Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines
The speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines (Filipino: Ispiker ng Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas), more popularly known as the House speaker, is the presiding officer and the highest-ranking official of the lower house of Congress, the House of Representatives, as well as the fourth-highest official of the government of the Philippines.
| Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines | |
|---|---|
| Ispiker ng Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas | |
Seal of the Philippine House of Representatives | |
Flag of the House of Representatives | |
| Style | Mr. Speaker (informal) The Honorable (formal) |
| Type | Speaker of the lower house |
| Member of | House of Representatives of the Philippines |
| Seat | Batasang Pambansa Complex, Quezon City |
| Appointer | Philippine House of Representatives |
| Term length | At the House's pleasure[note 1] |
| Inaugural holder | Sergio Osmeña |
| Formation | October 16, 1907 |
| Succession | Third in the Presidential Line of Succession |
| Website | Speaker of the House |
The speaker is elected by a majority of all of the representatives from among themselves. The speaker is the third and last in the line of succession to the presidency, after the vice president and the Senate president.
A speaker may be removed from office in a coup, or can be replaced by death or resignation. In some cases, a speaker may be compelled to resign at the middle of a Congress' session after he has lost support of the majority of congressmen; in that case, an election for a new speaker is held. Despite being a partisan official, the speaker (or whoever is presiding) does not vote unless in breaking ties in accordance with the Rules of the House of Representatives.
The current House speaker is Martin Romualdez of Leyte-1st congressional district. He was elected as speaker on July 25, 2022, the first day of the 19th Congress.
Election
When the office of speaker is vacant (usually at the beginning of a new Congress), the secretary-general of the House sits as the speaker until a person is elected. A speaker is usually elected via majority vote via roll call of the representatives, after nomination at the start of each new Congress. Usually, despite the current multi-party system used, only two representatives are nominated, with nominations being agreed upon before each Congress during caucuses between the administration and opposition coalitions, with the chosen candidate of the majority coalition being almost certain to win by a large margin. The two competing candidates by tradition vote for each other; those who voted for the speaker-elect is assigned as the "majority" coalition while those who didn't are the minority coalition, with the losing candidate usually being named as minority leader.
In the 2013 election, there were three candidates for the speakership. In this case, the candidates didn't vote for each other, and the second-placed candidate became minority leader and headed the minority bloc. The third-placed candidate became the leader of the "independent minority" bloc. Only the majority and minority blocs were given seats in committees. There was a chance that neither candidate would get a majority of votes; it is undetermined on what should be done if that happened.
Role
According to Section 15 of Rule 4 of the Rules of the House of Representatives, the duties and powers of the speaker as the political and administrative head of the House are as follows:
a. prepare the legislative agenda for every regular session, establish systems and procedures to ensure full deliberation and swift approval of measures included therein, and may, for the purpose, avail of the assistance of the Deputy Speakers, the Majority Leader, the Chairpersons of the standing committees and other Members of the House;
b. conduct regular monthly caucus of all Members or groups thereof or as often as may be necessary to discuss priority measures and to facilitate dialogue, consensus and action on issues and concerns affecting the House and the performance of its functions;
c. exercise general supervision over all committees and, in furtherance thereof, conduct regular monthly meetings with the Chairpersons and Vice-Chairpersons of all standing and special committees to set legislative targets, review performance in the attainment of targets, ensure that the priority legislative measures of committees are attuned to the legislative agenda of the House, and resolve such other issues and concerns that affect the operations and performance of the committees;
d. as far as practicable, establish an efficient information management system in the House utilizing among others, modern digital technology, that can:
1. facilitate access to and dissemination of data and information needed in legislation inclusive of facilitating real time translation of plenary proceedings in the major Philippine dialects and languages;
2. provide a simplified and comprehensive process of gathering, recording, storage and retrieval of data and information relating to activities and proceedings of the House;
3.sustain a public information program that will provide accessible, timely and accurate information relating to the House, its Members and officers, its committees and its legislative concerns inclusive of facilitating, as far as practicable, broadcast coverage of plenary and committee proceedings;
e. establish an efficient and effective system to monitor and evaluate the performance of legislative tasks and duties of the House, its Members and its committees;
f. establish coordinative linkages with the Senate of the Philippines to efficiently monitor and facilitate Senate action on House measures pending with the same;
g. preside over the sessions of the House and decide all questions of order subject to appeal by any Member who may explain the appeal in not more than five (5) minutes: Provided, That the appeal shall not be subject to debate, and no explanation of vote shall be allowed in case of nominal voting;
h. designate a Member as temporary presiding officer after informing the Deputy Speakers: Provided, That any such designation shall be effective for one session day only;
i. take appropriate measures as may be deemed advisable or as the House may direct, to preserve order and decorum in the session hall, the galleries, lobbies, chambers, offices, corridors and premises of the House;
j. sign all acts, resolutions, memorials, writs, warrants and subpoenas that may be issued by or upon order of the House;
k. perform administrative functions such as, among others:
k1. appointment of personnel of the House with authority to delegate this power;
k2. suspension, dismissal or imposition of other disciplinary measures on House personnel in accordance with Civil Service rules: Provided, That the suspension or dismissal of the Secretary General and the Sergeant-at-Arms shall take effect only upon the concurrence of the majority of all the Members;
k3. consolidation or splitting of vacant positions carrying salaries and wages which may be increased or reduced in the process, and/or creation of new positions in accordance with the General Appropriations Act: Provided, That the total amount involved shall not exceed the total amount appropriated for the salaries and wages of the personnel of the House; and
k4. implementation of merit-based policies and programs on personnel recruitment, training and development, promotions, incentives and benefits to ensure that the House has a corps of competent professionals able to provide needed legislative support services;
l. prepare the annual budget of the House with the assistance of the Committee on Accounts;
m. in consultation with the Committee on Rules, prepare the rules and regulations governing public access to personal data and related information, including statements of assets and liabilities, of Members of the House;
n. in consultation with the Minority Leader, shall develop through an appropriate entity of the House a system for drug testing in the House of Representatives, which may provide for the testing of any Member, officer, or employee of the House, and otherwise shall be comparable in scope to the system for drug testing in the executive branch, Provided, That the expenses of the system may be paid from applicable accounts of the House for official expenses; and
o. require the submission of performance reports at the end of every regular session and fiscal year from the committee chairpersons, the Secretary General and the Sergeant-at-Arms, and such other reports as may be required from all concerned officers and offices of the House.
And according to Section 16 of the Rule 4 of the Rules of the House, the speaker must "be the permanent head of delegation and representative of the House in all international parliamentary gatherings and organizations: Provided, that the Speaker may designate any Member to be the representative of the Speaker. The Speaker shall also determine, upon the recommendation of the Majority Leader, in consultation with the Chairperson of the Committee on Inter-Parliamentary Relations and Diplomacy, who shall constitute the House delegation to any international conference or forum of parliamentarians and legislators and the secretariat support staff to be mobilized for the purpose."
List of speakers
| National Assembly (1898–1901) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Party | Legislature | ||
| Took office | Left office | ||||||
| – | Pedro Paterno Member for Ilocos Norte (1857–1911) | September 15 1898 | November 13 1899 | Independent | National Assembly | ||
| Philippine Assembly (1907–1916) | |||||||
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Party | Legislature | ||
| Took office | Left office | ||||||
| 1 | Sergio Osmeña Member for Cebu–2nd (1878–1961) | October 16 1907 | May 20 1909 | Nacionalista | 1st Legislature | ||
| March 28 1910 | February 6 1912 | 2nd Legislature | |||||
| October 16 1912 | February 24 1916 | 3rd Legislature | |||||
| House of Representatives of the Philippine Islands (1916–1935) | |||||||
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Party | Legislature | ||
| Took office | Left office | ||||||
| (1) | Sergio Osmeña Member for Cebu–2nd (1878–1961) | October 16 1916 | March 8 1919 | Nacionalista | 4th Legislature | ||
| July 21 1919 | March 14 1922 | 5th Legislature | |||||
| 2 | Manuel Roxas Member for Capiz–1st (1892–1948) | October 27 1922 | February 8 1925 | Nacionalista Colectivista | 6th Legislature | ||
| July 16 1925 | November 9 1927 | Nacionalista | 7th Legislature | ||||
| July 28 1928 | November 7 1930 | 8th Legislature | |||||
| July 16 1931 | May 5 1934 | 9th Legislature | |||||
| 3 | Quintín Paredes Member for Abra (1884–1973) | July 16 1934 | November 15 1935 | Nacionalista Democratico | 10th Legislature | ||
| National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines (1935–1941) | |||||||
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Party | Legislature | ||
| Took office | Left office | ||||||
| 4 | Gil Montilla Member for Negros Occidental–3rd (1876–1946) | November 15 1935 | August 15 1938 | Nacionalista Democratico | 1st National Assembly | ||
| 5 | José Yulo Member for Negros Occidental–3rd (1894–1976) | January 24 1939 | December 16 1941 | Nacionalista | 2nd National Assembly | ||
| National Assembly of the Republic of the Philippines (1943–1945) | |||||||
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Party | Legislature | ||
| Took office | Left office | ||||||
| 6 | Benigno Aquino Sr. Member for Tarlac (1894–1947) | September 25 1943 | February 2 1944 | KALIBAPI | National Assembly | ||
| House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of the Philippines (1941–1946) | |||||||
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Party | Legislature | ||
| Took office | Left office | ||||||
| 7 | José Zulueta Member for Iloilo–1st (1889–1972) | June 9 1945 | December 20 1945 | Nacionalista | 1st Commonwealth Congress | ||
| 8 | Eugenio Pérez Member for Pangasinan–2nd (1896–1957) | May 25 1946 | July 4 1946 | Liberal | 2nd Commonwealth Congress | ||
| House of Representatives of the Republic of the Philippines (1946–1973) | |||||||
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Party | Legislature | ||
| Took office | Left office | ||||||
| (8) | Eugenio Pérez Member for Pangasinan–2nd (1896–1957) | July 4 1946 | December 30 1949 | Liberal | 1st Congress | ||
| December 30 1949 | December 30 1953 | 2nd Congress | |||||
| 9 | Jose Laurel Jr. Member for Batangas–3rd (1912–1998) | January 25 1954 | December 30 1957 | Nacionalista | 3rd Congress | ||
| 10 | Daniel Z. Romualdez Member for Leyte–4th until 1961 Member for Leyte–1st from 1961 (1907–1965) | January 27 1958 | December 30 1961 | Nacionalista | 4th Congress | ||
| January 22 1962 | March 9 1962 | 5th Congress | |||||
| 11 | Cornelio Villareal Member for Capiz–2nd (1904–1992) | March 9 1962 | December 30 1965 | Liberal | |||
| January 17 1966 | February 2 1967 | 6th Congress | |||||
| (9) | Jose Laurel Jr. Member for Batangas–3rd (1912–1998) | February 2 1967 | July 17 1969 | Nacionalista | |||
| January 26 1970 | April 1 1971 | 7th Congress | |||||
| (11) | Cornelio Villareal Member for Capiz–2nd (1904–1992) | April 1 1971 | September 23 1972 | Liberal | |||
| Batasang Pambansa (1978–1986) | |||||||
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Party | Legislature | ||
| Took office | Left office | ||||||
| 12 | Querube Makalintal Member for Region IV (1910–2002) | June 12 1978 | June 30 1984 | KBL | Interim Batasang Pambansa | ||
| 13 | Nicanor Yñiguez Member for Southern Leyte (1915–2007) | July 23 1984 | March 25 1986 | KBL | Regular Batasang Pambansa | ||
| House of Representatives of the Republic of the Philippines (since 1987) | |||||||
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Party | Legislature | ||
| Took office | Left office | ||||||
| 14 | Ramon Mitra Jr. Member for Palawan–2nd (1928–2000) | July 27 1987 | June 30 1992 | LDP | 8th Congress | ||
| 15 | Jose de Venecia Jr. Member for Pangasinan–4th (born 1936) | July 27 1992 | June 30 1995 | Lakas | 9th Congress | ||
| July 24 1995 | June 30 1998 | 10th Congress | |||||
| 16 | Manny Villar Member for Las Piñas (born 1949) | July 27 1998 | November 13 2000 | LAMMP | 11th Congress | ||
| 17 | Arnulfo Fuentebella Member for Camarines Sur–3rd (1945–2020) | November 13 2000 | January 24 2001 | NPC | |||
| 18 | Feliciano Belmonte Jr. Member for Quezon City–4th (born 1936) | January 24 2001 | June 30 2001 | Lakas | |||
| (15) | Jose de Venecia Jr. Member for Pangasinan–4th (born 1936) | July 23 2001 | June 30 2004 | Lakas | 12th Congress | ||
| July 26 2004 | June 30 2007 | 13th Congress | |||||
| July 23 2007 | February 5 2008 | 14th Congress | |||||
| 19 | Prospero Nograles Member for Davao City–1st (1947–2019) | February 5 2008 | June 30 2010 | Lakas | |||
| (18) | Feliciano Belmonte Jr. Member for Quezon City–4th (born 1936) | July 26 2010 | June 30 2013 | Liberal | 15th Congress | ||
| July 22 2013 | June 30 2016 | 16th Congress | |||||
| 20 | Pantaleon Alvarez Member for Davao del Norte–1st (born 1958) | July 25 2016 | July 23 2018 | PDP–Laban | 17th Congress | ||
| 21 | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Member for Pampanga–2nd (born 1947) | July 23 2018 | June 30 2019 | PDP–Laban | |||
| 22 | Alan Peter Cayetano Member for Taguig–Pateros (born 1970) | July 22 2019 | October 12 2020 | Nacionalista | 18th Congress | ||
| 23 | Lord Allan Velasco Member for Marinduque (born 1977) | October 12 2020 | June 30 2022 | PDP–Laban | |||
| 24 | Martin Romualdez Member for Leyte–1st (born 1963) | July 25 2022 | Incumbent | Lakas | 19th Congress | ||
Speakers per region
| List of speakers per party (24 speakers)
|
Timeline
See also
Notes
- ^ By convention, the Speaker is an incumbent member of the House of Representatives. As such, they are limited to three consecutive terms of three years each (Article VI, Section 7 of the Constitution of the Philippines).