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America First (policy)

December 14, 2023

For other uses, see America First (disambiguation).

America First refers to an isolationist policy stance in the United States that generally emphasizes American exceptionalism, non-interventionism, and American nationalism.[1] The term was coined by President Woodrow Wilson[2] in his 1916 campaign that pledged to keep America neutral in World War I. A more isolationist approach gained prominence in the interwar period (1918–1939); it was also advocated by the America First Committee, a non-interventionist pressure group against U.S. entry into World War II.[3]

Political cartoon by Dr. Seuss deriding isolationism (1941)

Decades later, Donald Trump used the slogan in his 2016 presidential campaign and presidency (2017–2021), emphasizing the U.S.'s withdrawal from international treaties and organizations in the administration's foreign policy.[4][5][6] Media critics have derided Trump's use of the America First policy as "America Alone".[7][8][9]

History edit

Origins edit

As a slogan in American political discourse, "America First" originated from the nativist American Party in the 1850s.[10] The motto has been used by both Democratic and Republican politicians in the United States. At the outbreak of World War I, President Woodrow Wilson used the slogan to define his version of neutrality, as did newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst.[11] The motto was also chosen by Republican Senator Warren G. Harding during the 1920 presidential election, which he won.[12]

The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) used the phrase at the organization's peak in the 1920s, when racist, xenophobic sentiment was widespread;[13][14] it informed many of their members who ran for political office.[15] The Immigration Act of 1924 sponsored by Washington U.S. representative Albert Johnson proved to legislate xenophobia and white supremacy, excluding immigrants on the basis of ethnicity and national origin in an effort to preserve white racial demographics.[16] Johnson's leading role in the immigration restriction bill elicited strong support from the KKK.[17]

America First is best known as the slogan and foreign policy advocated by the America First Committee, a non-interventionist pressure group against the American entry into World War II, which emphasized American nationalism and unilateralism in international relations. The America First Committee's membership peaked at 800,000 paying members in 450 chapters, and it popularized the slogan "America First".[3] While the America First Committee had a variety of supporters in the U.S., the movement was muddled with anti-Semitic and fascist rhetoric.[18] Notable Americans who supported "America First" causes include Elizabeth Dilling, Gerald L. K. Smith,[19][20] and Charles Lindbergh,[21] while Dr. Seuss derided the policy in a number of political cartoons, linking it to Nazism.[22]

In later periods, the slogan was used by Pat Buchanan, who praised the non-interventionist WWII America First Committee and said "the achievements of that organization are monumental."[23] Buchanan's "call for an America First foreign policy has been compared with the America First Committee."[24]

Donald Trump edit

See also: Trumpism, United States non-interventionism, and Nationalism
"President Trump's Six Months of America First", a video released by the White House

Donald Trump, who had run against Pat Buchanan in the 2000 Reform Party presidential primaries, first revived the slogan in a November 2015 op-ed in The Wall Street Journal.[25] In its early going, the Trump campaign publicized an article by Jeff Kuhner on the World Tribune praising the candidate as a "nationalist who seeks to put America first";[26] campaign manager Corey Lewandowski (who later published a book with the title)[27] promoted Trump with the phrase;[28][29] and both Sarah Palin[30] and Chris Christie[31] featured it in their endorsements of Trump. Trump later incorporated the slogan into his daily repertoire following a suggestion and historical comparison by David E. Sanger during an interview with The New York Times in March 2016.[32][33] In subsequent months, without referencing Pat Buchanan's prior usage or the America First Committee, candidate Trump promised that "'America First' would be the major and overriding theme" of his administration, and advocated nationalist, anti-interventionist positions.[34][33]

Following his election to the presidency, "America First" became the official foreign policy doctrine of the Trump administration.[35] It was a theme of Trump's inaugural address, and a Politico/Morning Consult poll released on January 25, 2017, stated that 65% of Americans responded positively to President Trump's "America First" inaugural message, with 39% viewing the speech as poor.[36] Trump embraced American unilateralism abroad and introduced policies aimed at undermining transnational organizations such as the European Union, and often critiquing them on economic terms.[37] In 2017, the administration proposed a federal budget for 2018 with both Make America Great Again and America First in its title, with the latter referencing its increases to military, homeland security, and veteran spending, cuts to spending that goes towards foreign countries, and 10-year objective of achieving a balanced budget.[38]

The administration branded its 2017 National Security Strategy of the U.S. as "an America First National Security Strategy". The introduction to that document reads "This National Security Strategy puts America first. An America First National Security Strategy is based on American principles, a clear-eyed assessment of U.S. interests, and a determination to tackle the challenges that we face. It is a strategy of principled realism that is guided by outcomes, not ideology."[39]

Trump's use of the slogan was criticized by some for carrying comparisons to the America First Committee;[40] however, Trump denied being an isolationist, and said, "I like the expression."[41] A number of scholars (such as Deborah Dash Moore), commentators (such as Bill Kristol) and Jewish organizations (including the Anti-Defamation League and Jewish Council for Public Affairs) criticized Trump's use of the slogan because of its historical association with nativism and antisemitism.[41][42] Others have argued that Trump was never a non-interventionist.[43] Columnist Daniel Larison from The American Conservative wrote that "Trump was quick to denounce previous wars as disasters, but his complaint about these wars was that the U.S. wasn't 'getting' anything tangible from them. He didn't see anything wrong in attacking other countries, but lamented that the U.S. didn't 'take' their resources" and that "he never called for an end to the wars that were still ongoing, but talked only about 'winning' them."[44]

Trump's "America First" policy has been described as a major factor in the perceived increase in the international isolation of the U.S. in the late 2010s, and various media critics such as The New Yorker have described the policy as "America Alone".[7][8][9]

Other usage edit

In mid-2016, while running for a Louisiana Senate seat, David Duke, former Grand Wizard of the KKK, publicly claimed that he was "the first major candidate in modern times to promote the term and policy of America first"[45] (although was preceded by Donald Trump).[25][32][33]

Trump's successor as U.S. president, Joe Biden, discontinued many of Trump's COVID-19-related "America First" policies at the beginning of his presidency, but he initially kept the Trump administration's COVID-19 vaccine export ban in place.[46] As of May 2021, the U.S. had started exporting vaccines out of its borders.[47] The U.S. House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack described far-right political commentator Nick Fuentes and former Identity Evropa leader Patrick Casey as leaders of the "America First" movement in a subpoena issued in January 2022.[48]

In popular culture edit

Following Trump's inauguration, the policy and its phrasing became a subject of international satire through the Every Second Counts video contest inspired by Dutch comedian Arjen Lubach and launched by German comedian Jan Böhmermann.[49] News satire television programs initially throughout Europe, and later from around the world, comically appealed to Trump to acknowledge their own countries in light of Trump's nationalist slogan, with a narrator mimicking Trump's voice, speech patterns, and exaggerated speaking style.[50][51] Lubach's initial version, for example, ended by noting that "We totally understand it's going to be America first, but can we just say: The Netherlands second?".[52][53]

In Spike Lee's film BlacKkKlansman (2018), David Duke and white supremacists are portrayed as repeatedly using the "America First" slogan.[54]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Olson, Lynne (2013). Those Angry Days: Roosevelt, Lindbergh, and America's Fight Over World War II, 1939–1941. New York City: Random House. pp. 220, 227, 234, 242, 243. ISBN 978-0-679-60471-6. from the original on June 14, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2019.
  2. ^ Rubino, Rich (January 25, 2017). "Trump Was Not First To Use The "America First" Slogan". Huffington Post. Retrieved December 19, 2021.
  3. ^ a b Sarles, Ruth (2003). Kauffman, Bill (ed.). A Story of America First: The Men and Women Who Opposed U.S. Intervention in World War II. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-97512-8.[page needed]
  4. ^ Shapiro, Ari; Daly, Robert (January 23, 2017). "As Trump Adopts 'America First' Policy, China's Global Role Could Change". NPR. from the original on January 24, 2017. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  5. ^ "The new nationalism – Trump's world". The Economist. November 19, 2016. from the original on August 24, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  6. ^ "US election 2016: Trump details 'America First' foreign plan". BBC News. April 28, 2016. from the original on November 19, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  7. ^ a b McTague, Tom; Nicholas, Peter (October 29, 2020). "How 'America First' Became America Alone". The Atlantic. from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
  8. ^ a b Frum, David (May 30, 2020). "Opinion: 'America First' means America alone – and in a postpandemic world, that would be disastrous". The Globe and Mail. from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
  9. ^ a b Glasser, Susan B. "Under Trump, "America First" Really Is Turning Out to Be America Alone". The New Yorker. from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
  10. ^ Churchwell, Sarah (September 9, 2022). "'America First' has more claim to our history than the 'American Dream'". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
  11. ^ Rauchway, Eric (May 6, 2016). "How 'America First' Got Its Nationalistic Edge". The Atlantic. from the original on July 8, 2018. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
  12. ^ Mikelbank, Peter (March 24, 2018). "Sex Scandals and 'America First': Warren G. Harding Was Donald Trump 1.0". The Daily Beast. from the original on December 7, 2018. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
  13. ^ Simins, Jill Weiss (June 20, 2019). “America First:” The Ku Klux Klan Influence on Immigration Policy in the 1920s. Hoosier State Chronicles. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  14. ^ Emery, David (February 9, 2018). Was ‘America First’ a Slogan of the Ku Klux Klan? Snopes. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  15. ^ "Ku Klux Klan stages an 'America First' parade in Binghamton, NY".
  16. ^ The Immigration Act of 1924. US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  17. ^ Griffey, Trevor. Citizen Klan: Electoral Politics and the KKK in WA. Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  18. ^ Bennett, Brian (January 20, 2017). "'America First,' a phrase with a loaded anti-Semitic and isolationist history". Los Angeles Times. from the original on March 8, 2017. Retrieved March 6, 2017. While the America First Committee attracted a wide array of support, the movement was marred by anti-Semitic and pro-fascist rhetoric.
    Dunn, Susan (April 28, 2016). "Trump's 'America First' has ugly echoes from U.S. history". CNN. from the original on March 6, 2017. Retrieved March 6, 2017. Seeking to brand itself as a mainstream organization, America First struggled with the problem of the anti-Semitism of some of its leaders and many of its members.
    Powers, Richard Gid (1995). Not Without Honor: The History of American Anticommunism. Free Press. p. 167. ISBN 0-684-82427-2. The America First Committee and Norman Thomas's group tried to maintain their distance from anti-Semites and fascists, but the lunatic fringe of countersubversives was drawn irresistibly to them, wild for the possibility of become part of a powerful mainstream political movement. Gerald L. K. Smith, Elizabeth Dilling, Gerald B. Winrod, William Dudley Pelley, Charles Coughlin, Laura Ingalls, and all of the country's other notorious anti-Semitic anticommunist crackpots joyously raised the temperature of the debate by attacking defense preparations as Jewish inspired and Communist directed.
  19. ^ Gerald Lyman Kenneth Smith (1898–1976). Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  20. ^ April 10, 1946. Gerald L.k. Smith, “america First” Head, Sentenced to 60 Days in Jail. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  21. ^ Honoroff, Zach. Who is Elizabeth Dilling, and Why is Glenn Beck a Fan? History News Network. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  22. ^ Gottschalk, Molly (February 3, 2017). "Dr. Seuss Satirized 'America First' Decades before Donald Trump Made It Policy". Artsy. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  23. ^ Buchanan, Patrick J. (October 13, 2004). "The Resurrection of 'America First!'". The American Cause. from the original on February 3, 2008. Retrieved February 3, 2008.
  24. ^ Cox, Michael; Durham, Martin (2000). "The Politics of Anger: The Extreme Right in the United States". In Hainsworth, Paul (ed.). The Politics of the Extreme Right: From the Margins to the Mainstream. London/New York: Pinter. p. 287. ISBN 1-85567-459-9.
  25. ^ a b Trump, Donald J. (November 10, 2015). "Ending China's Currency Manipulation". The Wall Street Journal. from the original on May 16, 2020. Retrieved July 9, 2020. The American people need an administration that will tell them the truth and a president who will put America first. That's what I intend to do.
  26. ^ Kuhner, Jeffrey T. (July 2, 2015). (Press release). World Tribune. Archived from the original on February 4, 2016.
  27. ^ Cooper, Elise (October 8, 2020). "Book Review: Trump: America First". Military Press. from the original on November 10, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
  28. ^ Outfront. August 17, 2015. CNN. Erin Burnett Outfront.
  29. ^ The Situation Room. November 11, 2015. CNN. The Situation Room.
  30. ^ Blaine, Kyle (January 19, 2016). "So, Uh, Here's The Full Text Of Sarah Palin's Bizarre Trump Speech". BuzzFeed. from the original on June 18, 2020. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  31. ^ Wolf. February 26, 2016. CNN. Wolf.
  32. ^ a b Rothman, Lily (March 28, 2016). "The Long History Behind Donald Trump's 'America First' Foreign Policy". Time. from the original on November 20, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
  33. ^ a b c Haberman, Maggie; Sanger, David E.; Trump, Donald (March 26, 2016). "Transcript: Donald Trump Expounds on His Foreign Policy Views". The New York Times. from the original on January 28, 2017. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
  34. ^ DelReal, Jose A. (April 27, 2016). "Trump, pivoting to the general election, hones 'America First' foreign policy vision". The Washington Post. from the original on May 1, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2016.
  35. ^ "America First Foreign Policy". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved January 26, 2017 – via National Archives.
  36. ^ Sherman, Jake (January 25, 2017). "Poll: Voters liked Trump's 'America first' address". Politico. from the original on January 25, 2017. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
    Savransky, Rebecca (January 25, 2017). "Majority of Americans approves of Trump's 'America First' message". The Hill. from the original on January 27, 2017. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  37. ^ Borger, Julian (February 10, 2017). "EU foreign policy chief tells Trump not to interfere in Europe's politics". The Guardian. from the original on October 12, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
  38. ^ Andrade, Juan Pablo (May 24, 2017). . The Hill. Archived from the original on March 13, 2018. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
  39. ^ Trump, Donald (December 2017). "National Security Strategy of the United States of America" (PDF). trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov. (PDF) from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
  40. ^ Elving, Ron (January 21, 2017). "Trump Vows Policy Vision Of 'America First,' Recalling Phrase's Controversial Past". NPR. from the original on January 23, 2017. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
  41. ^ a b Thomas, Louisa (July 24, 2016). "America First, for Charles Lindbergh and Donald Trump". The New Yorker. from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
  42. ^ Calamur, Krishnadev (January 21, 2017). "A Short History of 'America First'". The Atlantic. from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
    Nathan-Kazis, Josh (January 20, 2017). "Trump's 'America First' Leaves Jewish Groups Hesitant". The Forward. from the original on January 24, 2017. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
  43. ^ Krayewski, Ed (March 31, 2016). "Donald Trump is No Non-Interventionist". Reason. from the original on February 27, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
  44. ^ Larison, Daniel (August 23, 2017). "Trump the Hawk". The American Conservative. from the original on July 17, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
  45. ^ Gorman, Michele (July 22, 2016). "Former KKK leader David Duke announces Senate bid under 'America first' slogan". Newsweek. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
  46. ^ "Joe Biden's 'America First' Vaccine Strategy". The Atlantic. February 4, 2021. from the original on February 5, 2021. Retrieved February 6, 2021.
  47. ^ Ljunggren, David; O'Donnell, Carl; Ljunggren, David (April 30, 2021). "Pfizer to start shipping coronavirus vaccine to Canada". Reuters. Retrieved May 3, 2021.
  48. ^ Broadwater, Luke; Feuer, Alan (January 20, 2022). "House Jan. 6 Committee Subpoenas White Nationalist Figures". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 25, 2022.
  49. ^ Domonoske, Camila (February 6, 2017). "If America's No. 1, Who's No. 2? European Nations Compete For The, Uh, Honor". NPR. from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
  50. ^ Busis, Hillary (February 7, 2017). "Meet the Men Trolling Trump in Those Viral European Videos". Vanity Fair. from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
  51. ^ Boyer, Lauren (January 25, 2017). "Dutch TV Show Trolls Donald Trump For 'America First' Message". U.S. News & World Report. from the original on January 30, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
  52. ^ "Click this page. It's Huge. Like Donalds hands. It's the funniest website in the world! Believe us!". Every Second Counts. from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
  53. ^ Purdom, Clayton (February 6, 2017). "Trump's "America first" slogan parodied as other countries vie to be second". The A.V. Club. from the original on August 19, 2017. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
  54. ^ "Cannes cheers Spike Lee's raging rebuke of Trump America". Agence France-Presse. May 15, 2018. from the original on May 15, 2018. Retrieved November 27, 2019 – via France 24.

December 14, 2023
america, first, policy, other, uses, america, first, disambiguation, america, first, refers, isolationist, policy, stance, united, states, that, generally, emphasizes, american, exceptionalism, interventionism, american, nationalism, term, coined, president, w. For other uses see America First disambiguation America First refers to an isolationist policy stance in the United States that generally emphasizes American exceptionalism non interventionism and American nationalism 1 The term was coined by President Woodrow Wilson 2 in his 1916 campaign that pledged to keep America neutral in World War I A more isolationist approach gained prominence in the interwar period 1918 1939 it was also advocated by the America First Committee a non interventionist pressure group against U S entry into World War II 3 Political cartoon by Dr Seuss deriding isolationism 1941 Decades later Donald Trump used the slogan in his 2016 presidential campaign and presidency 2017 2021 emphasizing the U S s withdrawal from international treaties and organizations in the administration s foreign policy 4 5 6 Media critics have derided Trump s use of the America First policy as America Alone 7 8 9 Contents 1 History 1 1 Origins 1 2 Donald Trump 1 3 Other usage 2 In popular culture 3 See also 4 ReferencesHistory editOrigins edit As a slogan in American political discourse America First originated from the nativist American Party in the 1850s 10 The motto has been used by both Democratic and Republican politicians in the United States At the outbreak of World War I President Woodrow Wilson used the slogan to define his version of neutrality as did newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst 11 The motto was also chosen by Republican Senator Warren G Harding during the 1920 presidential election which he won 12 The Ku Klux Klan KKK used the phrase at the organization s peak in the 1920s when racist xenophobic sentiment was widespread 13 14 it informed many of their members who ran for political office 15 The Immigration Act of 1924 sponsored by Washington U S representative Albert Johnson proved to legislate xenophobia and white supremacy excluding immigrants on the basis of ethnicity and national origin in an effort to preserve white racial demographics 16 Johnson s leading role in the immigration restriction bill elicited strong support from the KKK 17 America First is best known as the slogan and foreign policy advocated by the America First Committee a non interventionist pressure group against the American entry into World War II which emphasized American nationalism and unilateralism in international relations The America First Committee s membership peaked at 800 000 paying members in 450 chapters and it popularized the slogan America First 3 While the America First Committee had a variety of supporters in the U S the movement was muddled with anti Semitic and fascist rhetoric 18 Notable Americans who supported America First causes include Elizabeth Dilling Gerald L K Smith 19 20 and Charles Lindbergh 21 while Dr Seuss derided the policy in a number of political cartoons linking it to Nazism 22 In later periods the slogan was used by Pat Buchanan who praised the non interventionist WWII America First Committee and said the achievements of that organization are monumental 23 Buchanan s call for an America First foreign policy has been compared with the America First Committee 24 Donald Trump edit See also Trumpism United States non interventionism and Nationalism source source source source source source source source track President Trump s Six Months of America First a video released by the White HouseDonald Trump who had run against Pat Buchanan in the 2000 Reform Party presidential primaries first revived the slogan in a November 2015 op ed in The Wall Street Journal 25 In its early going the Trump campaign publicized an article by Jeff Kuhner on the World Tribune praising the candidate as a nationalist who seeks to put America first 26 campaign manager Corey Lewandowski who later published a book with the title 27 promoted Trump with the phrase 28 29 and both Sarah Palin 30 and Chris Christie 31 featured it in their endorsements of Trump Trump later incorporated the slogan into his daily repertoire following a suggestion and historical comparison by David E Sanger during an interview with The New York Times in March 2016 32 33 In subsequent months without referencing Pat Buchanan s prior usage or the America First Committee candidate Trump promised that America First would be the major and overriding theme of his administration and advocated nationalist anti interventionist positions 34 33 Following his election to the presidency America First became the official foreign policy doctrine of the Trump administration 35 It was a theme of Trump s inaugural address and a Politico Morning Consult poll released on January 25 2017 stated that 65 of Americans responded positively to President Trump s America First inaugural message with 39 viewing the speech as poor 36 Trump embraced American unilateralism abroad and introduced policies aimed at undermining transnational organizations such as the European Union and often critiquing them on economic terms 37 In 2017 the administration proposed a federal budget for 2018 with both Make America Great Again and America First in its title with the latter referencing its increases to military homeland security and veteran spending cuts to spending that goes towards foreign countries and 10 year objective of achieving a balanced budget 38 The administration branded its 2017 National Security Strategy of the U S as an America First National Security Strategy The introduction to that document reads This National Security Strategy puts America first An America First National Security Strategy is based on American principles a clear eyed assessment of U S interests and a determination to tackle the challenges that we face It is a strategy of principled realism that is guided by outcomes not ideology 39 Trump s use of the slogan was criticized by some for carrying comparisons to the America First Committee 40 however Trump denied being an isolationist and said I like the expression 41 A number of scholars such as Deborah Dash Moore commentators such as Bill Kristol and Jewish organizations including the Anti Defamation League and Jewish Council for Public Affairs criticized Trump s use of the slogan because of its historical association with nativism and antisemitism 41 42 Others have argued that Trump was never a non interventionist 43 Columnist Daniel Larison from The American Conservative wrote that Trump was quick to denounce previous wars as disasters but his complaint about these wars was that the U S wasn t getting anything tangible from them He didn t see anything wrong in attacking other countries but lamented that the U S didn t take their resources and that he never called for an end to the wars that were still ongoing but talked only about winning them 44 Trump s America First policy has been described as a major factor in the perceived increase in the international isolation of the U S in the late 2010s and various media critics such as The New Yorker have described the policy as America Alone 7 8 9 Other usage edit In mid 2016 while running for a Louisiana Senate seat David Duke former Grand Wizard of the KKK publicly claimed that he was the first major candidate in modern times to promote the term and policy of America first 45 although was preceded by Donald Trump 25 32 33 Trump s successor as U S president Joe Biden discontinued many of Trump s COVID 19 related America First policies at the beginning of his presidency but he initially kept the Trump administration s COVID 19 vaccine export ban in place 46 As of May 2021 the U S had started exporting vaccines out of its borders 47 The U S House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack described far right political commentator Nick Fuentes and former Identity Evropa leader Patrick Casey as leaders of the America First movement in a subpoena issued in January 2022 48 In popular culture editFollowing Trump s inauguration the policy and its phrasing became a subject of international satire through the Every Second Counts video contest inspired by Dutch comedian Arjen Lubach and launched by German comedian Jan Bohmermann 49 News satire television programs initially throughout Europe and later from around the world comically appealed to Trump to acknowledge their own countries in light of Trump s nationalist slogan with a narrator mimicking Trump s voice speech patterns and exaggerated speaking style 50 51 Lubach s initial version for example ended by noting that We totally understand it s going to be America first but can we just say The Netherlands second 52 53 In Spike Lee s film BlacKkKlansman 2018 David Duke and white supremacists are portrayed as repeatedly using the America First slogan 54 See also editMake America Great Again Neo nationalism Political messages of Dr Seuss Trump tariffs Trump wallReferences edit Olson Lynne 2013 Those Angry Days Roosevelt Lindbergh and America s Fight Over World War II 1939 1941 New York City Random House pp 220 227 234 242 243 ISBN 978 0 679 60471 6 Archived from the original on June 14 2020 Retrieved December 8 2019 Rubino Rich January 25 2017 Trump Was Not First To Use The America First Slogan Huffington Post Retrieved December 19 2021 a b Sarles Ruth 2003 Kauffman Bill ed A Story of America First The Men and Women Who Opposed U S Intervention in World War II Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 978 0 275 97512 8 page needed Shapiro Ari Daly Robert January 23 2017 As Trump Adopts America First Policy China s Global Role Could Change NPR Archived from the original on January 24 2017 Retrieved January 26 2017 The new nationalism Trump s world The Economist November 19 2016 Archived from the original on August 24 2018 Retrieved January 26 2017 US election 2016 Trump details America First foreign plan BBC News April 28 2016 Archived from the original on November 19 2016 Retrieved January 26 2017 a b McTague Tom Nicholas Peter October 29 2020 How America First Became America Alone The Atlantic Archived from the original on November 24 2020 Retrieved November 20 2020 a b Frum David May 30 2020 Opinion America First means America alone and in a postpandemic world that would be disastrous The Globe and Mail Archived from the original on November 24 2020 Retrieved November 20 2020 a b Glasser Susan B Under Trump America First Really Is Turning Out to Be America Alone The New Yorker Archived from the original on November 25 2020 Retrieved November 20 2020 Churchwell Sarah September 9 2022 America First has more claim to our history than the American Dream The Washington Post Retrieved May 11 2023 Rauchway Eric May 6 2016 How America First Got Its Nationalistic Edge The Atlantic Archived from the original on July 8 2018 Retrieved August 28 2018 Mikelbank Peter March 24 2018 Sex Scandals and America First Warren G Harding Was Donald Trump 1 0 The Daily Beast Archived from the original on December 7 2018 Retrieved August 28 2018 Simins Jill Weiss June 20 2019 America First The Ku Klux Klan Influence on Immigration Policy in the 1920s Hoosier State Chronicles Retrieved February 10 2022 Emery David February 9 2018 Was America First a Slogan of the Ku Klux Klan Snopes Retrieved February 10 2022 Ku Klux Klan stages an America First parade in Binghamton NY The Immigration Act of 1924 US House of Representatives History Art amp Archives Retrieved February 10 2022 Griffey Trevor Citizen Klan Electoral Politics and the KKK in WA Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project Retrieved February 10 2022 Bennett Brian January 20 2017 America First a phrase with a loaded anti Semitic and isolationist history Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on March 8 2017 Retrieved March 6 2017 While the America First Committee attracted a wide array of support the movement was marred by anti Semitic and pro fascist rhetoric Dunn Susan April 28 2016 Trump s America First has ugly echoes from U S history CNN Archived from the original on March 6 2017 Retrieved March 6 2017 Seeking to brand itself as a mainstream organization America First struggled with the problem of the anti Semitism of some of its leaders and many of its members Powers Richard Gid 1995 Not Without Honor The History of American Anticommunism Free Press p 167 ISBN 0 684 82427 2 The America First Committee and Norman Thomas s group tried to maintain their distance from anti Semites and fascists but the lunatic fringe of countersubversives was drawn irresistibly to them wild for the possibility of become part of a powerful mainstream political movement Gerald L K Smith Elizabeth Dilling Gerald B Winrod William Dudley Pelley Charles Coughlin Laura Ingalls and all of the country s other notorious anti Semitic anticommunist crackpots joyously raised the temperature of the debate by attacking defense preparations as Jewish inspired and Communist directed Gerald Lyman Kenneth Smith 1898 1976 Encyclopedia of Arkansas Retrieved February 10 2022 April 10 1946 Gerald L k Smith america First Head Sentenced to 60 Days in Jail Jewish Telegraphic Agency Retrieved February 10 2022 Honoroff Zach Who is Elizabeth Dilling and Why is Glenn Beck a Fan History News Network Retrieved February 10 2022 Gottschalk Molly February 3 2017 Dr Seuss Satirized America First Decades before Donald Trump Made It Policy Artsy Retrieved February 10 2023 Buchanan Patrick J October 13 2004 The Resurrection of America First The American Cause Archived from the original on February 3 2008 Retrieved February 3 2008 Cox Michael Durham Martin 2000 The Politics of Anger The Extreme Right in the United States In Hainsworth Paul ed The Politics of the Extreme Right From the Margins to the Mainstream London New York Pinter p 287 ISBN 1 85567 459 9 a b Trump Donald J November 10 2015 Ending China s Currency Manipulation The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on May 16 2020 Retrieved July 9 2020 The American people need an administration that will tell them the truth and a president who will put America first That s what I intend to do Kuhner Jeffrey T July 2 2015 The Elites Problem with Donald Trump He s Not For Sale Press release World Tribune Archived from the original on February 4 2016 Cooper Elise October 8 2020 Book Review Trump America First Military Press Archived from the original on November 10 2020 Retrieved November 10 2020 Outfront August 17 2015 CNN Erin Burnett Outfront The Situation Room November 11 2015 CNN The Situation Room Blaine Kyle January 19 2016 So Uh Here s The Full Text Of Sarah Palin s Bizarre Trump Speech BuzzFeed Archived from the original on June 18 2020 Retrieved July 9 2020 Wolf February 26 2016 CNN Wolf a b Rothman Lily March 28 2016 The Long History Behind Donald Trump s America First Foreign Policy Time Archived from the original on November 20 2018 Retrieved November 9 2018 a b c Haberman Maggie Sanger David E Trump Donald March 26 2016 Transcript Donald Trump Expounds on His Foreign Policy Views The New York Times Archived from the original on January 28 2017 Retrieved January 29 2017 DelReal Jose A April 27 2016 Trump pivoting to the general election hones America First foreign policy vision The Washington Post Archived from the original on May 1 2016 Retrieved January 26 2016 America First Foreign Policy whitehouse gov Retrieved January 26 2017 via National Archives Sherman Jake January 25 2017 Poll Voters liked Trump s America first address Politico Archived from the original on January 25 2017 Retrieved January 26 2017 Savransky Rebecca January 25 2017 Majority of Americans approves of Trump s America First message The Hill Archived from the original on January 27 2017 Retrieved January 26 2017 Borger Julian February 10 2017 EU foreign policy chief tells Trump not to interfere in Europe s politics The Guardian Archived from the original on October 12 2019 Retrieved November 27 2019 Andrade Juan Pablo May 24 2017 Trump s budget proposal truly puts America first The Hill Archived from the original on March 13 2018 Retrieved March 13 2018 Trump Donald December 2017 National 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August 23 2017 Trump the Hawk The American Conservative Archived from the original on July 17 2019 Retrieved November 27 2019 Gorman Michele July 22 2016 Former KKK leader David Duke announces Senate bid under America first slogan Newsweek Retrieved August 15 2022 Joe Biden s America First Vaccine Strategy The Atlantic February 4 2021 Archived from the original on February 5 2021 Retrieved February 6 2021 Ljunggren David O Donnell Carl Ljunggren David April 30 2021 Pfizer to start shipping coronavirus vaccine to Canada Reuters Retrieved May 3 2021 Broadwater Luke Feuer Alan January 20 2022 House Jan 6 Committee Subpoenas White Nationalist Figures The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 25 2022 Domonoske Camila February 6 2017 If America s No 1 Who s No 2 European Nations Compete For The Uh Honor NPR Archived from the original on February 28 2019 Retrieved February 7 2017 Busis Hillary February 7 2017 Meet the Men Trolling Trump in Those Viral European Videos Vanity Fair 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