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National Liberal Party (Romania)

October 02, 2023

This article is about the modern political party. For the historical party, see National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875).

The National Liberal Party (Romanian: Partidul Național Liberal, PNL) is a liberal-conservative political party in Romania (and the second largest overall political party in the country as of mid 2023). Re-founded in mid January 1990, shortly after the Revolution of 1989 which culminated in the fall of communism in Romania, it claims the legacy of the major political party of the same name, active between 1875 and 1947 in the Kingdom of Romania (Romanian: Regatul României). Based on this historical legacy, it often presents itself as the first formally constituted political party in the country and the oldest party from the family of European liberal parties as well.[34]

National Liberal Party
Partidul Național Liberal
AbbreviationPNL
PresidentNicolae Ciucă
Secretary-GeneralLucian Bode
SpokesmanIonuț-Marian Stroe
First-Vice PresidentsRareș Bogdan
Lucian Bode
Dan Motreanu
Gheorghe Flutur
Iulian Dumitrescu
Leader in the SenateCătălin-Daniel Fenechiu
Leader in the Chamber of DeputiesFlorin Roman
Leader in the European ParliamentRareș Bogdan
Founded15 January 1990 (re-established after the Romanian Revolution)[1][2]
Preceded byNational Liberal Party
(1875–1947/1950)[3][4]
HeadquartersModrogan nr 1, Sector 1, Bucharest
Student wingLiberal Student Clubs (CSL)
Youth wingNational Liberal Youth (TNL)
Women's wingLiberal Women National Organisation (ONFL)
Membership (2023)c. 182,000[5]
Ideology
Political positionCentre-right[26]
National affiliationRomanian Democratic Convention
(1991–1992; 1993–1999)[27]
Justice and Truth Alliance
(2003–2007)
Centre Right Alliance
(2011–2013)
Social Liberal Union
(2011–2014)
Christian Liberal Alliance (2014)
National Coalition for Romania (2021–present)
European affiliationEuropean People's Party (EPP)[b]
International affiliationCentrist Democrat International (CDI)
European Parliament groupEuropean People's Party (EPP)
Colours  Yellow
  Blue
SloganPrin noi înșine!
("Through Ourselves!")
Anthem"Verde-nrourat"[28]
"Dewy Green"
Senate
37 / 136
[29]
Chamber of Deputies
82 / 330
[30]
European Parliament
10 / 33
[31]
Mayors
1,248 / 3,176
[32]
County Presidents
17 / 41
[32]
County Councilors
489 / 1,340
[32]
Local Council Councilors
15,043 / 39,900
[32]
Ministers
9 / 18
[a]
Party flag
Website
pnl.ro
a. ^ + a Deputy Prime Minister

[33]

b. Previously a member of the Alliance for Europe of the Nations (until 2006) and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (for the period 2007–2014)

Recent historical overview Edit

Until 2014, the PNL was a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE).[35] The party statutes adopted in June 2014 dropped any reference to international affiliation, consequently most of its MEPs joined the European People's Party Group (EPP) in the European Parliament.

On 12 September 2014, it was admitted as a full member of the European People's Party (EPP),[36] and subsequently merged with the Democratic Liberal Party (PDL). The party was also a member of the Liberal International (LI)[37] before switching to Centrist Democrat International (CDI).[38] Currently, it is the second-largest party in the Romanian Parliament, with 82 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 37 in the Senate, behind the Social Democratic Party (PSD). Additionally, the party currently has the largest number of MEPs in the European Parliament on behalf of Romania (more specifically 10 out of 33).

At local political level, the PNL has been very closely associated with either the Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania (FDGR/DFDR), more specifically in parts of Banat and Transylvania, or, formerly, with the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (PNȚCD), in southern Romania.[39]

After it won the 2020 local elections, the PNL became the first political party in Transylvania, Banat, and Bukovina, establishing new political alliances at national level with, most notably, USR PLUS shortly thereafter. Moreover, as of mid 2023, the PNL also holds the largest amount of incumbent county councillors and local councillors nationwide, making it, in these regards, the most influential political party in Romania at local level. Nonetheless, concerning the total amount of mayors, the PNL comes second behind the PSD.

During late 2021, the PNL broke the alliance with USR PLUS (now simply legally known as USR) and continued under former party president Cîțu a minority government alongside the Hungarian minority-oriented UDMR/RMDSZ (with the support of President Klaus Iohannis), consequently causing the three month-long 2021 Romanian political crisis, until successfully negotiating with their historical nominal adversaries PSD in early November 2021 a grand coalition government between themselves and the UDMR/RMDSZ (known as the National Coalition for Romania or CNR for short), thereby leading to the formation of the incumbent Ciucă cabinet led by Prime Minister Nicolae Ciucă (current leader of the PNL since April 2022 onwards).

In mid June 2023, Ciucă resigned as part of the coalition protocol previously agreed between the PNL and PSD and let Marcel Ciolacu (current PSD leader) become the incumbent Prime Minister of Romania. In the meantime, the UDMR/RMDSZ was also taken out of government and thereby rejected from the composition of the current Ciolacu Cabinet in which PNL is still the second party. Furthermore, the share of governmental power between the PSD and PNL is even between the two constituent political parties of the incumbent Ciolacu Cabinet (or the second CNR cabinet).

History Edit

Re-foundation and first governing experiences after the 1989 Romanian Revolution (1990–2000) Edit

Main articles: National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875); Liberalism and radicalism in Romania; and Romanian Revolution
 
Flowchart showcasing the liberal political groups which seceded from and were subsequently integrated within the National Liberal Party during the 1990s (all with the exception of PNL-C).

The National Liberal Party of Romania (PNL) was re-founded in January 1990, a few days after the end of the violent Romanian Revolution. During the early 1990s, the party primarily revolved around the presidencies of Radu Câmpeanu and Mircea Ionescu-Quintus, both former members of the historical PNL and liberal youth leaders during the interwar period as well as during and shortly after World War II.

At the 1990 general elections, the PNL became the third largest party in the Parliament of Romania and its then re-founding leader, Radu Câmpeanu, finished second in the same year's presidential elections, with 10.6% of the cast votes, behind Ion Iliescu. In December 1990, the Socialist Liberal Party (PSL) led by Niculae Cerveni established an alliance with the PNL and the latter became vice-president of the PNL led by Câmpeanu at that time.[40]

Shortly afterwards, at the main request and most notably alongside the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (PNȚCD), but to a lesser extent also with other smaller center-right parties and NGOs, the PNL managed to form the Romanian Democratic Convention (CDR) in an effort to assemble a stronger collective opposition and alternative governing body to then ruling National Salvation Front (FSN), which was, in many ways, the heir of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR). However, prior to the 1992 general elections, Câmpeanu decided to withdraw the party from the CDR electoral alliance and instead compete as a stand-alone political force. One of the main reasons for doing so was Câmpeanu's reluctance for the PNL to run on common lists with the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ).

 
Central headquarters of the PNL located on Modrogan Alley, Bucharest (September 2014)

This had ultimately proven to be an eventual major strategic error for the PNL, as the party did not manage to surpass the needed electoral threshold for parliamentary presence and as such was forced to enter extra-parliamentary opposition for the period 1992–1996. Furthermore, this political decision also resulted in several splinter factions leaving the main party, with some PNL deflecting groups opting to remain within the CDR while others still endorsing Câmpeanu's side in a new party which was called PNL-C (Romanian: Partidul Național Liberal-Câmpeanu). Therefore, the factions which deflected from the main PNL and aligned themselves with the CDR were PNL-CD (led by Niculae Cerveni), PNL-AT, and PL '93. Other minor liberal political parties such as PAC and UFD (which later merged into the main PNL) were also part of the CDR throughout the late 1990s.

Nevertheless, after a change of leadership that saw Ionescu-Quintus as the new party leader elected in 1995, the PNL contested the 1996 general election once again as part of the CDR.[41] The 1996 general elections represented the first peaceful transition of power in post-1989 Romania, with the PNL, PNȚCD, Democratic Party (PD), and the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ) forming a grand coalition that pushed the PDSR (formerly the FSN and FDSN) in opposition for the period 1996–2000. Furthermore, the presidency was also won by the CDR's common candidate, more specifically Emil Constantinescu, who received endorsement on behalf of all of the alliance's constituent parties (including the PNL political groups therein).

Opposition and second governing experiences (2000–2010) Edit

Between 1996 and 2000, because of the lack of political coherence within the parties of the governing CDR coalition and the multiple changes of cabinets that followed throughout this entire period of time, the PNL decided once more to withdraw from the alliance just before the 2000 general election and, consequently, to compete alone instead. This time, the party managed to gain parliamentary presence but failed to form another centre-right government, finishing fourth in the legislative elections and third in the presidential election. However, a splinter group founded by Dan Amedeo Lăzărescu and led by Decebal Traian Remeș which was called PNL-T (Romanian: PNL Tradițional) decided to remain within CDR 2000 and contest that year's general election by endorsing Mugur Isărescu as presidential candidate.

Therefore, during the mid 2000s (more specifically starting in 2003), the PNL joined forces with the PD in order to form the Justice and Truth Alliance (DA)[41] so as to compete in the 2004 general election as an alternative to the then ruling PSD (formerly PDSR) government. The alliance managed to finish second by popular vote in the Parliament, subsequently form a centre-right cabinet, and also win the presidency during the same year.

Until April 2007, the PNL was the largest member of the governing Justice and Truth Alliance (DA), which enjoyed a parliamentary majority due to an alliance between the PNL, PD, the Conservative Party (PC), and the UDMR/RMDSZ.[42] In April 2007, then PNL Prime Minister Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu, who was also the party president, formed a minority government solely with the UDMR/RMDSZ and the remainder PD ministers were reshuffled. This caused internal opposition within the party and led to the scission of a splinter group which turned into a political party under Theodor Stolojan, more specifically the Liberal Democratic Party (PLD), eventually merging with the PD to form the Democratic Liberal Party (PDL).

After the 2008 legislative election, the party placed third and entered official opposition, winning 19.74% seats in the Parliament, while the new grand coalition, formed by their former enlarged ally, the Democrat Liberals (PDL) and the Social Democratic Party (PSD), obtained roughly 70% together. At the 2009 presidential election, the National Liberal Party's then newly elected leader, Crin Antonescu, finished third in the first round and the party would still find itself in parliamentary opposition for the three next years to come up until the accession of the Social Liberal Union (USL) to governance in mid 2012.

At the same time, Klaus Iohannis, at that time solely FDGR/DFDR president, was nominated twice by the PNL (along with their most sturdy and powerful allies, the PSD and the PC) in 2009, but was rejected by then state president Traian Băsescu.[43][44]

Transition from USL to ACL and third governing experiences (2010–2020) Edit

On 5 February 2011, the PNL formed the Social Liberal Union (USL) political alliance with the PSD, the National Union for the Progress of Romania (UNPR), and the Conservative Party (PC).[45][46] The PNL subsequently exited the USL on 25 February 2014, disbanding the alliance and returning to opposition.[47] On 26 May 2014, following the 2014 European elections, then PNL party president Crin Antonescu announced he was seeking membership within the European People's Party (EPP).[48][49] At the beginning of the 8th European Parliament, 5 of the PNL MEPs sat with the EPP Group, and 1 with the ALDE Group,[50] who later became an independent MEP within ALDE. In late May 2014, the party agreed to a future merger with the Democratic Liberal Party (PDL), with the two parties main short-time goal being to submit a joint candidate for the upcoming presidential election.[51] The PNL-PDL presidential candidate was agreed to run under an electoral banner called the Christian Liberal Alliance (ACL).[52][53]

On 27 June 2014, former PNL chairman Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu announced his intention to found a separate liberal party to run for president, stating opposition to the upcoming merger with the PDL.[54] The breakaway party, called the Liberal Reformist Party (PLR), was founded by Popescu-Tăriceanu on 3 July 2014.[55] On 17 July 2014, it was announced that the future merger of the PNL and PDL would retain the National Liberal Party name, while being situated in the PDL's existing headquarters in Bucharest, and would be legally registered by the end of 2014.[56] On 26 July 2014, a joint party congress of the PNL and PDL approved the merger.[57]

In the first round of the 2014 presidential election on 2 November 2014, ACL presidential candidate Klaus Iohannis, PNL party president and Mayor of Sibiu was the runner-up.[58] Iohannis won the runoff election held on 16 November 2014 with 54.5% of the total number of votes.[59][60] At the 2016 local elections and legislative elections, the PNL managed to finish second, behind the PSD, and consequently in continuous opposition until 2019 when it regained executive power.

Regarding the 2019 presidential election, the party previously announced its formal endorsement for a second term of incumbent state president Klaus Iohannis in March 2018 along with an official designation of Ludovic Orban, former party president, for the position of Prime Minister should the PNL win the 2020 legislative elections.[61][62] In June 2018, at an open air press conference in his native Sibiu, Iohannis publicly announced his intention to run for a second presidential term.[63]

The year 2019 saw two minor parties adhering to the PNL, namely the PND (led by Daniel Fenechiu) and PACT (led by Sebastian Burduja), thereby increasing its total number of members. In late 2019, the National Liberal Party acceded to governance under a minority stand-alone government led by Orban which was voted twice by the Parliament (under, most notably, a confidence and supply agreement with USR and PMP as well as most ethnic minority parties, including most importantly the FDGR/DFDR). At national level, the greatest two challenges that the Orban cabinet tried to monitor, control, and solve were the COVID-19 pandemic as well as its affiliated recession.

Brief alliance with USR PLUS and fourth governing experiences (2020–present) Edit

 
Electoral banner of the PNL (bottom) for the 2020 Romanian legislative election displayed in Bucharest (November 2020). The Romanian caption translates to: 'We develop Romania #Succeeding! Together'.

The PNL ran in several electoral alliances with the 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance for the 2020 Romanian local elections, winning the mayor of Bucharest (along with several of the capital's sectors) as well as many other municipalities throughout the countryside. Shortly thereafter, the PNL decided to form local alliances with, most notably, USR PLUS, PMP, and FDGR/DFDR (as well as with two local branches of the PNȚCD and UDMR/RMDSZ in Hunedoara County). After the 2020 Romanian legislative election, the party agreed to form a coalition government alongside USR PLUS and UDMR/RMDSZ in order to reportedly provide a stable governance for the next 4 years in Romania.

Furthermore, incumbent party president Ludovic Orban decided to step down as Prime Minister in early December 2020, letting Nicolae Ciucă acting until the new coalition received the confidence vote in the Parliament after the 2020 legislative elections concluded with concrete, positive results on behalf of a future center-right government. Subsequently, the newly proposed Prime Minister on behalf of the PNL was Florin Cîțu, who previously served as the Minister of Public Finance in both Orban cabinets between 2019 and 2020. Therefore, Cîțu took office on 23 December 2020, after an overwhelming confidence vote in the Parliament (260 for in counterpart to 186 against).[64]

In the meantime, it has been announced that a new party congress will take place on 25 September 2021 with 5,000 delegates.[65] At the forthcoming congress, incumbent party president Ludovic Orban will face incumbent Prime Minister Florin Cîțu for the leadership of the party during the upcoming years (although it has been rumoured that Dan Motreanu, former Minister for Agriculture in the First Tăriceanu Cabinet between 2006 and 2007, would also announce his candidacy at a later point during 2021 but the latter eventually declined it).[66] Furthermore, this new congress will also determine the leadership of PNL at each and every level within the party nationwide. Nonetheless, up until the date of the congress, Orban will still remain party president. At the same time, the struggle for power within the PNL between Cîțu and Orban (each one along with their respective teams of supporters) considerably bogged down the pace of reforms applied by the government.

Major involvement in the 2021 Romanian political crisis Edit

Main article: 2021 Romanian political crisis

During early September 2021, several weeks prior to the new congress of the party, USR-PLUS decided to exit the Cîțu Cabinet in protest to Cîțu's dismissal of the Minister of Justice; the initial coalition consisting of three centre-right parties was thereby disbanded and reduced to two, with the USR-PLUS officially entering opposition and even publicly declaring that they will endorse any motion of no confidence against Cîțu in the future, deeming him responsible for creating a major governmental crisis in the process.

Moreover, according to USR PLUS, Cîțu is also responsible for legalizing massive theft from public procurement money with the approval of PNDL 3 (overtaking, in this regard, even convicted former PSD leader Liviu Dragnea) in the prospect of bribing PNL mayors (referred to as "local barons" in a press report by USR PLUS) to side with him for the then upcoming party congress which was held on 25 September 2021.[67][68]

In response, Cîțu stated: "only this [three-party] coalition is feasible for Romania. It's that political setup that can handle European Union's recovery plan, our local development, and make use of EU money," after an emergency meeting of the party. He also stated that "this is my message for the coalition talks later today, we have all promised Romania's investments".[69]

Additionally, in response to sacking the Justice Minister, Cîțu mentioned in a late night news briefing the following: "I will not accept ministers in the Romanian government who oppose the modernisation of Romania. Blocking the activity of the government only because you do not agree to develop the communities, means violating the mandate given to you by the parliament through the governing programme.", referring to a 50 billion lei ($12 billion) allegedly local development financing scheme aimed at modernizing decrepit infrastructure in the countryside and the plan which needed the justice ministry's seal of approval.[70]

Eventually, the PNL was helped to maintain a minority cabinet along with the UDMR/RMDSZ after they boycotted the no confidence motion initiated by the USR PLUS and AUR, with the help of both PSD and UDMR/RMDSZ parliamentary groups. In the meantime, Cîțu posted a video portraying himself as Superman on Instagram.[71] In response, the Romanian internet community made a video in which he was portrayed as the psychopathic supervillain Joker.[72] Moreover, Ludovic Orban hinted a psychiatric consultation for Cîțu, in reaction to the Instagram videoclip.[73]

In addition, it was also in 2021 that, at local political level, the PNL lost other former allies, more specifically the PMP, who veered towards PSD and PRO Romania, establishing new political alliances in some counties (most notably Caraș-Severin) with the two centre-left political parties.[74] In the meantime, former Deputy Prime Minister Dan Barna said that "if USR PLUS will remain in opposition, it will win the electorate of the right [in 2024]".[75] Additionally, Marcel Ciolacu, the incumbent president of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and thereby the leader of the then largest opposition party, stated on 20 September 2021 that PSD will vote for the no confidence motion initiated by the USR PLUS and AUR. In the meantime, PNL president Ludovic Orban clearly stated that "Cîțu could only remain Prime Minister with PSD's endorsement which would be a catastrophe for both Romania and the PNL". In stark contrast to Orban's statement, Iohannis declared that he still endorses Cîțu and that he has no reasons whatsoever for resigning or for being ousted. Nonetheless, in late September 2021, DNA officially started the criminal investigation in Florin Cîțu's case on the grounds of abuse of office and incitement to abuse of office as Prime Minister.[76]

Several noteworthy Romanian journalists such as Cristian Tudor Popescu, Lucian Mîndruță, and Ramona Ursu have also criticized Cîțu and his actions as Prime Minister and have described themselves totally revolted with respect to why would he still be left to serve as Prime Minister.[77][78]

All throughout this period of time, the political crisis had severe results in the economy of the country, with the euro rising consistently above the leu, as reported by the National Bank of Romania (BNR) in the beginning of the autumn of 2021.[79] Furthermore, during late September 2021, the USD had also risen consistently above the RON, as the political crisis kept on lingering. In addition, the finance department of Bloomberg also noted the record inflation levels which rose to the highest charting positions in the last three years in Romania in early September 2021.[80]

As of 12 September 2021, most of the initial PNL-USR PLUS local alliances established after the 2020 local elections have been disbanded, with the USR PLUS entering official opposition at all local levels towards the PNL. The PNL also has a local governing alliance with the PSD in Ialomița.

Cîțu's leadership (September 2021–April 2022) Edit

On 25 September 2021, at the PNL congress held at Romexpo in Bucharest, Florin Cîțu was elected the 10th post-1989 president of the PNL with 2,878 votes out of 4,848 total delegates, being congratulated, most notably, by congress organiser Theodor Stolojan, amidst significant heavy fraud allegations claimed, most importantly, by previous PNL president Ludovic Orban and subsequently by Adrian Veștea.[81] Nonetheless, Orban congratulated Cîțu but also said that he no longer has a partnership with Iohannis. Furthermore, he also stated that he resigns from the office of the President of the Chamber of Deputies. The Romanian press had also cited Cîțu's triumph as a Pyrrhic victory given the fact that, on the one hand, PSD announced that they will vote the no confidence motion initiated by USR PLUS and AUR and, on the other hand, USR PLUS also stated that they will no longer want to govern under Cîțu.[82]

On 26 September 2021, the party's new leadership team under Cîțu was voted, validated, and consequently established as well.[83] Shortly after the congress, on 27 September, former president Ludovic Orban stated that Cîțu became persona non grata for a huge number of Romanian citizens and that he doesn't understand he will no longer be PM for too long, only with the mercy of PSD.[84] In the meantime, the PNRR (part of the Next Generation EU package and short for Romanian: Planul Național de Redresare și Reziliență) was signed and adopted in Bucharest on the occasion of Ursula von der Leyen's visit, mandated by the European Commission.[85] The Romanian PNRR is the 5th Next Generation EU plan adopted by volume of funds and most of the work and successful negations on it were carried out by USR PLUS ministers, in particular Cristian Ghinea. Most opinion polls conducted throughout 2021 registered a significant drop of trust both in Cîțu as PM and in the PNL in the perspective of the next Romanian legislative elections which are most likely going to take place in 2024. In the meantime, PSD initiated its own motion of no confidence which is scheduled to be debated on 30 September and voted on 5 October.[86] In addition, former party president Valeriu Stoica accused the recent political behaviour of PNL in the following manner: "PNL acts like PSD", further stating that the party is operating on a catch all ideology and consistent party switching as well as currently defying and breaching the constitution.[87]

On 5 October 2021, the Cîțu cabinet was ousted by an overwhelming vote on behalf of the PSD, AUR, and USR parliamentary groups at the no confidence motion debated and voted during that day. The no confidence motion was voted by 281 MPs, the largest number of votes to dismiss a government in Romania's post-1989 history.[88] Nevertheless, Cîțu still served as acting/ad interim Prime Minister until a new government will be validated by vote in the Parliament and then subsequently sworn in (i.e. for at least one week from October 5 until still incumbent President Klaus Iohannis will call for party consultations).[89] In the meantime, former PNL president Valeriu Stoica heavily criticized Iohannis for allowing "mediocre people at the leadership of the party" since 2014 onwards.[90] He previously also stated that the PNL would demonstrate gross political immaturity if they will still propose Cîțu as Prime Minister at subsequent party consultations scheduled to take place at the Cotroceni Palace.[91] At the same time, he mentioned that Iohannis should have that the political status quo imposed Cîțu's resignation, avoiding as such the motion of no confidence.[92]

On 11 October, still incumbent President Klaus Iohannis nominated USR leader and former Prime Minister Dacian Cioloș to form a new government.[93] Cioloș was subsequently rejected by the parliament and Iohannis appointed previous acting PM Nicolae Ciucă instead on 21 October 2021.[94] In late October, relatively shortly after his dismissal, Cîțu's approval rate hit 7% nationwide, a negative record for him. Given the matter, Cîțu resorted to buying Facebook likes from countries such as Vietnam, the ones from the ex-Soviet Union and from the Arab world, partly according to an analysis by former Health minister Vlad Voiculescu of Save Romania Union (USR).[95][96] In early November 2021, journalist Lucian Mîndruță heavily criticized Iohannis and PNL for making an alliance with PSD, also stating that PSD is the only political party in post-1989 Romania which acceded to governance by "walking on corpses", a reference to the dreadful demographic effects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in Romania.[97][98]

In mid-early November 2021, several noteworthy political sources hinted a very probable merger of PMP with PNL sometime in the near future (although previous PMP president Cristian Diaconescu publicly dismissed this scenario on his Facebook page) and even a possible, hypothetical absorption of ALDE afterwards (paradoxically enough, thereby subsequently producing the return of Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu in the party he had previously left in 2014), just after the exclusion of Ludovic Orban from the party on 12 November 2021, who stated that "he is [now] free to build a new political force".[99][100] At an official level however, Cristian Diaconescu later stated that there are indeed negotiations between the delegations of the two parties for a "common political project".[101] Shortly afterwards, incumbent party president Cîțu stated, in the context of the ongoing negotiations with the PSD, that "it is a major compromise that PNL does" (i.e. to make a government with PSD).[102] In stark contrast, former PNL president Orban stated that "a monster is being built" (in reference to the subsequent hypothetical longtime alliance between PSD and PNL) and that he has the obligation to the people who voted for PNL to represent them, as such siding with USR in the process.[103] Subsequently, Diaconescu totally dismissed the possibility of a hypothetical merger between PMP and PNL during his term as PMP president, instead expecting a future invitation to governance, even though PMP is currently extra-parliamentary.[104] On 22 November 2021, Nicolae Ciucă was officially designated PM by Klaus Iohannis, being in charge of a grand coalition government known as the National Coalition for Romania (CNR for short).[105][106] Shortly afterwards, on 23 November 2021, former PNL president Ludovic Orban had officially resigned from the party along with 16 others PNL MPs.[107] In December 2021, Orban officially founded his party which is called "Force of the Right" (or FD for short).

In early 2022, incumbent PNL spokesman Ionuț-Marian Stroe announced that the PNL has just started negotiations for a very probable near future merger with ALDE, but without former ALDE president Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu, who is no longer even a member of the latter party.[108] In addition, it was confirmed that PNL is also currently negotiating with PMP for a future merger as well.[109] On 2 April 2022, Florin Cîțu resigned from the position of PNL president and prior to this decision Dan Vîlceanu also announced his resignation as secretary-general of the party.[110] Gheorghe Flutur, president of the Suceava County council, became acting/ad interim president of the PNL on 2 April 2022 until a new congress was held on 10 April 2022.[111]

Ciucă's leadership (April 2022–present) Edit

At an extraordinary party congress held on 10 April 2022, Nicolae Ciucă was elected the 11th post-1989 president of the PNL with 1,060 valid votes out of 1,120 total ones (60 were nullified and 159 were abstentions).[112] Thus, Nicolae Ciucă became the first military leader in the history of the party. Additionally, Ciucă's primary objective as PNL president was to maintain the cohesion of the CNR grand coalition until the end of his term as Prime Minister which took place in mid June 2023. Afterwards, the PNL maintained the CNR grand coalition only with PSD, removing UDMR/RMDSZ from government, but retaining the confidence and supply agreement with the political group of the national minorities in the Parliament, thereby still having a solid majority needed for endorsing the incumbent Ciolacu Cabinet.

In terms of external politics, the CNR government led by former Prime Minister Nicolae Ciucă expressed serious concern over the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War. Internally, the PNL chose their new secretary-general on 27 May 2022, when the party's national council re-united to vote for this position in front of 1,000 national delegates.[113]

Under Ciucă's premiership, Romania experienced democratic backsliding,[114] with The Economist ranking it last in the European Union in the world terms of democracy,[115] even behind Viktor Orbán's Hungary.[116]

Scissions and mergers Edit

 
Diagram showcasing the political evolution of the National Liberal Party (PNL), from 1990 until 2016.

Parties seceded from PNL Edit

Parties absorbed by PNL Edit

Ideology Edit

The party officially adheres to the doctrine of liberalism in the form of conservative liberalism[7] and liberal conservatism,[6] advocating both economic and social liberalization.[122] The party also takes a pro-European stance.[123] In recent years, it has focused more on economic liberalism and a shift to a more catch all platform. The National Liberal Party (PNL) also advocates for conservative initiatives and policies and the state in moral and religious issues, as well as the privatization and denationalization of the economy, a trend which is currently[when?] taking place quite rapidly in Romania, as in other post-communist economies in Central and Eastern Europe. Unlike its Western counterparts, the party is more nationalist[124] and traditionalist on social issues, such as LGBT rights.[125][126][127]

The party has factions of adherence to Christian democracy, national liberalism, ethnic nationalism,[128] neoliberalism, and social conservatism.[129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136] The party has also been described as populist,[137][138][139] while former president Florin Cîțu rejects this qualification.[140] However, after joining the European People's Party (EPP) and especially under Cîțu and Ciucă's leadership, the party became more conservative,[141][142][143] Radio Free Europe calling it "liberal only in the name".[144]

In economic regards, it deems significant the fact that taxes must be lowered and that the private sector of the national economy must be expanded and helped by a series of new laws in order to generate more value.[145] It also advocates a decentralization of Romania's political structure, with greater autonomy given to the eight development regions. However, under Ciucă's rule, the party also shifted more from a liberal-oriented economy towards economic patriotism.[146] [147][148][149] Opposition leader Cătălin Drulă, the incumbent president of the Save Romania Union (USR), accused the party of being statist.[150]

Structure Edit

According to the statute, the leading organs of the party are the following:[151]

Congress Edit

The Congress, or The General Assembly of the delegates of the party's members (Romanian: Congresul; Adunarea Generală a delegaţilor membrilor partidului) is the supreme authority in the party. It leads the party and takes decisions at national level. Its members are elected by the local (territorial) organizations, and The National Consillium. The Congress meets every four years, after the parliamentary elections, or at any time needed. The Congress is convoked either by the Permanent Delegation (see below), at the request of the Central Political Bureau, or at the request of at least half of the Territorial Permanent Delegations. The Congress elects the President of the National Liberal Party, the 15 vice-presidents of the Central Standing Bureau (7 with specific attributions and 8 responsible for the development regions), 23 judges of The Honor and Referee Court (Romanian: Curtea de Onoare şi Arbitraj), 7 members of The Central Committee of Censors (Romanian: Comisia Centrală de Cenzori).

The last congress took place at Romexpo in Bucharest on 25 September 2021, when the 10th post-1989 president of the party was elected being Florin Cîțu.

Permanent Delegation Edit

The Permanent Delegation (Romanian: Delegaţia Permanentă – DP) is the structure that leads the party between two Congresses. It meets monthly, or at any time needed. Its members are the following; the President of the National Liberal Party, the members of the Central Political Bureau, the President of the Senate of the party, the Secretary General of the National Liberal Party, the presidents of the two Chambers of the Parliament (if the officeholders are members of the PNL), the leaders of the National liberal Party's parliamentary groups, the Senators and Deputies, the MEPs, the Ministers, the President of the National Liberal Youth (TNL), the President of the Liberal Women Organisation (OFL), the President of the Liberal Student Clubs (CSL), the President of the League of the Local Elected Officeholders of the National Liberal Party (LAL PNL), the President of the Coordinating Council of the Municipality of Bucharest, the European Commissioner (if the officeholder is member of the PNL).

National Political Bureau Edit

The National Political Bureau (Romanian: Biroul Politic Național – BPN) of the National Liberal Party (PNL) proposes the party's politics and coordinates its application. It ensures the party's day-to-day leadership, and it is composed by the following: the President of the party, the 15 vice-presidents (7 with specific charges, and 8 responsible for the development regions). At the BPC's meetings can assist, with consultative vote, the president of the Senate of the PNL, the Secretary-General of the PNL, the Presidents of the two Chambers of the Parliament (if the officeholders are members of the PNL), the leaders of the National liberal Party's parliamentary groups, the President of the TNL, the President of the OFL, the President of the CSL, the President of the League of the LAL, and the Ministers. The BPC meets weekly, or at any time needed, convoked by the president of the PNL.

According to Article 70 of the PNL Statute, the BPN coordinates and evaluates the objectives of the territorial branches, of the parliamentary groups; it negotiates political agreements (within the limits established by the DP); it coordinates the elections campaign; proposes sanctions according to the Statute; proposes to the DP the political strategy of the party; proposes the candidates for the central executive or public offices; for certain territorial units, proposes to the DP the candidates for the parliamentary elections; proposes to the DP the candidates for the European Parliament elections; proposes the DP to dissolve or dismiss, for exceptional reasons, the territorial branch, or the branch's president; convokes the DP; coordinates the activity of the permanent committees of the National Council, validates or invalidates the results of the elections for the territorial branches; appoints the Secretary-Executive, the Foreign Secretary, and Deputy-Secretaries-General.

The BPN is assisted, in the organizing activity by the Secretary General of the PNL. This office ensures the communication between the central organisms and the territorial branches, ensures the management of the party's assets, is responsible for the informational system. The Secretary-General is assisted by the Deputy-Secretaries-General, appointed by the BPC at the suggestion of the Secretary-General.

As of 2018, the National Political Bureau was composed of the following members:[152]

In normal conditions, the term of the BPN members ends during the Party's Congress, when the president leaves the presidium of the Congress. The president of the Standing Bureau of the Congress is, formally, the acting president of the party until the new president is elected. The last acting president of the National Liberal Party (PNL) was Mircea Ionescu-Quintus on 20 March 2009, when Crin Antonescu succeeded Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu.

National Council Edit

The National Council (Romanian: Consiliul Naţional – CN) is the debate forum of the National Liberal Party between two Congresses. It reunites twice a year, or at any time necessary, convoked by the president, by the BPC, or at the request of at least half of its members. Its members are: DP, including the members with consultative vote; the Secretaries of State and the equivalent officeholders; the Prefects and Deputy-Prefects; Presidents and vice-presidents of the County Councils; Mayors and Deputy-Mayors of the county capitals, of the sectors of Bucharest, the General Mayor and General Deputy-Mayors of Bucharest; the vice-presidents and Secretaries-General of TNL, OFL, CSL, the Senate of the Party, LAL; honorary members of the party; the President of the structures that deal with specific issues; the Presidents of the CN.

The CN has the following competences: acts to fulfill the decisions of the Congress; adopts the Governing Program; adopts the programs and sectorial politics of the party; approves the reports of the specialty committees; names the candidate of the National Liberal Party for the Romanian Presidency; gives and retracts the quality of honorary member of the party.

According to Article 65 of the Statute, the CN is organized and functions through its permanent specialty committees, constituted on social and professional criteria. The committees constituted on social criteria promote the interests of the correspondent social category. The committees constituted on professional criteria state the sectorial politics and the public politics in major fields, to express the options and solutions proposed by the National Liberal Party.

President Edit

The President of the National Liberal Party (PNL) is the guardian of the political programme of the party, of the respect of the statute, and the keeper of the unity and prestige of the party.

Secretary-General Edit

The Secretary-General ensures the communication between the central leading structures and the territorial ones, ensures the management of the assets of the party, is responsible for the informational system. The Secretary-General is helped in its activity by Deputy-Secretaries-General appointed by the BPC, upon the suggestion of the Secretary-General.

Other national structures Edit

  • The Senate of the party – consulting organism for the president regarding the continuity and development of the liberal traditions and concepts;
  • Court of Honor and Arbitration – the supreme court of the party;
  • Central Committee of Censors – checks the management of the party;
  • Ethics Commission – analyzes the candidates proposed for the legislative elections and for the offices in the Government as well as other central offices;
  • National Liberal Youth – coordinates the activity specific to the youth structures in the territory;
  • League of the Local Elected Officeholders – coordinates the activity of the PNL members in the local public administration (mayors and deputy-mayors, local councilors, county councilors, county council presidents, and deputy-presidents);
  • Liberal Women Organisation – coordinates the activity of the territorial women organizations;
  • Liberal Student Clubs – promotes the liberal ideas and political program of the PNL through the students.

Local leading structures Edit

The local leading structures of the National Liberal Party (PNL) are the following:

  • the General Assembly of the Members (Romanian: Adunarea Generală a membrilor – AG) – applies at local level the necessary measures for fulfilling the Program and Strategy.
  • the Standing Bureau of the organization (Romanian: Biroul Permanent – BP) – leads the organization between two General Assemblies.

Symbol Edit

Romanian law requires all parties to present a permanent sign and a permanent electoral sign. The former is used to identify the party's buildings and press releases, and the latter to identify the party's electoral materials and the candidates on the elections ballot. Usually they differ slightly.

The main element of the party is a blue arrow pointing to the upper right corner of a yellow square, and the letters P, N, and L in blue, tilted to the right. The position of the PNL with respect to the arrow depends on the type of symbol, as shown below.

  •  

    Current and official PNL logo as well as electoral sign (in use from 2014–present)

  •  

    Alternative official PNL logo with the inverted colours (in use for electoral campaigns from 2018–present)

  •  

    The former electoral sign (used prior to 2014)

  •  

    Former permanent sign (used prior to 2014)

  •  

    The flag of PNL (currently still in use)

Leadership Edit

Florin CîțuLudovic OrbanRaluca TurcanAlina GorghiuKlaus IohannisCrin AntonescuCălin Popescu-TăriceanuTheodor StolojanValeriu StoicaMircea Ionescu QuintusRadu CâmpeanuCommunist RomaniaDinu BrătianuIon DucaVintilă BrătianuIon I. C. BrătianuDimitrie SturdzaDumitru BrătianuIon Brătianu
  Also served as state vice president in the Provisional Council of National Unity (Romanian: Consiliul Provizoriu de Uniune Națională) during the early 1990s[153]
  Also served as ad interim (i.e. acting) President
  Also served as President
  Also served as Prime Minister
  Also served as Senate President[a]
  Also served (and currently serving) as County council President[b]
Nº Name
Born - Died 		Portrait Term start Term end Duration
1 Radu Câmpeanu1
(1922–2016) 		  15 January 1990 28 February 1993 3 years, 1 month and 13 days
2 Mircea Ionescu-Quintus2
(1917–2017) 		  28 February 1993 18 February 2001 7 years, 11 months and 21 days
3 Valeriu Stoica
(1953– 		  18 February 2001 24 August 2002 1 year, 6 months and 6 days
4 Theodor Stolojan
(1943– 		  24 August 2002 2 October 2004 2 years, 1 month and 8 days
5 Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu3
(1952– 		  2 October 2004 20 March 2009 4 years, 5 months and 18 days
6 Crin Antonescu4
(1959– 		  20 March 2009 2 June 2014 5 years, 2 months and 13 days
7 Klaus Iohannis
(1959– 		  28 June 2014 18 December 2014 6 months and 16 days
8 Vasile Blaga5
(1956– 		  18 December 2014 28 September 2016 1 year, 9 months and 10 days
Alina Gorghiu6
(1978– 		  18 December 2014 12 December 2016 1 year, 11 months and 24 days
— Raluca Turcan
(acting)
(1976– 		  13 December 2016 17 June 2017 6 months and 4 days
9 Ludovic Orban7
(1963– 		  17 June 2017 25 September 2021 4 years, 3 months and 8 days
10 Florin Cîțu8
(1972– 		  25 September 2021 2 April 2022 6 months and 8 days
— Gheorghe Flutur
(acting)
(1960– 		  2 April 2022 10 April 2022 8 days
11 Nicolae Ciucă9
(1967– 		  10 April 2022 Incumbent 1 year, 5 months and 20 days

Notes:

1 Câmpeanu had also subsequently served as Honorary Founding President of the party until his death.
2 Ionescu-Quintus had also subsequently served as Honorary President of the party, after the death of Câmpeanu in 2016.
3 Popescu-Tăriceanu had also subsequently served as Senate President between 2014 and 2019, firstly as independent (shortly after he left the PNL with a group of followers), then on behalf of the Liberal Reformist Party (PLR), and finally from the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (ALDE), both political parties being PNL splinters (either in their entirety or in part).
4 Antonescu had also served as Senate President between 2012 and 2014.
5 Co-president along with Alina Gorghiu until 28 September 2016 when he resigned from this position.
6 Co-president along with Vasile Blaga until 28 September 2016. Afterwards, sole party leader until the end of her term.
Additionally, she had served as acting/ad interim Senate President from 29 June 2022 to 13 June 2023.
7 Orban had also served as Chamber President between December 2020 and October 2021, until he resigned.
8 Cîțu had also served as Senate President between 23 November 2021 and 29 June 2022, until he resigned.
9 Ciucă is the first military leader of the party in the entire history of the PNL. Additionally, he has been serving as President of the Senate since 13 June 2023.

Presidency span (1990–present) Edit

Nicolae CiucăGheorghe FluturFlorin CîțuLudovic OrbanRaluca TurcanAlina GorghiuVasile BlagaKlaus IohannisCrin AntonescuCălin Popescu-TăriceanuTheodor StolojanValeriu StoicaMircea Ionescu-QuintusRadu Câmpeanu

Notable members Edit

Current notable members Edit

Former notable members Edit

Electoral history Edit

Legislative elections Edit

Election Chamber Senate Position Aftermath
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
1990 879,290 6.41
29 / 395
 985,094 7.06
10 / 119
  3rd  Opposition to FSN government (1990–1991)
FSN-PNL-MER-PDAR government (1991–1992)
1992 284,678 2.62
0 / 341
 290,866 2.66
0 / 143
  9th  Extra-parliamentary opposition to PDSR-PUNR-PRM-PSM government (1992–1996)
1996 3,692,321 30.17
28 / 343
 3,772,084 30.70
22 / 143
  1st 
(within CDR)1		 CDR-USD-UDMR government (1996–2000)
2000 747,263 6.89
30 / 345
 814,381 7.48
13 / 140
  4th  Opposition to PDSR minority government (2000–2004)
2004 3,191,546 31.33
64 / 332
 3,250,663 31.77
28 / 137
  2nd 
(within DA)2		 DA-PUR-UDMR government (2004–2007)
PNL-UDMR minority government (2007–2008)[c]
2008 1,279,063 18.60
65 / 334
 1,291,029 18.74
28 / 137
  3rd  Opposition to PDL-PSD government (2008–2009)
Opposition to PDL-UNPR-UDMR government (2009–2012)
USL government (2012)
2012 4,344,288 58.63
100 / 412
 4,457,526 60.10
50 / 176
  1st 
(within USL)3		 USL government (2012–2014)
Opposition to PSD-UNPR-UDMR-PC government (2014)
Opposition to PSD-UNPR-ALDE government (2014–2015)
Endorsing the technocratic Cioloș Cabinet (2015–2017)
2016 1,412,377 20.04
69 / 329
 1,440,193 20.42
30 / 136
  2nd  Opposition to PSD-ALDE government (2017–2019)
Opposition to PSD minority government (2019)
PNL minority government (2019–2020)
2020 1,486,401 25.19
93 / 330
 1,511,225 25.58
41 / 136
  2nd  PNL-USR PLUS-UDMR government (2020–2021)
PNL-UDMR minority government (2021)
CNR government (2021–present)
2024 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD

Notes:

1 The members of the CDR were the PNȚCD (with 25 senators and 81 deputies), the PNL, the PNL-CD (with 1 senator and 4 deputies), the PAR (with 3 senators and 3 deputies), the PER (with 1 senator and 5 deputies), and the Ecologist Federation of Romania (FER - with 1 senator and 1 deputy).
2 The members of the Justice and Truth Alliance (DA) alliance were the PNL and the PD (with 21 senators and 48 deputies).
3 The Social Liberal Union (USL) was a larger political alliance comprising two other smaller political alliances as follows: the Centre Left Alliance (ACS) and the Centre Right Alliance (ACD). The Centre Left Alliance (ACS) members were the PSD and the UNPR (with 5 senators and 10 deputies). The members of the Centre Right Alliance (ACD) were the PNL (with 51 senators and 101 deputies) and the PC (with 8 senators and 13 deputies). Furthermore, de facto, the PNL became the 2nd largest political party in the Romanian Parliament in the wake of the 2012 Romanian legislative election.

Local elections Edit

National results Edit

Election County Councilors (CJ) Mayors Local Councilors (CL) Popular vote % Position
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
2008 1,521,191 18.20
297 / 1,393
 1,721,834 19.50
706 / 3,179
 1,576,214 19.80
8,529 / 40,297
 1,537,840 18.08  3rd 
2012 4,203,007 49.68
723 / 1,338
 2,782,792 33.99
1,292 / 3,121
 2,630,123 32.74
12,668 / 39,121
 — —  1st 
(as USL)
2016 2,529,986 30.64
504 / 1,434
 2,686,099 31.50
1,081 / 3,186
 2,478,549 29.60
13,198 / 40,067
 2,529,986 30.64  2nd 
2020 2,212,904 30.76
474 / 1,340
 2,578,820 34.58
1,232 / 3,176
 2,420,413 32.88
14,182 / 39,900
 2,334,039 29.78  1st 
2024 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
Election County Presidents (PCJ) Position
Votes % Seats
2000 596,017 6.96
1 / 41
  4th 
2004 1,445,674 15.99
6 / 41
  2nd 
2008 1,537,840 18.08
5 / 41
  3rd 
2012 4,260,709 49.71
15 / 41
  1st 
(as USL)
2016 2,529,986 30.64
8 / 41
  2nd 
2020 2,261,157 31.07
17 / 41
  2nd 
2024 TBD TBD TBD TBD

Mayor of Bucharest Edit

Election Candidate First round Second round
Votes Percentage Position Votes Percentage Position
1992 Crin Halaicu — — — —
55.88%
  1st 
1996 Victor Ciorbea1 —
39.61%
  1st  —
56.74%
  1st 
2000 George Pădure 45,861
7.24%
  4th  not qualified
2004 Traian Băsescu2 417,153
54.94%
  1st  —
2008 Ludovic Orban 64,636
11.85%
  4th  not qualified
2012 Sorin Oprescu3 430,512
53.79%
  1st 
2016 Cătălin Predoiu 64,186
11.18%
  3rd 
2020 Nicușor Dan4 282,631
42.81%
  1st 
2024 TBA TBD TBD TBD
Notes

1 PNȚCD candidate (endorsed by PNL as part of CDR)

2 PD candidate (endorsed by PNL as part of DA)

3 Independent candidate endorsed by USL

4 Independent candidate endorsed by PNL and USR PLUS

County Council Edit

Election County % Councilors +/- Aftermath
2020 Alba 51.04
19 / 32
   PNL majority
2020 Arad 48.11
17 / 32
   1 PNL majority
2020 Argeș 28.32
11 / 34
   3 Opposition
2020 Bacău 27.00
8 / 36
   3 Opposition
2020 Bihor 56.86
22 / 34
   5 PNL majority
2020 Bistrița-Năsăud 33.36
12 / 30
   3 Opposition
2020 Botoșani 34.15
12 / 32
   3 Opposition
2020 Brăila 26.53
10 / 32
   2 Opposition
2020 Brașov 36.97
16 / 34
   PNL–USR PLUS
2020 Bucharest 19.31
12 / 55
   5 USR PLUS–PNL
2020 Buzău 18.79
7 / 32
   2 Opposition
2020 Călărași 37.26
9 / 30
   8 Opposition
2020 Caraș-Severin 44.90
16 / 34
   3 Opposition
2020 Cluj 46.54
19 / 36
   1 PNL majority
2020 Constanța
15 / 36
 5 PNL–USR PLUS
2020 Covasna
3 / 31
 0
2020 Dâmbovița
13 / 34
 0
2020 Dolj
13 / 36
 0
2020 Galați
12 / 34
 0
2020 Giurgiu
18 / 30
 0 PNL majority
2020 Gorj
11 / 32
 0
2020 Harghita
2 / 30
 0
2020 Hunedoara
6 / 32
 2
2020 Ialomița 29.0
10 / 31
   PSD–PNL
2020 Iași
17 / 36
 6
2020 Ilfov 50.0
16 / 32
 5 PNL majority
2020 Maramureș
13 / 34
 3 PNL–USR PLUS
2020 Mehedinți
11 / 30
 0
2020 Mureș
9 / 34
 0
2020 Neamț
11 / 34
 4
2020 Olt
11 / 32
 0
2020 Prahova
8 / 36
 8 PNL–USR PLUS
2020 Sălaj
11 / 30
 2
2020 Satu Mare
10 / 32
 0
2020 Sibiu
18 / 31
 4 PNL majority
2020 Suceava 50.0
18 / 36
   3 PNL majority
2020 Teleorman
17 / 32
 0 PNL majority
2020 Timiș
16 / 36
 10 PNL majority
2020 Tulcea
13 / 30
 0
2020 Vâlcea
13 / 32
 0
2020 Vaslui
12 / 34
 3
2020 Vrancea
15 / 32
 5

Presidential elections Edit

Election Candidate First round Second round
Votes Percentage Position Votes Percentage Position
1990 Radu Câmpeanu 1,529,188
10.6%
  2nd  –
1992 Emil Constantinescu1 3,717,006
31.1%
  2nd  4,641,207
38.6%
  2nd 
1996 Emil Constantinescu1 3,569,941
28.2%
  2nd  7,057,906
54.4%
  1st 
2000 Theodor Stolojan 1,321,420
11.8%
  3rd  not qualified
2004 Traian Băsescu2 3,545,236
33.9%
  2nd  5,126,794
51.2%
  1st 
2009 Crin Antonescu 1,945,831
20.0%
  3rd  not qualified
2014 Klaus Iohannis3 2,881,406
30.3%
  2nd  6,288,769
54.4%
  1st 
2019 Klaus Iohannis 3,485,292
37.8%
  1st  6,509,135
66.1%
  1st 
2024 TBA TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD

Notes:

1 Emil Constantinescu was the common centre-right candidate that was endorsed by the PNL in both 1992 and 1996 as part of the larger Romanian Democratic Convention (CDR).
2 Traian Băsescu was the common centre-right candidate that was endorsed by the PNL in 2004 as part of the Justice and Truth Alliance (DA) alongside the now defunct Democratic Party (PD).
3 Although Klaus Iohannis was a member of the PNL, he was the common centre-right candidate that was endorsed by the party in 2014 as part of the Christian Liberal Alliance (ACL) alongside the now longtime defunct Democratic Liberal Party (PDL).

European Parliament elections Edit

Election Votes Percentage MEPs Position EU Party EP Group
Jan. 2007 — 20.0%  
7 / 35
  		 2nd    ALDE ALDE Group1
Nov. 2007 688,859   13.4%  
6 / 35
  		 3rd    ALDE ALDE Group
2009 702,974   14.5%  
5 / 33
  		 3rd    ALDE ALDE Group
2014 835,531   15.0%  
6 / 32
  		 2nd    ALDE2 EPP Group
2019 2,449,068   27.0%  
10 / 32
  		 1st    EPP EPP Group
2024 TBD TBD TBD TBD EPP EPP Group

Notes:

1 During the 2004–09 EU parliament session, the Parliament of Romania sent 7 delegates on behalf of the PNL to Brussels, Belgium.
2 Subsequently, sought permission to adhere to the European People's Party (EPP) as well as to its affiliated EU Parliament group and had been successfully accepted within it as a full member in the meantime.

See also Edit

Notes Edit

  1. ^ Vasile Blaga served as Senate President when he was still in the Democratic Liberal Party (PDL), closely to the end of his term also its leader/president. In the particular case of Alina Gorghiu, she has just been serving as acting/ad interim Senate President since 29 June onwards.
  2. ^ More specifically of Suceava County in Bukovina, northeastern Romania
  3. ^ With Social Democratic Party (PSD) endorsement/confidence and supply

References Edit

  1. ^ Iván Zoltán Dénes (2006). Liberty and the Search for Identity: Liberal Nationalisms and the Legacy of Empires. Central European University Press. p. 383. ISBN 978-963-7326-44-8.
  2. ^ . PNL (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 15 December 2014.
  3. ^ The Brătianu PNL faction was unlawfully dissolved in 1947 by the then communist authorities.
  4. ^ The Tătărescu/Bejan PNL faction was unlawfully dissolved in 1950 by the then communist authorities.
  5. ^ Bogdan Constantinescu (14 March 2023). "Rascoala in PNL, se cere capul lui Bogdan Aurescu. Florin Roman: "Cine nu respecta romanii din Diaspora, nu are ce cauta cocotat intr-un scaun ministerial la externe. Indiferent cat de arogant este"". Aktual24.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  6. ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2020). "Romania". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  7. ^ a b Caroline Close (2019). "The liberal family ideology: Distinct, but diverse". In Emilie van Haute; Caroline Close (eds.). Liberal Parties in Europe. Taylor & Francis. p. 344. ISBN 978-1-351-24549-4.
  8. ^ https://www.capital.ro/nicolae-ciuca-cere-pnl-sa-sustina-patriotismul-economic-si-sa-intareasca-clasa-de-mijloc-in-romania.html
  9. ^ https://adevarul.ro/politica/patriotismul-economic-elementul-comun-din-2251456.html
  10. ^ https://tomisnews.ro/ciuca-lanseaza-un-nou-curent-de-gandire-in-pnl-patriotismul-economic-video/
  11. ^ "Un nou război între PNL şi USR-PLUS, de data aceasta pe tema LGBT: "În frunte cu Cioloş, au votat raportul Matic. Şocant!"".
  12. ^ "Războiul cultural Est-Vest: De care parte se află PNL? – DW – 06.07.2021". Deutsche Welle.
  13. ^ "Legea parteneriatului civil a fost respinsă. Deputat PNL: Relațiile homosexuale au dus la declinul Imperiului Roman".
  14. ^ "Puiu Hasotti (PNL) despre reglementarea parteneriatului civil intre persoane de acelasi sex: Homosexualii sunt doar niste oameni bolnavi. Homosexualitatea nu este o stare fireasca".
  15. ^ "În România fascismul intră pe sub ușă? – DW – 03.08.2021". Deutsche Welle.
  16. ^ "PNL și Klaus Iohannis luptă împotriva homosexualilor". 5 October 2016.
  17. ^ [11][12][13][14][15][16]
  18. ^ Lavinia Stan; Rodica Zaharia (2012). "Romania". In Donnacha Ó Beacháin; Vera Sheridan; Sabina Stan (eds.). Life in Post-communist Eastern Europe After EU Membership: Happy Ever After?. Routledge. p. 188. ISBN 978-0-415-68084-4.
  19. ^ "Graft-tainted Romanian left eyes election comeback". EURACTIV. 9 December 2016. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
  20. ^ "Romania country profile". BBC News. 10 July 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  21. ^ Barberá, Marcel (28 September 2020). "Centre-right Parties Trounce Social Democrats in Romanian local elections". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 27 September 2023. In a dismal day for the Social Democrats, the ruling centre-right PNL [...]
  22. ^ "Romanian MPs approve coalition that will see rotating prime ministers". Euronews. 25 November 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  23. ^ "Romania's PM resigns after opposition party wins more votes in election". Irish Examiner. 7 December 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  24. ^ "The next Romanian government's weak mandate for fighting corruption". The Economist. Bucharest. 12 December 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  25. ^ Youngs, Richard (2021). Rebuilding European Democracy Resistance and Renewal in an Illiberal Age. United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 104. ISBN 9780755639731.
  26. ^ [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]
  27. ^ PNL-CD, PNL-AT, and PL '93 were the PNL splinter groups which were still part of the CDR after Câmpeanu's withdrawal of the main PNL from the convention in 1992. Other minor liberal parties such as PAC and UFD (which would later merge in the PNL) were part of the CDR during the late 1990s as well.
  28. ^ "Înțelegere politică pentru noul partid de dreapta. PNL și PDL vor cânta de acum "Verde-nrourat"". Digi24 (in Romanian). 19 August 2014.
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Further reading Edit

  • ;
  • Câmpeanu, Radu, Cu gândul la țară, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), 1995;
  • Cliveti, Gheorghe, Liberalismul românesc. Eseu istoriografic, Editura Fundației "AXIS", Iași, 1996;
  • Istoricul PNL de la 1848 până astăzi, București, 1923;
  • Rădulescu – Zoner, Șerban (coord.), Cliveti, Gheorghe, Stan, Apostol, Onişoru, Gheorghe, Șandru, Dumitru, Istoria Partidului Național Liberal, Editura All, București, 2000;
  • Stan, Apostol, Iosa, Mircea, Liberalismul politic în România. De la origini până la 1918, Editura Enciclopedică, București, 1996;
  • Naumescu, Valentin, Despre liberalism în România. Realităţi, dileme, perspective, EFES, Cluj-Napoca, 2001;
  • Șomlea, Vasile-Florin, Mișcarea liberală din România post'1989, Editura Ecumenica Press, Cluj-Napoca, 2006.

External links Edit

  • Official website (in Romanian)

October 02, 2023
national, liberal, party, romania, this, article, about, modern, political, party, historical, party, national, liberal, party, romania, 1875, national, liberal, party, romanian, partidul, național, liberal, liberal, conservative, political, party, romania, se. This article is about the modern political party For the historical party see National Liberal Party Romania 1875 The National Liberal Party Romanian Partidul Național Liberal PNL is a liberal conservative political party in Romania and the second largest overall political party in the country as of mid 2023 Re founded in mid January 1990 shortly after the Revolution of 1989 which culminated in the fall of communism in Romania it claims the legacy of the major political party of the same name active between 1875 and 1947 in the Kingdom of Romania Romanian Regatul Romaniei Based on this historical legacy it often presents itself as the first formally constituted political party in the country and the oldest party from the family of European liberal parties as well 34 National Liberal Party Partidul Național LiberalAbbreviationPNLPresidentNicolae CiucăSecretary GeneralLucian BodeSpokesmanIonuț Marian StroeFirst Vice PresidentsRareș BogdanLucian BodeDan MotreanuGheorghe FluturIulian DumitrescuLeader in the SenateCătălin Daniel FenechiuLeader in the Chamber of DeputiesFlorin RomanLeader in the European ParliamentRareș BogdanFounded15 January 1990 re established after the Romanian Revolution 1 2 Preceded byNational Liberal Party 1875 1947 1950 3 4 HeadquartersModrogan nr 1 Sector 1 BucharestStudent wingLiberal Student Clubs CSL Youth wingNational Liberal Youth TNL Women s wingLiberal Women National Organisation ONFL Membership 2023 c 182 000 5 IdeologyLiberal conservatism 6 Conservative liberalism 7 Economic patriotism 8 9 10 Social conservatism 17 Political positionCentre right 26 National affiliationRomanian Democratic Convention 1991 1992 1993 1999 27 Justice and Truth Alliance 2003 2007 Centre Right Alliance 2011 2013 Social Liberal Union 2011 2014 Christian Liberal Alliance 2014 National Coalition for Romania 2021 present European affiliationEuropean People s Party EPP b International affiliationCentrist Democrat International CDI European Parliament groupEuropean People s Party EPP Colours Yellow BlueSloganPrin noi inșine Through Ourselves Anthem Verde nrourat 28 Dewy Green Senate37 136 29 Chamber of Deputies82 330 30 European Parliament10 33 31 Mayors1 248 3 176 32 County Presidents17 41 32 County Councilors489 1 340 32 Local Council Councilors15 043 39 900 32 Ministers9 18 a Party flagWebsitepnl wbr roPolitics of RomaniaPolitical partiesElectionsa a Deputy Prime Minister 33 b Previously a member of the Alliance for Europe of the Nations until 2006 and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party for the period 2007 2014 Contents 1 Recent historical overview 2 History 2 1 Re foundation and first governing experiences after the 1989 Romanian Revolution 1990 2000 2 2 Opposition and second governing experiences 2000 2010 2 3 Transition from USL to ACL and third governing experiences 2010 2020 2 4 Brief alliance with USR PLUS and fourth governing experiences 2020 present 2 4 1 Major involvement in the 2021 Romanian political crisis 2 4 1 1 Cițu s leadership September 2021 April 2022 2 4 1 2 Ciucă s leadership April 2022 present 3 Scissions and mergers 3 1 Parties seceded from PNL 3 2 Parties absorbed by PNL 4 Ideology 5 Structure 5 1 Congress 5 2 Permanent Delegation 5 3 National Political Bureau 5 4 National Council 5 5 President 5 6 Secretary General 5 7 Other national structures 5 8 Local leading structures 6 Symbol 7 Leadership 7 1 Presidency span 1990 present 8 Notable members 8 1 Current notable members 8 2 Former notable members 9 Electoral history 9 1 Legislative elections 9 2 Local elections 9 2 1 National results 9 2 2 Mayor of Bucharest 9 3 County Council 9 4 Presidential elections 9 5 European Parliament elections 10 See also 11 Notes 12 References 13 Further reading 14 External linksRecent historical overview EditUntil 2014 the PNL was a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe ALDE 35 The party statutes adopted in June 2014 dropped any reference to international affiliation consequently most of its MEPs joined the European People s Party Group EPP in the European Parliament On 12 September 2014 it was admitted as a full member of the European People s Party EPP 36 and subsequently merged with the Democratic Liberal Party PDL The party was also a member of the Liberal International LI 37 before switching to Centrist Democrat International CDI 38 Currently it is the second largest party in the Romanian Parliament with 82 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 37 in the Senate behind the Social Democratic Party PSD Additionally the party currently has the largest number of MEPs in the European Parliament on behalf of Romania more specifically 10 out of 33 At local political level the PNL has been very closely associated with either the Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania FDGR DFDR more specifically in parts of Banat and Transylvania or formerly with the Christian Democratic National Peasants Party PNȚCD in southern Romania 39 After it won the 2020 local elections the PNL became the first political party in Transylvania Banat and Bukovina establishing new political alliances at national level with most notably USR PLUS shortly thereafter Moreover as of mid 2023 the PNL also holds the largest amount of incumbent county councillors and local councillors nationwide making it in these regards the most influential political party in Romania at local level Nonetheless concerning the total amount of mayors the PNL comes second behind the PSD During late 2021 the PNL broke the alliance with USR PLUS now simply legally known as USR and continued under former party president Cițu a minority government alongside the Hungarian minority oriented UDMR RMDSZ with the support of President Klaus Iohannis consequently causing the three month long 2021 Romanian political crisis until successfully negotiating with their historical nominal adversaries PSD in early November 2021 a grand coalition government between themselves and the UDMR RMDSZ known as the National Coalition for Romania or CNR for short thereby leading to the formation of the incumbent Ciucă cabinet led by Prime Minister Nicolae Ciucă current leader of the PNL since April 2022 onwards In mid June 2023 Ciucă resigned as part of the coalition protocol previously agreed between the PNL and PSD and let Marcel Ciolacu current PSD leader become the incumbent Prime Minister of Romania In the meantime the UDMR RMDSZ was also taken out of government and thereby rejected from the composition of the current Ciolacu Cabinet in which PNL is still the second party Furthermore the share of governmental power between the PSD and PNL is even between the two constituent political parties of the incumbent Ciolacu Cabinet or the second CNR cabinet History EditRe foundation and first governing experiences after the 1989 Romanian Revolution 1990 2000 Edit Main articles National Liberal Party Romania 1875 Liberalism and radicalism in Romania and Romanian Revolution nbsp Flowchart showcasing the liberal political groups which seceded from and were subsequently integrated within the National Liberal Party during the 1990s all with the exception of PNL C The National Liberal Party of Romania PNL was re founded in January 1990 a few days after the end of the violent Romanian Revolution During the early 1990s the party primarily revolved around the presidencies of Radu Campeanu and Mircea Ionescu Quintus both former members of the historical PNL and liberal youth leaders during the interwar period as well as during and shortly after World War II At the 1990 general elections the PNL became the third largest party in the Parliament of Romania and its then re founding leader Radu Campeanu finished second in the same year s presidential elections with 10 6 of the cast votes behind Ion Iliescu In December 1990 the Socialist Liberal Party PSL led by Niculae Cerveni established an alliance with the PNL and the latter became vice president of the PNL led by Campeanu at that time 40 Shortly afterwards at the main request and most notably alongside the Christian Democratic National Peasants Party PNȚCD but to a lesser extent also with other smaller center right parties and NGOs the PNL managed to form the Romanian Democratic Convention CDR in an effort to assemble a stronger collective opposition and alternative governing body to then ruling National Salvation Front FSN which was in many ways the heir of the Romanian Communist Party PCR However prior to the 1992 general elections Campeanu decided to withdraw the party from the CDR electoral alliance and instead compete as a stand alone political force One of the main reasons for doing so was Campeanu s reluctance for the PNL to run on common lists with the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania UDMR RMDSZ nbsp Central headquarters of the PNL located on Modrogan Alley Bucharest September 2014 This had ultimately proven to be an eventual major strategic error for the PNL as the party did not manage to surpass the needed electoral threshold for parliamentary presence and as such was forced to enter extra parliamentary opposition for the period 1992 1996 Furthermore this political decision also resulted in several splinter factions leaving the main party with some PNL deflecting groups opting to remain within the CDR while others still endorsing Campeanu s side in a new party which was called PNL C Romanian Partidul Național Liberal Campeanu Therefore the factions which deflected from the main PNL and aligned themselves with the CDR were PNL CD led by Niculae Cerveni PNL AT and PL 93 Other minor liberal political parties such as PAC and UFD which later merged into the main PNL were also part of the CDR throughout the late 1990s Nevertheless after a change of leadership that saw Ionescu Quintus as the new party leader elected in 1995 the PNL contested the 1996 general election once again as part of the CDR 41 The 1996 general elections represented the first peaceful transition of power in post 1989 Romania with the PNL PNȚCD Democratic Party PD and the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania UDMR RMDSZ forming a grand coalition that pushed the PDSR formerly the FSN and FDSN in opposition for the period 1996 2000 Furthermore the presidency was also won by the CDR s common candidate more specifically Emil Constantinescu who received endorsement on behalf of all of the alliance s constituent parties including the PNL political groups therein Opposition and second governing experiences 2000 2010 Edit Between 1996 and 2000 because of the lack of political coherence within the parties of the governing CDR coalition and the multiple changes of cabinets that followed throughout this entire period of time the PNL decided once more to withdraw from the alliance just before the 2000 general election and consequently to compete alone instead This time the party managed to gain parliamentary presence but failed to form another centre right government finishing fourth in the legislative elections and third in the presidential election However a splinter group founded by Dan Amedeo Lăzărescu and led by Decebal Traian Remeș which was called PNL T Romanian PNL Tradițional decided to remain within CDR 2000 and contest that year s general election by endorsing Mugur Isărescu as presidential candidate Therefore during the mid 2000s more specifically starting in 2003 the PNL joined forces with the PD in order to form the Justice and Truth Alliance DA 41 so as to compete in the 2004 general election as an alternative to the then ruling PSD formerly PDSR government The alliance managed to finish second by popular vote in the Parliament subsequently form a centre right cabinet and also win the presidency during the same year Until April 2007 the PNL was the largest member of the governing Justice and Truth Alliance DA which enjoyed a parliamentary majority due to an alliance between the PNL PD the Conservative Party PC and the UDMR RMDSZ 42 In April 2007 then PNL Prime Minister Călin Popescu Tăriceanu who was also the party president formed a minority government solely with the UDMR RMDSZ and the remainder PD ministers were reshuffled This caused internal opposition within the party and led to the scission of a splinter group which turned into a political party under Theodor Stolojan more specifically the Liberal Democratic Party PLD eventually merging with the PD to form the Democratic Liberal Party PDL After the 2008 legislative election the party placed third and entered official opposition winning 19 74 seats in the Parliament while the new grand coalition formed by their former enlarged ally the Democrat Liberals PDL and the Social Democratic Party PSD obtained roughly 70 together At the 2009 presidential election the National Liberal Party s then newly elected leader Crin Antonescu finished third in the first round and the party would still find itself in parliamentary opposition for the three next years to come up until the accession of the Social Liberal Union USL to governance in mid 2012 At the same time Klaus Iohannis at that time solely FDGR DFDR president was nominated twice by the PNL along with their most sturdy and powerful allies the PSD and the PC in 2009 but was rejected by then state president Traian Băsescu 43 44 Transition from USL to ACL and third governing experiences 2010 2020 Edit On 5 February 2011 the PNL formed the Social Liberal Union USL political alliance with the PSD the National Union for the Progress of Romania UNPR and the Conservative Party PC 45 46 The PNL subsequently exited the USL on 25 February 2014 disbanding the alliance and returning to opposition 47 On 26 May 2014 following the 2014 European elections then PNL party president Crin Antonescu announced he was seeking membership within the European People s Party EPP 48 49 At the beginning of the 8th European Parliament 5 of the PNL MEPs sat with the EPP Group and 1 with the ALDE Group 50 who later became an independent MEP within ALDE In late May 2014 the party agreed to a future merger with the Democratic Liberal Party PDL with the two parties main short time goal being to submit a joint candidate for the upcoming presidential election 51 The PNL PDL presidential candidate was agreed to run under an electoral banner called the Christian Liberal Alliance ACL 52 53 On 27 June 2014 former PNL chairman Călin Popescu Tăriceanu announced his intention to found a separate liberal party to run for president stating opposition to the upcoming merger with the PDL 54 The breakaway party called the Liberal Reformist Party PLR was founded by Popescu Tăriceanu on 3 July 2014 55 On 17 July 2014 it was announced that the future merger of the PNL and PDL would retain the National Liberal Party name while being situated in the PDL s existing headquarters in Bucharest and would be legally registered by the end of 2014 56 On 26 July 2014 a joint party congress of the PNL and PDL approved the merger 57 In the first round of the 2014 presidential election on 2 November 2014 ACL presidential candidate Klaus Iohannis PNL party president and Mayor of Sibiu was the runner up 58 Iohannis won the runoff election held on 16 November 2014 with 54 5 of the total number of votes 59 60 At the 2016 local elections and legislative elections the PNL managed to finish second behind the PSD and consequently in continuous opposition until 2019 when it regained executive power Regarding the 2019 presidential election the party previously announced its formal endorsement for a second term of incumbent state president Klaus Iohannis in March 2018 along with an official designation of Ludovic Orban former party president for the position of Prime Minister should the PNL win the 2020 legislative elections 61 62 In June 2018 at an open air press conference in his native Sibiu Iohannis publicly announced his intention to run for a second presidential term 63 The year 2019 saw two minor parties adhering to the PNL namely the PND led by Daniel Fenechiu and PACT led by Sebastian Burduja thereby increasing its total number of members In late 2019 the National Liberal Party acceded to governance under a minority stand alone government led by Orban which was voted twice by the Parliament under most notably a confidence and supply agreement with USR and PMP as well as most ethnic minority parties including most importantly the FDGR DFDR At national level the greatest two challenges that the Orban cabinet tried to monitor control and solve were the COVID 19 pandemic as well as its affiliated recession Brief alliance with USR PLUS and fourth governing experiences 2020 present Edit nbsp Electoral banner of the PNL bottom for the 2020 Romanian legislative election displayed in Bucharest November 2020 The Romanian caption translates to We develop Romania Succeeding Together The PNL ran in several electoral alliances with the 2020 USR PLUS Alliance for the 2020 Romanian local elections winning the mayor of Bucharest along with several of the capital s sectors as well as many other municipalities throughout the countryside Shortly thereafter the PNL decided to form local alliances with most notably USR PLUS PMP and FDGR DFDR as well as with two local branches of the PNȚCD and UDMR RMDSZ in Hunedoara County After the 2020 Romanian legislative election the party agreed to form a coalition government alongside USR PLUS and UDMR RMDSZ in order to reportedly provide a stable governance for the next 4 years in Romania Furthermore incumbent party president Ludovic Orban decided to step down as Prime Minister in early December 2020 letting Nicolae Ciucă acting until the new coalition received the confidence vote in the Parliament after the 2020 legislative elections concluded with concrete positive results on behalf of a future center right government Subsequently the newly proposed Prime Minister on behalf of the PNL was Florin Cițu who previously served as the Minister of Public Finance in both Orban cabinets between 2019 and 2020 Therefore Cițu took office on 23 December 2020 after an overwhelming confidence vote in the Parliament 260 for in counterpart to 186 against 64 In the meantime it has been announced that a new party congress will take place on 25 September 2021 with 5 000 delegates 65 At the forthcoming congress incumbent party president Ludovic Orban will face incumbent Prime Minister Florin Cițu for the leadership of the party during the upcoming years although it has been rumoured that Dan Motreanu former Minister for Agriculture in the First Tăriceanu Cabinet between 2006 and 2007 would also announce his candidacy at a later point during 2021 but the latter eventually declined it 66 Furthermore this new congress will also determine the leadership of PNL at each and every level within the party nationwide Nonetheless up until the date of the congress Orban will still remain party president At the same time the struggle for power within the PNL between Cițu and Orban each one along with their respective teams of supporters considerably bogged down the pace of reforms applied by the government Major involvement in the 2021 Romanian political crisis Edit Main article 2021 Romanian political crisis During early September 2021 several weeks prior to the new congress of the party USR PLUS decided to exit the Cițu Cabinet in protest to Cițu s dismissal of the Minister of Justice the initial coalition consisting of three centre right parties was thereby disbanded and reduced to two with the USR PLUS officially entering opposition and even publicly declaring that they will endorse any motion of no confidence against Cițu in the future deeming him responsible for creating a major governmental crisis in the process Moreover according to USR PLUS Cițu is also responsible for legalizing massive theft from public procurement money with the approval of PNDL 3 overtaking in this regard even convicted former PSD leader Liviu Dragnea in the prospect of bribing PNL mayors referred to as local barons in a press report by USR PLUS to side with him for the then upcoming party congress which was held on 25 September 2021 67 68 In response Cițu stated only this three party coalition is feasible for Romania It s that political setup that can handle European Union s recovery plan our local development and make use of EU money after an emergency meeting of the party He also stated that this is my message for the coalition talks later today we have all promised Romania s investments 69 Additionally in response to sacking the Justice Minister Cițu mentioned in a late night news briefing the following I will not accept ministers in the Romanian government who oppose the modernisation of Romania Blocking the activity of the government only because you do not agree to develop the communities means violating the mandate given to you by the parliament through the governing programme referring to a 50 billion lei 12 billion allegedly local development financing scheme aimed at modernizing decrepit infrastructure in the countryside and the plan which needed the justice ministry s seal of approval 70 Eventually the PNL was helped to maintain a minority cabinet along with the UDMR RMDSZ after they boycotted the no confidence motion initiated by the USR PLUS and AUR with the help of both PSD and UDMR RMDSZ parliamentary groups In the meantime Cițu posted a video portraying himself as Superman on Instagram 71 In response the Romanian internet community made a video in which he was portrayed as the psychopathic supervillain Joker 72 Moreover Ludovic Orban hinted a psychiatric consultation for Cițu in reaction to the Instagram videoclip 73 In addition it was also in 2021 that at local political level the PNL lost other former allies more specifically the PMP who veered towards PSD and PRO Romania establishing new political alliances in some counties most notably Caraș Severin with the two centre left political parties 74 In the meantime former Deputy Prime Minister Dan Barna said that if USR PLUS will remain in opposition it will win the electorate of the right in 2024 75 Additionally Marcel Ciolacu the incumbent president of the Social Democratic Party PSD and thereby the leader of the then largest opposition party stated on 20 September 2021 that PSD will vote for the no confidence motion initiated by the USR PLUS and AUR In the meantime PNL president Ludovic Orban clearly stated that Cițu could only remain Prime Minister with PSD s endorsement which would be a catastrophe for both Romania and the PNL In stark contrast to Orban s statement Iohannis declared that he still endorses Cițu and that he has no reasons whatsoever for resigning or for being ousted Nonetheless in late September 2021 DNA officially started the criminal investigation in Florin Cițu s case on the grounds of abuse of office and incitement to abuse of office as Prime Minister 76 Several noteworthy Romanian journalists such as Cristian Tudor Popescu Lucian Mindruță and Ramona Ursu have also criticized Cițu and his actions as Prime Minister and have described themselves totally revolted with respect to why would he still be left to serve as Prime Minister 77 78 All throughout this period of time the political crisis had severe results in the economy of the country with the euro rising consistently above the leu as reported by the National Bank of Romania BNR in the beginning of the autumn of 2021 79 Furthermore during late September 2021 the USD had also risen consistently above the RON as the political crisis kept on lingering In addition the finance department of Bloomberg also noted the record inflation levels which rose to the highest charting positions in the last three years in Romania in early September 2021 80 As of 12 September 2021 most of the initial PNL USR PLUS local alliances established after the 2020 local elections have been disbanded with the USR PLUS entering official opposition at all local levels towards the PNL The PNL also has a local governing alliance with the PSD in Ialomița Cițu s leadership September 2021 April 2022 Edit On 25 September 2021 at the PNL congress held at Romexpo in Bucharest Florin Cițu was elected the 10th post 1989 president of the PNL with 2 878 votes out of 4 848 total delegates being congratulated most notably by congress organiser Theodor Stolojan amidst significant heavy fraud allegations claimed most importantly by previous PNL president Ludovic Orban and subsequently by Adrian Veștea 81 Nonetheless Orban congratulated Cițu but also said that he no longer has a partnership with Iohannis Furthermore he also stated that he resigns from the office of the President of the Chamber of Deputies The Romanian press had also cited Cițu s triumph as a Pyrrhic victory given the fact that on the one hand PSD announced that they will vote the no confidence motion initiated by USR PLUS and AUR and on the other hand USR PLUS also stated that they will no longer want to govern under Cițu 82 On 26 September 2021 the party s new leadership team under Cițu was voted validated and consequently established as well 83 Shortly after the congress on 27 September former president Ludovic Orban stated that Cițu became persona non grata for a huge number of Romanian citizens and that he doesn t understand he will no longer be PM for too long only with the mercy of PSD 84 In the meantime the PNRR part of the Next Generation EU package and short for Romanian Planul Național de Redresare și Reziliență was signed and adopted in Bucharest on the occasion of Ursula von der Leyen s visit mandated by the European Commission 85 The Romanian PNRR is the 5th Next Generation EU plan adopted by volume of funds and most of the work and successful negations on it were carried out by USR PLUS ministers in particular Cristian Ghinea Most opinion polls conducted throughout 2021 registered a significant drop of trust both in Cițu as PM and in the PNL in the perspective of the next Romanian legislative elections which are most likely going to take place in 2024 In the meantime PSD initiated its own motion of no confidence which is scheduled to be debated on 30 September and voted on 5 October 86 In addition former party president Valeriu Stoica accused the recent political behaviour of PNL in the following manner PNL acts like PSD further stating that the party is operating on a catch all ideology and consistent party switching as well as currently defying and breaching the constitution 87 On 5 October 2021 the Cițu cabinet was ousted by an overwhelming vote on behalf of the PSD AUR and USR parliamentary groups at the no confidence motion debated and voted during that day The no confidence motion was voted by 281 MPs the largest number of votes to dismiss a government in Romania s post 1989 history 88 Nevertheless Cițu still served as acting ad interim Prime Minister until a new government will be validated by vote in the Parliament and then subsequently sworn in i e for at least one week from October 5 until still incumbent President Klaus Iohannis will call for party consultations 89 In the meantime former PNL president Valeriu Stoica heavily criticized Iohannis for allowing mediocre people at the leadership of the party since 2014 onwards 90 He previously also stated that the PNL would demonstrate gross political immaturity if they will still propose Cițu as Prime Minister at subsequent party consultations scheduled to take place at the Cotroceni Palace 91 At the same time he mentioned that Iohannis should have that the political status quo imposed Cițu s resignation avoiding as such the motion of no confidence 92 On 11 October still incumbent President Klaus Iohannis nominated USR leader and former Prime Minister Dacian Cioloș to form a new government 93 Cioloș was subsequently rejected by the parliament and Iohannis appointed previous acting PM Nicolae Ciucă instead on 21 October 2021 94 In late October relatively shortly after his dismissal Cițu s approval rate hit 7 nationwide a negative record for him Given the matter Cițu resorted to buying Facebook likes from countries such as Vietnam the ones from the ex Soviet Union and from the Arab world partly according to an analysis by former Health minister Vlad Voiculescu of Save Romania Union USR 95 96 In early November 2021 journalist Lucian Mindruță heavily criticized Iohannis and PNL for making an alliance with PSD also stating that PSD is the only political party in post 1989 Romania which acceded to governance by walking on corpses a reference to the dreadful demographic effects of the ongoing COVID 19 pandemic in Romania 97 98 In mid early November 2021 several noteworthy political sources hinted a very probable merger of PMP with PNL sometime in the near future although previous PMP president Cristian Diaconescu publicly dismissed this scenario on his Facebook page and even a possible hypothetical absorption of ALDE afterwards paradoxically enough thereby subsequently producing the return of Călin Popescu Tăriceanu in the party he had previously left in 2014 just after the exclusion of Ludovic Orban from the party on 12 November 2021 who stated that he is now free to build a new political force 99 100 At an official level however Cristian Diaconescu later stated that there are indeed negotiations between the delegations of the two parties for a common political project 101 Shortly afterwards incumbent party president Cițu stated in the context of the ongoing negotiations with the PSD that it is a major compromise that PNL does i e to make a government with PSD 102 In stark contrast former PNL president Orban stated that a monster is being built in reference to the subsequent hypothetical longtime alliance between PSD and PNL and that he has the obligation to the people who voted for PNL to represent them as such siding with USR in the process 103 Subsequently Diaconescu totally dismissed the possibility of a hypothetical merger between PMP and PNL during his term as PMP president instead expecting a future invitation to governance even though PMP is currently extra parliamentary 104 On 22 November 2021 Nicolae Ciucă was officially designated PM by Klaus Iohannis being in charge of a grand coalition government known as the National Coalition for Romania CNR for short 105 106 Shortly afterwards on 23 November 2021 former PNL president Ludovic Orban had officially resigned from the party along with 16 others PNL MPs 107 In December 2021 Orban officially founded his party which is called Force of the Right or FD for short In early 2022 incumbent PNL spokesman Ionuț Marian Stroe announced that the PNL has just started negotiations for a very probable near future merger with ALDE but without former ALDE president Călin Popescu Tăriceanu who is no longer even a member of the latter party 108 In addition it was confirmed that PNL is also currently negotiating with PMP for a future merger as well 109 On 2 April 2022 Florin Cițu resigned from the position of PNL president and prior to this decision Dan Vilceanu also announced his resignation as secretary general of the party 110 Gheorghe Flutur president of the Suceava County council became acting ad interim president of the PNL on 2 April 2022 until a new congress was held on 10 April 2022 111 Ciucă s leadership April 2022 present Edit At an extraordinary party congress held on 10 April 2022 Nicolae Ciucă was elected the 11th post 1989 president of the PNL with 1 060 valid votes out of 1 120 total ones 60 were nullified and 159 were abstentions 112 Thus Nicolae Ciucă became the first military leader in the history of the party Additionally Ciucă s primary objective as PNL president was to maintain the cohesion of the CNR grand coalition until the end of his term as Prime Minister which took place in mid June 2023 Afterwards the PNL maintained the CNR grand coalition only with PSD removing UDMR RMDSZ from government but retaining the confidence and supply agreement with the political group of the national minorities in the Parliament thereby still having a solid majority needed for endorsing the incumbent Ciolacu Cabinet In terms of external politics the CNR government led by former Prime Minister Nicolae Ciucă expressed serious concern over the ongoing Russo Ukrainian War Internally the PNL chose their new secretary general on 27 May 2022 when the party s national council re united to vote for this position in front of 1 000 national delegates 113 Under Ciucă s premiership Romania experienced democratic backsliding 114 with The Economist ranking it last in the European Union in the world terms of democracy 115 even behind Viktor Orban s Hungary 116 Scissions and mergers Edit nbsp Diagram showcasing the political evolution of the National Liberal Party PNL from 1990 until 2016 Parties seceded from PNL Edit National Liberal Party Youth Wing 1990 Liberal Union Brătianu 1990 National Liberal Party Democratic Convention 1991 National Liberal Party Campeanu 1995 Liberal Democratic Party 2006 Liberal Reformist Party 2014 Liberal Right Party 2019 Force of the Right 2021 Liberal Conservative Platform 2022 117 Parties absorbed by PNL Edit Socialist Liberal Party 1990 Progressive Peasant Party 1993 New Liberal Party 1993 Liberal Party 93 Liberal Party 1998 Civic Alliance Party 1998 Alliance for Romania 2002 Union of Right wing Forces 2003 National Liberal Party Campeanu 2003 People s Action 2008 Democratic Force 2012 Democratic Liberal Party 2014 118 Popular Party 2015 National Democratic Party 2019 Youth Civic Action Platform 2019 119 Alliance of Liberals and Democrats 2022 120 121 Ideology EditThe party officially adheres to the doctrine of liberalism in the form of conservative liberalism 7 and liberal conservatism 6 advocating both economic and social liberalization 122 The party also takes a pro European stance 123 In recent years it has focused more on economic liberalism and a shift to a more catch all platform The National Liberal Party PNL also advocates for conservative initiatives and policies and the state in moral and religious issues as well as the privatization and denationalization of the economy a trend which is currently when taking place quite rapidly in Romania as in other post communist economies in Central and Eastern Europe Unlike its Western counterparts the party is more nationalist 124 and traditionalist on social issues such as LGBT rights 125 126 127 The party has factions of adherence to Christian democracy national liberalism ethnic nationalism 128 neoliberalism and social conservatism 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 The party has also been described as populist 137 138 139 while former president Florin Cițu rejects this qualification 140 However after joining the European People s Party EPP and especially under Cițu and Ciucă s leadership the party became more conservative 141 142 143 Radio Free Europe calling it liberal only in the name 144 In economic regards it deems significant the fact that taxes must be lowered and that the private sector of the national economy must be expanded and helped by a series of new laws in order to generate more value 145 It also advocates a decentralization of Romania s political structure with greater autonomy given to the eight development regions However under Ciucă s rule the party also shifted more from a liberal oriented economy towards economic patriotism 146 147 148 149 Opposition leader Cătălin Drulă the incumbent president of the Save Romania Union USR accused the party of being statist 150 Structure EditAccording to the statute the leading organs of the party are the following 151 Congress Edit The Congress or The General Assembly of the delegates of the party s members Romanian Congresul Adunarea Generală a delegaţilor membrilor partidului is the supreme authority in the party It leads the party and takes decisions at national level Its members are elected by the local territorial organizations and The National Consillium The Congress meets every four years after the parliamentary elections or at any time needed The Congress is convoked either by the Permanent Delegation see below at the request of the Central Political Bureau or at the request of at least half of the Territorial Permanent Delegations The Congress elects the President of the National Liberal Party the 15 vice presidents of the Central Standing Bureau 7 with specific attributions and 8 responsible for the development regions 23 judges of The Honor and Referee Court Romanian Curtea de Onoare si Arbitraj 7 members of The Central Committee of Censors Romanian Comisia Centrală de Cenzori The last congress took place at Romexpo in Bucharest on 25 September 2021 when the 10th post 1989 president of the party was elected being Florin Cițu Permanent Delegation Edit The Permanent Delegation Romanian Delegaţia Permanentă DP is the structure that leads the party between two Congresses It meets monthly or at any time needed Its members are the following the President of the National Liberal Party the members of the Central Political Bureau the President of the Senate of the party the Secretary General of the National Liberal Party the presidents of the two Chambers of the Parliament if the officeholders are members of the PNL the leaders of the National liberal Party s parliamentary groups the Senators and Deputies the MEPs the Ministers the President of the National Liberal Youth TNL the President of the Liberal Women Organisation OFL the President of the Liberal Student Clubs CSL the President of the League of the Local Elected Officeholders of the National Liberal Party LAL PNL the President of the Coordinating Council of the Municipality of Bucharest the European Commissioner if the officeholder is member of the PNL National Political Bureau Edit This section needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information January 2022 The National Political Bureau Romanian Biroul Politic Național BPN of the National Liberal Party PNL proposes the party s politics and coordinates its application It ensures the party s day to day leadership and it is composed by the following the President of the party the 15 vice presidents 7 with specific charges and 8 responsible for the development regions At the BPC s meetings can assist with consultative vote the president of the Senate of the PNL the Secretary General of the PNL the Presidents of the two Chambers of the Parliament if the officeholders are members of the PNL the leaders of the National liberal Party s parliamentary groups the President of the TNL the President of the OFL the President of the CSL the President of the League of the LAL and the Ministers The BPC meets weekly or at any time needed convoked by the president of the PNL According to Article 70 of the PNL Statute the BPN coordinates and evaluates the objectives of the territorial branches of the parliamentary groups it negotiates political agreements within the limits established by the DP it coordinates the elections campaign proposes sanctions according to the Statute proposes to the DP the political strategy of the party proposes the candidates for the central executive or public offices for certain territorial units proposes to the DP the candidates for the parliamentary elections proposes to the DP the candidates for the European Parliament elections proposes the DP to dissolve or dismiss for exceptional reasons the territorial branch or the branch s president convokes the DP coordinates the activity of the permanent committees of the National Council validates or invalidates the results of the elections for the territorial branches appoints the Secretary Executive the Foreign Secretary and Deputy Secretaries General The BPN is assisted in the organizing activity by the Secretary General of the PNL This office ensures the communication between the central organisms and the territorial branches ensures the management of the party s assets is responsible for the informational system The Secretary General is assisted by the Deputy Secretaries General appointed by the BPC at the suggestion of the Secretary General As of 2018 the National Political Bureau was composed of the following members 152 President Ludovic Orban Secretary General Robert Sighiartău Vice presidents Ilie Bolojan Raluca Turcan Iulian Dumitrescu Mircea Hava Vlad Nistor Laurențiu Leoreanu Ben Oni Ardelean Florin Cițu Dan Motreanu Nechita Adrian Oros Virgil Guran Ioan Bălan Victor Paul Dobre Răducu Filipescu Gigel Știrbu Gheorghe Falcă Lucian Bode Florin Roman Marian Petrache Cristian Bușoi Leader of the PNL Parliamentary Group in the Senate Iulian Dumitrescu Leader of the PNL Parliamentary Group in the Chamber of Deputies Raluca Turcan In normal conditions the term of the BPN members ends during the Party s Congress when the president leaves the presidium of the Congress The president of the Standing Bureau of the Congress is formally the acting president of the party until the new president is elected The last acting president of the National Liberal Party PNL was Mircea Ionescu Quintus on 20 March 2009 when Crin Antonescu succeeded Călin Popescu Tăriceanu National Council Edit The National Council Romanian Consiliul Naţional CN is the debate forum of the National Liberal Party between two Congresses It reunites twice a year or at any time necessary convoked by the president by the BPC or at the request of at least half of its members Its members are DP including the members with consultative vote the Secretaries of State and the equivalent officeholders the Prefects and Deputy Prefects Presidents and vice presidents of the County Councils Mayors and Deputy Mayors of the county capitals of the sectors of Bucharest the General Mayor and General Deputy Mayors of Bucharest the vice presidents and Secretaries General of TNL OFL CSL the Senate of the Party LAL honorary members of the party the President of the structures that deal with specific issues the Presidents of the CN The CN has the following competences acts to fulfill the decisions of the Congress adopts the Governing Program adopts the programs and sectorial politics of the party approves the reports of the specialty committees names the candidate of the National Liberal Party for the Romanian Presidency gives and retracts the quality of honorary member of the party According to Article 65 of the Statute the CN is organized and functions through its permanent specialty committees constituted on social and professional criteria The committees constituted on social criteria promote the interests of the correspondent social category The committees constituted on professional criteria state the sectorial politics and the public politics in major fields to express the options and solutions proposed by the National Liberal Party President Edit The President of the National Liberal Party PNL is the guardian of the political programme of the party of the respect of the statute and the keeper of the unity and prestige of the party Secretary General Edit The Secretary General ensures the communication between the central leading structures and the territorial ones ensures the management of the assets of the party is responsible for the informational system The Secretary General is helped in its activity by Deputy Secretaries General appointed by the BPC upon the suggestion of the Secretary General Other national structures Edit The Senate of the party consulting organism for the president regarding the continuity and development of the liberal traditions and concepts Court of Honor and Arbitration the supreme court of the party Central Committee of Censors checks the management of the party Ethics Commission analyzes the candidates proposed for the legislative elections and for the offices in the Government as well as other central offices National Liberal Youth coordinates the activity specific to the youth structures in the territory League of the Local Elected Officeholders coordinates the activity of the PNL members in the local public administration mayors and deputy mayors local councilors county councilors county council presidents and deputy presidents Liberal Women Organisation coordinates the activity of the territorial women organizations Liberal Student Clubs promotes the liberal ideas and political program of the PNL through the students Local leading structures Edit The local leading structures of the National Liberal Party PNL are the following the General Assembly of the Members Romanian Adunarea Generală a membrilor AG applies at local level the necessary measures for fulfilling the Program and Strategy the Standing Bureau of the organization Romanian Biroul Permanent BP leads the organization between two General Assemblies Symbol EditRomanian law requires all parties to present a permanent sign and a permanent electoral sign The former is used to identify the party s buildings and press releases and the latter to identify the party s electoral materials and the candidates on the elections ballot Usually they differ slightly The main element of the party is a blue arrow pointing to the upper right corner of a yellow square and the letters P N and L in blue tilted to the right The position of the PNL with respect to the arrow depends on the type of symbol as shown below nbsp Current and official PNL logo as well as electoral sign in use from 2014 present nbsp Alternative official PNL logo with the inverted colours in use for electoral campaigns from 2018 present nbsp The former electoral sign used prior to 2014 nbsp Former permanent sign used prior to 2014 nbsp The flag of PNL currently still in use Leadership Edit Also served as state vice president in the Provisional Council of National Unity Romanian Consiliul Provizoriu de Uniune Națională during the early 1990s 153 Also served as ad interim i e acting President Also served as President Also served as Prime Minister Also served as Senate President a Also served and currently serving as County council President b Nº NameBorn Died Portrait Term start Term end Duration1 Radu Campeanu1 1922 2016 nbsp 15 January 1990 28 February 1993 3 years 1 month and 13 days2 Mircea Ionescu Quintus2 1917 2017 nbsp 28 February 1993 18 February 2001 7 years 11 months and 21 days3 Valeriu Stoica 1953 nbsp 18 February 2001 24 August 2002 1 year 6 months and 6 days4 Theodor Stolojan 1943 nbsp 24 August 2002 2 October 2004 2 years 1 month and 8 days5 Călin Popescu Tăriceanu3 1952 nbsp 2 October 2004 20 March 2009 4 years 5 months and 18 days6 Crin Antonescu4 1959 nbsp 20 March 2009 2 June 2014 5 years 2 months and 13 days7 Klaus Iohannis 1959 nbsp 28 June 2014 18 December 2014 6 months and 16 days8 Vasile Blaga5 1956 nbsp 18 December 2014 28 September 2016 1 year 9 months and 10 daysAlina Gorghiu6 1978 nbsp 18 December 2014 12 December 2016 1 year 11 months and 24 days Raluca Turcan acting 1976 nbsp 13 December 2016 17 June 2017 6 months and 4 days9 Ludovic Orban7 1963 nbsp 17 June 2017 25 September 2021 4 years 3 months and 8 days10 Florin Cițu8 1972 nbsp 25 September 2021 2 April 2022 6 months and 8 days Gheorghe Flutur acting 1960 nbsp 2 April 2022 10 April 2022 8 days11 Nicolae Ciucă9 1967 nbsp 10 April 2022 Incumbent 1 year 5 months and 20 daysNotes 1 Campeanu had also subsequently served as Honorary Founding President of the party until his death 2 Ionescu Quintus had also subsequently served as Honorary President of the party after the death of Campeanu in 2016 3 Popescu Tăriceanu had also subsequently served as Senate President between 2014 and 2019 firstly as independent shortly after he left the PNL with a group of followers then on behalf of the Liberal Reformist Party PLR and finally from the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats ALDE both political parties being PNL splinters either in their entirety or in part 4 Antonescu had also served as Senate President between 2012 and 2014 5 Co president along with Alina Gorghiu until 28 September 2016 when he resigned from this position 6 Co president along with Vasile Blaga until 28 September 2016 Afterwards sole party leader until the end of her term Additionally she had served as acting ad interim Senate President from 29 June 2022 to 13 June 2023 7 Orban had also served as Chamber President between December 2020 and October 2021 until he resigned 8 Cițu had also served as Senate President between 23 November 2021 and 29 June 2022 until he resigned 9 Ciucă is the first military leader of the party in the entire history of the PNL Additionally he has been serving as President of the Senate since 13 June 2023 Presidency span 1990 present EditNotable members EditCurrent notable members Edit Dinu Zamfirescu one of the 12 founding members of the PNL in January 1990 former BBC reporter and human rights activist I V Săndulescu one of the 12 founding members of the PNL in January 1990 Florin Cițu former party president between 25 September 2021 and 2 April 2022 former Prime Minister between December 2020 and October 2021 acting between October and November 2021 and former Minister of Public Finance between 2019 and 2020 Nicolae Ciucă current Prime Minister since 25 November 2021 former Minister of National Defence and former acting Prime Minister in December 2020 Emil Boc Mayor of Cluj Napoca former Prime Minister of Romania 2008 2012 Cătălin Predoiu current and former Minister of Justice and acting Prime Minister of Romania 2012 Leonard Orban economist former European Commissioner on multilingualism Crin Antonescu former party president between 2009 and 2014 former Minister of Youth and Sports President of the Senate and Acting President of Romania July August 2012 Vasile Blaga former co president of the party between 2014 and 2016 former President of the Senate of Romania between 2011 and 2012 Alina Gorghiu lawyer former co president of the party 2014 2016 member of Chamber of Deputies 2008 2016 and former member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe currently senator of Timiș Nicolae Robu the Mayor of Timișoara between 2012 and 2020 former senator in Romanian Parliament 2008 2012 member of the Central Bureau and the National Executive Council of the party and former rector of the Politechnic Institute of Timișoara 2004 2012 currently university professor Mircea Hava former mayor of Alba Iulia and current MEP since 2019 Gheorghe Falcă former mayor of Arad and current MEP since 2019 Raluca Turcan former acting president of the party in 2017 Theodor Stolojan former president of the party between 2002 and 2004 former Prime Minister of Romania 1991 1992 and MEP Andrei Chiliman former mayor of Sector 1 in Bucharest Crin Halaicu former Mayor of Bucharest 1992 1996 and businessman Gheorghe Flutur former ad interim acting president of the party current President of the Suceava County Council and former Minister of Agriculture Teodor Atanasiu former Minister of National Defence Eugen Nicolăescu former Minister of Health Daniel Dăianu MEP former Minister of Finance and member of the Romanian Academy Siegfried Mureșan MEP spokesman and vice president of the European People s Party Andrei Marga former Minister of Education Minister of External Affairs and rector of the Babeș Bolyai University Hermann Fabini architect art historian and former senator Ion Lungu current mayor of Suceava since 2004 Roberta Anastase former President of the Chamber of Deputies of Romania 2008 2012 Adrian Cioroianu former Minister of Foreign Affairs historian and journalist Ovidiu Raețchi political analyst Adriana Săftoiu spokeswoman and political advisor Sorin Cimpeanu former Minister of National Education Ligia Deca current Minister of National Education Daniel Constantin former Deputy Prime Minister of Romania former Minister of Environment and former Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development Former notable members Edit Klaus Iohannis 5th and incumbent President of Romania Ludovic Orban former party president and former Prime Minister of Romania between 2019 and 2020 former Minister of Transport between 2007 and 2008 Eduard Hellvig Member of the European Parliament and current Director of the Romanian Intelligence Service SRI Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu former Prime Minister of Romania February May 2012 and Head of the Romanian Foreign Intelligence Service SIE Sorin Frunzăverde former President of the Caraș Severin County Council former MEP former Minister of Environment former Minister of Tourism and former Minister of Defence Radu Campeanu first president of the party after the 1989 Revolution Mircea Ionescu Quintus second president of the party after the Romanian Revolution serving between 1993 and 2001 former President of the Senate and former Minister of Justice Nicolae Enescu former Romanian MP and one of the 12 re founding members of the PNL in January 1990 Sorin Bottez former vice president of the National Liberal Youth honorary founding member of PNL and former Minister Delegate of Public Information in the Ciorbea Cabinet 154 Niculae Cerveni lawyer former vice president of the party during the early 1990s former deputy and former senator Alexandru Paleologu essayist literary critic and diplomat Theodor Paleologu historian and diplomat Neagu Djuvara historian and diplomat Petre Țuțea philosopher Nicolae Manolescu literary critic Călin Popescu Tăriceanu former Prime Minister and former President of the Senate Bogdan Olteanu former President of the Chamber of Deputies of Romania Teodor Meleșcanu former Director of the Foreign Intelligence Service Foreign Minister and Minister of National Defence Mircea Diaconu former Minister of Culture and member of the European Parliament actor Mihai Stănișoară former Minister of National Defence Norica Nicolai former MEP Renate Weber former MEP former ombudsman between 2019 and 2021 jurist Victor Ciorbea former Prime Minister between 1996 and 1998 and former ombudsman between 2014 and 2019 Ramona Mănescu former MEP and former Minister of Transport Ovidiu Silaghi former Minister for Small and Medium Enterprises and former Minister of Transport Radu Stroe former Minister of Interior Viorel Cataramă businessman and former senator Dinu Patriciu businessman and architect Sorin Paliga former mayor of Sector 3 in Bucharest Electoral history EditLegislative elections Edit Election Chamber Senate Position AftermathVotes Seats Votes Seats1990 879 290 6 41 29 395 985 094 7 06 10 119 3rd Opposition to FSN government 1990 1991 FSN PNL MER PDAR government 1991 1992 1992 284 678 2 62 0 341 290 866 2 66 0 143 9th Extra parliamentary opposition to PDSR PUNR PRM PSM government 1992 1996 1996 3 692 321 30 17 28 343 3 772 084 30 70 22 143 1st within CDR 1 CDR USD UDMR government 1996 2000 2000 747 263 6 89 30 345 814 381 7 48 13 140 4th Opposition to PDSR minority government 2000 2004 2004 3 191 546 31 33 64 332 3 250 663 31 77 28 137 2nd within DA 2 DA PUR UDMR government 2004 2007 PNL UDMR minority government 2007 2008 c 2008 1 279 063 18 60 65 334 1 291 029 18 74 28 137 3rd Opposition to PDL PSD government 2008 2009 Opposition to PDL UNPR UDMR government 2009 2012 USL government 2012 2012 4 344 288 58 63 100 412 4 457 526 60 10 50 176 1st within USL 3 USL government 2012 2014 Opposition to PSD UNPR UDMR PC government 2014 Opposition to PSD UNPR ALDE government 2014 2015 Endorsing the technocratic Cioloș Cabinet 2015 2017 2016 1 412 377 20 04 69 329 1 440 193 20 42 30 136 2nd Opposition to PSD ALDE government 2017 2019 Opposition to PSD minority government 2019 PNL minority government 2019 2020 2020 1 486 401 25 19 93 330 1 511 225 25 58 41 136 2nd PNL USR PLUS UDMR government 2020 2021 PNL UDMR minority government 2021 CNR government 2021 present 2024 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBDNotes 1 The members of the CDR were the PNȚCD with 25 senators and 81 deputies the PNL the PNL CD with 1 senator and 4 deputies the PAR with 3 senators and 3 deputies the PER with 1 senator and 5 deputies and the Ecologist Federation of Romania FER with 1 senator and 1 deputy 2 The members of the Justice and Truth Alliance DA alliance were the PNL and the PD with 21 senators and 48 deputies 3 The Social Liberal Union USL was a larger political alliance comprising two other smaller political alliances as follows the Centre Left Alliance ACS and the Centre Right Alliance ACD The Centre Left Alliance ACS members were the PSD and the UNPR with 5 senators and 10 deputies The members of the Centre Right Alliance ACD were the PNL with 51 senators and 101 deputies and the PC with 8 senators and 13 deputies Furthermore de facto the PNL became the 2nd largest political party in the Romanian Parliament in the wake of the 2012 Romanian legislative election Local elections Edit National results Edit Election County Councilors CJ Mayors Local Councilors CL Popular vote PositionVotes Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats2008 1 521 191 18 20 297 1 393 1 721 834 19 50 706 3 179 1 576 214 19 80 8 529 40 297 1 537 840 18 08 3rd 2012 4 203 007 49 68 723 1 338 2 782 792 33 99 1 292 3 121 2 630 123 32 74 12 668 39 121 1st as USL 2016 2 529 986 30 64 504 1 434 2 686 099 31 50 1 081 3 186 2 478 549 29 60 13 198 40 067 2 529 986 30 64 2nd 2020 2 212 904 30 76 474 1 340 2 578 820 34 58 1 232 3 176 2 420 413 32 88 14 182 39 900 2 334 039 29 78 1st 2024 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBDElection County Presidents PCJ PositionVotes Seats2000 596 017 6 96 1 41 4th 2004 1 445 674 15 99 6 41 2nd 2008 1 537 840 18 08 5 41 3rd 2012 4 260 709 49 71 15 41 1st as USL 2016 2 529 986 30 64 8 41 2nd 2020 2 261 157 31 07 17 41 2nd 2024 TBD TBD TBD TBDMayor of Bucharest Edit Election Candidate First round Second roundVotes Percentage Position Votes Percentage Position1992 Crin Halaicu 55 88 1st 1996 Victor Ciorbea1 39 61 1st 56 74 1st 2000 George Pădure 45 861 7 24 4th not qualified2004 Traian Băsescu2 417 153 54 94 1st 2008 Ludovic Orban 64 636 11 85 4th not qualified2012 Sorin Oprescu3 430 512 53 79 1st 2016 Cătălin Predoiu 64 186 11 18 3rd 2020 Nicușor Dan4 282 631 42 81 1st 2024 TBA TBD TBD TBDNotes1 PNȚCD candidate endorsed by PNL as part of CDR 2 PD candidate endorsed by PNL as part of DA 3 Independent candidate endorsed by USL4 Independent candidate endorsed by PNL and USR PLUS County Council Edit This section needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information August 2022 Election County Councilors Aftermath2020 Alba 51 04 19 32 nbsp PNL majority2020 Arad 48 11 17 32 nbsp 1 PNL majority2020 Argeș 28 32 11 34 nbsp 3 Opposition2020 Bacău 27 00 8 36 nbsp 3 Opposition2020 Bihor 56 86 22 34 nbsp 5 PNL majority2020 Bistrița Năsăud 33 36 12 30 nbsp 3 Opposition2020 Botoșani 34 15 12 32 nbsp 3 Opposition2020 Brăila 26 53 10 32 nbsp 2 Opposition2020 Brașov 36 97 16 34 nbsp PNL USR PLUS2020 Bucharest 19 31 12 55 nbsp 5 USR PLUS PNL2020 Buzău 18 79 7 32 nbsp 2 Opposition2020 Călărași 37 26 9 30 nbsp 8 Opposition2020 Caraș Severin 44 90 16 34 nbsp 3 Opposition2020 Cluj 46 54 19 36 nbsp 1 PNL majority2020 Constanța 15 36 5 PNL USR PLUS2020 Covasna 3 31 02020 Dambovița 13 34 02020 Dolj 13 36 02020 Galați 12 34 02020 Giurgiu 18 30 0 PNL majority2020 Gorj 11 32 02020 Harghita 2 30 02020 Hunedoara 6 32 22020 Ialomița 29 0 10 31 nbsp PSD PNL2020 Iași 17 36 62020 Ilfov 50 0 16 32 5 PNL majority2020 Maramureș 13 34 3 PNL USR PLUS2020 Mehedinți 11 30 02020 Mureș 9 34 02020 Neamț 11 34 42020 Olt 11 32 02020 Prahova 8 36 8 PNL USR PLUS2020 Sălaj 11 30 22020 Satu Mare 10 32 02020 Sibiu 18 31 4 PNL majority2020 Suceava 50 0 18 36 nbsp 3 PNL majority2020 Teleorman 17 32 0 PNL majority2020 Timiș 16 36 10 PNL majority2020 Tulcea 13 30 02020 Valcea 13 32 02020 Vaslui 12 34 32020 Vrancea 15 32 5Presidential elections Edit Election Candidate First round Second roundVotes Percentage Position Votes Percentage Position1990 Radu Campeanu 1 529 188 10 6 2nd 1992 Emil Constantinescu1 3 717 006 31 1 2nd 4 641 207 38 6 2nd 1996 Emil Constantinescu1 3 569 941 28 2 2nd 7 057 906 54 4 1st 2000 Theodor Stolojan 1 321 420 11 8 3rd not qualified2004 Traian Băsescu2 3 545 236 33 9 2nd 5 126 794 51 2 1st 2009 Crin Antonescu 1 945 831 20 0 3rd not qualified2014 Klaus Iohannis3 2 881 406 30 3 2nd 6 288 769 54 4 1st 2019 Klaus Iohannis 3 485 292 37 8 1st 6 509 135 66 1 1st 2024 TBA TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBDNotes 1 Emil Constantinescu was the common centre right candidate that was endorsed by the PNL in both 1992 and 1996 as part of the larger Romanian Democratic Convention CDR 2 Traian Băsescu was the common centre right candidate that was endorsed by the PNL in 2004 as part of the Justice and Truth Alliance DA alongside the now defunct Democratic Party PD 3Although Klaus Iohannis was a member of the PNL he was the common centre right candidate that was endorsed by the party in 2014 as part of the Christian Liberal Alliance ACL alongside the now longtime defunct Democratic Liberal Party PDL European Parliament elections Edit Election Votes Percentage MEPs Position EU Party EP GroupJan 2007 20 0 nbsp 7 35 nbsp 2nd nbsp ALDE ALDE Group1Nov 2007 688 859 nbsp 13 4 nbsp 6 35 nbsp 3rd nbsp ALDE ALDE Group2009 702 974 nbsp 14 5 nbsp 5 33 nbsp 3rd nbsp ALDE ALDE Group2014 835 531 nbsp 15 0 nbsp 6 32 nbsp 2nd nbsp ALDE2 EPP Group2019 2 449 068 nbsp 27 0 nbsp 10 32 nbsp 1st nbsp EPP EPP Group2024 TBD TBD TBD TBD EPP EPP GroupNotes 1 During the 2004 09 EU parliament session the Parliament of Romania sent 7 delegates on behalf of the PNL to Brussels Belgium 2 Subsequently sought permission to adhere to the European People s Party EPP as well as to its affiliated EU Parliament group and had been successfully accepted within it as a full member in the meantime See also EditNational Liberal Party PNL Republic of Moldova sister party National Liberal Ecologist Alliance ANLE Liberalism and radicalism in Romania List of political parties in Romania List of liberal partiesNotes Edit Vasile Blaga served as Senate President when he was still in the Democratic Liberal Party PDL closely to the end of his term also its leader president In the particular case of Alina Gorghiu she has just been serving as acting ad interim Senate President since 29 June onwards More specifically of Suceava County in Bukovina northeastern Romania With Social Democratic Party PSD endorsement confidence and supplyReferences Edit Ivan Zoltan Denes 2006 Liberty and the Search for Identity Liberal Nationalisms and the Legacy of Empires Central European University Press p 383 ISBN 978 963 7326 44 8 Scurt istoric PNL in Romanian Archived from the original on 15 December 2014 The Brătianu PNL faction was unlawfully dissolved in 1947 by the then communist authorities The Tătărescu Bejan PNL faction was unlawfully dissolved in 1950 by the then communist authorities Bogdan Constantinescu 14 March 2023 Rascoala in PNL se cere capul lui Bogdan Aurescu Florin Roman Cine nu respecta romanii din Diaspora nu are ce cauta cocotat intr un scaun ministerial la externe Indiferent cat de arogant este Aktual24 ro in Romanian Retrieved 14 March 2023 a b Nordsieck Wolfram 2020 Romania Parties and Elections in Europe Retrieved 18 December 2020 a b Caroline Close 2019 The liberal family ideology Distinct but diverse In Emilie van Haute Caroline Close eds Liberal Parties in Europe Taylor amp Francis p 344 ISBN 978 1 351 24549 4 https www capital ro nicolae ciuca cere pnl sa sustina patriotismul economic si sa intareasca clasa de mijloc in romania html https adevarul ro politica patriotismul economic elementul comun din 2251456 html https tomisnews ro ciuca lanseaza un nou curent de gandire in pnl patriotismul economic video Un nou război intre PNL si USR PLUS de data aceasta pe tema LGBT In frunte cu Ciolos au votat raportul Matic Socant Războiul cultural Est Vest De care parte se află PNL DW 06 07 2021 Deutsche Welle Legea parteneriatului civil a fost respinsă Deputat PNL Relațiile homosexuale au dus la declinul Imperiului Roman Puiu Hasotti PNL despre reglementarea parteneriatului civil intre persoane de acelasi sex Homosexualii sunt doar niste oameni bolnavi Homosexualitatea nu este o stare fireasca In Romania fascismul intră pe sub ușă DW 03 08 2021 Deutsche Welle PNL și Klaus Iohannis luptă impotriva homosexualilor 5 October 2016 11 12 13 14 15 16 Lavinia Stan Rodica Zaharia 2012 Romania In Donnacha o Beachain Vera Sheridan Sabina Stan eds Life in Post communist Eastern Europe After EU Membership Happy Ever After Routledge p 188 ISBN 978 0 415 68084 4 Graft tainted Romanian left eyes election comeback EURACTIV 9 December 2016 Retrieved 30 April 2019 Romania country profile BBC News 10 July 2023 Retrieved 27 September 2023 Barbera Marcel 28 September 2020 Centre right Parties Trounce Social Democrats in Romanian local elections Balkan Insight Retrieved 27 September 2023 In a dismal day for the Social Democrats the ruling centre right PNL Romanian MPs approve coalition that will see rotating prime ministers Euronews 25 November 2021 Retrieved 27 September 2023 Romania s PM resigns after opposition party wins more votes in election Irish Examiner 7 December 2020 Retrieved 27 September 2023 The next Romanian government s weak mandate for fighting corruption The Economist Bucharest 12 December 2020 Retrieved 27 September 2023 Youngs Richard 2021 Rebuilding European Democracy Resistance and Renewal in an Illiberal Age United Kingdom Bloomsbury Publishing p 104 ISBN 9780755639731 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 PNL CD PNL AT and PL 93 were the PNL splinter groups which were still part of the CDR after Campeanu s withdrawal of the main PNL from the convention in 1992 Other minor liberal parties such as PAC and UFD which would later merge in the PNL were part of the CDR during the late 1990s as well Ințelegere politică pentru noul partid de dreapta PNL și PDL vor canta de acum Verde nrourat Digi24 in Romanian 19 August 2014 Senatul Romaniei Grupuri parlamentare in Romanian Retrieved 1 October 2023 Camera deputaților Grupuri parlamentare in Romanian Retrieved 1 October 2023 Advanced search European Parliament Retrieved 17 July 2020 a b c d Autoritatea electorală permanentă date finale in Romanian Grupurile parlamentare Chamber of Deputies in Romanian Antonescu La 138 de ani de la inființarea sa destinul PNL este strans legat de evoluția Romaniei și de parcursul european Agerpres in Romanian 24 May 2013 Donatella M Viola 2015 Routledge Handbook of European Elections Routledge p 665 ISBN 978 1 317 50363 7 EPP concerned over actions of radical Islamic militant groups and over latest political developments in Romania welcomes five new member parties European People s Party 12 September 2014 Archived from the original on 13 April 2015 Archived copy Archived from the original on 25 May 2014 Retrieved 21 May 2016 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Centrist Democrat International Member parties Retrieved 17 April 2020 Cristian Preda 2013 Partide voturi și mandate la alegerile din Romania 1990 2012 PDF SSOAR GESIS Leibniz Institut fur Sozialwissenschaften in Mannheim in Romanian Retrieved 18 December 2022 Monitorul de Vrancea 17 January 2004 Avocatul Niculae Cerveni a incetat din viață Monitorul de Vrancea in Romanian Retrieved 8 May 2021 a b Richard Rose Neil Munro 2009 Parties and Elections in New European Democracies ECPR Press pp 215 216 ISBN 978 0 9558203 2 8 Villy Tsakona Diana Elena Popa eds 2011 Studies in Political Humour In Between Political Critique and Public Entertainment John Benjamins Publishing p 162 ISBN 978 90 272 0637 4 Romanian opposition demands new PM Euronews 21 October 2009 Archived from the original on 29 February 2012 Retrieved 16 November 2014 National minorities in Romania s Parliament endorse Mircea Geoana s candidacy for runoff presidential election FINANCIARUL ultimele stiri din Finante Banci Economie Imobiliare si IT 30 November 2009 Archived from the original on 10 January 2014 Retrieved 16 November 2014 Romanian Oppositions Form Alliance English cri cn Archived from the original on 29 June 2012 Retrieved 13 November 2011 FOCUS Information Agency Focus fen net Retrieved 13 November 2011 Romania s Liberals to leave ruling coalition government The Sofia Globe 25 February 2014 Retrieved 16 July 2014 EurActiv 26 May 2014 Romanian liberals seek EPP affiliation EurActiv Retrieved 16 July 2014 Antonescu I ll have talks with EPP in June Actmedia eu 28 May 2014 Retrieved 16 July 2014 ALDE MEP details Alde eu Archived from the original on 23 May 2014 Retrieved 16 July 2014 Romania s largest rightist parties agree on presidential candidate fusion Independent Balkan News Agency Balkaneu com 29 May 2014 Retrieved 16 July 2014 SIGLA ACL a intrat in producţie ZIUAnews ro Retrieved 10 June 2015 Ion Dumitrel Florin Roman Adrian Teban și Marius Ceteraș prim vicepreședinții Alianței Creștin Liberale Alba ACL Ziarul Unirea Archived from the original on 5 December 2014 Retrieved 10 June 2015 Newsroom 28 June 2014 Calin Popescu Tariceanu will run for president Retrieved 10 June 2015 ACTMedia Tariceanu The Liberal Reforming Party is advancing Liberalism Retrieved 10 June 2015 Name of new party from PDL PNL merger is PNL Actmedia eu Retrieved 19 July 2014 Merger protocol between PNL PDL new party statute approved by joint congress Retrieved 10 June 2015 Romania s PM Ponta wins first round of presidential election Reuters 3 November 2014 Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 Retrieved 10 June 2015 Romania election surprise as Klaus Iohannis wins presidency BBC News 17 November 2014 Retrieved 10 June 2015 Romanians elected Klaus Iohannis their new president for the next five years Retrieved 10 June 2015 Niculescu Anghel 18 June 2017 Ludovic Orban a anunţat pe cine va susţine PNL la alegerile prezidenţiale din 2019 Mă voi bate cu toată forţa mea să obţinem un nou mandat pentru Klaus Iohannis Express de Banat in Romanian Retrieved 4 August 2017 Sebastian Zachmann 11 March 2018 Decizie PNL Liberalii il susţin pe Klaus Iohannis pentru un nou mandat de presedinte Ludovic Orban premierul PNL Adevărul in Romanian Digi24 23 June 2018 Klaus Iohannis va candida pentru un nou mandat de președinte Sunt ferm hotărat digi24 ro Retrieved 23 June 2018 Guvernul Cițu a fost votat in Parlament A primit 260 de voturi pentru și 186 impotrivă Alba24 in Romanian 23 December 2020 Retrieved 2 January 2021 Cristian Matei and Sorina Ionașc 25 May 2021 Congresul PNL va fi organizat in 25 septembrie Cițu evită să spună ce a decis Știrile PRO TV in Romanian Retrieved 31 May 2021 Bianca Ion 31 May 2021 Liberalii intre Florin Citu si Ludovic Orban Cine a schimbat tabara si cum arata listele de sustinatori Ziare com in Romanian Redacția Aktual24 ro 12 August 2021 Drula si Nasui blocheaza noul PNDL dorit de PNL Risipa banilor publici pe criterii politice Banii au ajuns in buzunarele baronilor locali Aktual24 ro in Romanian Retrieved 26 December 2021 Redacția Aktual24 ro 3 September 2021 USRPLUS este deja in Opozitie Adoptarea PNDL 3 un nou abuz marca OUG 13 Si au facut cale libera sa fure Aktual24 ro in Romanian Retrieved 26 December 2021 Romania PM urges partners to stay united in coalition crisis talks Reuters 3 September 2021 Retrieved 8 September 2021 Romanian PM sacks justice minister over reform response Reuters 1 September 2021 Retrieved 8 September 2021 Alexandru Costea 9 September 2021 VIDEO Florin Cițu se crede Superman intr un clip publicat de acesta pe Instagram Digi24 ro in Romanian Retrieved 15 September 2021 Beatrice Ghiciov 10 September 2021 VIDEO Internauții ii dau replica premierului Au publicat un video cu Florin Cițu in rolul lui Joker DigiFM ro in Romanian Retrieved 15 September 2021 Bogdan Păcurar 11 September 2021 Orban stupefiat de filmul cu Cițu Superman Cred că este totuși nevoie de o anumită profesie care să rezolve această problemă Digi24 ro in Romanian Retrieved 15 September 2021 Redacția Aktual24 ro 21 August 2021 PMP a semnat un protocol cu PSD si Pro Romania pentru inlaturarea regimului PNL USR PMP face alianta la nivel national cu ciuma rosie Aktual24 ro Retrieved 26 December 2021 Dan Barna USR PLUS va fi partidul care va caștiga dreapta din Romania dacă rămane in opoziție Digi24 ro in Romanian 12 September 2021 Retrieved 12 September 2021 Gabriel Tudor 22 September 2021 DNA a inceput urmărirea penală in dosarul lui Florin Cițu Acuzațiile abuz in serviciu și instigare la abuz in serviciu DigiFM ro Retrieved 24 September 2021 Beatrice Ghiciov 21 September 2021 VIDEO Lucian Mindruță mesaj pentru Florin Cițu după demiterea lui Octavian Berceanu Ce e in mintea ta Ai innebunit DigiFM ro in Romanian Retrieved 24 September 2021 Bobi Neacșu 22 September 2021 Cristian Tudor Popescu reacție dură la adresa lui Klaus Iohannis Domnului președinte i se rupe n paișpe Libertatea in Romanian Retrieved 24 September 2021 Dorin Oancea 6 September 2021 Criza politică bagă leul in pămant Euro decolează luni si atinge un nou maxim istoric faţă de leu BNR anunţă un curs de 4 9475 lei euro Ziarul Financiar in Romanian Retrieved 20 September 2021 Andra Timu 10 September 2021 Romanian Inflation Quickens Further as Political Spat Hurts Leu Bloomberg Retrieved 9 October 2021 Robert Kiss 27 September 2021 Acuzații de fraudă după Congresul PNL Contracandidatul lui Rareș Bogdan spune că 1 200 de votanți au furnizat 1 842 de voturi Digi24 ro in Romanian Retrieved 27 September 2021 Andreea Pavel 25 September 2021 USR PLUS Am luat o decizie in unanimitate nu putem continua guvernarea cu Florin Cițu premier Nu participăm la guvernare de dragul puterii acceptand orice fel de condiții G4Media in Romanian Retrieved 22 December 2021 PNL a stabilit echipa care va conduce partidul alături de Florin Cițu Antena 3 Retrieved 26 September 2021 Ioana Coman 27 September 2021 Orban Cițu nu ințelege că nu va mai fi prim ministru Dacă va mai fi va fi din mila PSD Digi24 ro in Romanian Retrieved 27 September 2021 Alexandru Costea 27 September 2021 Cițu după aprobarea PNRR Altă cale nu există Nu mai putem sta pe loc in timp ce intreaga lume se dezvoltă in Romanian Retrieved 28 September 2021 Robert Kiss 28 September 2021 Moțiunea de cenzură a PSD va fi votată săptămana viitoare Ce se intamplă cu moțiunea depusă de USR PLUS și AUR Digi24 ro Retrieved 29 September 2021 Sorina Matei 28 September 2021 Valeriu Stoica PNL incalcă grav constituția Se comportă la fel ca PSD Mediafax ro in Romanian Retrieved 28 September 2021 Robert Kiss 5 October 2021 Guvernul Cițu a fost demis Au votat 281 de parlamentari moțiunea de cenzură in Romanian Retrieved 6 October 2021 Robert Kiss 5 October 2021 Klaus Iohannis Este o situație complicată care a fost generată de politicieni cinici Consultări cu partidele săptămana viitoare in Romanian Retrieved 6 October 2021 Redacția Aktual24 ro 9 October 2021 Valeriu Stoica analiza taioasa Iohannis a permis ca la conducerea PNL sa existe oameni mediocri A fost cu totul evacuata infrastructura intelectuala a PNL Aktual24 ro in Romanian Retrieved 24 December 2021 Victor Gheja 6 October 2021 Valeriu Stoica transant PNL ar da dovada de imaturitate crasa daca il propune tot pe Citu Ar insemna agravarea crizei politice Aktual24 ro in Romanian Retrieved 24 December 2021 Redacția Aktual24 ro 9 October 2021 Valeriu Stoica Presedintele Romaniei trebuia sa i spuna lui Florin Citu ca situatia impune demisia lui Nu trebuia sa se ajunga la motiunea de cenzura Aktual24 ro in Romanian Retrieved 24 December 2021 Former PM Dacian Cioloș tasked with forming new Romanian government euronews 11 October 2021 Retrieved 16 October 2021 Consultări la Cotroceni Iohannis Am decis să l desemnez drept candidat pentru funcția de prim ministru pe Nicolae Ciucă Bogdan Păcurar in Romanian 21 October 2021 Retrieved 21 October 2021 Fermă de like uri la PNL Cu doar 7 incredere in Romania Florin Cițu primește mii de aprecieri de la conturi cu nume rusești vietnameze și arabe HotNews Retrieved 6 November 2021 Beatrice Ghiciov 6 November 2021 Florin Cițu like uri cumpărate de la cetățeni din spațiul ex sovietic și Vietnam Digi FM in Romanian Retrieved 6 November 2021 Beatrice Ghiciov 5 November 2021 Lucian Mindruță mesaj pentru Klaus Iohannis Așteptările noastre sunt numai bune să ne ștergem undeva cu ele Ne ați livrat hartie igienică DigiFM Retrieved 11 November 2021 Beatrice Ghiciov 9 November 2021 Lucian Mindruță Liderii opoziției ajung acum la putere călcand pe cadavre DigiFM Retrieved 11 November 2021 Robert Kiss 12 November 2021 Biroul Executiv al PNL a votat excluderea lui Ludovic Orban din partid Sunt liber să construiesc o nouă forță politică Digi24 in Romanian Retrieved 12 November 2021 Alexandru Costea 12 November 2021 Surse PNL negociază fuziunea cu partidul lui Traian Băsescu Digi24 Retrieved 12 November 2021 Luana Pavaluca 13 November 2021 PMP a decis să negocieze cu PNL un proiect politic comun Digi24 in Romanian Retrieved 14 November 2021 Ioana Coman 15 November 2021 Cițu Avem o alianță cu PSD Trebuie să formăm acest guvern E un compromis major pe care il face PNL Digi24 in Romanian Retrieved 15 November 2021 Monica Bonea 15 November 2021 Ludovic Orban Se construiește un monstru Am obligația față de oamenii care au votat PNL să i reprezint Digi24 in Romanian Retrieved 15 November 2021 Raul Nețoiu 15 November 2021 Cristian Diaconescu respinge fuziunea cu PNL In mandatul meu PMP nu dispare Partidul lui Băsescu așteaptă o invitație la guvernare Digi24 in Romanian Retrieved 15 November 2021 Bogdan Păcurar 22 November 2021 Nicolae Ciucă prima declarație după ce a fost desemnat premier Sper ca incepand de joi să putem să ne apucăm serios de treabă Digi24 in Romanian Retrieved 22 November 2021 Bogdan Păcurar 22 November 2021 Klaus Iohannis Il desemnez pe Nicolae Ciucă pentru a forma o echipă guvernamentală Digi24 in Romanian Retrieved 22 November 2021 Mihnea Lazăr 23 November 2021 Ludovic Orban a demisionat din PNL Digi24 in Romanian Retrieved 23 November 2021 Cristian Andrei 11 January 2022 Fuziunea PNL cu ALDE dar fără Tăriceanu Bătălie pentru funcții in PNL Europa Liberă Romania in Romanian Retrieved 16 January 2022 Sebastian Pricop 11 January 2022 PNL incepe negocierile pentru fuziune cu ALDE Discuții și cu PMP Libertatea in Romanian Retrieved 16 January 2022 Alexandru Costea 2 April 2022 Florin Cițu și a dat demisia de la șefia PNL Digi24 ro in Romanian Retrieved 2 April 2022 Dana Humoreanu 2 April 2022 Flutur preia președinția interimară a PNL Monitorul de Suceava in Romanian Retrieved 2 April 2022 Bogdan Păcurar 10 April 2022 Nicolae Ciucă este noul președinte PNL Digi24 ro in Romanian Retrieved 10 April 2022 Consiliul Național al PNL se va reuni pe 27 mai Liberalii iși vor alege secretarul general in Romanian 11 May 2022 Retrieved 12 May 2022 https freedomhouse org country romania nations transit 2022 https www romania insider com romania last eu countries economist democracy index https www fanatik ro romania cea mai slaba democratie din uniunea europeana societatea noastra este prinsa intr un cerc vicios 20300534 Redacția Aktual24 ro 16 January 2022 S a rupt inca o bucata din PNL Sute de PNL isti disidenti din Timisoara au infiintat Platforma Liberal Conservatoare Aktual24 ro in Romanian Retrieved 16 January 2022 Tribunalul București dispune fuziunea PNL cu PDL Noua formațiune denumită PNL in Romanian 6 October 2014 PNL se mărește Un partid va fi absorbit de formațiunea condusă de Orban in Romanian 18 March 2019 Dan Vilceanu un apropiat al lui Florin Cițu va conduce negocierile de fuziune PNL ALDE in Romanian 11 January 2022 Redacția Aktual24 22 March 2022 PNL a inghitit oficial ALDE cele doua partide au fuzionat Rares Bogdan a fost in comisia PNL de negociere cu ALDE Aktual24 ro in Romanian Partidul Național Liberal Despre Noi Principii și valorile liberale Archived from the original on 22 September 2018 Retrieved 22 April 2018 PNL Afiliere internațională in Romanian https moldova europalibera org a liberalii biserica familia na C8 9Bionali C8 99ti 31342092 html bare URL De ce Partidul Național Liberal nu are nicio treabă cu liberalismul de stanga sau de dreapta Cum vede PNL familia traditionala Casatoria e intre un barbat si o femeie dar familia nu se intemeiaza exclusiv pe casatorie Războiul cultural Est Vest De care parte se află Iohannis și PNL DW 06 07 2021 Deutsche Welle What s behind the sudden rise of a far right party in Romania 8 December 2020 Sorin Avram Mai punem si noi mana pe o carte domnule Ciţu Cine il adoptă pe antreprenorul erou Bătălia politică pe guvernarea neoliberală intre PNL și USR PLUS 30 December 2020 George Călin 21 March 2021 Rares Bogdan Nu suntem de acord cu infierea copiilor de către cupluri ale minorităţilor sexuale pentru că lucrul ăsta e o chestie care schimbă lumea Dacă cineva crede că va putea nouă să ne răpească bucuria de a spune mamă tată se insală G4Media in Romanian Retrieved 2 August 2021 Alex Miclovan 20 May 2021 Rareș Bogdan dezvăluie cum poate recupera PNL voturile pe care i le a luat AUR Să nu uităm de valorile conservatoare Nu ne putem bate in neoprogresism cu USRPLUS și nici in populism cu PSD Podul Retrieved 2 August 2021 Robert Sighiartău Dacă ar fi să aleg intre a intra la guvernare cu USR sau cu PMP aș alege PMP in Romanian G4Media 9 November 2020 V M 4 July 2021 Ludovic Orban PNL trebuie să sprijine valorile tradiţionale ale romanilor familia biserica satul Avem niste parteneri de guvernare care parcă nu s au născut aici HotNews ro in Romanian Retrieved 2 August 2021 Redacția Radio Europa Liberă Moldova 5 July 2021 In lupta pentru șefia PNL din Romania liderul partidului Ludovic Orban vrea să intărească aripa conservatoare Radio Europa Liberă Moldova in Romanian Retrieved 2 August 2021 Luana Pavaluca 4 July 2021 Ovidiu Raețchi PNL Ludovic Orban a ajuns să meargă pe drumul toxic al lui Viktor Orban Digi24 ro in Romanian Retrieved 2 August 2021 Andrei Cristian 29 March 2022 Concurs de populism intre PNL și PSD Vouchere de 50 sau 100 de euro plafonare RCA reducere TVA și CAS Europa Liberă Romania Adam Robert 28 November 2018 Doua veacuri de populism romanesc ISBN 9789735063078 Ionel Dancă despre măsurile propuse de PSD și PNL Parcă ne uităm la desene animate cu Tom și Jerry 29 March 2022 Citu Government with PSD and UDMR a compromise PNL will oppose any populist measure 26 November 2021 Romania s new conservative socialist government sworn in 26 November 2021 Andreea Pora 9 April 2022 Ciucă ales la al XVI lea congres Efectul asupra viitorului PNL Europa Liberă in Romanian Retrieved 20 October 2022 Pe locurile eligibile nu se gasesc persoane precum Presada sau Vlad Alexandrescu pe cand personaje ca Daniel Gheorghe sau Ben Oni Ardelean da https romania europalibera org a ciuc C4 83 candidat unic congres onl 31793366 html bare URL Partidul Național Liberal Angajamentul nostru Programul de Guvernare al Partidului Național Liberal Archived from the original on 29 August 2018 Retrieved 22 April 2018 https romania europalibera org a ciuc C4 83 candidat unic congres onl 31793366 html bare URL https www capital ro nicolae ciuca cere pnl sa sustina patriotismul economic si sa intareasca clasa de mijloc in romania html https adevarul ro politica patriotismul economic elementul comun din 2251456 html https tomisnews ro ciuca lanseaza un nou curent de gandire in pnl patriotismul economic video https www bursa ro catalin drula coalitia psd pnl ne baga cresteri de taxe si impozit progresiv 47884647 in Romanian The structure of the Party Archived 12 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine Biroul Executiv al PNL PNL Archived from the original on 25 June 2018 Retrieved 22 April 2018 Departamentul Politic 19 October 2016 A murit Radu Campeanu primul președinte al PNL după reinființarea partidului in 1990 in Romanian Retrieved 18 November 2021 Adevărul 4 May 2007 Intelectualii nu pot face orice doar fiindcă sunt destepţi Adevărul in Romanian Retrieved 20 June 2021 Further reading EditPNL website retrieved 8 September 2012 Campeanu Radu Cu gandul la țară Canadian Broadcasting Corporation CBC 1995 Cliveti Gheorghe Liberalismul romanesc Eseu istoriografic Editura Fundației AXIS Iași 1996 Istoricul PNL de la 1848 pană astăzi București 1923 Rădulescu Zoner Șerban coord Cliveti Gheorghe Stan Apostol Onisoru Gheorghe Șandru Dumitru Istoria Partidului Național Liberal Editura All București 2000 Stan Apostol Iosa Mircea Liberalismul politic in Romania De la origini pană la 1918 Editura Enciclopedică București 1996 Naumescu Valentin Despre liberalism in Romania Realităţi dileme perspective EFES Cluj Napoca 2001 Șomlea Vasile Florin Mișcarea liberală din Romania post 1989 Editura Ecumenica Press Cluj Napoca 2006 External links EditOfficial website in Romanian League of the Local Representatives of the National Liberal Party official site Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title National Liberal Party Romania amp oldid 1177975311, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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