Angolan Portuguese (Portuguese: Português de Angola) is a group of dialects and accents of the Portuguese language used mostly in Angola, where it is an official language. In 2005 it was used there by 60% of the population, including by 20% as their first language. The 2016 CIAWorld Fact Book reports that 12.3 million, or 47% of the population, speaks Portuguese as their first language. However, many parents raise their children to speak only Portuguese. The 2014 census found that 71% speak Portuguese at home, many of them alongside a Bantu language, breaking down to 85% in urban areas and 49% in rural areas.[2]
Angolan Portuguese
português angolano, português de Angola
Native to
Angola
Native speakers
12 million (48% of the population) (2016)[1] 26 million (71% of the population) spoke Portuguese at home, often alongside a Bantu language (2014 census)[2]
There are different stages of Portuguese in Angola in a similar manner to other Portuguese-speaking African countries. Some closely approximate Standard Portuguese pronunciation and are associated with the upper class and younger generations of urban background. Angola is the country with the second-highest number of Portuguese speakers, behind only Brazil.
The standard phonology in Angola is based on the European standard, as in the rest of Lusophone Africa. Vernacular accents share similarities with Brazilian Portuguese and these similar features have historical reasons. However, the contemporary Standard European Portuguese is the preferred pronunciation, as such it has become a transitional dialect somewhat midway between the European and Brazilian varieties.
The close central vowel /ɨ/ occurs only at final, unstressed syllables, e.g. presidente/pɾeziˈdẽtɨ/.
The open vowels /ɐ/ and /a/ merge to [a], and likewise /ɐ/ appears only in unstressed final syllables, unlike in European Portuguese, where it occurs in most unstressed syllables, e.g. rama/ˈʁamɐ/. The nasal /ɐ̃/ becomes open [ã].[6]
In vernacular varieties, the diphthong /ej/ is typically monophthongized to [e], e.g. sei/ˈsej/ < [ˈse].
In vernacular varieties, the diphthong /ow/ is typically monophthongized to [o], e.g. sou/ˈsow/ < [ˈso].
Consonantsedit
/ɲ/ is often realised as [j̃], e.g. ninho[ˈnĩj̃u], and nasalizes the vowel that precedes it.
Word-final /r/ ([ɾ,ʁ]) is dropped, especially by people who speak Portuguese as their second language.
Lexiconedit
Although most of the vocabulary is the same as in Portugal, Brazil or Mozambique, there are differences, many due to the influence of African languages spoken in Angola. In the capital, Luanda, indigenous languages are practically nonexistent.
Angola
Portugal
Brazil
Translation
bazar
ir embora, bazar (slang)
ir embora, vazar (slang)
to go away/home
garina
rapariga, miúda, gaja (slang)
garota, guria (in the south)
girl
jinguba
amendoim, alcagoita
amendoim
peanut
machimbombo, autocarro
autocarro
ônibus
bus
musseque
bairro de lata
favela
slum quarter
Examples of words borrowed from Kimbundu into Angolan Portuguese include:
Sign in Portuguese at the Avenida de Lenin (Lenin avenue) in Luanda
Many words of Angolan origin are used in other variants of Portuguese. Among these words are bunda (backside or "bottom"); fuba [fubá in Brazil] (maize flour); moleque ("kid"); kizomba and kuduro.
Various aspects of Brazilian culture – samba, candomblé and capoeira – all bear linguistic traces of this contact.
In Portugal, Angolan Portuguese has had a large influence on the vernacular of the younger population, contributing significant amounts of lexicon. Examples include:
bazar ("to go away/home")
garina ("girl")
bumbar ("to work" in Angola, "to party" in Portugal; sometimes spelt as bombar)
bué ("many", "a lot")
iá ("yes")
Many of these words and expression made their way to Portugal through immigration of black Angolans as a result of the Angolan civil war.
^ ab"Angola: Português é falado por 71,15% de angolanos (censo de 2014)" [Angola: Portuguese is Spoken by 71.15% of Angolans (2014 Census)]. Observatório da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese). Lusa. April 7, 2016.
^"Portuguese". IANA language subtag registry. 16 October 2005. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
^"Angola". IANA language subtag registry. 16 October 2005. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
Di Gregorio, Anete Mariza Torres (2006). [Linguistic Features in Angolan Portuguese]. Revista Philologus (in Portuguese). 11 (34). Archived from the original on 2007-06-22.
Undolo, Márcio (2014). "Caracterização do sistema vocálico do português culto falado em Angola" [Characterization of the Vowel System of Learned Portuguese Spoken in Angola]. Revista de Filología Románica (in Portuguese). 31 (2): 181–187. doi:10.5209/rev_RFRM.2014.v31.n2.51071.
External linksedit
Cátedra "Português Língua Segunda e Estrangeira" — Bibliografia sobre o Português de Angola (in Portuguese). Cátedra de Português Língua Segunda e Estrangeira. — Bibliography on Angolan Portuguese
O Português na África — Angola (in Portuguese). www.linguaportuguesa.ufrn.br
Queta, Clemêncio. (in Portuguese). Jornal de Angola.
December 04, 2023
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Angolan Portuguese news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2016 Learn how and when to remove this template message Angolan Portuguese Portuguese Portugues de Angola is a group of dialects and accents of the Portuguese language used mostly in Angola where it is an official language In 2005 it was used there by 60 of the population including by 20 as their first language The 2016 CIA World Fact Book reports that 12 3 million or 47 of the population speaks Portuguese as their first language However many parents raise their children to speak only Portuguese The 2014 census found that 71 speak Portuguese at home many of them alongside a Bantu language breaking down to 85 in urban areas and 49 in rural areas 2 Angolan Portugueseportugues angolano portugues de AngolaNative toAngolaNative speakers12 million 48 of the population 2016 1 26 million 71 of the population spoke Portuguese at home often alongside a Bantu language 2014 census 2 Language familyIndo European ItalicRomanceWestern RomanceIbero RomanceWest IberianGalician PortuguesePortugueseAngolan PortugueseWriting systemLatin Portuguese alphabet Portuguese BrailleOfficial statusOfficial language in AngolaRegulated byAcademia Angolana de LetrasLanguage codesISO 639 3 GlottologNoneIETFpt AO sup id cite ref wikidata 901c9ac1cc9cba694fb5d10258f0dbf3d7ef056a v9 3 0 class reference a href cite note wikidata 901c9ac1cc9cba694fb5d10258f0dbf3d7ef056a v9 3 3 a sup sup id cite ref wikidata cb6b5d21160f2f3a27e9953b345846f9935ab00b v9 4 0 class reference a href cite note wikidata cb6b5d21160f2f3a27e9953b345846f9935ab00b v9 4 4 a sup There are different stages of Portuguese in Angola in a similar manner to other Portuguese speaking African countries Some closely approximate Standard Portuguese pronunciation and are associated with the upper class and younger generations of urban background Angola is the country with the second highest number of Portuguese speakers behind only Brazil Contents 1 Phonology 1 1 Vowels 1 2 Consonants 2 Lexicon 3 Impact 4 See also 5 References 6 Bibliography 7 External linksPhonology editThe standard phonology in Angola is based on the European standard as in the rest of Lusophone Africa Vernacular accents share similarities with Brazilian Portuguese and these similar features have historical reasons However the contemporary Standard European Portuguese is the preferred pronunciation as such it has become a transitional dialect somewhat midway between the European and Brazilian varieties Vowels edit Oral vowels 5 Front Central BackClose i ɨ uClose mid e oOpen mid ɛ ɐ ɔOpen a Nasal vowels 5 Front Central BackClose ĩ ũMid ẽ oOpen a Oral diphthongs Endpoint i u Start point a aj aw ɛ ɛj ɛw e ej ew i iw ɔ ɔj o oj u uj Nasal diphthongs Endpoint j w Start point a aj aw ẽ ẽj o oj ũ ũjThe close central vowel ɨ occurs only at final unstressed syllables e g presidente pɾeziˈdẽtɨ The open vowels ɐ and a merge to a and likewise ɐ appears only in unstressed final syllables unlike in European Portuguese where it occurs in most unstressed syllables e g rama ˈʁamɐ The nasal ɐ becomes open a 6 In vernacular varieties the diphthong ej is typically monophthongized to e e g sei ˈsej lt ˈse In vernacular varieties the diphthong ow is typically monophthongized to o e g sou ˈsow lt ˈso Consonants edit ɲ is often realised as j e g ninho ˈnĩj u and nasalizes the vowel that precedes it Word final r ɾ ʁ is dropped especially by people who speak Portuguese as their second language Lexicon editAlthough most of the vocabulary is the same as in Portugal Brazil or Mozambique there are differences many due to the influence of African languages spoken in Angola In the capital Luanda indigenous languages are practically nonexistent Angola Portugal Brazil Translationbazar ir embora bazar slang ir embora vazar slang to go away homegarina rapariga miuda gaja slang garota guria in the south girljinguba amendoim alcagoita amendoim peanutmachimbombo autocarro autocarro onibus busmusseque bairro de lata favela slum quarterExamples of words borrowed from Kimbundu into Angolan Portuguese include cubata house muamba chicken stew quinda basket umbanda milongo medicine quituxe crime Impact edit nbsp Sign in Portuguese at the Avenida de Lenin Lenin avenue in LuandaMany words of Angolan origin are used in other variants of Portuguese Among these words are bunda backside or bottom fuba fuba in Brazil maize flour moleque kid kizomba and kuduro Various aspects of Brazilian culture samba candomble and capoeira all bear linguistic traces of this contact In Portugal Angolan Portuguese has had a large influence on the vernacular of the younger population contributing significant amounts of lexicon Examples include bazar to go away home garina girl bumbar to work in Angola to party in Portugal sometimes spelt as bombar bue many a lot ia yes Many of these words and expression made their way to Portugal through immigration of black Angolans as a result of the Angolan civil war See also editPortuguese language in Africa Sao Tomean Portuguese Kimbundu Cape Verdean Portuguese Televisao Publica de AngolaReferences edit Ethnologue report on Angola a b Angola Portugues e falado por 71 15 de angolanos censo de 2014 Angola Portuguese is Spoken by 71 15 of Angolans 2014 Census Observatorio da Lingua Portuguesa in Portuguese Lusa April 7 2016 Portuguese IANA language subtag registry 16 October 2005 Retrieved 11 January 2019 Angola IANA language subtag registry 16 October 2005 Retrieved 11 January 2019 a b Undolo 2014 p 185 Undolo 2014 p 183 Bibliography editDi Gregorio Anete Mariza Torres 2006 Particularidades linguisticas no portugues de Angola Linguistic Features in Angolan Portuguese Revista Philologus in Portuguese 11 34 Archived from the original on 2007 06 22 Undolo Marcio 2014 Caracterizacao do sistema vocalico do portugues culto falado em Angola Characterization of the Vowel System of Learned Portuguese Spoken in Angola Revista de Filologia Romanica in Portuguese 31 2 181 187 doi 10 5209 rev RFRM 2014 v31 n2 51071 External links editCatedra Portugues Lingua Segunda e Estrangeira Bibliografia sobre o Portugues de Angola in Portuguese Catedra de Portugues Lingua Segunda e Estrangeira Bibliography on Angolan Portuguese O Portugues na Africa Angola in Portuguese www linguaportuguesa ufrn br Queta Clemencio Alguns aspectos da lingua portuguesa em Angola in Portuguese Jornal de Angola Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Angolan Portuguese amp oldid 1161614835, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
