Enawene Nawe (Enawené-Nawé, Enawenê-Nawê, Eneuene-Mare), also known as Salumã, is an Arawakan language of Brazil spoken by about 570 people living in the Juruena River basin area, and more specifically along the Iquê river in the state of Mato Grosso.
Aikhenvald (1999) classifies Enawene Nawe as a South Arawak language together with Terena, Lapachu and Moxo.[1] However, more recent works by both Fabre (2005) and Brandão & Facundes (2007) consider the language to form a subgroup with Paresi in the Paresi–Xingu branch of Arawakan languages.[1]
Comparison of personal pronouns between Paresi and Enawene Nawe[2]
The first eleven numbers in Enawene Nawe are as follows:[3]
Number
Enawene Nawe
1
xoxola
2
initini
3
koytala
4
noxi
5
monarese,
eswe
6
lolokwate
7
lolate
8
hoxiro
9
mamalakari
10
ketera
11
darayti
Zorthêa (2006) notes that all numbers except initini (2) and monarese (5) can be preceded and followed by affixes.[3]
Affixesedit
Enawene Nawe makes use of a variety of suffixes and prefixes to derive different meanings from root words.
Gender suffixesedit
Zorthêa (2006) describes Enawene Nawe as having two suffixes to explicitly mark gender: -lo for the feminine gender and -re for the masculine.[3] De Almeida (2015), however, notes four suffixes: -nero and -lo mark the feminine gender, while -nere and -li mark the masculine.[4]
The suffix -kwa is used to mark places and is commonly found in village names. For example, the name of the Enawene Nawe village Matokodakwa is ultimately derived from matokoda, meaning "container for transporting liquids", and -kwa "place".[4]
Referencesedit
^ abcdeBrandão, Ana Paula Barros (2014). "A reference grammar of Paresi-Haliti (Arawak)" (PDF). pp. 6–7. (PDF) from the original on 2020-11-30. Retrieved 2021-01-21.
^ abBrandão, Ana Paula Barros (2018). "A documentação participativa: o caso das línguas Paresi-Haliti e Enawene Nawe" [The participatory documentation: the case of the Paresi-Haliti and Enawene Nawe languages] (in Portuguese). p. 101. from the original on 2019-04-30. Retrieved 2021-01-21.
^ abcdefghZorthêa, Kátia Silene (2006). "Daraiti Ahã: Escrita alfabética entre os Enawene Nawe" [Daraiti Ahã: Alphabetical writing among Enawene Nawe] (PDF) (in Portuguese). Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. (PDF) from the original on 2015-05-12. Retrieved 2021-01-21.
^ abcdde Almeida, Juliana (2015). "Enawene-Nawe Wixo: Diferença e convivialidade na gestão sociopolítica do cosmos" [Enawene-Nawe Wixo: Difference and user-friendliness in the socio-political management of the cosmos] (PDF) (in Portuguese). Universidade federal do Amazonas. (PDF) from the original on 2021-01-28. Retrieved 2021-01-21.
January 01, 1970
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Not to be confused with Saluma language Enawene Nawe Enawene Nawe Enawene Nawe Eneuene Mare also known as Saluma is an Arawakan language of Brazil spoken by about 570 people living in the Juruena River basin area and more specifically along the Ique river in the state of Mato Grosso Enawene NaweSalumaRegionMato Grosso BrazilEthnicityEnawene Nawe peopleNative speakers570 2014 1 Language familyArawakan SouthernParesi Xingu Paresi Enawene Nawe Enawene NaweLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code unk class extiw title iso639 3 unk unk a Glottologenaw1238ELPEnawene Nawe Contents 1 Classification 2 Phonology 2 1 Consonants 2 2 Vowels 3 Grammar 3 1 Pronouns 3 2 Numerals 3 3 Affixes 3 3 1 Gender suffixes 3 3 2 Place suffix 4 ReferencesClassification editAikhenvald 1999 classifies Enawene Nawe as a South Arawak language together with Terena Lapachu and Moxo 1 However more recent works by both Fabre 2005 and Brandao amp Facundes 2007 consider the language to form a subgroup with Paresi in the Paresi Xingu branch of Arawakan languages 1 Comparison of personal pronouns between Paresi and Enawene Nawe 2 Person Paresi Enawene Nawe 1SG natyo nato 2SG hitso hixo 3SG eze ere 1PL witso wixo 2PL xitso dexo 3PL ezenae erenaha Comparison of numbers 1 3 Number Paresi Enawene Nawe one hatita xoxola two hinama initini three hanama koytala four zalakakoa noxi Comparison of other vocabulary 1 3 Word Paresi Enawene Nawe to fall ezoa edoa itch mare mali wera drink era tera wesera corn kozeto korito eye zotse edose house hati hana hakolo vulture oloho oloho night maka mikya stone tsehali sairi uncle koko kokore sour katyala katala basket koho tohe bathe koaha nakoha arrive kaoka takwaPhonology editConsonants edit Enawene Nawe is described by Zorthea 2006 as having 15 contrastive consonants 3 Consonant inventory Labial Alveolar Post alv Palatal Velar Glottal Plosive voiceless kʷ kw t t kʲ ky k k voiced d d Nasal m m n n ɲ n Flap ɾ r Fricative s s ʃ x h h Approximant w w l l j y Among these the following allophonic variations are reported 3 4 Consonant variations Type Examples w varies between w and b in word initial position before the front vowels e and i wesera to drink weseɾa beseɾa wera itch weɾa beɾa m varies between m and w datamare mythical character datamaɾe datawaɾe Alame proper noun alame alawe d varies between d s ɾ and l datowa tomorrow datowa latowa derohi ritual step deɾohi leɾohi edoa to fall edoa eɾoa r varies between ɾ and l Kawari proper noun kawaɾi kawali korito corn koɾito kolito k varies between k and g between vowels nawenekota I think nawenekota nawenegota ky varies between kʲ and gʲ between vowels t varies between t and d between vowels atana thunder atana adana meta tickle meta meda Vowels edit Enawene Nawe is described by Zorthea 2006 as having 4 oral vowels and 4 nasal vowels 3 Oral Front Back Near Close i i o u o Mid e ɪ e Open a a Nasal Front Back Near Close ĩ ĩ o ũ o Mid ẽ ĩ ẽ Open ʌ a Grammar editPronouns edit Independent personal pronouns 2 Person Singular Plural 1st nato wixo 2nd hixo dexo 3rd ere erenaha Numerals edit The first eleven numbers in Enawene Nawe are as follows 3 Number Enawene Nawe 1 xoxola 2 initini 3 koytala 4 noxi 5 monarese eswe 6 lolokwate 7 lolate 8 hoxiro 9 mamalakari 10 ketera 11 darayti Zorthea 2006 notes that all numbers except initini 2 and monarese 5 can be preceded and followed by affixes 3 Affixes edit Enawene Nawe makes use of a variety of suffixes and prefixes to derive different meanings from root words Gender suffixes edit Zorthea 2006 describes Enawene Nawe as having two suffixes to explicitly mark gender lo for the feminine gender and re for the masculine 3 De Almeida 2015 however notes four suffixes nero and lo mark the feminine gender while nere and li mark the masculine 4 Examples from de Almeida 2015 4 Towalinero a Towali woman Towalinere a Towali man Iyakaloti a female spirit Iyakaliti a male spirit Place suffix edit The suffix kwa is used to mark places and is commonly found in village names For example the name of the Enawene Nawe village Matokodakwa is ultimately derived from matokoda meaning container for transporting liquids and kwa place 4 References edit a b c d e Brandao Ana Paula Barros 2014 A reference grammar of Paresi Haliti Arawak PDF pp 6 7 Archived PDF from the original on 2020 11 30 Retrieved 2021 01 21 a b Brandao Ana Paula Barros 2018 A documentacao participativa o caso das linguas Paresi Haliti e Enawene Nawe The participatory documentation the case of the Paresi Haliti and Enawene Nawe languages in Portuguese p 101 Archived from the original on 2019 04 30 Retrieved 2021 01 21 a b c d e f g h Zorthea Katia Silene 2006 Daraiti Aha Escrita alfabetica entre os Enawene Nawe Daraiti Aha Alphabetical writing among Enawene Nawe PDF in Portuguese Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Archived PDF from the original on 2015 05 12 Retrieved 2021 01 21 a b c d de Almeida Juliana 2015 Enawene Nawe Wixo Diferenca e convivialidade na gestao sociopolitica do cosmos Enawene Nawe Wixo Difference and user friendliness in the socio political management of the cosmos PDF in Portuguese Universidade federal do Amazonas Archived PDF from the original on 2021 01 28 Retrieved 2021 01 21 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Enawene Nawe language amp oldid 1225728129, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,