poor season in which the club failed to defend their Premier League title and failed to qualify for the UEFA Champions League for the first time since 1995–96.[69] They also failed to qualify for the Europa League, meaning that it was the first time Manchester United had not qualified for a European competition since 1990.[70] On 19 May 2014, it was confirmed that Louis van Gaal would replace Moyes as Manchester United manager on a three-year deal, with Giggs as his assistant.[71] Malcolm Glazer, the patriarch of the family that owns the club, died on 28 May 2014.[72]

 
Wayne Rooney receiving an award for becoming the club's record goalscorer from previous record holder Sir Bobby Charlton in January 2017

Under Van Gaal, United won a 12th FA Cup, but a disappointing slump in the middle of his second season led to rumours of the board sounding out potential replacements.[73] Van Gaal was ultimately sacked just two days after the cup final victory, with United having finished fifth in the league.[74] Former Porto, Chelsea, Inter Milan and Real Madrid manager José Mourinho was appointed in his place on 27 May 2016.[75] Mourinho signed a three-year contract, and in his first season won the FA Community Shield, EFL Cup and UEFA Europa League. Wayne Rooney scored his 250th goal for United, a stoppage-time equaliser in a league game against Stoke City in January 2017, surpassing Sir Bobby Charlton as the club's all-time top scorer.[76] The following season, United finished second in the league – their highest league placing since 2013 – but were still 19 points behind rivals Manchester City. Mourinho also guided the club to a 19th FA Cup Final, but they lost 1–0 to Chelsea. On 18 December 2018, with United in sixth place in the Premier League table, 19 points behind leaders Liverpool and 11 points outside the Champions League places, Mourinho was sacked after 144 games in charge. The following day, former United striker Ole Gunnar Solskjær was appointed as caretaker manager until the end of the season.[77] On 28 March 2019, after winning 14 of his first 19 matches in charge, Solskjær was appointed permanent manager on a three-year deal.[78]

On 18 April 2021, Manchester United announced they were joining 11 other European clubs as founding members of the European Super League, a proposed 20-team competition intended to rival the UEFA Champions League.[79] The announcement drew a significant backlash from supporters, other clubs, media partners, sponsors, players and the UK Government, forcing the club to withdraw just two days later.[80][81][82][83][84] The failure of the project led to the resignation of executive vice-chairman Ed Woodward, while resultant protests against Woodward and the Glazer family led to a pitch invasion ahead of a league match against Liverpool on 2 May 2021, which saw the first postponement of a Premier League game due to supporter protests in the competition's history.[85][86]

On the pitch, United equalled their own record for the biggest win in Premier League history with a 9–0 win over Southampton on 2 February 2021,[87] but ended the season with defeat on penalties in the UEFA Europa League Final against Villarreal, going four straight seasons without a trophy.[88] On 20 November 2021, Solskjær left his role as manager.[89] Former midfielder Michael Carrick took charge for the next three games, before the appointment of Ralf Rangnick as interim manager until the end of the season.[90]

On 21 April 2022, Erik ten Hag was appointed as the manager from the end of the 2021–22 season, signing a contract until June 2025 with the option of extending for a further year.[91] On 23 May 2022, Mitchell van der Gaag and Steve McClaren were confirmed as Ten Hag's assistant coaches.[92]

Crest and colours

 
The first logo of the club of 1878, still under the "Newton Heath L&YR F.C." name
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Manchester United F.C. kits.

The club crest is derived from the Manchester City Council coat of arms, although all that remains of it on the current crest is the ship in full sail.[93] The devil stems from the club's nickname "The Red Devils"; it was included on club programmes and scarves in the 1960s, and incorporated into the club crest in 1970, although the crest was not included on the chest of the shirt until 1971.[93] In 1975, the red devil ("A devil facing the sinister guardant supporting with both hands a trident gules") was granted as a heraldic badge by the College of Arms to the English Football League for use by Manchester United.[94]

Newton Heath's uniform in 1879, four years before the club played its first competitive match, has been documented as 'white with blue cord'.[95] A photograph of the Newton Heath team, taken in 1892, is believed to show the players wearing red-and-white quartered jerseys and navy blue knickerbockers.[96] Between 1894 and 1896, the players wore green and gold jerseys[96] which were replaced in 1896 by white shirts, which were worn with navy blue shorts.[96]

After the name change in 1902, the club colours were changed to red shirts, white shorts, and black socks, which has become the standard Manchester United home kit.[96] Very few changes were made to the kit until 1922 when the club adopted white shirts bearing a deep red "V" around the neck, similar to the shirt worn in the 1909 FA Cup Final. They remained part of their home kits until 1927.[96] For a period in 1934, the cherry and white hooped change shirt became the home colours, but the following season the red shirt was recalled after the club's lowest ever league placing of 20th in the Second Division and the hooped shirt dropped back to being the change.[96]

 
Manchester United badge in the 1960s

The black socks were changed to white from 1959 to 1965, where they were replaced with red socks up until 1971 with white used on occasion, when the club reverted to black. Black shorts and white socks are sometimes worn with the home strip, most often in away games, if there is a clash with the opponent's kit. For 2018–19, black shorts and red socks became the primary choice for the home kit.[97] Since 1997–98, white socks have been the preferred choice for European games, which are typically played on weeknights, to aid with player visibility.[98] The current home kit is a red shirt with the trademark Adidas three stripes in red on the shoulders, white shorts, and black socks.[99]

The Manchester United away strip has often been a white shirt, black shorts and white socks, but there have been several exceptions. These include an all-black strip with blue and gold trimmings between 1993 and 1995, the navy blue shirt with silver horizontal pinstripes worn during the 1999–2000 season,[100] and the 2011–12 away kit, which had a royal blue body and sleeves with hoops made of small midnight navy blue and black stripes, with black shorts and blue socks.[101] An all-grey away kit worn during the 1995–96 season was dropped after just five games; in its final outing against Southampton, Alex Ferguson instructed the team to change into the third kit during half-time. The reason for dropping it being that the players claimed to have trouble finding their teammates against the crowd, United failed to win a competitive game in the kit in five attempts.[102] In 2001, to celebrate 100 years as "Manchester United", a reversible white and gold away kit was released, although the actual match day shirts were not reversible.[103]

The club's third kit is often all-blue; this was most recently the case during the 2014–15 season.[104] Exceptions include a green-and-gold halved shirt worn between 1992 and 1994, a blue-and-white striped shirt worn during the 1994–95 and 1995–96 seasons and once in 1996–97, an all-black kit worn during the Treble-winning 1998–99 season, and a white shirt with black-and-red horizontal pinstripes worn between 2003–04 and 2005–06.[105] From 2006–07 to 2013–14, the third kit was the previous season's away kit, albeit updated with the new club sponsor in 2006–07 and 2010–11, apart from the 2008–09 season, when an all-blue kit was launched to mark the 40th anniversary of the 1967–68 European Cup success.[106]

Grounds

 
United's current ground, Old Trafford, after its expansion in 2006

1878–1893: North Road

Main article: North Road (Manchester)

Newton Heath initially played on a field on North Road, close to the railway yard; the original capacity was about 12,000, but club officials deemed the facilities inadequate for a club hoping to join The Football League.[107] Some expansion took place in 1887, and in 1891, Newton Heath used its minimal financial reserves to purchase two grandstands, each able to hold 1,000 spectators.[108] Although attendances were not recorded for many of the earliest matches at North Road, the highest documented attendance was approximately 15,000 for a First Division match against Sunderland on 4 March 1893.[109] A similar attendance was also recorded for a friendly match against Gorton Villa on 5 September 1889.[110]

1893–1910: Bank Street

Main article: Bank Street (football ground)

In June 1893, after the club was evicted from North Road by its owners, Manchester Deans and Canons, who felt it was inappropriate for the club to charge an entry fee to the ground, secretary A. H. Albut procured the use of the Bank Street ground in Clayton.[111] It initially had no stands, by the start of the 1893–94 season, two had been built; one spanning the full length of the pitch on one side and the other behind the goal at the "Bradford end". At the opposite end, the "Clayton end", the ground had been "built up, thousands thus being provided for".[111] Newton Heath's first league match at Bank Street was played against Burnley on 1 September 1893, when 10,000 people saw Alf Farman score a hat-trick, Newton Heath's only goals in a 3–2 win. The remaining stands were completed for the following league game against Nottingham Forest three weeks later.[111] In October 1895, before the visit of Manchester City, the club purchased a 2,000-capacity stand from the Broughton Rangers rugby league club, and put up another stand on the "reserved side" (as distinct from the "popular side"); however, weather restricted the attendance for the Manchester City match to just 12,000.[112]

When the Bank Street ground was temporarily closed by bailiffs in 1902, club captain Harry Stafford raised enough money to pay for the club's next away game at Bristol City and found a temporary ground at Harpurhey for the next reserves game against Padiham.[113] Following financial investment, new club president John Henry Davies paid £500 for the erection of a new 1,000-seat stand at Bank Street.[114] Within four years, the stadium had cover on all four sides, as well as the ability to hold approximately 50,000 spectators, some of whom could watch from the viewing gallery atop the Main Stand.[114]

1910–present: Old Trafford

Main article: Old Trafford

Following Manchester United's first league title in 1908 and the FA Cup a year later, it was decided that Bank Street was too restrictive for Davies' ambition;[114] in February 1909, six weeks before the club's first FA Cup title, Old Trafford was named as the home of Manchester United, following the purchase of land for around £60,000. Architect Archibald Leitch was given a budget of £30,000 for construction; original plans called for seating capacity of 100,000, though budget constraints forced a revision to 77,000.[115][116] The building was constructed by Messrs Brameld and Smith of Manchester. The stadium's record attendance was registered on 25 March 1939, when an FA Cup semi-final between Wolverhampton Wanderers and Grimsby Town drew 76,962 spectators.[117]

Bombing in the Second World War destroyed much of the stadium; the central tunnel in the South Stand was all that remained of that quarter. After the war, the club received compensation from the War Damage Commission in the amount of £22,278. While reconstruction took place, the team played its "home" games at Manchester City's Maine Road ground; Manchester United was charged £5,000 per year, plus a nominal percentage of gate receipts.[118] Later improvements included the addition of roofs, first to the Stretford End and then to the North and East Stands. The roofs were supported by pillars that obstructed many fans' views, and they were eventually replaced with a cantilevered structure. The Stretford End was the last stand to receive a cantilevered roof, completed in time for the 1993–94 season.[34] First used on 25 March 1957 and costing £40,000, four 180-foot (55 m) pylons were erected, each housing 54 individual floodlights. These were dismantled in 1987 and replaced by a lighting system embedded in the roof of each stand, which remains in use today.[119]

The Taylor Report's requirement for an all-seater stadium lowered capacity at Old Trafford to around 44,000 by 1993. In 1995, the North Stand was redeveloped into three tiers, restoring capacity to approximately 55,000. At the end of the 1998–99 season, second tiers were added to the East and West Stands, raising capacity to around 67,000, and between July 2005 and May 2006, 8,000 more seats were added via second tiers in the north-west and north-east quadrants. Part of the new seating was used for the first time on 26 March 2006, when an attendance of 69,070 became a new Premier League record.[120] The record was pushed steadily upwards before reaching its peak on 31 March 2007, when 76,098 spectators saw Manchester United beat Blackburn Rovers 4–1, with just 114 seats (0.15 per cent of the total capacity of 76,212) unoccupied.[121] In 2009, reorganisation of the seating resulted in a reduction of capacity by 255 to 75,957.[122][123] Manchester United has the second highest average attendance of European football clubs only behind Borussia Dortmund.[124][125][126] In 2021 United co-chairman Joel Glazer said that "early-stage planning work" for the redevelopment of Old Trafford was underway. This followed "increasing criticism" over the lack of development of the ground since 2006.[127]

Support

 
Average Old Trafford Manchester United attendance, 1949–2009

Manchester United is one of the most popular football clubs in the world, with one of the highest average home attendances in Europe.[128] The club states that its worldwide fan base includes more than 200 officially recognised branches of the Manchester United Supporters Club (MUSC), in at least 24 countries.[129] The club takes advantage of this support through its worldwide summer tours. Accountancy firm and sports industry consultants Deloitte estimate that Manchester United has 75 million fans worldwide.[10] The club has the third highest social media following in the world among sports teams (after Barcelona and Real Madrid), with over 72 million Facebook followers as of July 2020.[11][130] A 2014 study showed that Manchester United had the loudest fans in the Premier League.[131]

Supporters are represented by two independent bodies; the Independent Manchester United Supporters' Association (IMUSA), which maintains close links to the club through the MUFC Fans Forum,[132] and the Manchester United Supporters' Trust (MUST). After the Glazer family's takeover in 2005, a group of fans formed a splinter club, F.C. United of Manchester. The West Stand of Old Trafford – the "Stretford End" – is the home end and the traditional source of the club's most vocal support.[133]

Rivalries

 
Liverpool–Manchester United match at Old Trafford on 14 March 2009

Manchester United have rivalries with Arsenal, Leeds United, Liverpool, and Manchester City, against whom they contest the Manchester derby.[134][135]

The rivalry with Liverpool is rooted in competition between the cities during the Industrial Revolution when Manchester was famous for its textile industry while Liverpool was a major port.[136] The two clubs are the most successful English teams in both domestic and international competitions; and between them they have won 39 league titles, 9 European Cups, 4 UEFA Cups, 5 UEFA Super Cups, 20 FA Cups, 14 League Cups, 2 FIFA Club World Cups, 1 Intercontinental Cup and 37 FA Community Shields.[5][137][138] Ranked the two biggest clubs in England by France Football magazine based on metrics such as fanbase and historical importance,[139] Manchester United v Liverpool is considered to be the most famous fixture in English football and one of the biggest rivalries in the football world.[140][141][142][143] No player has been transferred between the clubs since 1964.[144] Former Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson said in 2002, "My greatest challenge was knocking Liverpool right off their fucking perch".[145]

The "Roses Rivalry" with Leeds stems from the Wars of the Roses, fought between the House of Lancaster and the House of York, with Manchester United representing Lancashire and Leeds representing Yorkshire.[146]

The rivalry with Arsenal arises from the numerous times the two teams, as well as managers Alex Ferguson and Arsène Wenger, have battled for the Premier League title. With 33 titles between them (20 for Manchester United, 13 for Arsenal) this fixture has become known as one of the finest Premier League match-ups in history.[147][148]

Global brand

Manchester United has been described as a global brand; a 2011 report by Brand Finance, valued the club's trademarks and associated intellectual property at £412 million – an increase of £39 million on the previous year, valuing it at £11 million more than the second best brand, Real Madrid – and gave the brand a strength rating of AAA (Extremely Strong).[149] In July 2012, Manchester United was ranked first by Forbes magazine in its list of the ten most valuable sports team brands, valuing the Manchester United brand at $2.23 billion.[150] The club is ranked third in the Deloitte Football Money League (behind Real Madrid and Barcelona).[151] In January 2013, the club became the first sports team in the world to be valued at $3 billion.[152] Forbes magazine valued the club at $3.3 billion – $1.2 billion higher than the next most valuable sports team.[152] They were overtaken by Real Madrid for the next four years, but Manchester United returned to the top of the Forbes list in June 2017, with a valuation of $3.689 billion.[153]

 
An official partner of the club, Turkish Airlines in Manchester United livery

The core strength of Manchester United's global brand is often attributed to Matt Busby's rebuilding of the team and subsequent success following the Munich air disaster, which drew worldwide acclaim.[133] The "iconic" team included Bobby Charlton and Nobby Stiles (members of England's World Cup winning team), Denis Law and George Best. The attacking style of play adopted by this team (in contrast to the defensive-minded "catenaccio" approach favoured by the leading Italian teams of the era) "captured the imagination of the English footballing public".[154] Busby's team also became associated with the liberalisation of Western society during the 1960s; George Best, known as the "Fifth Beatle" for his iconic haircut, was the first footballer to significantly develop an off-the-field media profile.[154]

As the second English football club to float on the London Stock Exchange in 1991, the club raised significant capital, with which it further developed its commercial strategy. The club's focus on commercial and sporting success brought significant profits in an industry often characterised by chronic losses.[155] The strength of the Manchester United brand was bolstered by intense off-the-field media attention to individual players, most notably David Beckham (who quickly developed his own global brand). This attention often generates greater interest in on-the-field activities, and hence generates sponsorship opportunities – the value of which is driven by television exposure.[156] During his time with the club, Beckham's popularity across Asia was integral to the club's commercial success in that part of the world.[157]

Because higher league placement results in a greater share of television rights, success on the field generates greater income for the club. Since the inception of the Premier League, Manchester United has received the largest share of the revenue generated from the BSkyB broadcasting deal.[158] Manchester United has also consistently enjoyed the highest commercial income of any English club; in 2005–06, the club's commercial arm generated £51 million, compared to £42.5 million at Chelsea, £39.3 million at Liverpool, £34 million at Arsenal and £27.9 million at Newcastle United. A key sponsorship relationship was with sportswear company Nike, who managed the club's merchandising operation as part of a £303 million 13-year partnership between 2002 and 2015.[159] Through Manchester United Finance and the club's membership scheme, One United, those with an affinity for the club can purchase a range of branded goods and services. Additionally, Manchester United-branded media services – such as the club's dedicated television channel, MUTV – have allowed the club to expand its fan base to those beyond the reach of its Old Trafford stadium.[10]

Sponsorship

Period Kit manufacturer Shirt sponsor (chest) Shirt sponsor (sleeve)
1945–1975 Umbro — —
1975–1980 Admiral
1980–1982 Adidas
1982–1992 Sharp Electronics
1992–2000 Umbro
2000–2002 Vodafone
2002–2006 Nike
2006–2010 AIG
2010–2014 Aon
2014–2015 Chevrolet
2015–2018 Adidas
2018–2021 Kohler
2021–2022 TeamViewer
2022– DXC Technology

In an initial five-year deal worth £500,000, Sharp Electronics became the club's first shirt sponsor at the beginning of the 1982–83 season, a relationship that lasted until the end of the 1999–2000 season, when Vodafone agreed a four-year, £30 million deal.[160] Vodafone agreed to pay £36 million to extend the deal by four years, but after two seasons triggered a break clause in order to concentrate on its sponsorship of the Champions League.[160]

To commence at the start of the 2006–07 season, American insurance corporation AIG agreed a four-year £56.5 million deal which in September 2006 became the most valuable in the world.[161][162] At the beginning of the 2010–11 season, American reinsurance company Aon became the club's principal sponsor in a four-year deal reputed to be worth approximately £80 million, making it the most lucrative shirt sponsorship deal in football history.[163] Manchester United announced their first training kit sponsor in August 2011, agreeing a four-year deal with DHL reported to be worth £40 million; it is believed to be the first instance of training kit sponsorship in English football.[164][165] The DHL contract lasted for over a year before the club bought back the contract in October 2012, although they remained the club's official logistics partner.[166] The contract for the training kit sponsorship was then sold to Aon in April 2013 for a deal worth £180 million over eight years, which also included purchasing the naming rights for the Trafford Training Centre.[167]

The club's first kit manufacturer was Umbro, until a five-year deal was agreed with Admiral Sportswear in 1975.[168] Adidas received the contract in 1980,[169] before Umbro started a second spell in 1992.[170] Umbro's sponsorship lasted for ten years, followed by Nike's record-breaking £302.9 million deal that lasted until 2015; 3.8 million replica shirts were sold in the first 22 months with the company.[171][172] In addition to Nike and Chevrolet, the club also has several lower-level "platinum" sponsors, including Aon and Budweiser.[173]

On 30 July 2012, United signed a seven-year deal with American automotive corporation General Motors, which replaced Aon as the shirt sponsor from the 2014–15 season. The new $80m-a-year shirt deal is worth $559m over seven years and features the logo of General Motors brand Chevrolet.[174][175] Nike announced that they would not renew their kit supply deal with Manchester United after the 2014–15 season, citing rising costs.[176][177] Since the start of the 2015–16 season, Adidas has manufactured Manchester United's kit as part of a world-record 10-year deal worth a minimum of £750 million.[178][179] Plumbing products manufacturer Kohler became the club's first sleeve sponsor ahead of the 2018–19 season.[180] Manchester United and General Motors did not renew their sponsorship deal, and the club subsequently signed a five-year, £235m sponsorship deal with TeamViewer ahead of the 2021–22 season.[181]

Ownership and finances

Originally funded by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Company, the club became a limited company in 1892 and sold shares to local supporters for £1 via an application form.[18] In 1902, majority ownership passed to the four local businessmen who invested £500 to save the club from bankruptcy, including future club president John Henry Davies.[18] After his death in 1927, the club faced bankruptcy yet again, but was saved in December 1931 by James W. Gibson, who assumed control of the club after an investment of £2,000.[22] Gibson promoted his son, Alan, to the board in 1948,[182] but died three years later; the Gibson family retained ownership of the club through James' wife, Lillian,[183] but the position of chairman passed to former player Harold Hardman.[184]

Promoted to the board a few days after the Munich air disaster, Louis Edwards, a friend of Matt Busby, began acquiring shares in the club; for an investment of approximately £40,000, he accumulated a 54 per cent shareholding and took control in January 1964.[185] When Lillian Gibson died in January 1971, her shares passed to Alan Gibson who sold a percentage of his shares to Louis Edwards' son, Martin, in 1978; Martin Edwards went on to become chairman upon his father's death in 1980.[186] Media tycoon Robert Maxwell attempted to buy the club in 1984, but did not meet Edwards' asking price.[186] In 1989, chairman Martin Edwards attempted to sell the club to Michael Knighton for £20 million, but the sale fell through and Knighton joined the board of directors instead.[186]

Manchester United was floated on the stock market in June 1991 (raising £6.7 million),[187] and received yet another takeover bid in 1998, this time from Rupert Murdoch's British Sky Broadcasting Corporation. This resulted in the formation of Shareholders United Against Murdoch – now the Manchester United Supporters' Trust – who encouraged supporters to buy shares in the club in an attempt to block any hostile takeover. The Manchester United board accepted a £623 million offer,[188] but the takeover was blocked by the Monopolies and Mergers Commission at the final hurdle in April 1999.[189] A few years later, a power struggle emerged between the club's manager, Alex Ferguson, and his horse-racing partners, John Magnier and J. P. McManus, who had gradually become the majority shareholders. In a dispute that stemmed from contested ownership of the horse Rock of Gibraltar, Magnier and McManus attempted to have Ferguson removed from his position as manager, and the board responded by approaching investors to attempt to reduce the Irishmen's majority.[190]

Glazer ownership

See also: Glazer ownership of Manchester United

In May 2005, Malcolm Glazer purchased the 28.7 per cent stake held by McManus and Magnier, thus acquiring a controlling interest through his investment vehicle Red Football Ltd in a highly leveraged takeover valuing the club at approximately £800 million (then approx. $1.5 billion).[191] Once the purchase was complete, the club was taken off the stock exchange.[192] Much of the takeover money was borrowed by the Glazers; the debts were transferred to the club. As a result, the club went from being debt-free to being saddled with debts of £540 million, at interest rates of between 7% to 20%.[14][193][194]

In July 2006, the club announced a £660 million debt refinancing package, resulting in a 30 per cent reduction in annual interest payments to £62 million a year.[195][196] In January 2010, with debts of £716.5 million ($1.17 billion),[197] Manchester United further refinanced through a bond issue worth £504 million, enabling them to pay off most of the £509 million owed to international banks.[198] The annual interest payable on the bonds – which were to mature on 1 February 2017 – is approximately £45 million per annum.[199] Despite restructuring, the club's debt prompted protests from fans on 23 January 2010, at Old Trafford and the club's Trafford Training Centre.[200][201] Supporter groups encouraged match-going fans to wear green and gold, the colours of Newton Heath. On 30 January, reports emerged that the Manchester United Supporters' Trust had held meetings with a group of wealthy fans, dubbed the "Red Knights", with plans to buying out the Glazers' controlling interest.[202] The club's debts reached a high of £777 million in June 2007.[203]

In August 2011, the Glazers were believed to have approached Credit Suisse in preparation for a $1 billion (approx. £600 million) initial public offering (IPO) on the Singapore stock exchange that would value the club at more than £2 billion;[204] however, in July 2012, the club announced plans to list its IPO on the New York Stock Exchange instead.[205] Shares were originally set to go on sale for between $16 and $20 each, but the price was cut to $14 by the launch of the IPO on 10 August, following negative comments from Wall Street analysts and Facebook's disappointing stock market debut in May. Even after the cut, Manchester United was valued at $2.3 billion, making it the most valuable football club in the world.[206]

The New York Stock Exchange allows for different shareholders to enjoy different voting rights over the club. Shares offered to the public ("Class A") had 10 times lesser voting rights than shares retained by the Glazers ("Class B").[207] Initially in 2012, only 10% of shares were offered to the public.[208] As of 2019, the Glazers retain ultimate control over the club, with over 70% of shares, and even higher voting power.[209]

In 2012, The Guardian estimated that the club had paid a total of over £500 million in debt interest and other fees on behalf of the Glazers,[210] and in 2019, reported that the total sum paid by the club for such fees had risen to £1 billion.[194] At the end of 2019, the club had a net debt of nearly £400 million.[211]

Players

First-team squad

See also: List of Manchester United F.C. players and List of Manchester United F.C. players § Club captains
As of 22 November 2022[212]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK   ESP David de Gea
2 DF   SWE Victor Lindelöf
4 DF   ENG Phil Jones
5 DF   ENG Harry Maguire (captain)[213]
6 DF   ARG Lisandro Martínez
8 MF   POR Bruno Fernandes
9 FW   FRA Anthony Martial
10 FW   ENG Marcus Rashford
11 FW   ENG Mason Greenwood (internally suspended)[214]
12 DF   NED Tyrell Malacia
14 MF   DEN Christian Eriksen
17 MF   BRA Fred
18 MF   BRA Casemiro
19 DF   FRA Raphaël Varane
20 DF   POR Diogo Dalot
21 FW   BRA Antony

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
3 DF   CIV Eric Bailly (at Marseille until 30 June 2023)[217]
16 FW   CIV Amad Diallo (at Sunderland until 30 June 2023)[218]
26 GK   ENG Dean Henderson (at Nottingham Forest until 30 June 2023)[219]
No. Pos. Nation Player
27 DF   BRA Alex Telles (at Sevilla until 30 June 2023)[220]
46 MF   TUN Hannibal Mejbri (at Birmingham City until 30 June 2023)[221]
74 DF   ESP Álvaro Fernández (at Preston North End until 30 June 2023)[222]

Reserves and academy

Main article: Manchester United F.C. Reserves and Academy
As of 22 November 2022[223]

List of under-21s and academy players with articles

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
30 GK   ENG Nathan Bishop
35 MF   ENG Tom Huddlestone (player-coach)
51 MF   WAL Charlie Savage
52 FW   ENG Joe Hugill
56 FW   ENG Charlie McNeill
57 FW   FRA Noam Emeran
No. Pos. Nation Player
58 DF   ENG Di'Shon Bernard
63 DF   ESP Marc Jurado
64 DF   NED Björn Hardley
68 MF   NOR Isak Hansen-Aarøen
73 MF   ENG Kobbie Mainoo
75 FW   ENG Manni Norkett

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
40 GK   CZE Matěj Kovář (at Sparta Prague until 30 June 2023)[224]
41 DF   ENG Ethan Laird (at Queens Park Rangers until 30 June 2023)[225]
45 GK   NIR Dermot Mee (at Altrincham until 30 June 2023)[226]
48 DF   ENG Will Fish (at Hibernian until 30 June 2023)[227]
54 MF   NIR Ethan Galbraith (at Salford City until 30 June 2023)[228]

Player awards

  1. ^ U-23s (2016–2022)

Coaching staff

Position Staff
Manager   Erik ten Hag
Assistant coaches   Mitchell van der Gaag[229]
  Steve McClaren[229]
First-team coaches   Darren Fletcher[230]
  Benni McCarthy[230]
  Eric Ramsay[231]
Senior goalkeeping coach   Richard Hartis[232]
Assistant goalkeeping coach   Craig Mawson[233]
Head of football medicine & science (first-team doctor)   Steve McNally
Head of rehabilitation and physiotherapy   Robin Sadler[234]
First-team lead physio   Richard Merron
Head of athletic performance   Richard Hawkins
Fitness coaches   Paulo Gaudino
  Charlie Owen[235]
First-team strength and power coach   Michael Clegg[236]
First-team lead sports scientist   Edward Leng[236]
Head of academy   Nick Cox[237]
Head of player development & coaching (U17–U23)   Travis Binnion[238]
Under-18s lead coach
Under-23s lead coach   Mark Dempsey[238]

Managerial history

Main article: List of Manchester United F.C. managers
Dates[239] Name Notes
1878–1892 Unknown
1892–1900   A. H. Albut
1900–1903   James West
1903–1912   Ernest Mangnall
1912–1914   John Bentley
1914–1921   Jack Robson
1921–1926   John Chapman
1926–1927   Lal Hilditch Player-manager
1927–1931   Herbert Bamlett
1931–1932   Walter Crickmer
1932–1937   Scott Duncan
1937–1945   Walter Crickmer
1945–1969   Matt Busby
1958   Jimmy Murphy Caretaker manager
1969–1970   Wilf McGuinness
1970–1971   Matt Busby
1971–1972   Frank O'Farrell
1972–1977   Tommy Docherty
1977–1981   Dave Sexton
1981–1986   Ron Atkinson
1986–2013   Alex Ferguson
2013–2014   David Moyes
2014   Ryan Giggs Caretaker player-manager
2014–2016   Louis van Gaal
2016–2018   José Mourinho
2018–2021   Ole Gunnar Solskjær [nb 3]
2021   Michael Carrick Caretaker manager
2021–2022   Ralf Rangnick Interim manager
2022–   Erik ten Hag

Management

  • Owner: Glazer family via Red Football Shareholder Limited[240]

Manchester United Limited

Position Name[241]
Co-chairmen Avram Glazer
Joel Glazer
Chief executive Richard Arnold[242]
Chief financial officer Cliff Baty[243]
Chief operating officer Collette Roche[244]
Chief legal officer / General counsel Patrick Stewart
Non-executive directors Bryan Glazer
Kevin Glazer
Edward Glazer
Darcie Glazer Kassewitz
Robert Leitão
John Hooks
Manu Sawhney

Manchester United Football Club

Office Name
Honorary president Martin Edwards[245]
Directors David Gill
Michael Edelson
Sir Bobby Charlton
Sir Alex Ferguson[246]
Club secretary Rebecca Britain[247]
Football director John Murtough[248]
Deputy football director Andy O'Boyle[249]
Technical director Darren Fletcher[248]
Director of football operations Alan Dawson

Honours

See also: List of Manchester United F.C. records and statistics
 
Winners' and runners-up medals from Manchester United's UEFA Champions League final appearances in 2008, 2009 and 2011

Manchester United is one of the most successful clubs in Europe in terms of trophies won.[250] The club's first trophy was the Manchester Cup, which they won as Newton Heath LYR in 1886.[251] In 1908, the club won their first league title, and won the FA Cup for the first time the following year. Since then, they have gone on to win a record 20 top-division titles – including a record 13 Premier League titles – and their total of 12 FA Cups is second only to Arsenal (14). Those titles have meant the club has appeared a record 30 times in the FA Community Shield (formerly the FA Charity Shield), which is played at the start of each season between the winners of the league and FA Cup from the previous season; of those 30 appearances, Manchester United have won a record 21, including four times when the match was drawn and the trophy shared by the two clubs.

The club had a successful period under the management of Matt Busby, starting with the FA Cup in 1948 and culminating with becoming the first English club to win the European Cup in 1968, winning five league titles in the intervening years. The club's most successful decade, however, came in the 1990s under Alex Ferguson; five league titles, four FA Cups, one League Cup, five Charity Shields (one shared), one UEFA Champions League, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, one UEFA Super Cup and one Intercontinental Cup. The club has won the Double (winning the Premier League and FA Cup in the same season) three times; the second in 1995–96 saw them become the first club to do so twice, and it became referred to as the "Double Double".[252] United became the sole British club to win the Intercontinental Cup in 1999 and are one of only three British clubs to have won the FIFA Club World Cup, in 2008. In 1999, United became the first English club to win the Treble.[47]

The club's most recent trophy came in May 2017, with the 2016–17 UEFA Europa League. In winning that title, United became the fifth club to have won the "European Treble" of European Cup/UEFA Champions League, Cup Winners' Cup, and UEFA Cup/Europa League after Juventus, Ajax, Bayern Munich and Chelsea.[253][254]

Manchester United FC honours
Type Competition Titles Seasons
Domestic First Division/Premier League[nb 4] 20 1907–08, 1910–11, 1951–52, 1955–56, 1956–57, 1964–65, 1966–67, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2010–11, 2012–13
Second Division[nb 4] 2 1935–36, 1974–75
FA Cup 12 1908–09, 1947–48, 1962–63, 1976–77, 1982–83, 1984–85, 1989–90, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1998–99, 2003–04, 2015–16
Football League Cup/EFL Cup 5 1991–92, 2005–06, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2016–17
FA Charity Shield/FA Community Shield 21 1908, 1911, 1952, 1956, 1957, 1965*, 1967*, 1977*, 1983, 1990*, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2016 (* shared)
Continental European Cup/UEFA Champions League 3 1967–68, 1998–99, 2007–08
UEFA Europa League 1 2016–17
UEFA Super Cup 1 1991
European Cup Winners' Cup 1 1990–91
Worldwide FIFA Club World Cup 1 2008
Intercontinental Cup 1 1999
  •   record
  • s shared record

Doubles and Trebles

Especially short competitions - such as the FA Charity/Community Shield, Intercontinental Cup (now defunct), FIFA Club World Cup or UEFA Super Cup - are not generally considered to contribute towards a Double or Treble.[255]

Manchester United Women

Main article: Manchester United W.F.C.

A team called Manchester United Supporters Club Ladies began operations in the late 1970s and was unofficially recognised as the club's senior women's team. They became founding members of the North West Women's Regional Football League in 1989.[256] The team made an official partnership with Manchester United in 2001, becoming the club's official women's team; however, in 2005, following Malcolm Glazer's takeover, the club was disbanded as it was seen to be "unprofitable".[257] In 2018, Manchester United formed a new women's football team, which entered the second division of women's football in England for their debut season.[258][259]

Footnotes

  1. ^ UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  2. ^ Sources are divided on the exact date of the meeting and subsequent name change. Whilst official club sources claim that it occurred on 26 April, the meeting was reported by the Manchester Evening Chronicle in its edition of 25 April, suggesting it was indeed on 24 April.
  3. ^ Solskjaer was initially appointed as interim manager; he was given the job permanently on 28 March 2019.
  4. ^ a b Upon its formation in 1992, the Premier League became the top tier of English football; the Football League First and Second Divisions then became the second and third tiers, respectively. From 2004, the First Division became the Championship and the Second Division became League One.

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Further reading

  • Andrews, David L., ed. (2004). Manchester United: A Thematic Study. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-33333-7.
  • Barnes, Justyn; Bostock, Adam; Butler, Cliff; Ferguson, Jim; Meek, David; Mitten, Andy; Pilger, Sam; Taylor, Frank OBE; Tyrrell, Tom (2001) [1998]. The Official Manchester United Illustrated Encyclopedia (3rd ed.). London: Manchester United Books. ISBN 978-0-233-99964-7.
  • Bose, Mihir (2007). Manchester Disunited: Trouble and Takeover at the World's Richest Football Club. London: Aurum Press. ISBN 978-1-84513-121-0.
  • Crick, Michael; Smith, David (1990). Manchester United – The Betrayal of a Legend. London: Pan Books. ISBN 978-0-330-31440-4.
  • Devlin, John (2005). True Colours: Football Kits from 1980 to the Present Day. London: A & C Black. ISBN 978-0-7136-7389-0.
  • Dobson, Stephen; Goddard, John (2004). "Ownership and Finance of Professional Soccer in England and Europe". In Fort, Rodney; Fizel, John (eds.). International Sports Economics Comparisons. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. ISBN 978-0-275-98032-0.
  • Dunning, Eric (1999). Sport Matters: Sociological Studies of Sport, Violence and Civilisation. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-09378-1.
  • Hamil, Sean (2008). "Case 9: Manchester United: the Commercial Development of a Global Football Brand". In Chadwick, Simon; Arth, Dave (eds.). International Cases in the Business of Sport. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-8543-6.
  • Inglis, Simon (1996) [1985]. Football Grounds of Britain (3rd ed.). London: CollinsWillow. ISBN 978-0-00-218426-7.
  • James, Gary (2008). Manchester: A Football History. Halifax: James Ward. ISBN 978-0-9558127-0-5.
  • Morgan, Steve (March 2010). McLeish, Ian (ed.). "Design for life". Inside United (212). ISSN 1749-6497.
  • Murphy, Alex (2006). The Official Illustrated History of Manchester United. London: Orion Books. ISBN 978-0-7528-7603-0.
  • Shury, Alan; Landamore, Brian (2005). The Definitive Newton Heath F.C. SoccerData. ISBN 978-1-899468-16-4.
  • Tyrrell, Tom; Meek, David (1996) [1988]. The Hamlyn Illustrated History of Manchester United 1878–1996 (5th ed.). London: Hamlyn. ISBN 978-0-600-59074-3.
  • White, Jim (2008). Manchester United: The Biography. London: Sphere. ISBN 978-1-84744-088-4.
  • White, John (2007) [2005]. The United Miscellany (2nd ed.). London: Carlton Books. ISBN 978-1-84442-745-1.

External links

 
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January 16, 2023
manchester, united, mufc, redirects, here, other, uses, mufc, disambiguation, this, article, about, professional, football, team, women, team, associated, same, club, manchester, united, independent, club, established, supporters, united, manchester, mancheste. MUFC redirects here For other uses see MUFC disambiguation This article is about the men s professional football team For the women s team associated to the same club see Manchester United W F C For the independent club established by supporters see F C United of Manchester Manchester United Football Club commonly referred to as Man United often stylised as Man Utd or simply United is a professional football club based in Old Trafford Greater Manchester England The club competes in the Premier League the top division in the English football league system Nicknamed the Red Devils it was founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878 but changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 The club moved from Newton Heath to its current stadium Old Trafford in 1910 Manchester UnitedFull nameManchester United Football ClubNickname s The Red Devils 1 UnitedShort nameMan United 2 3 Man UtdMan UFounded1878 145 years ago 1878 as Newton Heath LYR F C 1902 121 years ago 1902 as Manchester United F C StadiumOld TraffordCapacity74 310 4 OwnerManchester United plc NYSE MANU Co chairmenJoel and Avram GlazerManagerErik ten HagLeaguePremier League2021 22Premier League 6th of 20WebsiteClub websiteHome coloursAway coloursThird coloursCurrent seasonManchester United have won a record 20 League titles 12 FA Cups five League Cups and a record 21 FA Community Shields They have won the European Cup UEFA Champions League three times and the UEFA Europa League the UEFA Cup Winners Cup the UEFA Super Cup the Intercontinental Cup and the FIFA Club World Cup once each 5 6 In 1968 under the management of Matt Busby 10 years after eight of the club s players were killed in the Munich air disaster they became the first English club to win the European Cup Alex Ferguson is the club s longest serving and most successful manager winning 38 trophies including 13 league titles five FA Cups and two Champions League titles between 1986 and 2013 7 8 In the 1998 99 season under Ferguson the club became the first in the history of English football to achieve the European treble of the Premier League FA Cup and UEFA Champions League 9 In winning the UEFA Europa League under Jose Mourinho in 2016 17 they became one of five clubs to have won the original three main UEFA club competitions the Champions League Europa League and Cup Winners Cup Manchester United is one of the most widely supported football clubs in the world 10 11 and has rivalries with Liverpool Manchester City Arsenal and Leeds United Manchester United was the highest earning football club in the world for 2016 17 with an annual revenue of 676 3 million 12 and the world s third most valuable football club in 2019 valued at 3 15 billion 3 81 billion 13 After being floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1991 the club was taken private in 2005 after a purchase by American businessman Malcolm Glazer valued at almost 800 million of which over 500 million of borrowed money became the club s debt 14 From 2012 some shares of the club were listed on the New York Stock Exchange although the Glazer family retains overall ownership and control of the club Contents 1 History 1 1 Early years 1878 1945 1 2 Busby years 1945 1969 1 3 1969 1986 1 4 Ferguson years 1986 2013 1 5 2013 present 2 Crest and colours 3 Grounds 3 1 1878 1893 North Road 3 2 1893 1910 Bank Street 3 3 1910 present Old Trafford 4 Support 4 1 Rivalries 5 Global brand 5 1 Sponsorship 6 Ownership and finances 6 1 Glazer ownership 7 Players 7 1 First team squad 7 1 1 Out on loan 7 2 Reserves and academy 7 2 1 Out on loan 8 Player awards 9 Coaching staff 9 1 Managerial history 10 Management 10 1 Manchester United Limited 10 2 Manchester United Football Club 11 Honours 11 1 Doubles and Trebles 12 Manchester United Women 13 Footnotes 14 References 15 Further reading 16 External linksHistorySee also List of Manchester United F C seasons A chart showing the progress of Manchester United through the English football league system from joining as Newton Heath in 1892 93 to the present Early years 1878 1945 Main article History of Manchester United F C 1878 1945 Manchester United was formed in 1878 as Newton Heath LYR Football Club by the Carriage and Wagon department of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway LYR depot at Newton Heath 15 The team initially played games against other departments and railway companies but on 20 November 1880 they competed in their first recorded match wearing the colours of the railway company green and gold they were defeated 6 0 by Bolton Wanderers reserve team 16 By 1888 the club had become a founding member of The Combination a regional football league Following the league s dissolution after only one season Newton Heath joined the newly formed Football Alliance which ran for three seasons before being merged with The Football League This resulted in the club starting the 1892 93 season in the First Division by which time it had become independent of the railway company and dropped the LYR from its name 15 After two seasons the club was relegated to the Second Division 15 The Manchester United team at the start of the 1905 06 season in which they were runners up in the Second Division In January 1902 with debts of 2 670 equivalent to 310 000 in 2023 nb 1 the club was served with a winding up order 17 Captain Harry Stafford found four local businessmen including John Henry Davies who became club president each willing to invest 500 in return for a direct interest in running the club and who subsequently changed the name 18 on 24 April 1902 Manchester United was officially born 19 nb 2 Under Ernest Mangnall who assumed managerial duties in 1903 the team finished as Second Division runners up in 1906 and secured promotion to the First Division which they won in 1908 the club s first league title The following season began with victory in the first ever Charity Shield 20 and ended with the club s first FA Cup title Manchester United won the First Division for the second time in 1911 but at the end of the following season Mangnall left the club to join Manchester City 21 In 1922 three years after the resumption of football following the First World War the club was relegated to the Second Division where it remained until regaining promotion in 1925 Relegated again in 1931 Manchester United became a yo yo club achieving its all time lowest position of 20th place in the Second Division in 1934 Following the death of principal benefactor John Henry Davies in October 1927 the club s finances deteriorated to the extent that Manchester United would likely have gone bankrupt had it not been for James W Gibson who in December 1931 invested 2 000 and assumed control of the club 22 In the 1938 39 season the last year of football before the Second World War the club finished 14th in the First Division 22 Busby years 1945 1969 Main article History of Manchester United F C 1945 1969 The Busby Babes in 1955 Manager Matt Busby is pictured front right In October 1945 the impending resumption of football after the war led to the managerial appointment of Matt Busby who demanded an unprecedented level of control over team selection player transfers and training sessions 23 Busby led the team to second place league finishes in 1947 1948 and 1949 and to FA Cup victory in 1948 In 1952 the club won the First Division its first league title for 41 years 24 They then won back to back league titles in 1956 and 1957 the squad who had an average age of 22 were nicknamed the Busby Babes by the media a testament to Busby s faith in his youth players 25 In 1957 Manchester United became the first English team to compete in the European Cup despite objections from The Football League who had denied Chelsea the same opportunity the previous season 26 En route to the semi final which they lost to Real Madrid the team recorded a 10 0 victory over Belgian champions Anderlecht which remains the club s biggest victory on record 27 A plaque at Old Trafford in memory of those who died in the Munich air disaster including players names The following season on the way home from a European Cup quarter final victory against Red Star Belgrade the aircraft carrying the Manchester United players officials and journalists crashed while attempting to take off after refuelling in Munich Germany The Munich air disaster of 6 February 1958 claimed 23 lives including those of eight players Geoff Bent Roger Byrne Eddie Colman Duncan Edwards Mark Jones David Pegg Tommy Taylor and Billy Whelan and injured several more 28 29 The United Trinity statue of George Best left Denis Law centre and Bobby Charlton right outside Old Trafford Assistant manager Jimmy Murphy took over as manager while Busby recovered from his injuries and the club s makeshift side reached the FA Cup final which they lost to Bolton Wanderers In recognition of the team s tragedy UEFA invited the club to compete in the 1958 59 European Cup alongside eventual League champions Wolverhampton Wanderers Despite approval from The Football Association The Football League determined that the club should not enter the competition since it had not qualified 30 31 Busby rebuilt the team through the 1960s by signing players such as Denis Law and Pat Crerand who combined with the next generation of youth players including George Best to win the FA Cup in 1963 The following season they finished second in the league then won the title in 1965 and 1967 In 1968 Manchester United became the first English club to win the European Cup beating Benfica 4 1 in the final 32 with a team that contained three European Footballers of the Year Bobby Charlton Denis Law and George Best 33 They then represented Europe in the 1968 Intercontinental Cup against Estudiantes of Argentina but lost the tie after losing the first leg in Buenos Aires before a 1 1 draw at Old Trafford three weeks later Busby resigned as manager in 1969 before being replaced by the reserve team coach former Manchester United player Wilf McGuinness 34 1969 1986 Main article History of Manchester United F C 1969 1986 Bryan Robson was the captain of Manchester United for 12 years longer than any other player 35 Following an eighth place finish in the 1969 70 season and a poor start to the 1970 71 season Busby was persuaded to temporarily resume managerial duties and McGuinness returned to his position as reserve team coach In June 1971 Frank O Farrell was appointed as manager but lasted less than 18 months before being replaced by Tommy Docherty in December 1972 36 Docherty saved Manchester United from relegation that season only to see them relegated in 1974 by that time the trio of Best Law and Charlton had left the club 32 The team won promotion at the first attempt and reached the FA Cup final in 1976 but were beaten by Southampton They reached the final again in 1977 beating Liverpool 2 1 Docherty was dismissed shortly afterwards following the revelation of his affair with the club physiotherapist s wife 34 37 Dave Sexton replaced Docherty as manager in the summer of 1977 Despite major signings including Joe Jordan Gordon McQueen Gary Bailey and Ray Wilkins the team failed to win any trophies they finished second in 1979 80 and lost to Arsenal in the 1979 FA Cup Final Sexton was dismissed in 1981 even though the team won the last seven games under his direction 38 He was replaced by Ron Atkinson who immediately broke the British record transfer fee to sign Bryan Robson from his former club West Bromwich Albion Under Atkinson Manchester United won the FA Cup in 1983 and 1985 and beat rivals Liverpool to win the 1983 Charity Shield In 1985 86 after 13 wins and two draws in its first 15 matches the club was favourite to win the league but finished in fourth place The following season with the club in danger of relegation by November Atkinson was dismissed 39 Ferguson years 1986 2013 Main article History of Manchester United F C 1986 2013 Alex Ferguson managed the team between 1986 and 2013 Alex Ferguson and his assistant Archie Knox arrived from Aberdeen on the day of Atkinson s dismissal 40 and guided the club to an 11th place finish in the league 41 Despite a second place finish in 1987 88 the club was back in 11th place the following season 42 Reportedly on the verge of being dismissed Ferguson s job was saved by victory over Crystal Palace in the 1990 FA Cup Final 43 44 The following season Manchester United claimed their first UEFA Cup Winners Cup title That triumph allowed the club to compete in the European Super Cup for the first time where United beat European Cup holders Red Star Belgrade 1 0 at Old Trafford The club appeared in two consecutive League Cup finals in 1991 and 1992 beating Nottingham Forest 1 0 in the second to claim that competition for the first time as well 39 In 1993 the club won its first league title since 1967 and a year later for the first time since 1957 it won a second consecutive title alongside the FA Cup to complete the first Double in the club s history 39 United then became the first English club to do the Double twice when they won both competitions again in 1995 96 45 before retaining the league title once more in 1996 97 with a game to spare 46 Front three Manchester United s treble medals of the 1998 99 season are displayed at the club s museum In the 1998 99 season Manchester United became the first team to win the Premier League FA Cup and UEFA Champions League The Treble in the same season 47 Losing 1 0 going into injury time in the 1999 UEFA Champions League Final Teddy Sheringham and Ole Gunnar Solskjaer scored late goals to claim a dramatic victory over Bayern Munich in what is considered one of the greatest comebacks of all time 48 That summer Ferguson received a knighthood for his services to football 49 In November 1999 the club became the only British team to ever win the Intercontinental Cup with a 1 0 victory over the strong 1999 Copa Libertadores winners Palmeiras in Tokyo The Red Devils counted on an unexpected goalkeeper fail by future 2002 FIFA World Cup winner Marcos and a disallowed goal scored by Alex to win the game 50 Ryan Giggs is the most decorated player in English football history 51 Manchester United won the league again in the 1999 2000 and 2000 01 seasons becoming only the fourth club to win the English title three times in a row The team finished third in 2001 02 before regaining the title in 2002 03 52 They won the 2003 04 FA Cup beating Millwall 3 0 in the final at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff to lift the trophy for a record 11th time 53 In the 2005 06 season Manchester United failed to qualify for the knockout phase of the UEFA Champions League for the first time in over a decade 54 but recovered to secure a second place league finish and victory over Wigan Athletic in the 2006 Football League Cup Final The club regained the Premier League title in the 2006 07 season before completing the European double in 2007 08 with a 6 5 penalty shoot out victory over Chelsea in the 2008 UEFA Champions League Final in Moscow to go with their 17th English league title Ryan Giggs made a record 759th appearance for the club in that game overtaking previous record holder Bobby Charlton 55 In December 2008 the club became the first British team to win the FIFA Club World Cup and followed this with the 2008 09 Football League Cup and its third successive Premier League title 56 57 That summer forward Cristiano Ronaldo was sold to Real Madrid for a world record 80 million 58 In 2010 Manchester United defeated Aston Villa 2 1 at Wembley to retain the League Cup its first successful defence of a knockout cup competition 59 After finishing as runners up to Chelsea in the 2009 10 season United achieved a record 19th league title in 2010 11 securing the championship with a 1 1 away draw against Blackburn Rovers on 14 May 2011 60 This was extended to 20 league titles in 2012 13 securing the championship with a 3 0 home win against Aston Villa on 22 April 2013 61 2013 present On 8 May 2013 Ferguson announced that he was to retire as manager at the end of the football season but would remain at the club as a director and club ambassador 62 63 He retired as the most decorated manager in football history 64 65 The club announced the next day that Everton manager David Moyes would replace him from 1 July having signed a six year contract 66 67 68 Ryan Giggs took over as interim player manager 10 months later on 22 April 2014 when Moyes was sacked after a poor season in which the club failed to defend their Premier League title and failed to qualify for the UEFA Champions League for the first time since 1995 96 69 They also failed to qualify for the Europa League meaning that it was the first time Manchester United had not qualified for a European competition since 1990 70 On 19 May 2014 it was confirmed that Louis van Gaal would replace Moyes as Manchester United manager on a three year deal with Giggs as his assistant 71 Malcolm Glazer the patriarch of the family that owns the club died on 28 May 2014 72 Wayne Rooney receiving an award for becoming the club s record goalscorer from previous record holder Sir Bobby Charlton in January 2017 Under Van Gaal United won a 12th FA Cup but a disappointing slump in the middle of his second season led to rumours of the board sounding out potential replacements 73 Van Gaal was ultimately sacked just two days after the cup final victory with United having finished fifth in the league 74 Former Porto Chelsea Inter Milan and Real Madrid manager Jose Mourinho was appointed in his place on 27 May 2016 75 Mourinho signed a three year contract and in his first season won the FA Community Shield EFL Cup and UEFA Europa League Wayne Rooney scored his 250th goal for United a stoppage time equaliser in a league game against Stoke City in January 2017 surpassing Sir Bobby Charlton as the club s all time top scorer 76 The following season United finished second in the league their highest league placing since 2013 but were still 19 points behind rivals Manchester City Mourinho also guided the club to a 19th FA Cup Final but they lost 1 0 to Chelsea On 18 December 2018 with United in sixth place in the Premier League table 19 points behind leaders Liverpool and 11 points outside the Champions League places Mourinho was sacked after 144 games in charge The following day former United striker Ole Gunnar Solskjaer was appointed as caretaker manager until the end of the season 77 On 28 March 2019 after winning 14 of his first 19 matches in charge Solskjaer was appointed permanent manager on a three year deal 78 On 18 April 2021 Manchester United announced they were joining 11 other European clubs as founding members of the European Super League a proposed 20 team competition intended to rival the UEFA Champions League 79 The announcement drew a significant backlash from supporters other clubs media partners sponsors players and the UK Government forcing the club to withdraw just two days later 80 81 82 83 84 The failure of the project led to the resignation of executive vice chairman Ed Woodward while resultant protests against Woodward and the Glazer family led to a pitch invasion ahead of a league match against Liverpool on 2 May 2021 which saw the first postponement of a Premier League game due to supporter protests in the competition s history 85 86 On the pitch United equalled their own record for the biggest win in Premier League history with a 9 0 win over Southampton on 2 February 2021 87 but ended the season with defeat on penalties in the UEFA Europa League Final against Villarreal going four straight seasons without a trophy 88 On 20 November 2021 Solskjaer left his role as manager 89 Former midfielder Michael Carrick took charge for the next three games before the appointment of Ralf Rangnick as interim manager until the end of the season 90 On 21 April 2022 Erik ten Hag was appointed as the manager from the end of the 2021 22 season signing a contract until June 2025 with the option of extending for a further year 91 On 23 May 2022 Mitchell van der Gaag and Steve McClaren were confirmed as Ten Hag s assistant coaches 92 Crest and colours The first logo of the club of 1878 still under the Newton Heath L amp YR F C name Wikimedia Commons has media related to Manchester United F C kits The club crest is derived from the Manchester City Council coat of arms although all that remains of it on the current crest is the ship in full sail 93 The devil stems from the club s nickname The Red Devils it was included on club programmes and scarves in the 1960s and incorporated into the club crest in 1970 although the crest was not included on the chest of the shirt until 1971 93 In 1975 the red devil A devil facing the sinister guardant supporting with both hands a trident gules was granted as a heraldic badge by the College of Arms to the English Football League for use by Manchester United 94 Newton Heath s uniform in 1879 four years before the club played its first competitive match has been documented as white with blue cord 95 A photograph of the Newton Heath team taken in 1892 is believed to show the players wearing red and white quartered jerseys and navy blue knickerbockers 96 Between 1894 and 1896 the players wore green and gold jerseys 96 which were replaced in 1896 by white shirts which were worn with navy blue shorts 96 After the name change in 1902 the club colours were changed to red shirts white shorts and black socks which has become the standard Manchester United home kit 96 Very few changes were made to the kit until 1922 when the club adopted white shirts bearing a deep red V around the neck similar to the shirt worn in the 1909 FA Cup Final They remained part of their home kits until 1927 96 For a period in 1934 the cherry and white hooped change shirt became the home colours but the following season the red shirt was recalled after the club s lowest ever league placing of 20th in the Second Division and the hooped shirt dropped back to being the change 96 Manchester United badge in the 1960s The black socks were changed to white from 1959 to 1965 where they were replaced with red socks up until 1971 with white used on occasion when the club reverted to black Black shorts and white socks are sometimes worn with the home strip most often in away games if there is a clash with the opponent s kit For 2018 19 black shorts and red socks became the primary choice for the home kit 97 Since 1997 98 white socks have been the preferred choice for European games which are typically played on weeknights to aid with player visibility 98 The current home kit is a red shirt with the trademark Adidas three stripes in red on the shoulders white shorts and black socks 99 The Manchester United away strip has often been a white shirt black shorts and white socks but there have been several exceptions These include an all black strip with blue and gold trimmings between 1993 and 1995 the navy blue shirt with silver horizontal pinstripes worn during the 1999 2000 season 100 and the 2011 12 away kit which had a royal blue body and sleeves with hoops made of small midnight navy blue and black stripes with black shorts and blue socks 101 An all grey away kit worn during the 1995 96 season was dropped after just five games in its final outing against Southampton Alex Ferguson instructed the team to change into the third kit during half time The reason for dropping it being that the players claimed to have trouble finding their teammates against the crowd United failed to win a competitive game in the kit in five attempts 102 In 2001 to celebrate 100 years as Manchester United a reversible white and gold away kit was released although the actual match day shirts were not reversible 103 The club s third kit is often all blue this was most recently the case during the 2014 15 season 104 Exceptions include a green and gold halved shirt worn between 1992 and 1994 a blue and white striped shirt worn during the 1994 95 and 1995 96 seasons and once in 1996 97 an all black kit worn during the Treble winning 1998 99 season and a white shirt with black and red horizontal pinstripes worn between 2003 04 and 2005 06 105 From 2006 07 to 2013 14 the third kit was the previous season s away kit albeit updated with the new club sponsor in 2006 07 and 2010 11 apart from the 2008 09 season when an all blue kit was launched to mark the 40th anniversary of the 1967 68 European Cup success 106 Grounds United s current ground Old Trafford after its expansion in 2006 1878 1893 North Road Main article North Road Manchester Newton Heath initially played on a field on North Road close to the railway yard the original capacity was about 12 000 but club officials deemed the facilities inadequate for a club hoping to join The Football League 107 Some expansion took place in 1887 and in 1891 Newton Heath used its minimal financial reserves to purchase two grandstands each able to hold 1 000 spectators 108 Although attendances were not recorded for many of the earliest matches at North Road the highest documented attendance was approximately 15 000 for a First Division match against Sunderland on 4 March 1893 109 A similar attendance was also recorded for a friendly match against Gorton Villa on 5 September 1889 110 1893 1910 Bank Street Main article Bank Street football ground In June 1893 after the club was evicted from North Road by its owners Manchester Deans and Canons who felt it was inappropriate for the club to charge an entry fee to the ground secretary A H Albut procured the use of the Bank Street ground in Clayton 111 It initially had no stands by the start of the 1893 94 season two had been built one spanning the full length of the pitch on one side and the other behind the goal at the Bradford end At the opposite end the Clayton end the ground had been built up thousands thus being provided for 111 Newton Heath s first league match at Bank Street was played against Burnley on 1 September 1893 when 10 000 people saw Alf Farman score a hat trick Newton Heath s only goals in a 3 2 win The remaining stands were completed for the following league game against Nottingham Forest three weeks later 111 In October 1895 before the visit of Manchester City the club purchased a 2 000 capacity stand from the Broughton Rangers rugby league club and put up another stand on the reserved side as distinct from the popular side however weather restricted the attendance for the Manchester City match to just 12 000 112 When the Bank Street ground was temporarily closed by bailiffs in 1902 club captain Harry Stafford raised enough money to pay for the club s next away game at Bristol City and found a temporary ground at Harpurhey for the next reserves game against Padiham 113 Following financial investment new club president John Henry Davies paid 500 for the erection of a new 1 000 seat stand at Bank Street 114 Within four years the stadium had cover on all four sides as well as the ability to hold approximately 50 000 spectators some of whom could watch from the viewing gallery atop the Main Stand 114 1910 present Old Trafford Main article Old Trafford Following Manchester United s first league title in 1908 and the FA Cup a year later it was decided that Bank Street was too restrictive for Davies ambition 114 in February 1909 six weeks before the club s first FA Cup title Old Trafford was named as the home of Manchester United following the purchase of land for around 60 000 Architect Archibald Leitch was given a budget of 30 000 for construction original plans called for seating capacity of 100 000 though budget constraints forced a revision to 77 000 115 116 The building was constructed by Messrs Brameld and Smith of Manchester The stadium s record attendance was registered on 25 March 1939 when an FA Cup semi final between Wolverhampton Wanderers and Grimsby Town drew 76 962 spectators 117 Bombing in the Second World War destroyed much of the stadium the central tunnel in the South Stand was all that remained of that quarter After the war the club received compensation from the War Damage Commission in the amount of 22 278 While reconstruction took place the team played its home games at Manchester City s Maine Road ground Manchester United was charged 5 000 per year plus a nominal percentage of gate receipts 118 Later improvements included the addition of roofs first to the Stretford End and then to the North and East Stands The roofs were supported by pillars that obstructed many fans views and they were eventually replaced with a cantilevered structure The Stretford End was the last stand to receive a cantilevered roof completed in time for the 1993 94 season 34 First used on 25 March 1957 and costing 40 000 four 180 foot 55 m pylons were erected each housing 54 individual floodlights These were dismantled in 1987 and replaced by a lighting system embedded in the roof of each stand which remains in use today 119 The Taylor Report s requirement for an all seater stadium lowered capacity at Old Trafford to around 44 000 by 1993 In 1995 the North Stand was redeveloped into three tiers restoring capacity to approximately 55 000 At the end of the 1998 99 season second tiers were added to the East and West Stands raising capacity to around 67 000 and between July 2005 and May 2006 8 000 more seats were added via second tiers in the north west and north east quadrants Part of the new seating was used for the first time on 26 March 2006 when an attendance of 69 070 became a new Premier League record 120 The record was pushed steadily upwards before reaching its peak on 31 March 2007 when 76 098 spectators saw Manchester United beat Blackburn Rovers 4 1 with just 114 seats 0 15 per cent of the total capacity of 76 212 unoccupied 121 In 2009 reorganisation of the seating resulted in a reduction of capacity by 255 to 75 957 122 123 Manchester United has the second highest average attendance of European football clubs only behind Borussia Dortmund 124 125 126 In 2021 United co chairman Joel Glazer said that early stage planning work for the redevelopment of Old Trafford was underway This followed increasing criticism over the lack of development of the ground since 2006 127 Support Average Old Trafford Manchester United attendance 1949 2009 Manchester United is one of the most popular football clubs in the world with one of the highest average home attendances in Europe 128 The club states that its worldwide fan base includes more than 200 officially recognised branches of the Manchester United Supporters Club MUSC in at least 24 countries 129 The club takes advantage of this support through its worldwide summer tours Accountancy firm and sports industry consultants Deloitte estimate that Manchester United has 75 million fans worldwide 10 The club has the third highest social media following in the world among sports teams after Barcelona and Real Madrid with over 72 million Facebook followers as of July 2020 11 130 A 2014 study showed that Manchester United had the loudest fans in the Premier League 131 Supporters are represented by two independent bodies the Independent Manchester United Supporters Association IMUSA which maintains close links to the club through the MUFC Fans Forum 132 and the Manchester United Supporters Trust MUST After the Glazer family s takeover in 2005 a group of fans formed a splinter club F C United of Manchester The West Stand of Old Trafford the Stretford End is the home end and the traditional source of the club s most vocal support 133 Rivalries Liverpool Manchester United match at Old Trafford on 14 March 2009 Manchester United have rivalries with Arsenal Leeds United Liverpool and Manchester City against whom they contest the Manchester derby 134 135 The rivalry with Liverpool is rooted in competition between the cities during the Industrial Revolution when Manchester was famous for its textile industry while Liverpool was a major port 136 The two clubs are the most successful English teams in both domestic and international competitions and between them they have won 39 league titles 9 European Cups 4 UEFA Cups 5 UEFA Super Cups 20 FA Cups 14 League Cups 2 FIFA Club World Cups 1 Intercontinental Cup and 37 FA Community Shields 5 137 138 Ranked the two biggest clubs in England by France Football magazine based on metrics such as fanbase and historical importance 139 Manchester United v Liverpool is considered to be the most famous fixture in English football and one of the biggest rivalries in the football world 140 141 142 143 No player has been transferred between the clubs since 1964 144 Former Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson said in 2002 My greatest challenge was knocking Liverpool right off their fucking perch 145 The Roses Rivalry with Leeds stems from the Wars of the Roses fought between the House of Lancaster and the House of York with Manchester United representing Lancashire and Leeds representing Yorkshire 146 The rivalry with Arsenal arises from the numerous times the two teams as well as managers Alex Ferguson and Arsene Wenger have battled for the Premier League title With 33 titles between them 20 for Manchester United 13 for Arsenal this fixture has become known as one of the finest Premier League match ups in history 147 148 Global brandManchester United has been described as a global brand a 2011 report by Brand Finance valued the club s trademarks and associated intellectual property at 412 million an increase of 39 million on the previous year valuing it at 11 million more than the second best brand Real Madrid and gave the brand a strength rating of AAA Extremely Strong 149 In July 2012 Manchester United was ranked first by Forbes magazine in its list of the ten most valuable sports team brands valuing the Manchester United brand at 2 23 billion 150 The club is ranked third in the Deloitte Football Money League behind Real Madrid and Barcelona 151 In January 2013 the club became the first sports team in the world to be valued at 3 billion 152 Forbes magazine valued the club at 3 3 billion 1 2 billion higher than the next most valuable sports team 152 They were overtaken by Real Madrid for the next four years but Manchester United returned to the top of the Forbes list in June 2017 with a valuation of 3 689 billion 153 An official partner of the club Turkish Airlines in Manchester United livery The core strength of Manchester United s global brand is often attributed to Matt Busby s rebuilding of the team and subsequent success following the Munich air disaster which drew worldwide acclaim 133 The iconic team included Bobby Charlton and Nobby Stiles members of England s World Cup winning team Denis Law and George Best The attacking style of play adopted by this team in contrast to the defensive minded catenaccio approach favoured by the leading Italian teams of the era captured the imagination of the English footballing public 154 Busby s team also became associated with the liberalisation of Western society during the 1960s George Best known as the Fifth Beatle for his iconic haircut was the first footballer to significantly develop an off the field media profile 154 As the second English football club to float on the London Stock Exchange in 1991 the club raised significant capital with which it further developed its commercial strategy The club s focus on commercial and sporting success brought significant profits in an industry often characterised by chronic losses 155 The strength of the Manchester United brand was bolstered by intense off the field media attention to individual players most notably David Beckham who quickly developed his own global brand This attention often generates greater interest in on the field activities and hence generates sponsorship opportunities the value of which is driven by television exposure 156 During his time with the club Beckham s popularity across Asia was integral to the club s commercial success in that part of the world 157 Because higher league placement results in a greater share of television rights success on the field generates greater income for the club Since the inception of the Premier League Manchester United has received the largest share of the revenue generated from the BSkyB broadcasting deal 158 Manchester United has also consistently enjoyed the highest commercial income of any English club in 2005 06 the club s commercial arm generated 51 million compared to 42 5 million at Chelsea 39 3 million at Liverpool 34 million at Arsenal and 27 9 million at Newcastle United A key sponsorship relationship was with sportswear company Nike who managed the club s merchandising operation as part of a 303 million 13 year partnership between 2002 and 2015 159 Through Manchester United Finance and the club s membership scheme One United those with an affinity for the club can purchase a range of branded goods and services Additionally Manchester United branded media services such as the club s dedicated television channel MUTV have allowed the club to expand its fan base to those beyond the reach of its Old Trafford stadium 10 Sponsorship Period Kit manufacturer Shirt sponsor chest Shirt sponsor sleeve 1945 1975 Umbro 1975 1980 Admiral1980 1982 Adidas1982 1992 Sharp Electronics1992 2000 Umbro2000 2002 Vodafone2002 2006 Nike2006 2010 AIG2010 2014 Aon2014 2015 Chevrolet2015 2018 Adidas2018 2021 Kohler2021 2022 TeamViewer2022 DXC TechnologyIn an initial five year deal worth 500 000 Sharp Electronics became the club s first shirt sponsor at the beginning of the 1982 83 season a relationship that lasted until the end of the 1999 2000 season when Vodafone agreed a four year 30 million deal 160 Vodafone agreed to pay 36 million to extend the deal by four years but after two seasons triggered a break clause in order to concentrate on its sponsorship of the Champions League 160 To commence at the start of the 2006 07 season American insurance corporation AIG agreed a four year 56 5 million deal which in September 2006 became the most valuable in the world 161 162 At the beginning of the 2010 11 season American reinsurance company Aon became the club s principal sponsor in a four year deal reputed to be worth approximately 80 million making it the most lucrative shirt sponsorship deal in football history 163 Manchester United announced their first training kit sponsor in August 2011 agreeing a four year deal with DHL reported to be worth 40 million it is believed to be the first instance of training kit sponsorship in English football 164 165 The DHL contract lasted for over a year before the club bought back the contract in October 2012 although they remained the club s official logistics partner 166 The contract for the training kit sponsorship was then sold to Aon in April 2013 for a deal worth 180 million over eight years which also included purchasing the naming rights for the Trafford Training Centre 167 The club s first kit manufacturer was Umbro until a five year deal was agreed with Admiral Sportswear in 1975 168 Adidas received the contract in 1980 169 before Umbro started a second spell in 1992 170 Umbro s sponsorship lasted for ten years followed by Nike s record breaking 302 9 million deal that lasted until 2015 3 8 million replica shirts were sold in the first 22 months with the company 171 172 In addition to Nike and Chevrolet the club also has several lower level platinum sponsors including Aon and Budweiser 173 On 30 July 2012 United signed a seven year deal with American automotive corporation General Motors which replaced Aon as the shirt sponsor from the 2014 15 season The new 80m a year shirt deal is worth 559m over seven years and features the logo of General Motors brand Chevrolet 174 175 Nike announced that they would not renew their kit supply deal with Manchester United after the 2014 15 season citing rising costs 176 177 Since the start of the 2015 16 season Adidas has manufactured Manchester United s kit as part of a world record 10 year deal worth a minimum of 750 million 178 179 Plumbing products manufacturer Kohler became the club s first sleeve sponsor ahead of the 2018 19 season 180 Manchester United and General Motors did not renew their sponsorship deal and the club subsequently signed a five year 235m sponsorship deal with TeamViewer ahead of the 2021 22 season 181 Ownership and financesOriginally funded by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Company the club became a limited company in 1892 and sold shares to local supporters for 1 via an application form 18 In 1902 majority ownership passed to the four local businessmen who invested 500 to save the club from bankruptcy including future club president John Henry Davies 18 After his death in 1927 the club faced bankruptcy yet again but was saved in December 1931 by James W Gibson who assumed control of the club after an investment of 2 000 22 Gibson promoted his son Alan to the board in 1948 182 but died three years later the Gibson family retained ownership of the club through James wife Lillian 183 but the position of chairman passed to former player Harold Hardman 184 Promoted to the board a few days after the Munich air disaster Louis Edwards a friend of Matt Busby began acquiring shares in the club for an investment of approximately 40 000 he accumulated a 54 per cent shareholding and took control in January 1964 185 When Lillian Gibson died in January 1971 her shares passed to Alan Gibson who sold a percentage of his shares to Louis Edwards son Martin in 1978 Martin Edwards went on to become chairman upon his father s death in 1980 186 Media tycoon Robert Maxwell attempted to buy the club in 1984 but did not meet Edwards asking price 186 In 1989 chairman Martin Edwards attempted to sell the club to Michael Knighton for 20 million but the sale fell through and Knighton joined the board of directors instead 186 Manchester United was floated on the stock market in June 1991 raising 6 7 million 187 and received yet another takeover bid in 1998 this time from Rupert Murdoch s British Sky Broadcasting Corporation This resulted in the formation of Shareholders United Against Murdoch now the Manchester United Supporters Trust who encouraged supporters to buy shares in the club in an attempt to block any hostile takeover The Manchester United board accepted a 623 million offer 188 but the takeover was blocked by the Monopolies and Mergers Commission at the final hurdle in April 1999 189 A few years later a power struggle emerged between the club s manager Alex Ferguson and his horse racing partners John Magnier and J P McManus who had gradually become the majority shareholders In a dispute that stemmed from contested ownership of the horse Rock of Gibraltar Magnier and McManus attempted to have Ferguson removed from his position as manager and the board responded by approaching investors to attempt to reduce the Irishmen s majority 190 Glazer ownership See also Glazer ownership of Manchester United In May 2005 Malcolm Glazer purchased the 28 7 per cent stake held by McManus and Magnier thus acquiring a controlling interest through his investment vehicle Red Football Ltd in a highly leveraged takeover valuing the club at approximately 800 million then approx 1 5 billion 191 Once the purchase was complete the club was taken off the stock exchange 192 Much of the takeover money was borrowed by the Glazers the debts were transferred to the club As a result the club went from being debt free to being saddled with debts of 540 million at interest rates of between 7 to 20 14 193 194 In July 2006 the club announced a 660 million debt refinancing package resulting in a 30 per cent reduction in annual interest payments to 62 million a year 195 196 In January 2010 with debts of 716 5 million 1 17 billion 197 Manchester United further refinanced through a bond issue worth 504 million enabling them to pay off most of the 509 million owed to international banks 198 The annual interest payable on the bonds which were to mature on 1 February 2017 is approximately 45 million per annum 199 Despite restructuring the club s debt prompted protests from fans on 23 January 2010 at Old Trafford and the club s Trafford Training Centre 200 201 Supporter groups encouraged match going fans to wear green and gold the colours of Newton Heath On 30 January reports emerged that the Manchester United Supporters Trust had held meetings with a group of wealthy fans dubbed the Red Knights with plans to buying out the Glazers controlling interest 202 The club s debts reached a high of 777 million in June 2007 203 In August 2011 the Glazers were believed to have approached Credit Suisse in preparation for a 1 billion approx 600 million initial public offering IPO on the Singapore stock exchange that would value the club at more than 2 billion 204 however in July 2012 the club announced plans to list its IPO on the New York Stock Exchange instead 205 Shares were originally set to go on sale for between 16 and 20 each but the price was cut to 14 by the launch of the IPO on 10 August following negative comments from Wall Street analysts and Facebook s disappointing stock market debut in May Even after the cut Manchester United was valued at 2 3 billion making it the most valuable football club in the world 206 The New York Stock Exchange allows for different shareholders to enjoy different voting rights over the club Shares offered to the public Class A had 10 times lesser voting rights than shares retained by the Glazers Class B 207 Initially in 2012 only 10 of shares were offered to the public 208 As of 2019 the Glazers retain ultimate control over the club with over 70 of shares and even higher voting power 209 In 2012 The Guardian estimated that the club had paid a total of over 500 million in debt interest and other fees on behalf of the Glazers 210 and in 2019 reported that the total sum paid by the club for such fees had risen to 1 billion 194 At the end of 2019 the club had a net debt of nearly 400 million 211 PlayersFirst team squad See also List of Manchester United F C players and List of Manchester United F C players Club captains As of 22 November 2022 212 Note Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules Players may hold more than one non FIFA nationality No Pos Nation Player1 GK ESP David de Gea2 DF SWE Victor Lindelof4 DF ENG Phil Jones5 DF ENG Harry Maguire captain 213 6 DF ARG Lisandro Martinez8 MF POR Bruno Fernandes9 FW FRA Anthony Martial10 FW ENG Marcus Rashford11 FW ENG Mason Greenwood internally suspended 214 12 DF NED Tyrell Malacia14 MF DEN Christian Eriksen17 MF BRA Fred18 MF BRA Casemiro19 DF FRA Raphael Varane20 DF POR Diogo Dalot21 FW BRA Antony No Pos Nation Player22 GK ENG Tom Heaton23 DF ENG Luke Shaw25 FW ENG Jadon Sancho27 FW NED Wout Weghorst on loan from Burnley 215 28 FW URU Facundo Pellistri29 DF ENG Aaron Wan Bissaka31 GK ENG Jack Butland on loan from Crystal Palace 216 33 DF ENG Brandon Williams34 MF NED Donny van de Beek36 FW SWE Anthony Elanga38 DF ENG Axel Tuanzebe39 MF SCO Scott McTominay43 DF ENG Teden Mengi47 FW ENG Shola Shoretire49 FW ARG Alejandro Garnacho55 MF IRQ Zidane IqbalOut on loan Note Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules Players may hold more than one non FIFA nationality No Pos Nation Player3 DF CIV Eric Bailly at Marseille until 30 June 2023 217 16 FW CIV Amad Diallo at Sunderland until 30 June 2023 218 26 GK ENG Dean Henderson at Nottingham Forest until 30 June 2023 219 No Pos Nation Player27 DF BRA Alex Telles at Sevilla until 30 June 2023 220 46 MF TUN Hannibal Mejbri at Birmingham City until 30 June 2023 221 74 DF ESP Alvaro Fernandez at Preston North End until 30 June 2023 222 Reserves and academy Main article Manchester United F C Reserves and Academy As of 22 November 2022 223 List of under 21s and academy players with articles Note Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules Players may hold more than one non FIFA nationality No Pos Nation Player30 GK ENG Nathan Bishop35 MF ENG Tom Huddlestone player coach 51 MF WAL Charlie Savage52 FW ENG Joe Hugill56 FW ENG Charlie McNeill57 FW FRA Noam Emeran No Pos Nation Player58 DF ENG Di Shon Bernard63 DF ESP Marc Jurado64 DF NED Bjorn Hardley68 MF NOR Isak Hansen Aaroen73 MF ENG Kobbie Mainoo75 FW ENG Manni NorkettOut on loan Note Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules Players may hold more than one non FIFA nationality No Pos Nation Player40 GK CZE Matej Kovar at Sparta Prague until 30 June 2023 224 41 DF ENG Ethan Laird at Queens Park Rangers until 30 June 2023 225 45 GK NIR Dermot Mee at Altrincham until 30 June 2023 226 48 DF ENG Will Fish at Hibernian until 30 June 2023 227 54 MF NIR Ethan Galbraith at Salford City until 30 June 2023 228 Player awardsTeam First Team U 21s a U 18sAward Sir Matt Busby Player of the Year Players Player of the Year Denzil Haroun Reserve Team Player of the Year Jimmy Murphy Young Player of the YearInstituted 1987 88 2005 06 1989 90 1989 90Holder 2021 22 Cristiano Ronaldo David de Gea Alvaro Fernandez Alejandro Garnacho U 23s 2016 2022 Coaching staffPosition StaffManager Erik ten HagAssistant coaches Mitchell van der Gaag 229 Steve McClaren 229 First team coaches Darren Fletcher 230 Benni McCarthy 230 Eric Ramsay 231 Senior goalkeeping coach Richard Hartis 232 Assistant goalkeeping coach Craig Mawson 233 Head of football medicine amp science first team doctor Steve McNallyHead of rehabilitation and physiotherapy Robin Sadler 234 First team lead physio Richard MerronHead of athletic performance Richard HawkinsFitness coaches Paulo Gaudino Charlie Owen 235 First team strength and power coach Michael Clegg 236 First team lead sports scientist Edward Leng 236 Head of academy Nick Cox 237 Head of player development amp coaching U17 U23 Travis Binnion 238 Under 18s lead coachUnder 23s lead coach Mark Dempsey 238 Managerial history Main article List of Manchester United F C managers Dates 239 Name Notes1878 1892 Unknown1892 1900 A H Albut1900 1903 James West1903 1912 Ernest Mangnall1912 1914 John Bentley1914 1921 Jack Robson1921 1926 John Chapman1926 1927 Lal Hilditch Player manager1927 1931 Herbert Bamlett1931 1932 Walter Crickmer1932 1937 Scott Duncan1937 1945 Walter Crickmer1945 1969 Matt Busby1958 Jimmy Murphy Caretaker manager1969 1970 Wilf McGuinness1970 1971 Matt Busby1971 1972 Frank O Farrell1972 1977 Tommy Docherty1977 1981 Dave Sexton1981 1986 Ron Atkinson1986 2013 Alex Ferguson2013 2014 David Moyes2014 Ryan Giggs Caretaker player manager2014 2016 Louis van Gaal2016 2018 Jose Mourinho2018 2021 Ole Gunnar Solskjaer nb 3 2021 Michael Carrick Caretaker manager2021 2022 Ralf Rangnick Interim manager2022 Erik ten HagManagementOwner Glazer family via Red Football Shareholder Limited 240 Manchester United Limited Position Name 241 Co chairmen Avram GlazerJoel GlazerChief executive Richard Arnold 242 Chief financial officer Cliff Baty 243 Chief operating officer Collette Roche 244 Chief legal officer General counsel Patrick StewartNon executive directors Bryan GlazerKevin GlazerEdward GlazerDarcie Glazer KassewitzRobert LeitaoJohn HooksManu SawhneyManchester United Football Club Office NameHonorary president Martin Edwards 245 Directors David GillMichael EdelsonSir Bobby CharltonSir Alex Ferguson 246 Club secretary Rebecca Britain 247 Football director John Murtough 248 Deputy football director Andy O Boyle 249 Technical director Darren Fletcher 248 Director of football operations Alan DawsonHonoursSee also List of Manchester United F C records and statistics Winners and runners up medals from Manchester United s UEFA Champions League final appearances in 2008 2009 and 2011 Manchester United is one of the most successful clubs in Europe in terms of trophies won 250 The club s first trophy was the Manchester Cup which they won as Newton Heath LYR in 1886 251 In 1908 the club won their first league title and won the FA Cup for the first time the following year Since then they have gone on to win a record 20 top division titles including a record 13 Premier League titles and their total of 12 FA Cups is second only to Arsenal 14 Those titles have meant the club has appeared a record 30 times in the FA Community Shield formerly the FA Charity Shield which is played at the start of each season between the winners of the league and FA Cup from the previous season of those 30 appearances Manchester United have won a record 21 including four times when the match was drawn and the trophy shared by the two clubs The club had a successful period under the management of Matt Busby starting with the FA Cup in 1948 and culminating with becoming the first English club to win the European Cup in 1968 winning five league titles in the intervening years The club s most successful decade however came in the 1990s under Alex Ferguson five league titles four FA Cups one League Cup five Charity Shields one shared one UEFA Champions League one UEFA Cup Winners Cup one UEFA Super Cup and one Intercontinental Cup The club has won the Double winning the Premier League and FA Cup in the same season three times the second in 1995 96 saw them become the first club to do so twice and it became referred to as the Double Double 252 United became the sole British club to win the Intercontinental Cup in 1999 and are one of only three British clubs to have won the FIFA Club World Cup in 2008 In 1999 United became the first English club to win the Treble 47 The club s most recent trophy came in May 2017 with the 2016 17 UEFA Europa League In winning that title United became the fifth club to have won the European Treble of European Cup UEFA Champions League Cup Winners Cup and UEFA Cup Europa League after Juventus Ajax Bayern Munich and Chelsea 253 254 Manchester United FC honours Type Competition Titles SeasonsDomestic First Division Premier League nb 4 20 1907 08 1910 11 1951 52 1955 56 1956 57 1964 65 1966 67 1992 93 1993 94 1995 96 1996 97 1998 99 1999 2000 2000 01 2002 03 2006 07 2007 08 2008 09 2010 11 2012 13Second Division nb 4 2 1935 36 1974 75FA Cup 12 1908 09 1947 48 1962 63 1976 77 1982 83 1984 85 1989 90 1993 94 1995 96 1998 99 2003 04 2015 16Football League Cup EFL Cup 5 1991 92 2005 06 2008 09 2009 10 2016 17FA Charity Shield FA Community Shield 21 1908 1911 1952 1956 1957 1965 1967 1977 1983 1990 1993 1994 1996 1997 2003 2007 2008 2010 2011 2013 2016 shared Continental European Cup UEFA Champions League 3 1967 68 1998 99 2007 08UEFA Europa League 1 2016 17UEFA Super Cup 1 1991European Cup Winners Cup 1 1990 91Worldwide FIFA Club World Cup 1 2008Intercontinental Cup 1 1999 record s shared recordDoubles and Trebles Doubles League and FA Cup 3 1993 94 1995 96 1998 99 League and UEFA Champions League 2 1998 99 2007 08 League and EFL Cup 1 2008 09 EFL Cup and UEFA Europa League 1 2016 17 Trebles League FA Cup and UEFA Champions League 1 1998 99Especially short competitions such as the FA Charity Community Shield Intercontinental Cup now defunct FIFA Club World Cup or UEFA Super Cup are not generally considered to contribute towards a Double or Treble 255 Manchester United WomenMain article Manchester United W F C A team called Manchester United Supporters Club Ladies began operations in the late 1970s and was unofficially recognised as the club s senior women s team They became founding members of the North West Women s Regional Football League in 1989 256 The team made an official partnership with Manchester United in 2001 becoming the club s official women s team however in 2005 following Malcolm Glazer s takeover the club was disbanded as it was seen to be unprofitable 257 In 2018 Manchester United formed a new women s football team which entered the second division of women s football in England for their debut season 258 259 Footnotes UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark Gregory 2017 The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain 1209 to Present New Series MeasuringWorth Retrieved 11 June 2022 Sources are divided on the exact date of the meeting and subsequent name change Whilst official club sources claim that it occurred on 26 April the meeting was reported by the Manchester Evening Chronicle in its edition of 25 April suggesting it was indeed on 24 April Solskjaer was initially appointed as interim manager he was given the job permanently on 28 March 2019 a b Upon its formation in 1992 the Premier League became the top tier of English football the Football League First and Second Divisions then became the second and third tiers respectively From 2004 the First Division became the Championship and the Second Division became League One References Premier League Handbook Season 2015 16 PDF Premier League Archived from the original PDF on 6 September 2015 Retrieved 23 May 2016 Man United must aim for top four not title 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club secretary Manchester Evening News 29 March 2018 Retrieved 5 August 2018 a b United appoint Football and Technical Directors ManUtd com Manchester United 10 March 2021 Retrieved 10 March 2021 United appoint Deputy Football Director ManUtd com Manchester United 31 May 2022 Retrieved 31 May 2022 Bloomfield Craig 13 August 2015 Which club has won the most trophies in Europe The most successful clubs from the best leagues revealed talkSPORT Retrieved 30 October 2015 Shury amp Landamore 2005 p 8 On This Day United s Historic Double Double ManUtd com Manchester United 11 May 2020 Retrieved 13 May 2020 Manchester United win the UEFA Europa League ManUtd com Manchester United 24 May 2017 Archived from the original on 1 June 2018 Retrieved 26 May 2017 Europa League final Manchester United on the brink of unique achievement no other English club could ever match talkSPORT 23 May 2017 Retrieved 28 May 2017 Rice Simon 20 May 2010 Treble treble The teams that won the treble The Independent London Retrieved 14 July 2010 Wigmore Tim Why Do Manchester United Still Not Have a Women s Team Bleacher Report Leighton Tony 21 February 2005 United abandon women s game to focus on youth The Guardian Retrieved 21 August 2019 Manchester United granted place in Women s Championship by FA The Independent 28 May 2018 Retrieved 28 May 2018 Manchester United granted FA Women s Championship place with West Ham in Super League Sky Sports 28 May 2018 Retrieved 28 May 2018 Further readingAndrews David L ed 2004 Manchester United A Thematic Study London Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 33333 7 Barnes Justyn Bostock Adam Butler Cliff Ferguson Jim Meek David Mitten Andy Pilger Sam Taylor Frank OBE Tyrrell Tom 2001 1998 The Official Manchester United Illustrated Encyclopedia 3rd ed London Manchester United Books ISBN 978 0 233 99964 7 Bose Mihir 2007 Manchester Disunited Trouble and Takeover at the World s Richest Football Club London Aurum Press ISBN 978 1 84513 121 0 Crick Michael Smith David 1990 Manchester United The Betrayal of a Legend London Pan Books ISBN 978 0 330 31440 4 Devlin John 2005 True Colours Football Kits from 1980 to the Present Day London A amp C Black ISBN 978 0 7136 7389 0 Dobson Stephen Goddard John 2004 Ownership and Finance of Professional Soccer in England and Europe In Fort Rodney Fizel John eds International Sports Economics Comparisons Westport CT Praeger Publishers ISBN 978 0 275 98032 0 Dunning Eric 1999 Sport Matters Sociological Studies of Sport Violence and Civilisation London Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 09378 1 Hamil Sean 2008 Case 9 Manchester United the Commercial Development of a Global Football Brand In Chadwick Simon Arth Dave eds International Cases in the Business of Sport Oxford Butterworth Heinemann ISBN 978 0 7506 8543 6 Inglis Simon 1996 1985 Football Grounds of Britain 3rd ed London CollinsWillow ISBN 978 0 00 218426 7 James Gary 2008 Manchester A Football History Halifax James Ward ISBN 978 0 9558127 0 5 Morgan Steve March 2010 McLeish Ian ed Design for life Inside United 212 ISSN 1749 6497 Murphy Alex 2006 The Official Illustrated History of Manchester United London Orion Books ISBN 978 0 7528 7603 0 Shury Alan Landamore Brian 2005 The Definitive Newton Heath F C SoccerData ISBN 978 1 899468 16 4 Tyrrell Tom Meek David 1996 1988 The Hamlyn Illustrated History of Manchester United 1878 1996 5th ed London Hamlyn ISBN 978 0 600 59074 3 White Jim 2008 Manchester United The Biography London Sphere ISBN 978 1 84744 088 4 White John 2007 2005 The United Miscellany 2nd ed London Carlton Books ISBN 978 1 84442 745 1 External links Wikiquote has quotations related to Manchester United F C Wikinews has news related to Manchester United F C Wikimedia Commons has media related to Manchester United FC Official website in Arabic Chinese English French Japanese Korean and Spanish Official statistics website Official Manchester United Supporters Trust Manchester United F C on BBC Sport Club news Recent results and fixtures 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