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Wikipedia

David Duke

May 04, 2023

For other people with the same name, see David Duke (disambiguation).

David Ernest Duke (born July 1, 1950) is an American white supremacist, antisemitic conspiracy theorist, and former Grand Wizard of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan.[3] From 1989 to 1992, he was a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives for the Republican Party. His politics and writings are largely devoted to promoting conspiracy theories about Jews, such as Holocaust denial and Jewish control of academia, the press, and the financial system.[4][5] In 2013, the Anti-Defamation League described Duke as "perhaps America’s most well-known racist and anti-Semite".[6]

David Duke
Duke as Grand Wizard, c. 1974
Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives
from the 81st district
In office
February 18, 1989 – January 13, 1992
Preceded byChuck Cusimano
Succeeded byDavid Vitter
Grand Wizard of the
Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
In office
1974–1980
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byDon Black
Personal details
Born
David Ernest Duke

(1950-07-01) July 1, 1950 (age 72)
Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.
Political partyRepublican (1989–1999, 2016–present)[1]
Other political
affiliations
Spouse
Chloê Eleanor Hardin
​
​
(m. 1974; div. 1984)​
Children2
EducationLouisiana State University (BA)

Duke unsuccessfully stood as Democratic candidate for state legislature during the 1970s and 1980s, culminating in his campaign for the 1988 Democratic presidential nomination. After failing to gain any traction within the Democratic Party, Duke left and successfully gained the presidential nomination of the minor Populist Party. In December 1988, he became a Republican and claimed to have become a born-again Christian, while nominally renouncing antisemitism and racism.[7] He soon won his only elected office, a seat in the Louisiana House of Representatives. He then ran unsuccessful but competitive campaigns for several more offices, including United States Senate in 1990 and Governor of Louisiana in 1991. His campaigns were denounced by national and state Republican leaders, including President George H. W. Bush. He mounted a minor challenge to President Bush in 1992.

By the late 1990s, Duke had abandoned his pretense of rejecting racism and antisemitism, and began to openly promote racist and neo-Nazi viewpoints. He then began to devote himself to writing about his political views, both in newsletters and later on the Internet. In his writings, he denigrates African Americans and other ethnic minorities, and promotes conspiracy theories about a Jewish plot to control America and the world.[8][9][10] He continued to run for public office through 2016; however, following his reversion to open neo-Nazism, his candidacies were not competitive.

During the 1990s, Duke defrauded his political supporters by pretending to be in dire financial straits and soliciting money for basic necessities. At the time, Duke was in fact financially secure and used the money for recreational gambling.[11] In December 2002, Duke pleaded guilty to felony fraud and subsequently served a 15-month sentence at Federal Correctional Institution, Big Spring in Texas.[11][12]

Early life

 
Duke as a teenager

Duke was born on July 1, 1950 in Tulsa, Oklahoma, to Maxine (née Crick) and David Hedger Duke, the younger of two children.[13] As the son of an engineer for Shell Oil Company, Duke frequently moved with his family around the world. During 1954, they lived a short time in the Netherlands before settling in an all-white area of New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1955.[14] His mother was an alcoholic; his father permanently left in 1966 for Laos taking a job with United States Agency for International Development (USAID).[15] While in New Orleans, Duke attended the Clifton L. Ganus School, a conservative Church of Christ-sponsored school. He attributed the start of his segregationist awakening as being started during his research for an eighth-grade project at this school. After his freshman year, Duke transferred to Warren Easton Senior High in New Orleans. For his junior year, he attended Riverside Military Academy in Gainesville, Georgia. His senior year, he was back in New Orleans, at integrated John F. Kennedy High School, and by the time he graduated was already a member of the Klan.[16][17]

In 1964, Duke began his involvement in radical right politics after attending a Citizens' Councils (CCA) meeting and reading Carleton Putnam's pro-segregation books, later citing Race and Reason: A Yankee View, 1961, as being responsible for his "enlightenment".[18] Putnam's book asserted the genetic superiority of whites. Also during his adolescence, Duke began to read books about Nazism and the Third Reich, and his speeches at CCA meetings began to be more explicitly pro-Nazi.[19] This was enough to gain him disapproval from some members who were more anti-black racists rather than antisemitic. While attending Riverside Military Academy, his class was disciplined after Duke was found to be in possession of a Nazi flag and, in public school, he vociferously protested the lowering of the flag after the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.[19][20] In the late 1960s, Duke met William Luther Pierce, the leader of the neo-Nazi and white nationalist National Alliance, who would remain a lifelong influence on him. Duke joined the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) in 1967.[3][21]

In 1968, Duke enrolled at Louisiana State University (LSU) in Baton Rouge. In 1970, he formed a white student group called the White Youth Alliance that was affiliated with the National Socialist White People's Party. He appeared at a demonstration in Nazi uniform carrying a sign reading "Gas the Chicago 7" (a group of left-wing anti-war activists Kunstler had defended) and "Kunstler is a Communist Jew" to protest lawyer William Kunstler's appearance at Tulane University in New Orleans.[19][20][3][22] Picketing and holding parties on the anniversary of Adolf Hitler's birth, he became known on the LSU campus for wearing a Nazi uniform.[22] While a student at LSU, Duke traveled on a road trip to an American Nazi Party conference in Virginia with white supremacists Joseph Paul Franklin (later convicted of multiple acts of racial and antisemitic terrorism and executed for serial murder) and Don Black.[23]

Duke says that he spent nine months in Laos, calling it a "normal tour of duty". He joined his father, who remained working there, and had asked his son to visit during the summer of 1971.[24] His father helped him gain a job teaching English to Laotian military officers, from which he was dismissed after six weeks when he drew a Molotov cocktail on the blackboard.[25] He also claimed to have gone behind enemy lines 20 times at night to drop rice to anti-communist insurgents in planes flying 10 feet (3.0 m) off the ground, narrowly avoiding receiving a shrapnel wound. Two Air America pilots who were in Laos at that time said that the planes only flew during the day and that they also flew no less than 500 feet (150 m) from the ground. One pilot suggested that it might have been possible for Duke to have gone on a safe "milk run" once or twice but no more than that. Duke was also unable to recall the name of the airfield that he had used.[24]

1972 arrest in New Orleans

In January 1972, Duke was arrested in New Orleans for inciting a riot. Several racial confrontations broke out that month in the city, including one at the Robert E. Lee Monument involving Duke, Addison Roswell Thompson—a perennial segregationist candidate for governor of Louisiana and mayor of New Orleans—and his 89-year-old friend and mentor, Rene LaCoste. Thompson and LaCoste dressed in Klan robes for the occasion and placed a Confederate flag at the monument. The Black Panthers began throwing bricks at the two men, but police arrived in time to prevent serious injury.[26]

In 1972, Duke was charged with soliciting campaign funds for presidential candidate George Wallace and then keeping the proceeds. He was also charged with filling glass containers with a flammable liquid, banned under a New Orleans ordinance. Both charges were eventually dropped.[19]

Knights of the Ku Klux Klan

In 1974, Duke founded the Louisiana-based Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (KKKK), shortly after graduating from LSU.[19][27] He became the youngest ever grand wizard of the KKKK in 1976.[3] Duke first received broad public attention during this time, as he endeavored to market himself in the mid-1970s as a new brand of Klansman: well-groomed, engaged, and professional. Duke also reformed the organization, promoting nonviolence and legality,[third-party source needed] and, for the first time in the Klan's history, women were accepted as equal members and Catholics were encouraged to apply for membership.[28] Duke would repeatedly insist that the Klan was "not anti-black" but rather "pro-white" and "pro-Christian". Duke told the British Daily Telegraph newspaper that he left the Klan in 1980 because he disliked its associations with violence and could not stop the members of other Klan chapters from doing "stupid or violent things".[29] It was asserted by Julia Reed in The New York Review of Books in April 1992 that Duke was forced to leave the Klan after selling a copy of its membership records to a rival Klan leader who was a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) informer.[3]

Political and ideological activities

Early campaigns

Duke first ran for a seat in the Louisiana State Senate as a Democrat from a Baton Rouge district in 1975. During his campaign, he was allowed to speak on the college campuses of Vanderbilt University, Indiana University, the University of Southern California, Stanford University, and Tulane University.[30] He received 11,079 votes, one-third of those cast.[13][31]

Duke ran for a seat in the state senate again in 1979, but placed second to incumbent Senator Joe Tiemann.[32][33]

In the late 1970s, Duke was accused by several Klan officials of stealing the organization's money. "Duke is nothing but a con artist", Jack Gregory, Duke's Florida state leader, told the Clearwater Sun after Duke allegedly refused to turn over proceeds from a series of 1979 Klan rallies to the Knights. Another Klan official under Duke, Jerry Dutton, told reporters that Duke had used Klan funds to purchase and refurbish his home in Metairie. Duke later justified the repairs by saying most of his home was used by the Klan.

He ran for the Democratic presidential nomination during the 1980 presidential election. Despite being six years too young to be qualified to run for president Duke attempted to place his name onto the ballot in twelve states stating that he wanted to be a power broker who could "select issues and form a platform representing the majority of this country" at the Democratic National Convention.[34][35] He pled guilty in 1979, to disturbing the peace when he led seventy to one hundred Klansmen to surround police vehicles in a Metairie hotel parking lot in September 1976, and was fined $100 and given a three-month suspended sentence. Duke and James K. Warner had originally been convicted on that charge in 1977, but the Louisiana Supreme Court had reversed the ruling due to the state having introduced illegal evidence.[36][37] Duke was arrested for illegally entering Canada in order to discuss third-world immigration into Canada on a talk show.[38]

He left the Ku Klux Klan in 1980, after he was accused of trying to sell the organization's mailing list for $35,000. He founded the National Association for the Advancement of White People and served as its president after leaving the Klan.[39][40][41] Using the group's newsletter, he promoted Holocaust denial literature for sale such as The Hoax of the Twentieth Century and Did Six Million Really Die?.[3]

Duke allegedly conducted a direct-mail appeal in 1987, using the identity and mailing-list of the Georgia Forsyth County Defense League without permission. League officials described it as a fundraising scam.[42]

1988 presidential campaign

Main article: David Duke 1988 presidential campaign

In 1988, Duke ran initially in the Democratic presidential primaries. His campaign had limited impact, with one minor exception — as the only candidate on the ballot, he won the little-known New Hampshire vice presidential primary.[43] Duke, having failed to gain much traction as a Democrat, then sought and gained the presidential nomination of the Populist Party, an organization founded by Willis Carto.[44][45] He appeared on the ballot for president in 11 states and was a write-in candidate in some other states, some with Trenton Stokes of Arkansas for vice president, and on other state ballots with Floyd Parker, a physician from New Mexico,[46] for vice president. He received just 47,047 votes, for 0.04% of the national popular vote.[47]

1989: Successful run in special election for Louisiana House seat

In December 1988, Duke changed his political affiliation from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party.[48]

In 1988, Republican state representative Charles Cusimano of Metairie resigned his District 81 seat to become a 24th Judicial District Court judge, and a special election was called early in 1989 to select a successor. Duke entered the race to succeed Cusimano and faced several opponents, including fellow Republicans John Spier Treen, a brother of former governor David C. Treen; Delton Charles, a school board member; and Roger F. Villere Jr., who operates Villere's Florist in Metairie. Duke finished first in the primary with 3,995 votes (33.1%).[49] As no one received a majority of the vote in the first round, a runoff election was required between Duke and Treen, who polled 2,277 votes (18.9%) in the first round of balloting. Treen's candidacy was endorsed by U.S. president George H. W. Bush, former president Ronald Reagan, and other prominent Republicans,[50] as well as Democrats Victor Bussie (president of the Louisiana AFL–CIO) and Edward J. Steimel (president of the Louisiana Association of Business and Industry and former director of the "good government" think tank, the Public Affairs Research Council). Duke, however, criticized Treen on a statement the latter had made indicating a willingness to entertain higher property taxes, anathema in that suburban district.[51] Duke, with 8,459 votes (50.7%), defeated Treen, who polled 8,232 votes (49.3%).[52] He served in the House from 1989 until 1992.[53]

Freshman legislator Odon Bacqué of Lafayette, a No Party member of the House, stood alone in 1989 when he attempted to deny seating to Duke on the grounds that the incoming representative had resided outside his district at the time of his election. When Treen failed in a court challenge in regard to Duke's residency, the latter was seated. Lawmakers who opposed Duke said that they had to defer to his constituents, who narrowly chose him as representative.[54]

As state representative

Duke took his seat on the same day as Jerry Luke LeBlanc of Lafayette Parish (who won another special election, held on the same day as the Duke-Treen runoff, to choose a successor to Kathleen Blanco), the future governor who was elected to the Louisiana Public Service Commission. Duke and LeBlanc were sworn in separately.

Colleague Ron Gomez of Lafayette stated that Duke, as a short-term legislator, was "so single minded, he never really became involved in the nuts and bolts of House rules and parliamentary procedure. It was just that shortcoming that led to the demise of most of his attempts at lawmaking."[55]

One legislative issue pushed by Duke was the requirement that welfare recipients be tested for the use of narcotics. The recipients had to show themselves to be drug-free to receive state and federal benefits under his proposal.[56][57][58] Gomez, in his 2000 autobiography, said that he recalls Duke obtaining the passage of only a single bill, legislation which prohibited movie producers or book publishers from compensating jurors for accounts of their court experiences.[59]

Duke launched unsuccessful campaigns for the U.S. Senate in 1990 and governor in 1991.[60]

1990 campaign for U.S. Senate

Main article: United States Senate election in Louisiana, 1990

Though Duke had first hesitated about entering the Senate race, he made his announcement of candidacy for the nonpartisan blanket primary held on October 6, 1990. Duke was the only Republican in competition against three Democrats, including incumbent U.S. senator J. Bennett Johnston, Jr., of Shreveport,[61] whom Duke derided as "J. Benedict Johnston".[62]

Former governor David Treen, whose brother, John Treen, Duke had defeated for state representative in 1989, called Duke's senatorial platform "garbage. ... I think he is bad for our party because of his espousal of Nazism and racial superiority."[63]

The Republican Party officially endorsed state senator Ben Bagert of New Orleans in a state convention on January 13, 1990, but national GOP officials in October, just days before the primary election, concluded that Bagert could not win. To avoid a runoff between Duke and Johnston, the GOP decided to surrender the primary to Johnston. Funding for Bagert's campaign was halted, and after initial protest, Bagert dropped out two days before the election. With such a late withdrawal, Bagert's name remained on the ballot, but his votes, most of which were presumably cast as absentee ballots, were not counted.[64][65] Duke received 43.51 percent (607,391 votes) of the primary vote to Johnston's 53.93 percent (752,902 votes).[61]

Duke's views prompted some of his critics, including Republicans such as journalist Quin Hillyer, to form the Louisiana Coalition Against Racism and Nazism, which directed media attention to Duke's statements of hostility to blacks and Jews.[66]

In a 2006 Financial Times editorial, Gideon Rachman recalled interviewing Duke's 1990 campaign manager, who said, "The Jews just aren't a big issue in Louisiana. We keep telling David, stick to attacking the blacks. There's no point in going after the Jews, you just piss them off and nobody here cares about them anyway."[67]

1991 campaign for Governor of Louisiana

Main article: 1991 Louisiana gubernatorial election

Despite repudiation by the Republican Party,[68] Duke ran for governor of Louisiana in 1991. In the primary, Duke finished second to former governor Edwin W. Edwards in votes; thus, he faced Edwards in a runoff. In the initial round, Duke received 32% of the vote. Incumbent governor Buddy Roemer, who had switched from the Democratic to Republican parties during his term, came in third with 27% of the vote. Duke effectively killed Roemer's bid for reelection. Although Duke had a sizable core constituency of devoted supporters, many voted for him as a "protest vote" to register dissatisfaction with Louisiana's establishment politicians. In response to criticism for his past white supremacist activities, Duke's stock response was to apologize for his past and declare that he was a born-again Christian.[69] During the campaign, Duke said he was the spokesman for the "white majority"[70] and, according to The New York Times, "equated the extermination of Jews in Nazi Germany with affirmative action programs in the United States".[7]

The Christian Coalition of America, which exerted considerable impact on the Republican State Central Committee, was led in Louisiana by its national director and vice president, Billy McCormack, then the pastor of University Worship Center in Shreveport. The coalition was accused of having failed to investigate Duke in the early part of his political resurgence. By the time of the 1991 gubernatorial election, however, its leadership had withdrawn support from Duke.[71] Despite Duke's status as the only Republican in the runoff, incumbent president George H. W. Bush (a Republican) opposed his candidacy and denounced him as a charlatan and a racist.[7] White House chief of staff John H. Sununu stated, "The president is absolutely opposed to the kind of racist statements that have come out of David Duke now and in the past."[72]

The Louisiana Coalition Against Racism and Nazism rallied against Duke's gubernatorial campaign. Elizabeth Rickey, a moderate member of the Louisiana Republican State Central Committee and niece of Branch Rickey, began to follow Duke to record his speeches and expose what she saw as instances of racist and neo-Nazi remarks. For a time, Duke took Rickey to lunch, introduced her to his daughters, telephoned her late at night, and tried to convince her of his beliefs, including that the Holocaust was a myth, Auschwitz physician Josef Mengele was a medical genius, and that blacks and Jews were responsible for various social ills. Rickey released transcripts of their conversations to the press and also provided evidence establishing that Duke sold Nazi literature (such as Mein Kampf) from his legislative office and attended neo-Nazi political gatherings while he held elective office.[73][74]

Between the primary and the runoff, called the "general election" under Louisiana election rules (in which all candidates run on one ballot, regardless of party), white supremacist organizations from around the country contributed to Duke's campaign fund.[75][10]

Duke's rise garnered national media attention. While he gained the backing of former Alexandria mayor John K. Snyder, Duke won few serious endorsements in Louisiana. Celebrities and organizations donated thousands of dollars to former Governor Edwin Edwards' campaign. Referencing Edwards' long-standing problem with accusations of corruption, popular bumper stickers read: "Vote for the Crook. It's Important",[76][77] and "Vote for the Lizard, not the Wizard." When a reporter asked Edwards what he needed to do to triumph over Duke, Edwards replied with a smile: "Stay alive."

The runoff debate, held on November 6, 1991, received significant attention when journalist Norman Robinson questioned Duke. Robinson, who is African American, told Duke that he was "scared" at the prospect of Duke winning the election because of his history of "diabolical, evil, vile" racist and antisemitic comments, some of which he read to Duke. He then pressed Duke for an apology and when Duke protested that Robinson was not being fair to him, Robinson replied that he did not think Duke was being honest. Jason Berry of the Los Angeles Times called it "startling TV" and the "catalyst" for the "overwhelming" turnout of black voters who helped Edwards defeat Duke.[69]

Edwards received 1,057,031 votes (61.2%), while Duke's 671,009 votes represented 38.8% of the total. Duke nevertheless claimed victory, saying, "I won my constituency. I won 55% of the white vote", a statistic confirmed by exit polls.[22] Duke, rather than Edwards, was on network television the following day; his rival refused to appear with him.[3]

1992 Republican Party presidential candidate

Main article: Republican Party presidential primaries, 1992

Duke ran as a Republican in the 1992 presidential primaries, although Republican Party officials tried to block his participation.[78] He received 119,115 (0.94%) votes[79] in the primaries, but no delegates to the 1992 Republican National Convention.[80]

A documentary film, Backlash: Race and the American Dream (1992), investigated Duke's appeal among some white voters. Backlash explored the demagogic issues of Duke's platform, examining his use of black crime, welfare, affirmative action and white supremacy and tied Duke to a legacy of other white backlash politicians, such as Lester G. Maddox and George Wallace, and the use in the successful 1988 presidential campaign of George H. W. Bush of these same racially themed hot buttons.[81]

1996 campaign for U.S. Senate

Main article: United States Senate election in Louisiana, 1996

When Johnston announced his retirement in 1996, Duke ran again for the U.S. Senate. He polled 141,489 votes (11.5%). Former Republican state representative Woody Jenkins of Baton Rouge and Democrat Mary Landrieu of New Orleans, the former state treasurer, went into the general election contest. Duke was fourth in the nine-person, jungle primary race.[82]

1999 campaign for U.S. House

A special election was held in Louisiana's First Congressional District following the sudden resignation of Republican incumbent Bob Livingston in 1999. Duke sought the seat as a Republican and received 19% of the vote. He finished a close third, thus failing to make the runoff. His candidacy was repudiated by the Republicans.[83] Republican Party chairman Jim Nicholson remarked: "There is no room in the party of Lincoln for a Klansman like David Duke."[83] Republican state representative David Vitter (later a U.S. senator) went on to defeat former governor Treen. Also in the race was the New Orleans Republican leader Rob Couhig.[84]

New Orleans Protocol

Duke organized a weekend gathering of "European Nationalists" in Kenner, Louisiana. In an attempt to overcome the splintering and division in the white nationalist movement that had followed the death in 2002 of leader William Luther Pierce, Duke presented a unity proposal for peace within the movement and a better image for outsiders. His proposal was accepted and is now known as the New Orleans Protocol (NOP). It pledges adherents to a pan-European outlook, recognizing national and ethnic allegiance, but stressing the value of all European peoples. Signed by and sponsored by a number of white supremacist leaders and organizations, it has three provisions:[85][86]

  1. Zero tolerance for violence.
  2. Honorable and ethical behavior in relations with other signatory groups. This includes not denouncing others who have signed this protocol. In other words, no enemies on the right.
  3. Maintaining a high tone in our arguments and public presentations.

Those who signed the pact on May 29, 2004, include Duke, Don Black, Paul Fromm, Willis Carto (whose Holocaust-denying The Barnes Review helped sponsor the event), Kevin Alfred Strom, and John Tyndall (signing as an individual, not on behalf of the British National Party).[85]

The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) said that the "high tone" of the NOP contrasted with statements at the event where the pact was signed, such as Paul Fromm's calling a Muslim woman "a hag in a bag" and Sam Dickson (from the Council of Conservative Citizens, another sponsor) speaking about the "very, very destructive" effect of opposing the Nazis in World War II—opposition that caused people to view Hitler's "normal, healthy racial values" as evil.[85] The SPLC described the NOP as a "smokescreen", saying that "most of the conference participants' ire was directed at what they consider to be a worldwide Jewish conspiracy to destroy the white race through immigration and miscegenation".[87]

Political activity (1999–2012)

Duke joined the Reform Party in 1999. Duke would leave the party after the election.[88]

In 2004, Duke's bodyguard, roommate, and longtime associate Roy Armstrong made a bid for the U.S. House of Representatives, running as a Democrat, to serve Louisiana's First Congressional District. In the open primary, Armstrong finished second in the six candidate field with 6.69% of the vote, but Republican Bobby Jindal received 78.40%, thus winning the seat.[89] Duke was the head advisor of Armstrong's campaign.[90][91]

Duke claimed that thousands of Tea Party movement activists had urged him to run for president in 2012,[92][93] and that he was seriously considering entering the Republican Party primaries.[93] However, Duke ultimately did not contest the primaries won by Mitt Romney, who lost the presidential election to incumbent Barack Obama.[94]

Donald Trump advocacy

In 2015, it was reported by the media that Duke endorsed then presidential nominee Donald Trump.[95][96] Duke later clarified in an interview with The Daily Beast in August 2015 that while he viewed Trump as "the best of the lot", due to his stance on immigration, Trump's support for Israel was a deal breaker for him. Duke claimed that "Trump has made it very clear that he's 1,000 percent dedicated to Israel, so how much is left over for America?"[97] In December 2015, Duke said Donald Trump speaks more radically than he does, advising that Trump's radical speech is both a positive and a negative.[98][99]

In February 2016, Duke urged his listeners to vote Trump, saying that voting for anyone besides Donald Trump "is really treason to your heritage". Trump, Duke believed, was "by far the best candidate".[100][101] When asked whether he renounced Duke's support, Trump responded "I don’t know anything about David Duke. Okay?...I know nothing about white supremacists. And so you’re asking me a question that I’m supposed to be talking about people that I know nothing about."[102]

For the 2020 presidential election, Duke again expressed his preference for Donald Trump over Joe Biden, which was widely interpreted as an endorsement.[103] Duke urged President Trump to replace his vice president Mike Pence with talk show host Tucker Carlson claiming such a ticket was the only way to "stop the commie Bolsheviks".[104]

2016 campaign for U.S. Senate

Main article: 2016 United States Senate election in Louisiana

On July 22, 2016, Duke announced that he was planning to run for the Republican nomination for the United States Senate seat in Louisiana being vacated by Republican David Vitter.[105] He stated that he was running "to defend the rights of European Americans". He claimed that his platform has become the Republican mainstream and added, "I'm overjoyed to see Donald Trump and most Americans embrace most of the issues that I've championed for years." However, Trump's campaign reaffirmed that Trump disavows Duke's support, and Republican organizations said they will not support him "under any circumstances".[106] On August 5, 2016, National Public Radio (NPR) aired an interview between Duke and Steve Inskeep in which Duke claimed that there was widespread racism against European Americans, that they have been subject to vicious attacks in the media, and that Trump's voters were also his voters.[107][108]

 
Duke in 2020

A Mason-Dixon poll released on October 20, 2016, showed Duke receiving support from 5.1% of voters in the state, barely clearing the 5% requirement for a candidate to be allowed to participate in a November 2 debate.[109]

Duke received 3% of the vote on Election Day, with a total of 58,581 votes out of nearly 2 million cast. He came in 7th place in Louisiana's open primary.[110]

Those who made donations to the campaign were publicly outed in several states in 2017, leading to boycotts, lost business, and one restaurant to close entirely.[111][112]

2020 United States presidential election endorsement

In February 2019, the media reported Duke had endorsed presidential candidate Tulsi Gabbard for the Democratic ticket and changed his Twitter banner to a picture of Gabbard. He tweeted "Tulsi Gabbard for President. Finally a candidate who will actually put America First rather than Israel First!"[113] Gabbard refused Duke's support: "I have strongly denounced David Duke's hateful views and his so-called 'support' multiple times in the past, and reject his support."[114] Following Gabbard's defeat, Duke endorsed president Donald Trump for re-election.[115]

Antisemitism

Racial theories

In 1998, Duke self-published the autobiographical My Awakening: A Path to Racial Understanding.[18] The book details Duke's social philosophies, including his advocacy of racial separation:

We [Whites] desire to live in our own neighborhoods, go to our own schools, work in our own cities and towns, and ultimately live as one extended family in our own nation. We shall end the racial genocide of integration. We shall work for the eventual establishment of a separate homeland for African Americans, so each race will be free to pursue its own destiny without racial conflicts and ill will.[8]

A book review by Abraham Foxman, then the National Director of the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), describes My Awakening as containing racist, antisemitic, sexist, and homophobic opinions.[18]

Duke promotes the white genocide conspiracy theory and explicitly claims that Jews are "organising white genocide".[116][117][118][119][120] In 2017 he accused Anthony Bourdain of promoting white genocide.[121][122]

An ADL profile of Duke states: "Although Duke denies that he is a white supremacist and avoids the term in public speeches and writings, the policies and positions he advocates state clearly that white people are the only ones morally qualified to determine the rights that should apply to other ethnic groups."[6]

Claims of "Jewish supremacy"

 
Duke (right) with Udo Voigt, the former leader of the National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD)

In 2001, Duke promoted his book, Jewish Supremacism: My Awakening to the Jewish Question in Russia. In this work, he purports to "examine and document elements of ethnic supremacism that have existed in the Jewish community from historical to modern times".[123] The book is dedicated to Israel Shahak, a critical author of what Shahak saw as supremacist religious teachings in Jewish culture. Former Boris Yeltsin press minister Boris Mironov wrote an introduction for the Russian edition, printed under the title The Jewish Question Through the Eyes of an American. The work draws on the writings of Kevin B. MacDonald, including multiple uses of the same sources and citations.[124]

The Anti-Defamation League office in Moscow urged the Moscow prosecutor to open an investigation into Mironov. The ADL office initiated a letter from Alexander Fedulov, a prominent member of the Duma, to Prosecutor General Vladimir Ustinov, urging a criminal case be opened against the author and the Russian publisher of Duke's book. In his letter, Fedulov described the book as antisemitic and a violation of Russian anti-hate crime laws.[125] Around December 2001, the prosecutor's office closed the investigation of Boris Mironov and Jewish Supremacism. In a public letter, Yury Biryukov, First Deputy of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation, stated that a psychological examination, which was conducted as a part of the investigation, concluded that the book and the actions of Boris Mironov did not break Russian hate-crime laws.[126]

The ADL has described the book as antisemitic.[127] At one time, the book was sold in the main lobby of the building of the Russian State Duma (lower house of parliament).[128]

After the publication in March 2006 of a paper on the Israel lobby by professors John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt, Duke praised the paper in a number of articles on his website, in his broadcasts, and on MSNBC's March 21 Scarborough Country program.[129] According to The New York Sun, Duke said in an email, he was "surprised how excellent [the paper] is. It is quite satisfying to see a body in the premier American university essentially come out and validate every major point I have been making since even before the war [in Iraq] even started. ...The task before us is to wrest control of America's foreign policy and critical junctures of media from the Jewish extremist Neocons that seek to lead us into what they expectantly call World War IV."[130][131] Stephen Walt stated: "I have always found Mr. Duke's views reprehensible, and I am sorry he sees this article as consistent with his view of the world".[130]

In 2015, after 47 Senate Republicans warned Iran that agreements made with the US that were not ratified by the Senate were liable to be repudiated by a future president, Duke told Fox News' Alan Colmes that the signatories "should become a Jew, put on a yarmulke because they are not Americans, they have sold their soul to the Jewish power in this country and the Jewish power overseas".[132][133] His website has hosted articles by authors claiming that Jewish loan-sharks own the Federal Reserve Bank,[134] and that Jews own Hollywood and the U.S. media.[135]

Supposed "Zionist control"

In the post-9/11 issue of his newsletter, Duke wrote that "reason should tell us that even if Israeli agents were not the actual provocateurs behind the operation [on 9/11], at the very least they had prior knowledge. ...Zionists caused the attack America endured just as surely as if they themselves had piloted those planes. It was caused by the Jewish control of the American media and Congress."[136]

In an interview for the Iranian Press TV on September 11, 2012, Duke said: "There are Israeli fingerprints all over the whole 9/11 aspect. ...Israel has a long record of terrorism against America... there are a lot of reasons that Israel wanted 9/11 to happen. Of the Iraq War, according to Duke, "The Zionists orchestrated and created this war in the media, the government, and international finance."[137] In another appearance on Press TV the following year, Duke said Congress "is totally in the hands of the Zionists. The Zionists control the American government, lock, stock, and barrel." According to him, the supposed control of America by Jews is "the world’s greatest single problem".[138]

Holocaust denier Ernst Zündel

Duke expressed support for Holocaust denier Ernst Zündel, a German emigrant in Canada. Duke made a number of statements supporting Zündel and his campaign of Holocaust denial.[139] Zündel was deported from Canada to Germany[140] and imprisoned in Germany on charges of inciting the masses to ethnic hatred. After Zündel died in August 2017, Duke referred to him as being a "very heroic and courageous European preservationist".[141]

Activities in Ukraine and Russia (2005–2006)

In the 1990s, Duke traveled to Russia several times, meeting antisemitic Russian politicians such as Vladimir Zhirinovsky and Albert Makashov.[19]

In September 2005, the Ukrainian private university Interregional Academy of Personnel Management (MAUP), described by the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) as a "University of Hate", gave Duke a non-accredited PhD in history.[142][143] His doctoral thesis was titled "Zionism as a Form of Ethnic Supremacism".[142] The PhD program of MAUP was not accredited by the Higher Attestation Commission of Ukraine or its successor, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine,[144] so its PhD diplomas are not recognized by the Ukrainian state as real academic degrees.[145] The ADL has said that MAUP is the main source of antisemitic activity and publishing in Ukraine,[146] and its "anti-Semitic actions" were condemned by Foreign Minister Borys Tarasyuk and various organizations.[147][148][149][150] Duke has taught an international relations course and a history course at MAUP.[151] On June 3, 2005, Duke co-chaired a conference named "Zionism As the Biggest Threat to Modern Civilization" sponsored by MAUP and attended by several Ukrainian public figures and politicians and Israel Shamir, described by the ADL as an anti-Semitic writer.[152]

On the weekend of June 8–10, 2006, Duke attended as a speaker at the international "White World's Future" conference in Moscow, which was coordinated and hosted by Pavel Tulayev.[153]

Iranian Holocaust conference

From December 11–13, 2006, at the invitation of then Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Duke took part in the International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust, an event held in Tehran questioning the Holocaust. "The Zionists have used the Holocaust as a weapon to deny the rights of the Palestinians and cover up the crimes of Israel", Duke told a gathering of nearly 70 participants. "This conference has an incredible impact on Holocaust studies all over the world", said Duke.[154] According to Duke: "The Holocaust is the device used as the pillar of Zionist imperialism, Zionist aggression, Zionist terror and Zionist murder."[155]

Other affiliations and associations

Stormfront

In 1995, Don Black and Chloê Hardin, Duke's ex-wife, began a bulletin board system (BBS) called Stormfront. The website has become a prominent online forum for white nationalism, white separatism, Holocaust denial, neo-Nazism, hate speech and racism.[156][157][158] Duke is an active user of Stormfront, where he posts articles from his own website and polls forum members for opinions and questions. Duke has worked with Don Black on numerous occasions, including on Operation Red Dog (the attempted overthrowing of Dominica's government) in 1980.[159][160] Duke continued to be involved with the website's radio station in 2019.[161]

British National Party

In 2000, Nick Griffin (then leader of the British National Party in the United Kingdom) met with Duke at a seminar with the American Friends of the British National Party.[162] Griffin said:

instead of talking about racial purity, we talk about identity … that means basically to use the saleable words, as I say, freedom, security, identity, democracy. Nobody can criticise them. Nobody can come at you and attack you on those ideas. They are saleable.

— Nick Griffin[163][164][165]

This was widely reported in the media of the United Kingdom, as well as the meeting between Duke and Griffin, following electoral successes made by the party in 2009.[163][164][165]

Alt-right

Duke has written in praise of the alt-right, describing one broadcast as "fun and interesting"[166] and another as "this great show".[167] People for the American Way reported Duke championing the alt-right.[168] Duke described them as "our people" when describing their role in Donald Trump's election as president.[169]

There are also claims that while he is not an active member of the alt-right, he is an inspiration for the movement. The International Business Times described Duke as having "'Zieg-heiling acolytes in the so-called 'alt-right'".[170] The Forward has said that Duke "paved the way" for the alt-right movement.[171]

Legal difficulties and felony conviction

Tax fraud conviction and defrauding followers

On December 12, 2002, David Duke pleaded guilty to the felony charge of filing a false tax return under 26 U.S.C. § 7206 and mail fraud under 18 U.S.C. § 1341[11] According to The New York Times: "Mr. Duke was accused of telling supporters that he was in financial straits, then misusing the money they sent him from 1993 to 1999. He was also accused of filing a false 1998 tax return... Mr. Duke used the money for personal investments and gambling trips... [T]he [supporter] contributions were as small as $5 and [according to the United States attorney, Jim Letten] there were so many that returning the money would be 'unwieldy.'"[172]

Four months later, Duke was sentenced to 15 months in prison, and he served the time in Big Spring, Texas. He was also fined US$10,000 and ordered to cooperate with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and to pay money still owed for his 1998 taxes. Following his release in May 2004, he stated that his decision to take the plea bargain was motivated by the bias that he perceived in the United States federal court system and not his guilt. He said he felt the charges were contrived to derail his political career and discredit him to his followers, and that he took the safe route by pleading guilty and receiving a mitigated sentence rather than pleading not guilty and potentially receiving the full sentence.

The mail fraud charges stemmed from what prosecutors described as a six-year scheme to dupe thousands of his followers by asking for donations. Using the postal service, Duke appealed to his supporters for funds by fraudulently stating he was about to lose his house and his life savings. Prosecutors alleged that Duke raised hundreds of thousands of dollars in this scheme. Prosecutors also stipulated that in contrast to what he stated in the mailings, he sold his home at a hefty profit, had multiple investment accounts, and spent much of his money gambling at casinos.[12][173][174]

2009 arrest in the Czech Republic

 
Duke in Belgium in 2008

In April 2009, Duke traveled to the Czech Republic on invitation by a Czech neo-Nazi group known as Národní Odpor ("National Resistance") to deliver three lectures in Prague and Brno to promote the Czech translation of his book My Awakening.[175]

He was arrested on April 23 on suspicion of "denying or approving of the Nazi genocide and other Nazi crimes" and "promotion of movements seeking suppression of human rights", which are crimes in the Czech Republic punishable by up to three years' imprisonment. At the time of his arrest, Duke was reportedly guarded by members of the Národní Odpor.[176][177] The police released him early on April 25 on condition that he leave the country by midnight that same day.[178][179][180]

Duke's first lecture had been scheduled at Charles University in Prague, but it was canceled after university officials learned that neo-Nazis were planning to attend.[181] Some Czech politicians, including Interior Minister Ivan Langer and Human Rights and Minorities Minister Michael Kocáb, had previously expressed opposition to Duke's being allowed entrance into the Czech Republic.[176]

In September 2009, the office of the District Prosecutor for Prague dropped all charges, explaining that there was no evidence that Duke had committed any crime.[182]

2013 expulsion from Italy; Schengen Area ban

In 2013, an Italian court ruled in favor of expelling Duke from Italy.[183] Duke, then 63, was living in the mountain village Valle di Cadore in northern Italy. Although Duke had been issued a visa to live there by the Italian embassy in Malta, Italian police later found that Switzerland had issued a residence ban against Duke that applied throughout Europe's Schengen Area.[183]

Other publications

To raise money in 1976, Duke (using the double pseudonym James Konrad and Dorothy Vanderbilt) wrote a self-help book for women, Finders-Keepers: Finding and Keeping the Man You Want.[184] The book contains sexual, diet, fashion, cosmetic and relationship advice, and was published by Arlington Place Books, an offshoot of the National Socialist White People's Party.[185] Tulane University history professor Lawrence N. Powell, who read a rare copy of the book given to him by journalist Patsy Sims, wrote that it includes advice on vaginal exercises, oral and anal sex and advocated adultery. The puritan-inclined Klan was shocked by Duke's writing.[184][186][187] According to journalist Tyler Bridges, The Times-Picayune obtained a copy and traced its provenance to Duke,[188] who compiled the content from women's self-help magazines.[22] Duke has admitted using the pseudonym Konrad.[189]

He also wrote African Atto under the pseudonym Mohammed X in 1970s, a martial arts guide for black militants; he claimed it was a means of developing a mailing list to keep watch over such activists.[13]

Personal life

While working in the White Youth Alliance, Duke met Chloê Eleanor Hardin, who was also active in the group. They remained companions throughout college and married in 1974. Hardin is the mother of Duke's two daughters, Erika and Kristin. The Dukes divorced in 1984,[190] and Chloe moved to West Palm Beach, Florida, in order to be near her parents. There, she became involved with Duke's Klan friend Don Black, whom she later married.[191] Duke rented out an apartment in Moscow beginning around 1999.[128] He lived in Russia for five years. Duke currently resides in Mandeville, Louisiana.[192]

In the media

Duke is portrayed by actor Topher Grace in the Spike Lee film BlacKkKlansman (2018).[193] Duke was banned from Facebook in 2018, over a year after his participation in the Unite the Right rally.[41] Duke was banned from YouTube in late June 2020 for repeated violation of the platform's policies against hate speech, along with Richard Spencer and Stefan Molyneux.[194] Duke's Twitter account was permanently suspended at the end of July 2020 for violating the company's rules on hateful conduct.[41][195][196]

Self-published books

  • Duke, David Jewish Supremacism (Free Speech Press, 2003; 350 pages) ISBN 1-892796-05-8
  • Duke, David My Awakening (Free Speech Books, 1998; 736 pages) ISBN 1-892796-00-7

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ "The Latest: Ex-KKK leader Duke: 'My time has come'". The San Diego Union-Tribune. July 22, 2016. from the original on August 13, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
  2. ^ West, Paul (December 5, 1991). "David Duke takes aim at presidency La. legislator unveils GOP primary bid". Baltimore Sun. Baltimore Sun Media. from the original on September 9, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Reed, Julia (April 9, 1992). "His Brilliant Career". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved October 21, 2019. (subscription required)
  4. ^ Zeffman, Henry (August 3, 2018). "Former KKK wizard David Duke praised Jeremy Corbyn victory". The Times. London. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
  5. ^ Barrouquere, Brett (May 17, 2019). "White Shadow: David Duke's Lasting Influence on American White Supremacy". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
  6. ^ a b (PDF). Anti-Defamation League. 2013 [c. 2009]. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 10, 2017. Retrieved February 15, 2020.
  7. ^ a b c Suro, Roberto (November 7, 1991). "THE 1991 ELECTION: Louisiana; Bush Denounces Duke As Racist and Charlatan." December 29, 2018, at the Wayback Machine The New York Times
  8. ^ a b Duke, David. . My Awakening. SolarGeneral. Archived from the original on April 30, 2007. Retrieved November 13, 2006.
  9. ^ Duke, David (October 23, 2004). . Archived from the original on October 29, 2006. Retrieved November 13, 2006.
  10. ^ a b "David Duke: In His Own Words / On Segregation". Anti-Defamation League. from the original on May 15, 2012. Retrieved November 13, 2006.
  11. ^ a b c David Duke pleads to mail fraud, tax charges September 17, 2012, at the Wayback Machine USA Today. December 18, 2002. Retrieved July 18, 2015.
  12. ^ a b . Fox News. Associated Press. March 12, 2003. Archived from the original on December 7, 2018.
  13. ^ a b c Applebome, Peter (November 19, 1991). "Duke: The Ex-Nazi Who Would Be Governor". The New York Times. Retrieved March 8, 2020.
  14. ^ Bridges (1995), p. 5
  15. ^ Bridges (1995), p. 11
  16. ^ Harrison, Joanne (March 21, 2009). "Voices -- David Duke, 1989". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 21, 2021. David's version of how he came to his 'racialist' views begins as a freshman in high school. 'In those days I held liberal views because that's the pabulum that's fed to you,' he says now. 'Then one day a teacher assigned me to take the anti-integration argument in a report because she knew I was for it, and I finally found books like Race and Reason by Carlton Putnam, and that book had a big influence on me.'...The staff at Clifton Ganus School, where Duke was given the assignment he now sees as an epiphany, has been doing a lot of soul searching ever since Duke began to tell this story.
  17. ^ Duke, David. My Awakening. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
  18. ^ a b c Foxman, Abraham (January 1999). . Anti-Defamation League. Archived from the original on November 14, 2006.
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  21. ^ Issues '92 Profile: David Duke; The Orange County Register. Santa Ana, California: March 2, 1992. pp. a.04
  22. ^ a b c d Bridges, Tyler (1995). The Rise of David Duke. University of Mississippi Press. ISBN 978-0-87805-678-1.
  23. ^ Josh Levin (June 10, 2020). . Slow Burn (Podcast). Season 4 Episode 2. Slate. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020. As a student at LSU, [David] Duke wrote letters to the National Socialist White People's Party, the group formerly known as the American Nazi Party. These Nazis invited Duke to their annual conference in Virginia and suggested that he carpool with two other white supremacists. Here's the author, Eli Saslow. One of them was about his age. A guy named Joseph Paul Franklin. The other was about two or three years younger. A guy named Don Black. And they piled into this car and started driving, you know, at 800 miles up the highway. And over the course of those hours, these three kids became really close.{{cite podcast}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  24. ^ a b Bridges, Tyler (1995). The Rise of David Duke. University Press of Mississippi. pp. 26–29. ISBN 978-0-87805-684-2.
  25. ^ Burkett, B.G. (1998). Stolen Valor: How the Vietnam Generation was robbed of its heroes and history. Verity Press. ISBN 978-0-9667036-0-3.
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Bibliography

  • Bridges, Tyler (1995) The Rise of David Duke. Mississippi University Press. ISBN 0-87805-678-5
  • Rose, Douglas D. (1992) The Emergence of David Duke and the Politics of Race. University of North Carolina Press.
  • McQuaid, John (April 13, 2003) "Ex-Klan Leader Is Popular in Europe, Mideast, Even as He Heads to Jail Here", New Orleans Times-Picayune
  • Vierling, Alfred: Interview, Interview July 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  • Zatarain, Michael (1990) David Duke: Evolution of a Klansman. Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Publishing, 1990. ISBN 0-88289-817-5

Further reading

External links

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to David Duke.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to David Duke.
  • Official website

Filmography

Party political offices
Preceded by Populist nominee for President of the United States
1988 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Robert M. Ross
 Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from Louisiana
(Class 2)
1990 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Republican nominee for Governor of Louisiana
1991 		Succeeded by
Louisiana House of Representatives
Preceded by
Chuck Cusimano
 Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives
from the 81st district
1989–1992 		Succeeded by

May 04, 2023
david, duke, other, people, with, same, name, disambiguation, david, ernest, duke, born, july, 1950, american, white, supremacist, antisemitic, conspiracy, theorist, former, grand, wizard, knights, klux, klan, from, 1989, 1992, member, louisiana, house, repres. For other people with the same name see David Duke disambiguation David Ernest Duke born July 1 1950 is an American white supremacist antisemitic conspiracy theorist and former Grand Wizard of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan 3 From 1989 to 1992 he was a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives for the Republican Party His politics and writings are largely devoted to promoting conspiracy theories about Jews such as Holocaust denial and Jewish control of academia the press and the financial system 4 5 In 2013 the Anti Defamation League described Duke as perhaps America s most well known racist and anti Semite 6 David DukeDuke as Grand Wizard c 1974Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from the 81st districtIn office February 18 1989 January 13 1992Preceded byChuck CusimanoSucceeded byDavid VitterGrand Wizard of theKnights of the Ku Klux KlanIn office 1974 1980Preceded byPosition establishedSucceeded byDon BlackPersonal detailsBornDavid Ernest Duke 1950 07 01 July 1 1950 age 72 Tulsa Oklahoma U S Political partyRepublican 1989 1999 2016 present 1 Other politicalaffiliationsReform 1999 2001 Populist 1988 1989 Democratic 1975 1988 American Nazi before 1975 2 SpouseChloe Eleanor Hardin m 1974 div 1984 wbr Children2EducationLouisiana State University BA Duke unsuccessfully stood as Democratic candidate for state legislature during the 1970s and 1980s culminating in his campaign for the 1988 Democratic presidential nomination After failing to gain any traction within the Democratic Party Duke left and successfully gained the presidential nomination of the minor Populist Party In December 1988 he became a Republican and claimed to have become a born again Christian while nominally renouncing antisemitism and racism 7 He soon won his only elected office a seat in the Louisiana House of Representatives He then ran unsuccessful but competitive campaigns for several more offices including United States Senate in 1990 and Governor of Louisiana in 1991 His campaigns were denounced by national and state Republican leaders including President George H W Bush He mounted a minor challenge to President Bush in 1992 By the late 1990s Duke had abandoned his pretense of rejecting racism and antisemitism and began to openly promote racist and neo Nazi viewpoints He then began to devote himself to writing about his political views both in newsletters and later on the Internet In his writings he denigrates African Americans and other ethnic minorities and promotes conspiracy theories about a Jewish plot to control America and the world 8 9 10 He continued to run for public office through 2016 however following his reversion to open neo Nazism his candidacies were not competitive During the 1990s Duke defrauded his political supporters by pretending to be in dire financial straits and soliciting money for basic necessities At the time Duke was in fact financially secure and used the money for recreational gambling 11 In December 2002 Duke pleaded guilty to felony fraud and subsequently served a 15 month sentence at Federal Correctional Institution Big Spring in Texas 11 12 Contents 1 Early life 1 1 1972 arrest in New Orleans 1 2 Knights of the Ku Klux Klan 2 Political and ideological activities 2 1 Early campaigns 2 2 1988 presidential campaign 2 3 1989 Successful run in special election for Louisiana House seat 2 4 As state representative 2 5 1990 campaign for U S Senate 2 6 1991 campaign for Governor of Louisiana 2 7 1992 Republican Party presidential candidate 2 8 1996 campaign for U S Senate 2 9 1999 campaign for U S House 2 10 New Orleans Protocol 2 11 Political activity 1999 2012 2 12 Donald Trump advocacy 2 13 2016 campaign for U S Senate 2 14 2020 United States presidential election endorsement 3 Antisemitism 3 1 Racial theories 3 2 Claims of Jewish supremacy 3 3 Supposed Zionist control 3 4 Holocaust denier Ernst Zundel 3 5 Activities in Ukraine and Russia 2005 2006 3 6 Iranian Holocaust conference 4 Other affiliations and associations 4 1 Stormfront 4 2 British National Party 4 3 Alt right 5 Legal difficulties and felony conviction 5 1 Tax fraud conviction and defrauding followers 5 2 2009 arrest in the Czech Republic 5 3 2013 expulsion from Italy Schengen Area ban 6 Other publications 7 Personal life 8 In the media 9 Self published books 10 See also 11 References 12 External linksEarly life Duke as a teenager Duke was born on July 1 1950 in Tulsa Oklahoma to Maxine nee Crick and David Hedger Duke the younger of two children 13 As the son of an engineer for Shell Oil Company Duke frequently moved with his family around the world During 1954 they lived a short time in the Netherlands before settling in an all white area of New Orleans Louisiana in 1955 14 His mother was an alcoholic his father permanently left in 1966 for Laos taking a job with United States Agency for International Development USAID 15 While in New Orleans Duke attended the Clifton L Ganus School a conservative Church of Christ sponsored school He attributed the start of his segregationist awakening as being started during his research for an eighth grade project at this school After his freshman year Duke transferred to Warren Easton Senior High in New Orleans For his junior year he attended Riverside Military Academy in Gainesville Georgia His senior year he was back in New Orleans at integrated John F Kennedy High School and by the time he graduated was already a member of the Klan 16 17 In 1964 Duke began his involvement in radical right politics after attending a Citizens Councils CCA meeting and reading Carleton Putnam s pro segregation books later citing Race and Reason A Yankee View 1961 as being responsible for his enlightenment 18 Putnam s book asserted the genetic superiority of whites Also during his adolescence Duke began to read books about Nazism and the Third Reich and his speeches at CCA meetings began to be more explicitly pro Nazi 19 This was enough to gain him disapproval from some members who were more anti black racists rather than antisemitic While attending Riverside Military Academy his class was disciplined after Duke was found to be in possession of a Nazi flag and in public school he vociferously protested the lowering of the flag after the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr 19 20 In the late 1960s Duke met William Luther Pierce the leader of the neo Nazi and white nationalist National Alliance who would remain a lifelong influence on him Duke joined the Ku Klux Klan KKK in 1967 3 21 In 1968 Duke enrolled at Louisiana State University LSU in Baton Rouge In 1970 he formed a white student group called the White Youth Alliance that was affiliated with the National Socialist White People s Party He appeared at a demonstration in Nazi uniform carrying a sign reading Gas the Chicago 7 a group of left wing anti war activists Kunstler had defended and Kunstler is a Communist Jew to protest lawyer William Kunstler s appearance at Tulane University in New Orleans 19 20 3 22 Picketing and holding parties on the anniversary of Adolf Hitler s birth he became known on the LSU campus for wearing a Nazi uniform 22 While a student at LSU Duke traveled on a road trip to an American Nazi Party conference in Virginia with white supremacists Joseph Paul Franklin later convicted of multiple acts of racial and antisemitic terrorism and executed for serial murder and Don Black 23 Duke says that he spent nine months in Laos calling it a normal tour of duty He joined his father who remained working there and had asked his son to visit during the summer of 1971 24 His father helped him gain a job teaching English to Laotian military officers from which he was dismissed after six weeks when he drew a Molotov cocktail on the blackboard 25 He also claimed to have gone behind enemy lines 20 times at night to drop rice to anti communist insurgents in planes flying 10 feet 3 0 m off the ground narrowly avoiding receiving a shrapnel wound Two Air America pilots who were in Laos at that time said that the planes only flew during the day and that they also flew no less than 500 feet 150 m from the ground One pilot suggested that it might have been possible for Duke to have gone on a safe milk run once or twice but no more than that Duke was also unable to recall the name of the airfield that he had used 24 1972 arrest in New Orleans In January 1972 Duke was arrested in New Orleans for inciting a riot Several racial confrontations broke out that month in the city including one at the Robert E Lee Monument involving Duke Addison Roswell Thompson a perennial segregationist candidate for governor of Louisiana and mayor of New Orleans and his 89 year old friend and mentor Rene LaCoste Thompson and LaCoste dressed in Klan robes for the occasion and placed a Confederate flag at the monument The Black Panthers began throwing bricks at the two men but police arrived in time to prevent serious injury 26 In 1972 Duke was charged with soliciting campaign funds for presidential candidate George Wallace and then keeping the proceeds He was also charged with filling glass containers with a flammable liquid banned under a New Orleans ordinance Both charges were eventually dropped 19 Knights of the Ku Klux Klan In 1974 Duke founded the Louisiana based Knights of the Ku Klux Klan KKKK shortly after graduating from LSU 19 27 He became the youngest ever grand wizard of the KKKK in 1976 3 Duke first received broad public attention during this time as he endeavored to market himself in the mid 1970s as a new brand of Klansman well groomed engaged and professional Duke also reformed the organization promoting nonviolence and legality third party source needed and for the first time in the Klan s history women were accepted as equal members and Catholics were encouraged to apply for membership 28 Duke would repeatedly insist that the Klan was not anti black but rather pro white and pro Christian Duke told the British Daily Telegraph newspaper that he left the Klan in 1980 because he disliked its associations with violence and could not stop the members of other Klan chapters from doing stupid or violent things 29 It was asserted by Julia Reed in The New York Review of Books in April 1992 that Duke was forced to leave the Klan after selling a copy of its membership records to a rival Klan leader who was a Federal Bureau of Investigation FBI informer 3 Political and ideological activitiesEarly campaigns Duke first ran for a seat in the Louisiana State Senate as a Democrat from a Baton Rouge district in 1975 During his campaign he was allowed to speak on the college campuses of Vanderbilt University Indiana University the University of Southern California Stanford University and Tulane University 30 He received 11 079 votes one third of those cast 13 31 Duke ran for a seat in the state senate again in 1979 but placed second to incumbent Senator Joe Tiemann 32 33 In the late 1970s Duke was accused by several Klan officials of stealing the organization s money Duke is nothing but a con artist Jack Gregory Duke s Florida state leader told the Clearwater Sun after Duke allegedly refused to turn over proceeds from a series of 1979 Klan rallies to the Knights Another Klan official under Duke Jerry Dutton told reporters that Duke had used Klan funds to purchase and refurbish his home in Metairie Duke later justified the repairs by saying most of his home was used by the Klan He ran for the Democratic presidential nomination during the 1980 presidential election Despite being six years too young to be qualified to run for president Duke attempted to place his name onto the ballot in twelve states stating that he wanted to be a power broker who could select issues and form a platform representing the majority of this country at the Democratic National Convention 34 35 He pled guilty in 1979 to disturbing the peace when he led seventy to one hundred Klansmen to surround police vehicles in a Metairie hotel parking lot in September 1976 and was fined 100 and given a three month suspended sentence Duke and James K Warner had originally been convicted on that charge in 1977 but the Louisiana Supreme Court had reversed the ruling due to the state having introduced illegal evidence 36 37 Duke was arrested for illegally entering Canada in order to discuss third world immigration into Canada on a talk show 38 He left the Ku Klux Klan in 1980 after he was accused of trying to sell the organization s mailing list for 35 000 He founded the National Association for the Advancement of White People and served as its president after leaving the Klan 39 40 41 Using the group s newsletter he promoted Holocaust denial literature for sale such as The Hoax of the Twentieth Century and Did Six Million Really Die 3 Duke allegedly conducted a direct mail appeal in 1987 using the identity and mailing list of the Georgia Forsyth County Defense League without permission League officials described it as a fundraising scam 42 1988 presidential campaign Main article David Duke 1988 presidential campaign In 1988 Duke ran initially in the Democratic presidential primaries His campaign had limited impact with one minor exception as the only candidate on the ballot he won the little known New Hampshire vice presidential primary 43 Duke having failed to gain much traction as a Democrat then sought and gained the presidential nomination of the Populist Party an organization founded by Willis Carto 44 45 He appeared on the ballot for president in 11 states and was a write in candidate in some other states some with Trenton Stokes of Arkansas for vice president and on other state ballots with Floyd Parker a physician from New Mexico 46 for vice president He received just 47 047 votes for 0 04 of the national popular vote 47 1989 Successful run in special election for Louisiana House seat In December 1988 Duke changed his political affiliation from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party 48 In 1988 Republican state representative Charles Cusimano of Metairie resigned his District 81 seat to become a 24th Judicial District Court judge and a special election was called early in 1989 to select a successor Duke entered the race to succeed Cusimano and faced several opponents including fellow Republicans John Spier Treen a brother of former governor David C Treen Delton Charles a school board member and Roger F Villere Jr who operates Villere s Florist in Metairie Duke finished first in the primary with 3 995 votes 33 1 49 As no one received a majority of the vote in the first round a runoff election was required between Duke and Treen who polled 2 277 votes 18 9 in the first round of balloting Treen s candidacy was endorsed by U S president George H W Bush former president Ronald Reagan and other prominent Republicans 50 as well as Democrats Victor Bussie president of the Louisiana AFL CIO and Edward J Steimel president of the Louisiana Association of Business and Industry and former director of the good government think tank the Public Affairs Research Council Duke however criticized Treen on a statement the latter had made indicating a willingness to entertain higher property taxes anathema in that suburban district 51 Duke with 8 459 votes 50 7 defeated Treen who polled 8 232 votes 49 3 52 He served in the House from 1989 until 1992 53 Freshman legislator Odon Bacque of Lafayette a No Party member of the House stood alone in 1989 when he attempted to deny seating to Duke on the grounds that the incoming representative had resided outside his district at the time of his election When Treen failed in a court challenge in regard to Duke s residency the latter was seated Lawmakers who opposed Duke said that they had to defer to his constituents who narrowly chose him as representative 54 As state representative Duke took his seat on the same day as Jerry Luke LeBlanc of Lafayette Parish who won another special election held on the same day as the Duke Treen runoff to choose a successor to Kathleen Blanco the future governor who was elected to the Louisiana Public Service Commission Duke and LeBlanc were sworn in separately Colleague Ron Gomez of Lafayette stated that Duke as a short term legislator was so single minded he never really became involved in the nuts and bolts of House rules and parliamentary procedure It was just that shortcoming that led to the demise of most of his attempts at lawmaking 55 One legislative issue pushed by Duke was the requirement that welfare recipients be tested for the use of narcotics The recipients had to show themselves to be drug free to receive state and federal benefits under his proposal 56 57 58 Gomez in his 2000 autobiography said that he recalls Duke obtaining the passage of only a single bill legislation which prohibited movie producers or book publishers from compensating jurors for accounts of their court experiences 59 Duke launched unsuccessful campaigns for the U S Senate in 1990 and governor in 1991 60 1990 campaign for U S Senate Main article United States Senate election in Louisiana 1990 Though Duke had first hesitated about entering the Senate race he made his announcement of candidacy for the nonpartisan blanket primary held on October 6 1990 Duke was the only Republican in competition against three Democrats including incumbent U S senator J Bennett Johnston Jr of Shreveport 61 whom Duke derided as J Benedict Johnston 62 Former governor David Treen whose brother John Treen Duke had defeated for state representative in 1989 called Duke s senatorial platform garbage I think he is bad for our party because of his espousal of Nazism and racial superiority 63 The Republican Party officially endorsed state senator Ben Bagert of New Orleans in a state convention on January 13 1990 but national GOP officials in October just days before the primary election concluded that Bagert could not win To avoid a runoff between Duke and Johnston the GOP decided to surrender the primary to Johnston Funding for Bagert s campaign was halted and after initial protest Bagert dropped out two days before the election With such a late withdrawal Bagert s name remained on the ballot but his votes most of which were presumably cast as absentee ballots were not counted 64 65 Duke received 43 51 percent 607 391 votes of the primary vote to Johnston s 53 93 percent 752 902 votes 61 Duke s views prompted some of his critics including Republicans such as journalist Quin Hillyer to form the Louisiana Coalition Against Racism and Nazism which directed media attention to Duke s statements of hostility to blacks and Jews 66 In a 2006 Financial Times editorial Gideon Rachman recalled interviewing Duke s 1990 campaign manager who said The Jews just aren t a big issue in Louisiana We keep telling David stick to attacking the blacks There s no point in going after the Jews you just piss them off and nobody here cares about them anyway 67 1991 campaign for Governor of Louisiana Main article 1991 Louisiana gubernatorial election Despite repudiation by the Republican Party 68 Duke ran for governor of Louisiana in 1991 In the primary Duke finished second to former governor Edwin W Edwards in votes thus he faced Edwards in a runoff In the initial round Duke received 32 of the vote Incumbent governor Buddy Roemer who had switched from the Democratic to Republican parties during his term came in third with 27 of the vote Duke effectively killed Roemer s bid for reelection Although Duke had a sizable core constituency of devoted supporters many voted for him as a protest vote to register dissatisfaction with Louisiana s establishment politicians In response to criticism for his past white supremacist activities Duke s stock response was to apologize for his past and declare that he was a born again Christian 69 During the campaign Duke said he was the spokesman for the white majority 70 and according to The New York Times equated the extermination of Jews in Nazi Germany with affirmative action programs in the United States 7 The Christian Coalition of America which exerted considerable impact on the Republican State Central Committee was led in Louisiana by its national director and vice president Billy McCormack then the pastor of University Worship Center in Shreveport The coalition was accused of having failed to investigate Duke in the early part of his political resurgence By the time of the 1991 gubernatorial election however its leadership had withdrawn support from Duke 71 Despite Duke s status as the only Republican in the runoff incumbent president George H W Bush a Republican opposed his candidacy and denounced him as a charlatan and a racist 7 White House chief of staff John H Sununu stated The president is absolutely opposed to the kind of racist statements that have come out of David Duke now and in the past 72 The Louisiana Coalition Against Racism and Nazism rallied against Duke s gubernatorial campaign Elizabeth Rickey a moderate member of the Louisiana Republican State Central Committee and niece of Branch Rickey began to follow Duke to record his speeches and expose what she saw as instances of racist and neo Nazi remarks For a time Duke took Rickey to lunch introduced her to his daughters telephoned her late at night and tried to convince her of his beliefs including that the Holocaust was a myth Auschwitz physician Josef Mengele was a medical genius and that blacks and Jews were responsible for various social ills Rickey released transcripts of their conversations to the press and also provided evidence establishing that Duke sold Nazi literature such as Mein Kampf from his legislative office and attended neo Nazi political gatherings while he held elective office 73 74 Between the primary and the runoff called the general election under Louisiana election rules in which all candidates run on one ballot regardless of party white supremacist organizations from around the country contributed to Duke s campaign fund 75 10 Duke s rise garnered national media attention While he gained the backing of former Alexandria mayor John K Snyder Duke won few serious endorsements in Louisiana Celebrities and organizations donated thousands of dollars to former Governor Edwin Edwards campaign Referencing Edwards long standing problem with accusations of corruption popular bumper stickers read Vote for the Crook It s Important 76 77 and Vote for the Lizard not the Wizard When a reporter asked Edwards what he needed to do to triumph over Duke Edwards replied with a smile Stay alive The runoff debate held on November 6 1991 received significant attention when journalist Norman Robinson questioned Duke Robinson who is African American told Duke that he was scared at the prospect of Duke winning the election because of his history of diabolical evil vile racist and antisemitic comments some of which he read to Duke He then pressed Duke for an apology and when Duke protested that Robinson was not being fair to him Robinson replied that he did not think Duke was being honest Jason Berry of the Los Angeles Times called it startling TV and the catalyst for the overwhelming turnout of black voters who helped Edwards defeat Duke 69 Edwards received 1 057 031 votes 61 2 while Duke s 671 009 votes represented 38 8 of the total Duke nevertheless claimed victory saying I won my constituency I won 55 of the white vote a statistic confirmed by exit polls 22 Duke rather than Edwards was on network television the following day his rival refused to appear with him 3 1992 Republican Party presidential candidate Main article Republican Party presidential primaries 1992 Duke ran as a Republican in the 1992 presidential primaries although Republican Party officials tried to block his participation 78 He received 119 115 0 94 votes 79 in the primaries but no delegates to the 1992 Republican National Convention 80 A documentary film Backlash Race and the American Dream 1992 investigated Duke s appeal among some white voters Backlash explored the demagogic issues of Duke s platform examining his use of black crime welfare affirmative action and white supremacy and tied Duke to a legacy of other white backlash politicians such as Lester G Maddox and George Wallace and the use in the successful 1988 presidential campaign of George H W Bush of these same racially themed hot buttons 81 1996 campaign for U S Senate Main article United States Senate election in Louisiana 1996 When Johnston announced his retirement in 1996 Duke ran again for the U S Senate He polled 141 489 votes 11 5 Former Republican state representative Woody Jenkins of Baton Rouge and Democrat Mary Landrieu of New Orleans the former state treasurer went into the general election contest Duke was fourth in the nine person jungle primary race 82 1999 campaign for U S House A special election was held in Louisiana s First Congressional District following the sudden resignation of Republican incumbent Bob Livingston in 1999 Duke sought the seat as a Republican and received 19 of the vote He finished a close third thus failing to make the runoff His candidacy was repudiated by the Republicans 83 Republican Party chairman Jim Nicholson remarked There is no room in the party of Lincoln for a Klansman like David Duke 83 Republican state representative David Vitter later a U S senator went on to defeat former governor Treen Also in the race was the New Orleans Republican leader Rob Couhig 84 New Orleans Protocol Duke organized a weekend gathering of European Nationalists in Kenner Louisiana In an attempt to overcome the splintering and division in the white nationalist movement that had followed the death in 2002 of leader William Luther Pierce Duke presented a unity proposal for peace within the movement and a better image for outsiders His proposal was accepted and is now known as the New Orleans Protocol NOP It pledges adherents to a pan European outlook recognizing national and ethnic allegiance but stressing the value of all European peoples Signed by and sponsored by a number of white supremacist leaders and organizations it has three provisions 85 86 Zero tolerance for violence Honorable and ethical behavior in relations with other signatory groups This includes not denouncing others who have signed this protocol In other words no enemies on the right Maintaining a high tone in our arguments and public presentations Those who signed the pact on May 29 2004 include Duke Don Black Paul Fromm Willis Carto whose Holocaust denying The Barnes Review helped sponsor the event Kevin Alfred Strom and John Tyndall signing as an individual not on behalf of the British National Party 85 The Southern Poverty Law Center SPLC said that the high tone of the NOP contrasted with statements at the event where the pact was signed such as Paul Fromm s calling a Muslim woman a hag in a bag and Sam Dickson from the Council of Conservative Citizens another sponsor speaking about the very very destructive effect of opposing the Nazis in World War II opposition that caused people to view Hitler s normal healthy racial values as evil 85 The SPLC described the NOP as a smokescreen saying that most of the conference participants ire was directed at what they consider to be a worldwide Jewish conspiracy to destroy the white race through immigration and miscegenation 87 Political activity 1999 2012 Duke joined the Reform Party in 1999 Duke would leave the party after the election 88 In 2004 Duke s bodyguard roommate and longtime associate Roy Armstrong made a bid for the U S House of Representatives running as a Democrat to serve Louisiana s First Congressional District In the open primary Armstrong finished second in the six candidate field with 6 69 of the vote but Republican Bobby Jindal received 78 40 thus winning the seat 89 Duke was the head advisor of Armstrong s campaign 90 91 Duke claimed that thousands of Tea Party movement activists had urged him to run for president in 2012 92 93 and that he was seriously considering entering the Republican Party primaries 93 However Duke ultimately did not contest the primaries won by Mitt Romney who lost the presidential election to incumbent Barack Obama 94 Donald Trump advocacy In 2015 it was reported by the media that Duke endorsed then presidential nominee Donald Trump 95 96 Duke later clarified in an interview with The Daily Beast in August 2015 that while he viewed Trump as the best of the lot due to his stance on immigration Trump s support for Israel was a deal breaker for him Duke claimed that Trump has made it very clear that he s 1 000 percent dedicated to Israel so how much is left over for America 97 In December 2015 Duke said Donald Trump speaks more radically than he does advising that Trump s radical speech is both a positive and a negative 98 99 In February 2016 Duke urged his listeners to vote Trump saying that voting for anyone besides Donald Trump is really treason to your heritage Trump Duke believed was by far the best candidate 100 101 When asked whether he renounced Duke s support Trump responded I don t know anything about David Duke Okay I know nothing about white supremacists And so you re asking me a question that I m supposed to be talking about people that I know nothing about 102 For the 2020 presidential election Duke again expressed his preference for Donald Trump over Joe Biden which was widely interpreted as an endorsement 103 Duke urged President Trump to replace his vice president Mike Pence with talk show host Tucker Carlson claiming such a ticket was the only way to stop the commie Bolsheviks 104 2016 campaign for U S Senate Main article 2016 United States Senate election in Louisiana On July 22 2016 Duke announced that he was planning to run for the Republican nomination for the United States Senate seat in Louisiana being vacated by Republican David Vitter 105 He stated that he was running to defend the rights of European Americans He claimed that his platform has become the Republican mainstream and added I m overjoyed to see Donald Trump and most Americans embrace most of the issues that I ve championed for years However Trump s campaign reaffirmed that Trump disavows Duke s support and Republican organizations said they will not support him under any circumstances 106 On August 5 2016 National Public Radio NPR aired an interview between Duke and Steve Inskeep in which Duke claimed that there was widespread racism against European Americans that they have been subject to vicious attacks in the media and that Trump s voters were also his voters 107 108 Duke in 2020 A Mason Dixon poll released on October 20 2016 showed Duke receiving support from 5 1 of voters in the state barely clearing the 5 requirement for a candidate to be allowed to participate in a November 2 debate 109 Duke received 3 of the vote on Election Day with a total of 58 581 votes out of nearly 2 million cast He came in 7th place in Louisiana s open primary 110 Those who made donations to the campaign were publicly outed in several states in 2017 leading to boycotts lost business and one restaurant to close entirely 111 112 2020 United States presidential election endorsement In February 2019 the media reported Duke had endorsed presidential candidate Tulsi Gabbard for the Democratic ticket and changed his Twitter banner to a picture of Gabbard He tweeted Tulsi Gabbard for President Finally a candidate who will actually put America First rather than Israel First 113 Gabbard refused Duke s support I have strongly denounced David Duke s hateful views and his so called support multiple times in the past and reject his support 114 Following Gabbard s defeat Duke endorsed president Donald Trump for re election 115 AntisemitismRacial theories In 1998 Duke self published the autobiographical My Awakening A Path to Racial Understanding 18 The book details Duke s social philosophies including his advocacy of racial separation We Whites desire to live in our own neighborhoods go to our own schools work in our own cities and towns and ultimately live as one extended family in our own nation We shall end the racial genocide of integration We shall work for the eventual establishment of a separate homeland for African Americans so each race will be free to pursue its own destiny without racial conflicts and ill will 8 A book review by Abraham Foxman then the National Director of the Anti Defamation League ADL describes My Awakening as containing racist antisemitic sexist and homophobic opinions 18 Duke promotes the white genocide conspiracy theory and explicitly claims that Jews are organising white genocide 116 117 118 119 120 In 2017 he accused Anthony Bourdain of promoting white genocide 121 122 An ADL profile of Duke states Although Duke denies that he is a white supremacist and avoids the term in public speeches and writings the policies and positions he advocates state clearly that white people are the only ones morally qualified to determine the rights that should apply to other ethnic groups 6 Claims of Jewish supremacy Duke right with Udo Voigt the former leader of the National Democratic Party of Germany NPD In 2001 Duke promoted his book Jewish Supremacism My Awakening to the Jewish Question in Russia In this work he purports to examine and document elements of ethnic supremacism that have existed in the Jewish community from historical to modern times 123 The book is dedicated to Israel Shahak a critical author of what Shahak saw as supremacist religious teachings in Jewish culture Former Boris Yeltsin press minister Boris Mironov wrote an introduction for the Russian edition printed under the title The Jewish Question Through the Eyes of an American The work draws on the writings of Kevin B MacDonald including multiple uses of the same sources and citations 124 The Anti Defamation League office in Moscow urged the Moscow prosecutor to open an investigation into Mironov The ADL office initiated a letter from Alexander Fedulov a prominent member of the Duma to Prosecutor General Vladimir Ustinov urging a criminal case be opened against the author and the Russian publisher of Duke s book In his letter Fedulov described the book as antisemitic and a violation of Russian anti hate crime laws 125 Around December 2001 the prosecutor s office closed the investigation of Boris Mironov and Jewish Supremacism In a public letter Yury Biryukov First Deputy of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation stated that a psychological examination which was conducted as a part of the investigation concluded that the book and the actions of Boris Mironov did not break Russian hate crime laws 126 The ADL has described the book as antisemitic 127 At one time the book was sold in the main lobby of the building of the Russian State Duma lower house of parliament 128 After the publication in March 2006 of a paper on the Israel lobby by professors John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt Duke praised the paper in a number of articles on his website in his broadcasts and on MSNBC s March 21 Scarborough Country program 129 According to The New York Sun Duke said in an email he was surprised how excellent the paper is It is quite satisfying to see a body in the premier American university essentially come out and validate every major point I have been making since even before the war in Iraq even started The task before us is to wrest control of America s foreign policy and critical junctures of media from the Jewish extremist Neocons that seek to lead us into what they expectantly call World War IV 130 131 Stephen Walt stated I have always found Mr Duke s views reprehensible and I am sorry he sees this article as consistent with his view of the world 130 In 2015 after 47 Senate Republicans warned Iran that agreements made with the US that were not ratified by the Senate were liable to be repudiated by a future president Duke told Fox News Alan Colmes that the signatories should become a Jew put on a yarmulke because they are not Americans they have sold their soul to the Jewish power in this country and the Jewish power overseas 132 133 His website has hosted articles by authors claiming that Jewish loan sharks own the Federal Reserve Bank 134 and that Jews own Hollywood and the U S media 135 Supposed Zionist control In the post 9 11 issue of his newsletter Duke wrote that reason should tell us that even if Israeli agents were not the actual provocateurs behind the operation on 9 11 at the very least they had prior knowledge Zionists caused the attack America endured just as surely as if they themselves had piloted those planes It was caused by the Jewish control of the American media and Congress 136 In an interview for the Iranian Press TV on September 11 2012 Duke said There are Israeli fingerprints all over the whole 9 11 aspect Israel has a long record of terrorism against America there are a lot of reasons that Israel wanted 9 11 to happen Of the Iraq War according to Duke The Zionists orchestrated and created this war in the media the government and international finance 137 In another appearance on Press TV the following year Duke said Congress is totally in the hands of the Zionists The Zionists control the American government lock stock and barrel According to him the supposed control of America by Jews is the world s greatest single problem 138 Holocaust denier Ernst Zundel Duke expressed support for Holocaust denier Ernst Zundel a German emigrant in Canada Duke made a number of statements supporting Zundel and his campaign of Holocaust denial 139 Zundel was deported from Canada to Germany 140 and imprisoned in Germany on charges of inciting the masses to ethnic hatred After Zundel died in August 2017 Duke referred to him as being a very heroic and courageous European preservationist 141 Activities in Ukraine and Russia 2005 2006 In the 1990s Duke traveled to Russia several times meeting antisemitic Russian politicians such as Vladimir Zhirinovsky and Albert Makashov 19 In September 2005 the Ukrainian private university Interregional Academy of Personnel Management MAUP described by the Anti Defamation League ADL as a University of Hate gave Duke a non accredited PhD in history 142 143 His doctoral thesis was titled Zionism as a Form of Ethnic Supremacism 142 The PhD program of MAUP was not accredited by the Higher Attestation Commission of Ukraine or its successor the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine 144 so its PhD diplomas are not recognized by the Ukrainian state as real academic degrees 145 The ADL has said that MAUP is the main source of antisemitic activity and publishing in Ukraine 146 and its anti Semitic actions were condemned by Foreign Minister Borys Tarasyuk and various organizations 147 148 149 150 Duke has taught an international relations course and a history course at MAUP 151 On June 3 2005 Duke co chaired a conference named Zionism As the Biggest Threat to Modern Civilization sponsored by MAUP and attended by several Ukrainian public figures and politicians and Israel Shamir described by the ADL as an anti Semitic writer 152 On the weekend of June 8 10 2006 Duke attended as a speaker at the international White World s Future conference in Moscow which was coordinated and hosted by Pavel Tulayev 153 Iranian Holocaust conference From December 11 13 2006 at the invitation of then Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Duke took part in the International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust an event held in Tehran questioning the Holocaust The Zionists have used the Holocaust as a weapon to deny the rights of the Palestinians and cover up the crimes of Israel Duke told a gathering of nearly 70 participants This conference has an incredible impact on Holocaust studies all over the world said Duke 154 According to Duke The Holocaust is the device used as the pillar of Zionist imperialism Zionist aggression Zionist terror and Zionist murder 155 Other affiliations and associationsStormfront In 1995 Don Black and Chloe Hardin Duke s ex wife began a bulletin board system BBS called Stormfront The website has become a prominent online forum for white nationalism white separatism Holocaust denial neo Nazism hate speech and racism 156 157 158 Duke is an active user of Stormfront where he posts articles from his own website and polls forum members for opinions and questions Duke has worked with Don Black on numerous occasions including on Operation Red Dog the attempted overthrowing of Dominica s government in 1980 159 160 Duke continued to be involved with the website s radio station in 2019 161 British National Party In 2000 Nick Griffin then leader of the British National Party in the United Kingdom met with Duke at a seminar with the American Friends of the British National Party 162 Griffin said instead of talking about racial purity we talk about identity that means basically to use the saleable words as I say freedom security identity democracy Nobody can criticise them Nobody can come at you and attack you on those ideas They are saleable Nick Griffin 163 164 165 This was widely reported in the media of the United Kingdom as well as the meeting between Duke and Griffin following electoral successes made by the party in 2009 163 164 165 Alt right Duke has written in praise of the alt right describing one broadcast as fun and interesting 166 and another as this great show 167 People for the American Way reported Duke championing the alt right 168 Duke described them as our people when describing their role in Donald Trump s election as president 169 There are also claims that while he is not an active member of the alt right he is an inspiration for the movement The International Business Times described Duke as having Zieg heiling acolytes in the so called alt right 170 The Forward has said that Duke paved the way for the alt right movement 171 Legal difficulties and felony convictionTax fraud conviction and defrauding followers On December 12 2002 David Duke pleaded guilty to the felony charge of filing a false tax return under 26 U S C 7206 and mail fraud under 18 U S C 1341 11 According to The New York Times Mr Duke was accused of telling supporters that he was in financial straits then misusing the money they sent him from 1993 to 1999 He was also accused of filing a false 1998 tax return Mr Duke used the money for personal investments and gambling trips T he supporter contributions were as small as 5 and according to the United States attorney Jim Letten there were so many that returning the money would be unwieldy 172 Four months later Duke was sentenced to 15 months in prison and he served the time in Big Spring Texas He was also fined US 10 000 and ordered to cooperate with the Internal Revenue Service IRS and to pay money still owed for his 1998 taxes Following his release in May 2004 he stated that his decision to take the plea bargain was motivated by the bias that he perceived in the United States federal court system and not his guilt He said he felt the charges were contrived to derail his political career and discredit him to his followers and that he took the safe route by pleading guilty and receiving a mitigated sentence rather than pleading not guilty and potentially receiving the full sentence The mail fraud charges stemmed from what prosecutors described as a six year scheme to dupe thousands of his followers by asking for donations Using the postal service Duke appealed to his supporters for funds by fraudulently stating he was about to lose his house and his life savings Prosecutors alleged that Duke raised hundreds of thousands of dollars in this scheme Prosecutors also stipulated that in contrast to what he stated in the mailings he sold his home at a hefty profit had multiple investment accounts and spent much of his money gambling at casinos 12 173 174 2009 arrest in the Czech Republic Duke in Belgium in 2008 In April 2009 Duke traveled to the Czech Republic on invitation by a Czech neo Nazi group known as Narodni Odpor National Resistance to deliver three lectures in Prague and Brno to promote the Czech translation of his book My Awakening 175 He was arrested on April 23 on suspicion of denying or approving of the Nazi genocide and other Nazi crimes and promotion of movements seeking suppression of human rights which are crimes in the Czech Republic punishable by up to three years imprisonment At the time of his arrest Duke was reportedly guarded by members of the Narodni Odpor 176 177 The police released him early on April 25 on condition that he leave the country by midnight that same day 178 179 180 Duke s first lecture had been scheduled at Charles University in Prague but it was canceled after university officials learned that neo Nazis were planning to attend 181 Some Czech politicians including Interior Minister Ivan Langer and Human Rights and Minorities Minister Michael Kocab had previously expressed opposition to Duke s being allowed entrance into the Czech Republic 176 In September 2009 the office of the District Prosecutor for Prague dropped all charges explaining that there was no evidence that Duke had committed any crime 182 2013 expulsion from Italy Schengen Area ban In 2013 an Italian court ruled in favor of expelling Duke from Italy 183 Duke then 63 was living in the mountain village Valle di Cadore in northern Italy Although Duke had been issued a visa to live there by the Italian embassy in Malta Italian police later found that Switzerland had issued a residence ban against Duke that applied throughout Europe s Schengen Area 183 Other publicationsTo raise money in 1976 Duke using the double pseudonym James Konrad and Dorothy Vanderbilt wrote a self help book for women Finders Keepers Finding and Keeping the Man You Want 184 The book contains sexual diet fashion cosmetic and relationship advice and was published by Arlington Place Books an offshoot of the National Socialist White People s Party 185 Tulane University history professor Lawrence N Powell who read a rare copy of the book given to him by journalist Patsy Sims wrote that it includes advice on vaginal exercises oral and anal sex and advocated adultery The puritan inclined Klan was shocked by Duke s writing 184 186 187 According to journalist Tyler Bridges The Times Picayune obtained a copy and traced its provenance to Duke 188 who compiled the content from women s self help magazines 22 Duke has admitted using the pseudonym Konrad 189 He also wrote African Atto under the pseudonym Mohammed X in 1970s a martial arts guide for black militants he claimed it was a means of developing a mailing list to keep watch over such activists 13 Personal lifeWhile working in the White Youth Alliance Duke met Chloe Eleanor Hardin who was also active in the group They remained companions throughout college and married in 1974 Hardin is the mother of Duke s two daughters Erika and Kristin The Dukes divorced in 1984 190 and Chloe moved to West Palm Beach Florida in order to be near her parents There she became involved with Duke s Klan friend Don Black whom she later married 191 Duke rented out an apartment in Moscow beginning around 1999 128 He lived in Russia for five years Duke currently resides in Mandeville Louisiana 192 In the mediaDuke is portrayed by actor Topher Grace in the Spike Lee film BlacKkKlansman 2018 193 Duke was banned from Facebook in 2018 over a year after his participation in the Unite the Right rally 41 Duke was banned from YouTube in late June 2020 for repeated violation of the platform s policies against hate speech along with Richard Spencer and Stefan Molyneux 194 Duke s Twitter account was permanently suspended at the end of July 2020 for violating the company s rules on hateful conduct 41 195 196 Self published booksDuke David Jewish Supremacism Free Speech Press 2003 350 pages ISBN 1 892796 05 8 Duke David My Awakening Free Speech Books 1998 736 pages ISBN 1 892796 00 7See also Biography portal United States portalReferencesNotes The Latest Ex KKK leader Duke My time has come The San Diego Union Tribune July 22 2016 Archived from the original on August 13 2017 Retrieved August 12 2017 West Paul December 5 1991 David Duke takes aim at presidency La legislator unveils GOP primary bid Baltimore Sun Baltimore Sun Media Archived from the original on September 9 2019 Retrieved September 9 2019 a b c d e f g Reed Julia April 9 1992 His Brilliant Career The New York Review of Books Retrieved October 21 2019 subscription required Zeffman Henry August 3 2018 Former KKK wizard David Duke praised Jeremy Corbyn victory The Times London Retrieved September 9 2019 Barrouquere Brett May 17 2019 White Shadow David Duke s Lasting Influence on American White Supremacy Southern Poverty Law Center Retrieved September 9 2019 a b David Duke PDF Anti Defamation League 2013 c 2009 Archived from the original PDF on October 10 2017 Retrieved February 15 2020 a b c Suro Roberto November 7 1991 THE 1991 ELECTION Louisiana Bush Denounces Duke As Racist and Charlatan Archived December 29 2018 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times a b Duke David An Aryan Vision My Awakening SolarGeneral Archived from the original on April 30 2007 Retrieved November 13 2006 Duke David October 23 2004 Kayla Rolland One More Victim Archived from the original on October 29 2006 Retrieved November 13 2006 a b David Duke In His Own Words On Segregation Anti Defamation League Archived from the original on May 15 2012 Retrieved November 13 2006 a b c David Duke pleads to mail fraud tax charges Archived September 17 2012 at the Wayback Machine USA Today December 18 2002 Retrieved July 18 2015 a b David Duke Gets 15 Month Sentence for Fraud Fox News Associated Press March 12 2003 Archived from the original on December 7 2018 a b c Applebome Peter November 19 1991 Duke The Ex Nazi Who Would Be Governor The New York Times Retrieved March 8 2020 Bridges 1995 p 5 Bridges 1995 p 11 Harrison Joanne March 21 2009 Voices David Duke 1989 Los Angeles Times Retrieved April 21 2021 David s version of how he came to his racialist views begins as a freshman in high school In those days I held liberal views because that s the pabulum that s fed to you he says now Then one day a teacher assigned me to take the anti integration argument in a report because she knew I was for it and I finally found books like Race and Reason by Carlton Putnam and that book had a big influence on me The staff at Clifton Ganus School where Duke was given the assignment he now sees as an epiphany has been doing a lot of soul searching ever since Duke began to tell this story Duke David My Awakening Retrieved April 12 2021 a b c Foxman Abraham January 1999 David Duke s My Awakening A Minor League Mein Kampf Anti Defamation League Archived from the original on November 14 2006 a b c d e f David Duke Southern Poverty Law Center Archived from the original on January 26 2019 Retrieved February 15 2020 a b Harrison Joanne March 21 1989 David Duke Dixie Divider The Ex Klansman Taps Well of Discontent to Win a Louisiana House Seat and a Constituency Los Angeles Times Retrieved February 15 2020 Issues 92 Profile David Duke The Orange County Register Santa Ana California March 2 1992 pp a 04 a b c d Bridges Tyler 1995 The Rise of David Duke University of Mississippi Press ISBN 978 0 87805 678 1 Josh Levin June 10 2020 Robe and Ritual Slow Burn Podcast Season 4 Episode 2 Slate Archived from the original on June 12 2020 Retrieved June 12 2020 As a student at LSU David Duke wrote letters to the National Socialist White People s Party the group formerly known as the American Nazi Party These Nazis invited Duke to their annual conference in Virginia and suggested that he carpool with two other white supremacists Here s the author Eli Saslow One of them was about his age A guy named Joseph Paul Franklin The other was about two or three years younger A guy named Don Black And they piled into this car and started driving you know at 800 miles up the highway And over the course of those hours these three kids became really close a href Template Cite podcast html title Template Cite podcast cite podcast a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link a b Bridges Tyler 1995 The Rise of David Duke University Press of Mississippi pp 26 29 ISBN 978 0 87805 684 2 Burkett B G 1998 Stolen Valor How the Vietnam Generation was robbed of its heroes and history Verity Press ISBN 978 0 9667036 0 3 Sims Patsy 1996 The Klan 2nd ed Lexington Kentucky University Press of Kentucky pp 152 153 ISBN 9780813108872 Retrieved August 1 2014 Rose Douglas The Emergence of David Duke and the Politics of Race University of North Carolina Press 1992 Photo of David Duke at a Klan cross lighting ceremony Archived from the original on August 29 2006 Retrieved September 2 2006 Leonard Tom October 23 2009 David Duke Nick Griffin was lynched on Question Time The Daily Telegraph Archived from the original on April 3 2015 Retrieved January 25 2015 David Ernest Duke My race has never been defeated and we will not fall this time The Daily Tar Heel Chapel Hill North Carolina January 20 1975 p 4 Archived from the original on October 19 2015 Retrieved July 15 2015 via Newspapers com King Wayne November 25 1975 David Duke Cleaning up the Klan s image St Petersburg Times via New York Times Retrieved January 16 2011 Duke Files The Times August 23 1979 p 4 Archived from the original on May 15 2021 via Newspapers com Duke Places Second The Town Talk October 29 1979 p 30 Archived from the original on May 15 2021 via Newspapers com Duke to run The Times May 21 1979 p 10 Archived from the original on May 15 2021 via Newspapers com Ku Klux Klansman egged on Alexandria street The Times June 23 1979 p 4 Archived from the original on May 15 2021 via Newspapers com Deputies Say Klan Chief Stirred Metairie Trouble The Town Talk August 22 1979 p 32 Archived from the original on May 15 2021 via Newspapers com KKK Leader Sentenced Daily World December 7 1979 p 1 Archived from the original on May 15 2021 via Newspapers com Metairie Klansman Charged With Illegal Entry to Canada Shreveport Journal April 2 1980 p 20 Archived from the original on May 15 2021 via Newspapers com Duke The Ex Nazi Who Would Be Governor The New York Times November 10 1991 Archived from the original on March 2 2021 From Klan Rival Says Duke s Resignation Forced The Daily Advertiser July 24 1980 p 1 Archived from the original on May 15 2021 via Newspapers com a b c Beckett Lois July 31 2020 Twitter bans white supremacist David Duke after 11 years The Guardian San Francisco Retrieved April 19 2022 Martin A Lee Southern Poverty Law Center Splcenter org Archived from the original on September 23 2012 Retrieved May 6 2012 1988 New Hampshire Presidential Primary February 16 1988 Democratic Results The Library and Archives of New Hampshire s Political Tradition Archived from the original on August 27 2002 Retrieved June 2 2022 Hinshaw Seth 2000 Ohio Elects the President Our State s Role in Presidential Elections 1804 1996 Mansfield Book Masters Inc p 164 Martin Douglas November 1 2015 Willis Carto Far Right Figure and Holocaust Denier Dies at 89 The New York Times Retrieved July 29 2020 Bridges Tyler 1994 The rise of David Duke Univ Press of Mississippi pp 137 ISBN 978 0 87805 684 2 Retrieved December 1 2011 D C Finegold Sachs 2005 D C s Political Report 1988 Presidential Candidates Archived July 29 2016 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved April 4 2009 Zatarain Michael July 1990 Michael Zatarain David Duke Evolution of a Klansman ISBN 978 0 88289 817 9 Retrieved November 11 2009 Official Results Sat Jan 21 1989 Louisiana Secretary of State Retrieved June 2 2022 GOP Condemns Duke Newsday Long Island N Y February 25 1989 pg 9 Douglas D Rose The Emergence of David Duke and the Politics of Race Chapel Hill University of North Carolina Press 1992 p iii ISBN 978 0 8078 4381 9 see also Michael Zatarain David Duke Evolution of a Klansman Gretna LA Pelican 1990 ISBN 0 88289 817 5 ISBN 978 0 88289 817 9 Official Results Sat Feb 18 1989 Louisiana Secretary of State Retrieved June 2 2022 Membership of the Louisiana House of Representatives 1812 2008 PDF house louisiana gov Archived from the original PDF on March 31 2010 Retrieved November 8 2009 Ron Gomez David Duke He s Just Another Freshman My Name Is Ron And I m a Recovering Legislator Memoirs of a Louisiana State Representative Lafayette Louisiana Zemog Publishing 2000 pp 157 164 ISBN 0 9700156 0 7 Gomez My Name Is Ron And I m a Recovering Legislator pg 230 Duke welfare bill wins panel favor Minden Press Herald May 9 1989 pg 1 Benton Joshua May 1 1999 National David Duke Reverts to Unabashed Racism in Congress run Pittsburgh Post Gazette Block News Alliance Archived from the original on September 29 2007 Retrieved September 1 2006 Gullixson Paul April 12 1995 Part 4 Taking on David Duke Palo Alto Weekly Archived from the original on October 13 2007 Retrieved September 2 2006 Gomez Recovering Legislator pgs 231 2 Stephen E Atkins September 13 2011 Encyclopedia of Right Wing Extremism In Modern American History ABC CLIO pp 53 ISBN 978 1 59884 351 4 a b Kalb Deborah ed 2010 Guide to U S Elections Washington DC CQ Press p 1501 ISBN 978 1 60426 536 1 Can Johnston be beaten Minden Press Herald November 19 1989 p 1 Treen Renounce David Duke s garbage Minden Press Herald December 22 1989 p 7A Kevin McGill October 5 1990 Republican quits to help Democrat The Hour Retrieved September 7 2011 Louisiana Republican Quits Reducing Duke s Chances The Washington Post October 5 1990 Monteverde Danny September 15 2009 Elizabeth Rickey GOP activist The Times Picayune Retrieved September 15 2009 permanent dead link Rachman Gideon December 12 2006 Iran David Duke and me rachmanblogg on FT com Archived from the original on December 13 2006 Retrieved December 13 2006 Suro Roberto November 7 1991 The 1991 Election Louisiana Bush Denounces Duke As Racist and Charlatan The New York Times Archived from the original on April 25 2009 Retrieved April 19 2009 a b Duke Gets His Comeuppance From the Victims of His Hate Message Politics Up until an amazing TV exchange Louisiana s blacks had remained on the sidelines Then they flooded the polls Los Angeles Times November 24 1991 Archived from the original on December 20 2014 Retrieved November 11 2014 David Duke Going for U S Senate seat Sheila Grissett East Jefferson bureau The Times Picayune New Orleans La February 23 1996 pg B1 Frederick Clarkson Church and State November 1993 theocracywatch org Archived from the original on October 5 2012 Retrieved June 6 2012 West Paul October 21 1991 Winners set stage for racially charged La runoff Archived February 21 2014 at the Wayback Machine The Baltimore Sun Stern Kenneth September 16 2009 Elizabeth Rickey Derailed David Duke Archived November 18 2016 at the Wayback Machine The Jewish Daily Forward Patricia Sullivan Beth Rickey dies with an immune disorder and Crohn s disease The Washington Post September 16 2009 Lee Martin A 2003 Detailing David Duke Intelligence Report Southern Poverty Law Center Archived from the original on October 2 2006 Retrieved August 31 2006 Appelbome Peter June 8 1994 An Epoch Is Ending But Why The New York Times Archived from the original on April 3 2015 Retrieved January 16 2011 Photo of bumper sticker Archived September 25 2012 at the Wayback Machine New Orleans The Times Picayune McHugh Edward T December 13 1991 Officials reject putting Duke on ballot for state primary Telegram amp Gazette Worcester Mass p A 4 Kalb Deborah ed 2010 Guide to U S Elections Washington DC CQ Press p 451 ISBN 978 1 60426 536 1 Hinshaw Seth 2000 Ohio Elects the President Our State s Role in Presidential Elections 1804 1996 Mansfield Book Masters Inc p 168 Examining the Appeal of David Duke s Oratory The New York Times July 10 1992 David Duke Heads North to Raise Money for House Race By Michael Janofsky The New York Times January 3 1999 a b Edsall Thomas B December 21 1998 David Duke to Seek Livingston s Seat The Washington Post Archived from the original on August 5 2011 Retrieved September 20 2008 Yesterday the party moved quickly once again to disassociate itself from Duke Republican National Committee Chairman Jim Nicholson declared There is no room in the party of Lincoln for a Klansman like David Duke Kalb Deborah ed 2010 Guide to U S Elections Washington DC CQ Press p 1362 ISBN 978 1 60426 536 1 a b c Freed from prison David Duke mounts a comeback Southern Poverty Law Center Intelligence Report Summer 2004 Archived from the original on September 27 2007 Retrieved September 21 2007 The New Orleans Protocol Canadian Heritage Alliance website Archived from the original on August 3 2004 White Supremacists Target Jews in New Alliance Southern Poverty Law Center June 2004 Archived from the original on October 19 2009 Nagourney Adam February 14 2000 Reform Bid Said to Be a No Go for Trump The New York Times Retrieved January 20 2021 Kalb Deborah ed 2010 Guide to U S Elections Washington DC CQ Press p 1374 ISBN 978 1 60426 536 1 Sabludowsky Steve August 6 2004 David Duke Close Associate Runs for Congress in Race With Indian American Bobby Jindal BayouBuzz com Archived from the original on November 24 2005 Retrieved September 1 2006 Burdeau Cain November 17 2000 KKK Leader David Duke s Home is Raided by Federal Agents Associated Press Archived from the original on March 10 2006 Retrieved September 1 2006 Why we passed our Tea Party resolution CNN July 19 2010 Archived from the original on May 15 2011 Retrieved July 17 2010 a b Darty John Will Dr David Duke Run for U S President davidduke com Archived from the original on July 22 2011 Retrieved April 16 2012 Nichols John November 9 2012 Obama s 3 Million Vote Electoral College Landslide Majority of States Mandate The Nation Retrieved November 18 2012 Diamond Jeremy August 25 2015 David Duke on Trump He s the best of the lot CNN Archived from the original on August 31 2015 Retrieved September 4 2015 Dann Carrie August 26 2015 Donald Trump I Don t Want David Duke s Endorsement NBC Archived from the original on September 6 2015 Retrieved September 4 2015 Resnick Gideon August 26 2015 David Duke Donald Trump Is Too Zionist for Me The Daily Beast Archived from the original on May 29 2017 Retrieved August 31 2018 Former KKK Leader Says Donald Trump s Rhetoric Might Be A Little Too Radical ThinkProgress Archived from the original on December 31 2015 Retrieved December 30 2015 David Duke Former Neo Nazi Ku Klux Klan Leader Says Donald Trump Speaks Radically The Inquisitr News December 29 2015 Archived from the original on January 1 2016 Retrieved December 30 2015 Collins Eliza David Duke Anyone besides Donald Trump is really treason to your heritage Politico Archived from the original on February 25 2016 Retrieved February 25 2016 Rappeport Alan February 28 2016 Donald Trump Wavers on Disavowing David Duke The New York Times Retrieved August 30 2019 Kessler Glenn March 1 2016 Donald Trump and David Duke For the record The Washington Post Retrieved August 30 2019 Naughtie Andrew July 9 2020 Former KKK leader endorses Trump for president again and Tucker Carlson for VP The Independent London Retrieved July 9 2020 Palmer Ewan July 9 2020 Former KKK Leader David Duke Says Tucker Carlson Should be Trump s VP Newsweek Retrieved July 9 2020 Ex KKK leader David Duke says he plans to run for U S Senate Politico Archived from the original on June 29 2018 Retrieved January 29 2019 Scott Eugene July 23 2016 Former Ku Klux Klan Grand Wizard David Duke running for Senate seat in Louisiana CNN Archived from the original on July 23 2016 Retrieved July 24 2016 Domonoske Camila August 5 2016 Former KKK Leader David Duke Says Of Course Trump Voters Are His Voters NPR Archived from the original on December 17 2018 Retrieved January 29 2019 Collins Bob A defense of Steve Inskeep s interview with David Duke Archived from the original on June 29 2018 Retrieved January 29 2019 Richard Rainey October 20 2016 John Kennedy leads in latest Louisiana Senate poll David Duke makes debate cut The Times Picayune Archived from the original on October 24 2016 Retrieved October 24 2016 Louisiana Election Results 2016 The New York Times August 2017 Archived from the original on October 11 2018 Retrieved January 29 2019 Mullen Mike Club Jager owner Julius De Roma on David Duke donation It s free speech whatever City Pages City Pages Archived from the original on September 2 2017 Retrieved September 2 2017 Boycott over David Duke donations closes Santa Cruz restaurant The Mercury News August 31 2017 Archived from the original on September 2 2017 Retrieved September 2 2017 Axelrod Tal February 5 2019 Tulsi Gabbard denounces David Duke rejects his endorsement The Hill Retrieved August 3 2019 Spinelli Dan February 5 2019 POLITICS FEBRUARY 5 2019 David Duke Has a New Favorite Candidate for 2020 Tulsi Gabbard Mother Jones Retrieved August 3 2019 Naughtie Andrew July 9 2020 Former KKK leader endorses Trump for president again and Tucker Carlson for VP Independent Merrick Rob March 14 2017 Google condemned by MPs after refusing to ban anti Semitic YouTube video by ex KKK leader The Independent Archived from the original on July 23 2018 Retrieved January 29 2019 Google said a video about Jewish people organising white genocide didn t infringe its guidelines Business Insider March 15 2017 Archived from the original on March 19 2017 Retrieved January 29 2019 Why I editor of the Jewish Chronicle think anti Semites should be allowed on YouTube The Telegraph March 15 2017 Archived from the original on July 24 2018 Retrieved January 29 2019 Face off between MPs and social media giants over online hate speech The Guardian March 14 2017 Archived from the original on October 9 2018 Retrieved January 29 2019 Taxpayers are funding extremism The Times March 17 2017 Anthony Bourdain Offers To Rearrange Ex KKK Leader David Duke s Extremities HuffPost March 7 2017 Archived from the original on June 4 2017 Retrieved January 29 2019 Anthony Bourdain offers to rearrange David Duke s kneecaps Fox News March 3 2017 Archived from the original on July 24 2018 Retrieved January 29 2019 Duke David December 5 2005 Jewish Supremacism Author s Preface Jewish Supremacism Archived from the original on October 29 2006 Retrieved November 16 2006 Beirich Heidi May 29 2009 David Duke Boasts Academic Achievements His Claims Similar to Anti Semitic Psychology Professor Kevin MacDonald Intelligence Report Southern Poverty Law Center Retrieved March 8 2010 David Duke in Russia Anti Defamation League Archived from the original on December 31 2013 Retrieved March 7 2015 Zakryto delo Mironova Archived October 10 2006 at the Wayback Machine Russkij vestnik December 19 2001 Retrieved November 16 2006 Russian David Duke s European American Conference Racists Gather in New Orleans ADL Archived from the original on May 15 2012 Retrieved May 6 2012 a b Daniszewski John January 6 2001 Ex Klansman David Duke Sets Sights on Russian Anti Semites Los Angeles Times Scarborough Country for March 21 show transcript NBC News March 21 2006 a b Lake Eli March 20 2006 David Duke Claims to Be Vindicated By a Harvard Dean The New York Sun p 1 Archived from the original on May 21 2008 Foxman Abraham H 2007 The Deadliest Lies The Israel Lobby and the Myth of Jewish Control Basingstoke Hampshire UK Palgrave Macmillan pp 81 245 Coffey Chris March 16 2015 David Duke Accuses GOP of Selling Soul to Jewish Power Calls Netanyahu a Crazy Jew The Algemeiner Archived from the original on November 22 2018 Retrieved November 22 2018 Feldman Josh March 12 2015 David Duke GOPers Behind Iran Letter Not American Sold Souls to Jewish Power Mediaite Archived from the original on October 8 2018 Retrieved October 7 2018 Kapner Brother Nathanael Kapner Obama s Jewish Inspired Stimulus Will Not Work Archived from the original on March 3 2010 Marre Texe Do the Jews Own Hollywood and the American Media Archived from the original on March 13 2011 Levitas David July 3 2002 The Radical Right After 9 11 The Nation Archived from the original on August 30 2019 Retrieved August 30 2019 Press TV Zionists Masterminded the 9 11 Attacks Anti Defamation League September 11 2012 Archived from the original on August 6 2020 Retrieved August 30 2019 Iran s Press TV Grants David Duke A Platform For Hate Anti Defamation League July 25 2013 Archived from the original on June 29 2020 Retrieved April 23 2020 Holocaust Denial The State of Play The Australian Jewish News January 22 2004 Archived from the original on September 10 2006 Retrieved September 2 2006 Duke David February 26 2005 Free Zundel Archived from the original on February 18 2006 Retrieved September 2 2006 Kirshner Sheldon August 9 2018 Ernst Zundel An Indefatigable Holocaust Denier The Times of Israel Archived from the original on August 31 2018 Retrieved August 31 2018 a b David Duke CFCA The Coordination Forum for Countering Antisemitism Archived from the original on March 3 2016 Retrieved February 27 2016 Ukraine University of Hate ADL Archived from the original on May 15 2012 Retrieved May 6 2012 MAUP PhD website Archived from the original on July 24 2018 Retrieved January 29 2019 Searchlight Vypuski 391 402 Ukraine University of Hate Anti Defamation League November 3 2006 Archived from the original on November 17 2006 Retrieved November 16 2006 Foreign Minister Tarasyuk MAUP Activities Unlawful Ukrainian Embassy January 24 2005 Archived from the original on September 25 2006 Retrieved November 16 2006 Gawdiak Ihor January 27 2006 Ukrainian American Organization UACC Gratified by Official Condemnation of Anti Semitic Institution in Ukraine BRAMA News and Community Press Archived from the original on November 10 2006 Retrieved November 16 2006 Levin Mark January 25 2006 Ukraine Government Calls for Action Against Anti Semitism NCSJ Archived from the original on December 11 2006 Retrieved November 16 2006 ADL Welcomes Ukraine s Strong Condemnation of University Fomenting Anti Semitism Anti Defamation League January 25 2006 Archived from the original on November 15 2006 Retrieved November 16 2006 Blumenthal Max March 23 2006 Republicanizing the Race Card The Nation Archived from the original on July 19 2011 Retrieved November 16 2006 David Duke participates in anti Semitic conference in the Ukraine Anti Defamation League June 30 2005 Archived from the original on May 15 2012 Historic Moscow Conference Archived March 6 2013 at the Wayback Machine davidduke com 1 Archived August 31 2018 at the Wayback Machine KKK s David Duke Tells Iran Holocaust Conference That Gas Chambers Not Used to Kill Jews Published December 13 2006 Fox News Iranian leader says Israel will be wiped out Ahmadinejad renews heated rhetoric at meeting of Holocaust deniers Associated Press December 12 2006 RedState White Supremacy and Responsibility Archived April 27 2016 at the Wayback Machine Daily Kos December 5 2005 Bill O Reilly Circling the Wagons in Georgia Archived June 4 2011 at the Wayback Machine Fox News Channel May 8 2003 WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center Case No DTV2001 0023 World Intellectual Property Organization January 13 2002 Archived from the original on March 26 2017 Retrieved January 29 2019 Captmike works undercover with the US Government to stop the invasion of the Island Nation of Dominica Archived April 9 2018 at the Wayback Machine manana com Operation Red Dog Canadian neo Nazis were central to the planned invasion of Dominica in 1981 Archived May 19 2003 at the Wayback Machine canadiancontent ca Hochschild Adam September 26 2019 Family Values The New York Review of Books Retrieved October 21 2019 subscription required April Meeting American Friends of the BNP April 2000 Archived from the original on March 12 2001 a b Burgess Kaya June 12 2009 White supremacist gunman James W von Brunn had links to BNP The Times London 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US alt right hail election result The Guardian Archived from the original on November 18 2018 Retrieved January 29 2019 Crowcroft Orlando December 1 2016 Is Hillary Clinton to blame for the alt right How white nationalists invaded the mainstream Archived from the original on November 9 2018 Retrieved January 29 2019 How David Duke Paved the Way for the Alt Right and Donald Trump August 30 2016 Archived from the original on August 19 2018 Retrieved January 29 2019 David Duke Pleads Guilty To Tax Charge And Fraud The New York Times Associated Press December 19 2002 Archived from the original on December 30 2018 Retrieved January 29 2019 Ex Klan Leader David Duke Indicted Archived November 2 2012 at the Wayback Machine CBS News Duke pleads guilty to fraud false tax claims Archived November 14 2007 at the Wayback Machine CNN Edelweiss fur den Grand Wizard Archived March 4 2016 at the Wayback Machine Jungle World Nr 22 28 May 2009 a b Czech police arrest former Ku Klux Klan leader Duke Archived August 25 2018 at the Wayback Machine CTK April 24 2009 Ex Louisiana KKK chief arrested in Prague Police Archived July 17 2014 at the Wayback Machine Agence France Presse reprinted by Canada com April 24 2009 Former KKK leader ordered to leave Czech Republic Associated Press reprinted by the Kansas City Star April 24 2009 Former Ku Klux Klan leader released must leave Czech Republic Archived January 6 2016 at the Wayback Machine CTK April 25 2009 Scheuflerova Lenka April 23 2009 Rising extremism and the Roma problem Prague Daily Monitor Archived from the original on October 25 2016 Retrieved January 29 2019 Prague university bans lecture by David Duke Associated Press reprinted by USA Today April 21 2009 Statni zastupkyne zastavila stihani Duka kvuli knize Tyden cz September 29 2009 Archived from the original on February 29 2012 Retrieved May 6 2012 a b Jucca Lisa December 5 2013 Italian court moves to expel former Ku Klux Klan leader Reuters Archived from the original on 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August 31 2006 Pagones Sara St Tammany GOP leaders denounce David Duke candidacy The New Orleans Advocate The Advocate Retrieved July 30 2018 Utichi Joe May 16 2018 The Renaissance Of Topher Grace Two Movies In Cannes amp A Feted Turn As David Duke In BlacKkKlansman Cannes Studio Deadline Hollywood Retrieved July 8 2018 Smith Adam June 30 2020 YouTube Removes Three Prominent White Supremacist Channels The Independent London Retrieved June 30 2020 Musil Steven July 30 2020 Twitter permanently bans white supremacist David Duke Cnet Retrieved July 31 2020 Twitter bans ex KKK leader David Duke BBC News July 31 2020 Retrieved August 1 2020 Bibliography Bridges Tyler 1995 The Rise of David Duke Mississippi University Press ISBN 0 87805 678 5 Rose Douglas D 1992 The Emergence of David Duke and the Politics of Race University of North Carolina Press McQuaid John April 13 2003 Ex Klan Leader Is Popular in Europe Mideast Even as He Heads to Jail Here New Orleans Times Picayune Vierling Alfred Interview Interview Archived July 19 2011 at the Wayback Machine Zatarain Michael 1990 David Duke Evolution of a Klansman Gretna Louisiana Pelican Publishing 1990 ISBN 0 88289 817 5Further reading Swain Carol M Nieli Russel 2003 Contemporary Voices of White Nationalism in America Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 81673 1 External links Wikiquote has quotations related to David Duke Wikimedia Commons has media related to David Duke Official websiteFilmography David Duke at IMDb Appearances on C SPANParty political officesPreceded byBob Richards Populist nominee for President of the United States1988 Succeeded byBo GritzPreceded byRobert M Ross Republican nominee for U S Senator from Louisiana Class 2 1990 Succeeded byWoody JenkinsPreceded byBuddy Roemer Republican nominee for Governor of Louisiana1991 Succeeded byMike FosterLouisiana House of RepresentativesPreceded byChuck Cusimano Member of the Louisiana House of Representativesfrom the 81st district1989 1992 Succeeded byDavid Vitter Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title David Duke amp oldid 1152749378, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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