Christian democratic parties are political parties that seek to apply Christian principles to public policy. The underlying Christian democracy movement emerged in 19th-century Europe, largely under the influence of Catholic social teaching and Neo-Calvinist theology.[1][2] Christian democracy continues to be influential in Europe and Latin America, though in a number of countries its Christian ethos has been diluted by secularisation. In practice, Christian democracy is often considered centre-right on cultural, social and moral issues, but centre-left "with respect to economic and labor issues, civil rights, and foreign policy" as well as the environment,[3][nb 1] generally supporting a social market economy.[3] Christian democracy can be seen as either conservative, centrist, or liberal / left of, right of, or center of the mainstream political parties depending on the social and political atmosphere of a given country and the positions held by individual Christian democratic parties. In Europe, where their opponents have traditionally been secularist socialists, Christian democratic parties are moderately conservative overall, whereas in the very different cultural and political environment of Latin America they tend to lean to the left. It is the dominant centre-right political movement in Europe, but by contrast, Christian democratic parties in Latin America tend to be left-leaning.[5] Christian democracy includes elements common to several other political ideologies, including conservatism, liberalism, and social democracy. In the United States, Christian democratic parties of Europe and Latin America, deemed conservative and liberal respectively in their geopolitical regions, are both generally regarded as fartherleft-wing of the mainstream.[6]
^The basic tenets of Christian democracy call for applying Christian principles to public policy; Christian democratic parties tend to be socially conservative but otherwise left of center with respect to economic and labor issues, civil rights, and foreign policy.[4]
References
^Monsma, Stephen V. (2012). Pluralism and Freedom: Faith-based Organizations in a Democratic Society. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 13. ISBN9781442214309. This is the Christian Democratic tradition and the structural pluralist concepts that underlie it. The Roman Catholic social teaching of subsidiarity and its related concepts, as well as the parallel neo-Calvinist concept of sphere sovereignty, play major roles in structural pluralist thought.
^Witte, John (1993). Christianity and Democracy in Global Context. Westview Press. p. 9. ISBN9780813318431. Concurrent with this missionary movement in Africa, both Protestant and Catholic political activists helped to restore democracy to war-torn Europe and extend it overseas. Protestant political activism emerged principally in England, the Lowlands, and Scandinavia under the inspiration of both social gospel movements and neo-Calvinism. Catholic political activism emerged principally in Italy, France, and Spain under the inspiration of both Rerum Novarum and its early progeny and of neo-Thomism. Both formed political parties, which now fall under the general aegis of the Christian Democratic Party movement. Both Protestant and Catholic parties inveighed against the reductionist extremes and social failures of liberal democracies and social democracies. Liberal democracies, they believed, had sacrificed the community for the individual; social democracies had sacrificed the individual for the community. Both parties returned to a traditional Christian teaching of "social pluralism" or "subsidiarity," which stressed the dependence and participation of the individual in family, church, school, business, and other associations. Both parties stressed the responsibility of the state to respect and protect the "individual in community."
^ abVervliet 2009, pp. 48–51. sfn error: no target: CITEREFVervliet2009 (help)
^Kte'pi 2009, p. 131. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKte'pi2009 (help)
^Szulc 1965, p. 102. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSzulc1965 (help)
^Noack, Rick. "Analysis | Harvard celebrates Angela Merkel as a liberal hero. Many left-wing Germans disagree". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2021-04-25.
^ abcdefghijklmnopqMainwaring, Scott; Scully, Timothy, eds. (2003). Christian Democracy in Latin America: Electoral Competition and Regime Conflicts. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. p. 81. ISBN0-8047-4598-6.
^"Arminfo: New Christian Democratic Party to support Pashinyan's government". arminfo.info.
^Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^ abcNordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^ abNordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^ abcNordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^Democracy Won’t Save the Middle East’s Religious Minorities. Maged Atiya. October 24, 2019. Providence Magazine.
^Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. from the original on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^ abNordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^Colomer, Josep M. (2008-07-25). Comparative European Politics. Routledge. ISBN978-1-134-07354-2.
^ abcNordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^ abNordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^ abcNordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^Nordsieck, Wolfram (2008). . Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 12 June 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^ abNordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^ abNordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^ abNordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^ abNordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^ abNordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). . Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 12 December 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
^Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^ abcNordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
^"A Christian Democrat leadership for the UK". Financial Times. 2016-10-07. Archived from the original on 2022-12-10. Retrieved 2021-11-22.
^Stanley, Tim (2016-10-05). "Theresa May has closed the liberal era. Bring on Christian democracy". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2021-11-22.
^Longenecker, Dwight (12 May 2016). "Is It Time for a US Christian Democracy Party?". Aleteia. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
^"El perfil ideológico del Partido Blanco" (in Spanish). República.com. 15 June 2014.
^"Proyecto Venezuela suspende su participación en el proceso de validación". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 26 March 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
December 27, 2022
list, christian, democratic, parties, christian, democratic, party, redirects, here, list, parties, named, christian, democratic, party, christian, democratic, party, disambiguation, christian, democratic, parties, political, parties, that, seek, apply, christ. Christian Democratic Party redirects here For a list of parties named Christian Democratic Party see Christian Democratic Party disambiguation Christian democratic parties are political parties that seek to apply Christian principles to public policy The underlying Christian democracy movement emerged in 19th century Europe largely under the influence of Catholic social teaching and Neo Calvinist theology 1 2 Christian democracy continues to be influential in Europe and Latin America though in a number of countries its Christian ethos has been diluted by secularisation In practice Christian democracy is often considered centre right on cultural social and moral issues but centre left with respect to economic and labor issues civil rights and foreign policy as well as the environment 3 nb 1 generally supporting a social market economy 3 Christian democracy can be seen as either conservative centrist or liberal left of right of or center of the mainstream political parties depending on the social and political atmosphere of a given country and the positions held by individual Christian democratic parties In Europe where their opponents have traditionally been secularist socialists Christian democratic parties are moderately conservative overall whereas in the very different cultural and political environment of Latin America they tend to lean to the left It is the dominant centre right political movement in Europe but by contrast Christian democratic parties in Latin America tend to be left leaning 5 Christian democracy includes elements common to several other political ideologies including conservatism liberalism and social democracy In the United States Christian democratic parties of Europe and Latin America deemed conservative and liberal respectively in their geopolitical regions are both generally regarded as farther left wing of the mainstream 6 Alphabetical list by country EditContents A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z This section has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed November 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message This section possibly contains original research Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations Statements consisting only of original research should be removed November 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message A Edit AlbaniaAlbanian Christian Democratic Movement Christian Democratic Party of Albania ArgentinaChristian Democratic Party 7 ArmeniaChristian Democratic Rebirth Party 8 Christian Democratic Union of Armenia National Christian Party ArubaAruban People s Party AustraliaChristian Democratic Party citation needed Democratic Labour Party AustriaAustrian People s Party 9 B Edit BelarusBelarusian Christian Democracy BPF Party BelgiumChristian Democratic and Flemish 10 Humanist Democratic Centre 10 Christian Social Party ProDG 10 Citizens Movement for Change BoliviaChristian Democratic Party 7 Bosnia and HerzegovinaCroatian Democratic Union 1990 11 Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina 11 Croatian Christian Democrats BrazilBrazilian Republican Party Christian Democracy Christian Democracy Union of Brazil Christian Labour Party Democrats Brazil Social Christian Party BulgariaUnion of Democratic Forces Christ Democratic Party of Bulgaria Reformist Bloc 12 BurundiChristian Democratic PartyC Edit CanadaChristian Heritage Party of Canada Cape VerdeMovement for Democracy Uniao Caboverdeana Independente e Democratica Cape Verdean Union for an Independent Democracy UCID ChileChristian Democratic Party 7 ColombiaChristian National Party Christians for Community Christian Social Democratic Party 7 Costa RicaChristian Democratic Party 7 Reform Party 7 Social Christian Unity Party Social Christian Republican Party Christian Democratic Alliance CroatiaCroatian Democratic Union 13 Croatian Peasant Party 13 Croatian Christian Democratic Party 13 CubaChristian Democratic Party of Cuba Christian Liberation Movement CuracaoNational People s Party CyprusDemocratic Rally 14 Czech RepublicChristian and Democratic Union Czechoslovak People s Party 15 D Edit Democratic Republic of the CongoChristian Democratic Party Democratic Republic of the Congo Convention of Christian Democrats Democratic Social Christian Party Federalist Christian Democracy Convention of Federalists for Christian Democracy Movement for the Liberation of the Congo DenmarkChristian Democrats Dominican RepublicChristian Democratic Union Christian Democratic Party 7 Social Christian Reformist PartyE Edit East TimorChristian Democratic Party Christian Democratic Union of Timor EcuadorChristian Democratic Party Ecuador 7 Social Christian Party EgyptChristian Democratic Party Egypt a Coptic party in Egypt founded in the 1950s 16 El SalvadorChristian Democratic Party 7 EstoniaPro Patria and Res Publica Union 17 Party of Estonian Christian Democrats European UnionEuropean Christian Political Movement European People s Party 18 F Edit Faroe IslandsCentre Party FinlandChristian Democrats 19 FranceThe Republicans 20 Christian Democratic PartyG Edit GeorgiaChristian Democratic Movement Alliance of Patriots of Georgia GermanyChristian Democratic Union of Germany 21 Christian Social Union in Bavaria 21 Centre Party Family Party of Germany Alliance C Christians for Germany de GibraltarNew Gibraltar Democracy GreeceChristian Democratic Party of the Overthrow New Democracy 22 H Edit HondurasChristian Democratic Party of Honduras 7 HungaryChristian Democratic People s Party 23 I Edit IndonesiaChristian Democratic Party Indonesia IrelandFine Gael 24 Fianna Fail 25 IraqChaldean Democratic Party ItalyUnion of the Centre 26 Democratic Party Popular Alternative Populars for Italy South Tyrolean People s Party 26 Forza Italia 26 Christian Democracy Italy 2004 Christian Democracy Italy 2012 K Edit KosovoAlbanian Christian Democratic Party of KosovoL Edit LiechtensteinFatherland Union 27 LithuaniaLithuanian Christian Democrats Party Homeland Union Lithuanian Christian Democrats 28 Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania 28 LebanonKataeb Party Lebanese Forces LuxembourgChristian Social People s Party 29 M Edit MaltaNationalist Party 30 MexicoNational Action Party 7 MoldovaChristian Democratic People s PartyN Edit NetherlandsChristian Democratic Appeal 30 Christian Union 30 NicaraguaSocial Christian Party 7 North MacedoniaVMRO DPMNE 31 VMRO People s Party 32 NorwayChristian People s Party 33 P Edit PanamaPeople s Party 7 Papua New GuineaChristian Democratic Party ParaguayChristian Democratic Party 7 PeruChristian People s Party 7 Democratic Party We are Peru PhilippinesLakas CMD Lakas Christian Muslim Democrats Bangon Pilipinas Party Centrist Democratic Party of the Philippines PolandAgreement Christian Democracy of the 3rd Polish Republic Civic Platform 34 Law and Justice Polish People s Party 34 PortugalDemocratic and Social Centre People s Party 35 R Edit RomaniaChristian Democratic National Peasants Party National Liberal Party Force of the Right People s Movement Party 36 RussiaChristian Democratic Party of Russia RwandaChristian Democratic PartyS Edit San MarinoSammarinese Christian Democratic Party 37 Union for the Republic 37 Saint LuciaUnited Workers Party Sao Tome and PrincipeChristian Democratic Front SerbiaChristian Democratic Party of Serbia Democratic Party of Serbia 38 Serbian Progressive Party Sint Maarten St Maarten Christian Party SlovakiaChristian Democratic Movement 39 Alliance Slovak Conservative Party 39 SloveniaNew Slovenia Christian Democrats 40 Slovenian People s Party 40 South AfricaAfrican Christian Democratic Party Christian Democratic Party United Christian Democratic Party SpainPeople s Party 41 Basque Nationalist Party 41 Democrats of Catalonia 42 SwedenChristian Democrats 43 SwitzerlandChristian Democratic People s Party of Switzerland 44 Christian Social Party of Obwalden 44 Evangelical People s Party of Switzerland 44 The Centre political party U Edit UkraineBatkivshchyna European Solidarity United KingdomConservatives 45 46 Christian Peoples Alliance 47 United StatesAmerican Solidarity Party 48 UruguayNational Party 49 Christian Democratic Party of Uruguay 7 V Edit VenezuelaProject Venezuela 50 Political Electoral Independent Organization Committee COPEI 7 National ConvergenceOther entities EditGlobal Centrist Democrat International headquartered in Brussels European Union European People s Party Centrist Democratic regional in Europe and the largest group in European ParliamentEuropean Christian Political Movement Americas Christian Democrat Organization of America Centrist Democratic regional in the Americas North and SouthRelated philosophies Edit Catholic social teaching Communitarianism Distributism Neo Calvinism Social conservatism Social market economy Political Catholicism Christian politics Christian Zionism Liberal Conservatism Abolitionism New World OrderIndices Edit List of generic names of political parties List of political parties by countrySee also Edit Conservatism portal Christian left Christian right CommunitarianismNotes Edit The basic tenets of Christian democracy call for applying Christian principles to public policy Christian democratic parties tend to be socially conservative but otherwise left of center with respect to economic and labor issues civil rights and foreign policy 4 References Edit Monsma Stephen V 2012 Pluralism and Freedom Faith based Organizations in a Democratic Society Rowman amp Littlefield p 13 ISBN 9781442214309 This is the Christian Democratic tradition and the structural pluralist concepts that underlie it The Roman Catholic social teaching of subsidiarity and its related concepts as well as the parallel neo Calvinist concept of sphere sovereignty play major roles in structural pluralist thought Witte John 1993 Christianity and Democracy in Global Context Westview Press p 9 ISBN 9780813318431 Concurrent with this missionary movement in Africa both Protestant and Catholic political activists helped to restore democracy to war torn Europe and extend it overseas Protestant political activism emerged principally in England the Lowlands and Scandinavia under the inspiration of both social gospel movements and neo Calvinism Catholic political activism emerged principally in Italy France and Spain under the inspiration of both Rerum Novarum and its early progeny and of neo Thomism Both formed political parties which now fall under the general aegis of the Christian Democratic Party movement Both Protestant and Catholic parties inveighed against the reductionist extremes and social failures of liberal democracies and social democracies Liberal democracies they believed had sacrificed the community for the individual social democracies had sacrificed the individual for the community Both parties returned to a traditional Christian teaching of social pluralism or subsidiarity which stressed the dependence and participation of the individual in family church school business and other associations Both parties stressed the responsibility of the state to respect and protect the individual in community a b Vervliet 2009 pp 48 51 sfn error no target CITEREFVervliet2009 help Kte pi 2009 p 131 sfn error no target CITEREFKte pi2009 help Szulc 1965 p 102 sfn error no target CITEREFSzulc1965 help Noack Rick Analysis Harvard celebrates Angela Merkel as a liberal hero Many left wing Germans disagree Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Retrieved 2021 04 25 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Mainwaring Scott Scully Timothy eds 2003 Christian Democracy in Latin America Electoral Competition and Regime Conflicts Stanford California Stanford University Press p 81 ISBN 0 8047 4598 6 Arminfo New Christian Democratic Party to support Pashinyan s government arminfo info Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 a b c Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 a b Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 a b c Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 Democracy Won t Save the Middle East s Religious Minorities Maged Atiya October 24 2019 Providence Magazine Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Archived from the original on 2015 06 26 Retrieved 2017 05 28 a b Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 Colomer Josep M 2008 07 25 Comparative European Politics Routledge ISBN 978 1 134 07354 2 a b c Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 a b Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 a b c Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 Nordsieck Wolfram 2008 Macedonia Parties and Elections in Europe Archived from the original on 12 June 2010 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 a b Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 a b Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 a b Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 a b Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 a b Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 Nordsieck Wolfram 2017 Catalonia Spain Parties and Elections in Europe Archived from the original on 12 December 2017 Retrieved 28 April 2019 Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 a b c Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe www parties and elections eu Retrieved 2017 05 28 A Christian Democrat leadership for the UK Financial Times 2016 10 07 Archived from the original on 2022 12 10 Retrieved 2021 11 22 Stanley Tim 2016 10 05 Theresa May has closed the liberal era Bring on Christian democracy The Telegraph ISSN 0307 1235 Retrieved 2021 11 22 Freston Protestant Political Parties 53 Longenecker Dwight 12 May 2016 Is It Time for a US Christian Democracy Party Aleteia Retrieved 4 July 2016 El perfil ideologico del Partido Blanco in Spanish Republica com 15 June 2014 Proyecto Venezuela suspende su participacion en el proceso de validacion La Patilla in European Spanish 26 March 2017 Retrieved 27 March 2017 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of Christian democratic parties amp oldid 1128258761, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
