Wendy Sherman
Wendy Ruth Sherman (born June 7, 1949)[1] is an American diplomat who served as the United States deputy secretary of state from April 2021 to July 2023. She was a professor of the practice of public leadership and director of the Center for Public Leadership at the Harvard Kennedy School, a senior counselor at Albright Stonebridge Group, and a senior fellow at Harvard Kennedy School's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs.[2]
Wendy Sherman | |
|---|---|
Official portrait, 2021 | |
| 21st United States Deputy Secretary of State | |
| In office April 14, 2021 – July 28, 2023 | |
| President | Joe Biden |
| Preceded by | Stephen Biegun |
| Succeeded by | Victoria Nuland (acting) |
| Acting November 3, 2014 – January 9, 2015 | |
| President | Barack Obama |
| Preceded by | William J. Burns |
| Succeeded by | Antony Blinken |
| Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs | |
| In office September 21, 2011 – October 2, 2015 | |
| President | Barack Obama |
| Secretary | Hillary Clinton John Kerry |
| Preceded by | William J. Burns |
| Succeeded by | Thomas A. Shannon Jr. |
| Counselor of the United States Department of State | |
| In office August 6, 1997 – January 20, 2001 | |
| President | Bill Clinton |
| Preceded by | Tim Wirth |
| Succeeded by | Philip D. Zelikow |
| Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs | |
| In office May 12, 1993 – March 29, 1996 | |
| President | Bill Clinton |
| Preceded by | Janet G. Mullins Grissom |
| Succeeded by | Barbara Larkin |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Wendy Ruth Sherman June 7, 1949 Baltimore, Maryland, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Bruce Stokes |
| Children | 1 |
| Education | Smith College Boston University (BA) University of Maryland, Baltimore (MSW) |
Sherman, a social worker, served as the director of EMILY's List, the director of Maryland's office of child welfare, and the founding president of the Fannie Mae Foundation. During the Clinton administration, she served as counselor of the United States Department of State from 1997 to 2001. She was also a special advisor to President Bill Clinton and Secretary of State Madeleine Albright and North Korea policy coordinator. In the latter role, she was instrumental in negotiations related to North Korea's nuclear weapon and ballistic missile programs.[3]
Sherman served under Hillary Clinton and John Kerry as under secretary of state for political affairs from 2011 to 2015.[4][5] She was the fourth-ranking official in the U.S. Department of State.[6] In that role, Sherman was the lead negotiator for the Iran nuclear deal.[7] After winning the 2020 presidential election, Joe Biden nominated Sherman to serve as United States Deputy Secretary of State, under Antony Blinken.[8]
Early life and education Edit
Sherman was born in Baltimore, Maryland, to a Jewish family.[9][10] Her father, Malcolm Sherman,[11] a veteran of the U.S. Marines, was originally from Philadelphia.[12] While she was in elementary school, her family moved to Pikesville, Maryland, and Sherman attended Pikesville High School.[9] Sherman attended Smith College from 1967 to 1969, and graduated from Boston University in 1971 in the field of sociology and urban studies.[13] In 1976, she earned a master's degree in social work from the University of Maryland.[9]
Career Edit
Early career Edit
This section of a biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. (March 2022) |
Sherman, a social worker, began her career working to help women who had been abused and people in poverty.[14] She credits her skills in negotiations to her social work experience and education saying: “For me that core set of skills was in community organizing and clinical skills and I only half joke that those clinical skills have been very effective with both dictators and members of Congress . . . it does help to understand interpersonal relations and how people think and feel and have different sets of interests.”[15]
As part of the neighborhood movement, she worked as a social activist, alongside activists like Geno Baroni and Arthur Naparstek on problems related to low-income housing.[16]
Sherman's early jobs were in partisan politics and social work. These included working as the director of EMILY's List, which provides money to pro-choice, female, Democratic political candidates.[13] She also worked as director of Maryland's office of child welfare and as the president and CEO of the Fannie Mae Foundation, an arm of Fannie Mae.[13]
North Korea nuclear negotiations Edit
Wendy Sherman was the Clinton administration's policy coordinator for North Korea. The Clinton Administration had first arrived at the 1994 Agreed Framework under which North Korea agreed to freeze and dismantle its nuclear weapons program, including its main reactor at Yongbyon (Sherman continues to defend the 1994 deal and her involvement in it, stating that "during the Clinton administration not one ounce of plutonium was added to the North Korean stockpile").[17] Sherman later headed North Korean negotiation policy until 2001.[18][13] In 2001, following years of secret negotiations with Kim Jong Il, North Korea had promised not to produce, test or deploy missiles with a range of more than 300 miles. That offer would prevent North Korea from fielding missiles that could strike the United States. North Korea also offered to halt the sale of missiles, missile components, technology and training.[19]
In 2001, in a New York Times op-ed, Sherman recommended that the only way the US deal could deal with North Korea's disputed programs and prevent them achieving a nuclear capability was through diplomacy, writing that Kim Jong Il now "appears ready to make landmark commitments."[18]
In 1999, James Baker criticized her team's negotiating strategy with North Korea as "appeasement" that was rewarding the North Korean regime for minimal concessions, and he said that as a result they would fail to prevent their nuclear program.[20] In 2011, John Bolton said that Wendy Sherman had been central in forming a policy on North Korea that was "nothing less than appeasement."[21]
Private sector, political, think-tank career Edit
She has been a vice chair of Albright Stonebridge Group, Albright's international strategic consulting firm, since the group's formation in 2009. She advised Hillary Clinton during the 2008 presidential campaign, and she served with Thomas Donilon as an agency review lead for the State Department in the Obama presidential transition.
In 2015 she was named as one of The Forward 50.[22]
Sherman also sits on the Atlantic Council's board of directors.[23]
Fannie Mae Edit
From April 1996, Sherman became founding president and CEO of the newly created Fannie Mae Foundation, which was developed by Fannie Mae and endowed with $350 million in Fannie stock, with the goal of promoting home ownership and mortgages across wider sectors of American society. She has also been a member of the operating committee of Fannie Mae. At Fannie Mae, she set in place the groundwork for the newly recreated foundation.
In 1996, she described her mission as the first president of the Fannie Mae Foundation:
In other words, it is broadly reaching out to American citizens and saying to them: "You can have access to affordable housing. You might be able to get started on the path to homeownership, and we can at least give you some information that might help you get on your way."
In addition, two other programs came over. One is the New Americans Program, which is an effort to reach out to new citizens and immigrants to this country, because it was found in some research done in 1995 by Fannie Mae that immigrants who are renters are three times more likely to become homeowners than are other renters – because part of the American dream is to become a citizen and own your home.
The last piece is an initiative trying to end some of the discriminatory practices in the mortgage lending business. We have a beginning of a program, where we are going to work with community colleges and other partnerships to help folks take courses and get into the mortgage lending business, so that the people who sit across the table – they become loan officers – may look a little bit more like you, might understand your culture and your values.[16]
Under secretary of state for political affairs (2011–2015) Edit
On September 21, 2011, she was appointed to the position of under secretary of state for political affairs by Secretary Hillary Clinton.[24] In this capacity, Sherman led the US team during six negotiating rounds between Iran and six world powers about Tehran's nuclear program and was the fourth-highest ranking member of the department.
She was named part of a special task force by Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to implement recommendations to improve protections for foreign service personnel, as a result of the 2012 Benghazi attack.[25]
Sherman was critical of Benjamin Netanyahu's step back from a two-state solution, suggesting it could impact the United States' veto policy surrounding related resolutions at the United Nations.[26]
She was criticized by human rights organizations, including Amnesty International for praising Ethiopia for "strengthening its democracy" in wake of the 2015 elections - citing democratic backsliding and suppression of human rights.[27]
She played a role in negotiating the details behind the Syria peace talks of 2016.[28]
Chief nuclear negotiator with Iran Edit
In October 2013, before negotiations began in Geneva between Iran and the so-called "P5+1," she made a comment about the Iranian negotiating strategy in a Senate committee hearing. She said, "We know that deception is part of the DNA."[29] This caused her some trouble when a number of Iranian officials, including some members of the country's parliament, asked her to apologize.[30] She served as the lead negotiator for the United States in the agreement reached with Iran on July 14, 2015, in Vienna.[31]
Remarks on East Asia Edit
On February 27, 2015, Sherman told a conference at Carnegie Endowment for International Peace "The Koreans and Chinese have quarreled with Tokyo over so-called comfort women from World War II. There are disagreements about the content of history books and even the names given to various bodies of water. All this is understandable, but it can also be frustrating." She continued, "Of course, nationalist feelings can still be exploited, and it's not hard for a political leader anywhere to earn cheap applause by vilifying a former enemy. But such provocations produce paralysis, not progress." Her comments were condemned by South Korea, but an analyst at the Asan Institute for Policy Studies said the reaction to Ms. Sherman's remarks seemed excessive, and that her comments were in line with US policy.[32][33]
Deputy secretary of state (2021–2023) Edit
On January 16, 2021, President-elect Joe Biden formally nominated Sherman to serve as deputy secretary of state under Antony Blinken.[34] On March 11, 2021, her nomination was reported out of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.[35] Her nomination was approved by the full Senate on April 13, 2021, by a vote of 56 to 42. She is the first woman to hold the position.[36][37] She was sworn in to office on April 14, 2021.[38]
In December 2021, The Washington Post reported that Sherman lobbied to water down the language of the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act.[39]
In May 2023, Reuters reported that Sherman did not support stricter export control rules on Huawei and wished to revive Blinken's canceled visit to China following the 2023 Chinese balloon incident.[40] The same month, CNN reported that Sherman was expected to leave her post in the summer of 2023.[41] Sherman retired on July 28, 2023.[42]
Personal life Edit
Sherman is married to Bruce Stokes, a former journalist and director for Global Economic Attitudes at the Pew Research Center. They first met in 1978 for a discussion about low-income housing.[13][43] They have a daughter.
Selected works Edit
She is the author of Not for the Faint of Heart: Lessons in Courage, Power and Persistence, published by PublicAffairs in September 2018.[44]
References Edit
- ^ "Wendy R. Sherman". U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian. September 21, 2011. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
- ^ "Wendy R. Sherman". United States Department of State. Retrieved January 10, 2022.
- ^ Levkowitz, Alon (2014). "Negotiating with Iran:: Lessons from America's Failed Nuclear Accord with North Korea". Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Pazzanese, Christina (January 6, 2020). "Wendy Sherman on where we are as Iran shrugs off nuclear deal". Harvard Gazette. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ^ Carter, Cathy (February 17, 2020). "In Sarasota, Obama Official Talks Foreign Policy, Calls Killing Of Iranian General 'A Risk'". WUSF News. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ^ http://www.iop.harvard.edu/wendy-sherman , Harvard Kennedy School.
- ^ Wickenden, Dorothy (May 18, 2018). "An Architect of the Iran Deal Sees Her Work Crumbling". The New Yorker. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ^ "Wendy Sherman to be US deputy secretary of state".
- ^ a b c Hancock, Jay (July 21, 1999). "Confidante to Albright". The Baltimore Sun. p. 1A.
- ^ Jewish Telegraph Agency: "The top 13 Jewish newsmakers of 5775" By Julie Wiener August 26, 2015.
- ^ "Malcolm Sherman Obituary - Pikesville, MD | Baltimore Sun". Legacy.com.
- ^ Axelrod, David (March 23, 2017). "Interview with Wendy Sherman". The Axe Files. CNN.
- ^ a b c d e Sherman's March Yochi Dreazen, October 14, 2013, Foreign Policy magazine.
- ^ Confidante to Albright Jay Hancock, The Baltimore Sun, 1999.
- ^ "Amb. Wendy Sherman's "Not for the Faint of Heart"". www.hks.harvard.edu. December 18, 2019.
- ^ a b An Interview with Wendy R. Sherman Chester Hartmann, July/August 1996, Shelterforce Magazine, Issue 88 (National Housing Institute).
- ^ Politics and a Ruptured Tendon Don’t Faze Lead Iran Negotiator David E. Sanger, November 30, 2013, The New York Times.
- ^ a b Iran Follows in North Korea's Nuclear Shoes Claudia Rosett, The Wall Street Journal, November 19, 2013.
- ^ How Politics Sank Accord on Missiles With North Korea Michael R. Gordon, March 6, 2001, The New York Times.
- ^ North Korea Wins Again James A. Baker, March 1999, The New York Times.
- ^ John Bolton on Wendy Sherman By Jennifer Rubin, The Washington Post, June 15, 2011.
- ^ "Forward 50 2015". Forward.com. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
- ^ "Board of Directors". Atlantic Council. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
- ^ . United States Department of State. Archived from the original on October 18, 2011. Retrieved December 29, 2011.
- ^ "Benghazi attack review team seeks better protection of US foreign personnel, posts". December 19, 2012.
- ^ "Top US official intimates UN veto policy could change". The Times of Israel.
- ^ "Is Ethiopia about to get more than one opposition MP?". BBC News. May 21, 2015.
- ^ Cumming-Bruce, Nick; Gladstone, Rick (November 5, 2013). "Diplomats Fail to Agree on Details for Syria Peace Talks". The New York Times.
- ^ Richter, Paul (October 3, 2013). "State Dept. official urges Congress to delay new Iran sanctions". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ world, Young Journalists Club | Latest news of Iran and (October 23, 2013). "Lawmaker: Majlis wants to hear US apologize". en.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Inside the Iran nuclear deal". October 6, 2015.
- ^ "US diplomat angers Seoul with comments on regional tension". The Financial Times. February 27, 2015.
- ^ "Remarks on Northeast Asia". U. S. Department of State. February 27, 2015.
- ^ "Biden selects Wendy Sherman for No. 2 State Department post". The Hill. January 16, 2021.
- ^ "Business Meeting | United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations". www.foreign.senate.gov.
- ^ "Senate vote". US Senate.
- ^ "President-elect Biden Announces Key Nominations for the Department of State". Biden-Harris Transition. January 16, 2021.
- ^ @DeputySecState (April 21, 2021). "I'm honored by the trust placed in me by @POTUS , @VP , and @SecBlinken , and thrilled to serve as the 21st Deputy Secretary of State – and the first woman to do so. Follow me here for official updates on @StateDept 's work around the world" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ "White House says it isn't trying to weaken bill on China's Uyghurs". Reuters. December 4, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2023.
- ^ Martina, Michael (May 11, 2023). "Why the US delayed China sanctions after shooting down a spy balloon". Reuters. Retrieved May 12, 2023.
- ^ Atwood, Kylie (May 12, 2023). "Deputy Secretary of State Wendy Sherman expected to leave post this summer, sources say". CNN. Retrieved May 12, 2023.
- ^ "On the Retirement of Deputy Secretary Sherman". United States Department of State. Retrieved July 28, 2023.
- ^ Lefkoff, Merle (November 26, 2013). "Two Women, Catherine Ashton and Wendy Sherman, Key Shapers of Iran Deal". Foreign Policy In Focus. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
- ^ "Amb. Wendy Sherman's "Not for the Faint of Heart"". December 18, 2019.
External links Edit
- at the U.S. Department of State
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Capehart, Jonathan (September 25, 2018). "The 'courage, power and persistence' of Wendy Sherman". Washington Post.