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Alibaba Group

February 16, 2024

"Kaola" redirects here. For the animal, see koala.

Alibaba Group Holding Limited, or Alibaba (Chinese: 阿里巴巴), is a Chinese multinational technology company specializing in e-commerce, retail, Internet, and technology. Founded on 28 June 1999[1] in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, the company provides consumer-to-consumer (C2C), business-to-consumer (B2C), and business-to-business (B2B) sales services via Chinese and global marketplaces, as well as local consumer, digital media and entertainment, logistics and cloud computing services. It owns and operates a diverse portfolio of companies around the world in numerous business sectors.

Alibaba Group Holding Limited
"Taobao City", the main corporate campus of Alibaba Group at Xixi, Hangzhou
Native name
阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司
Company typePublic
ISINUS01609W1027
Industry
Founded28 June 1999; 24 years ago (1999-06-28)[1]
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
FounderJack Ma
HeadquartersNo. 969 West Wen Yi Road[2],
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Services
Revenue CN¥868.687 billion[6] (US$126.49 billion, 2023)
CN¥100.351 billion[6] (US$14.612 billion, 2023)
CN¥65.573 billion[6] (US$9.548 billion, 2023)
Total assets CN¥1.753 trillion[6] (US$255.263 billion, 2023)
Total equity CN¥1.113 trillion[6] (US$162.07 billion, 2023)
OwnerSoftBank Group (23.9%[7])
Number of employees
235,216[6] (July 2023)
SubsidiariesSee companies and affiliated entities
WebsiteOfficial website
Footnotes / references
[8][6]
Alibaba Group
"Alibaba" in Chinese characters.
Simplified Chinese阿里巴巴集团
Traditional Chinese阿里巴巴集團
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinĀlǐbābā Jítuán
Bopomofoㄚ ㄌㄧˇ ㄅㄚ ㄅㄚ ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄨㄢˊ
Gwoyeu RomatzyhAliibaba Jyitwan
Wade–GilesA1li3pa1pa1 Chi2t'uan2
IPA[á.lì.pá.pá tɕǐ.tʰwǎn]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationAléihbābā Jaahptyùhn
JyutpingAa3leoi5baa1baa1 Zaap6tyun4

On 19 September 2014, Alibaba's initial public offering (IPO) on the New York Stock Exchange raised US$25 billion, giving the company a market value of US$231 billion and, by far, then the largest IPO in world history.[9] It is one of the top 10 most valuable corporations,[10] and is named the 31st-largest public company in the world on the Forbes Global 2000 2020 list.[11] In January 2018, Alibaba became the second Asian company to break the US$500 billion valuation mark, after its competitor Tencent.[12] As of 2022, Alibaba has the ninth-highest global brand valuation.[13]

Alibaba is one of the world's largest retailers and e-commerce companies. In 2020, it was also rated as the fifth-largest artificial intelligence company.[14] It is also one of the biggest venture capital firms and investment corporations in the world, as well as the second largest financial services group behind Visa via its fintech arm Ant Group. The company hosts the largest B2B (Alibaba.com), C2C (Taobao), and B2C (Tmall) marketplaces in the world.[15] It has been expanding into the media industry, with revenues rising by triple percentage points year after year.[16] It also set the record on the 2018 edition of China's Singles' Day, the world's biggest online and offline shopping day.[17]

Naming edit

The company's name came from the character Ali Baba from the Middle Eastern folk-tale collection One Thousand and One Nights because of its universal appeal.[18] As Jack Ma, one of the founders, replied to Lorraine Hahn on TalkAsia:

One day I was in San Francisco in a coffee shop, and I was thinking Alibaba is a good name. And then a waitress came, and I said do you know about Alibaba? And she said yes. I said what do you know about Alibaba, and she said 'Open Sesame.' And I said yes, this is the name! Then I went onto the street and found 30 people and asked them, 'Do you know Alibaba'? People from India, people from Germany, people from Tokyo and China... They all knew about Alibaba. Alibaba -- open sesame. Alibaba -- 40 thieves. Alibaba is not a thief. Alibaba is a kind, smart business person, and he helped the village. So...easy to spell, and global know. Alibaba opens sesame for small- to medium-sized companies. We also registered the name AliMama, in case someone wants to marry us![19]

History edit

Early years edit

On 28 June 1999,[1] Jack Ma, with 17 friends and students founded Alibaba.com, a China-based B2B marketplace site, in his Hangzhou apartment. In October 1999, Alibaba received a US$25 million investment from Swedish Wallenberg family's Investor AB,[20] Goldman Sachs and SoftBank. In 1999, Wallenbergs Investor AB owned 6% of the shares.[20] Alibaba.com was expected to improve the domestic e-commerce market and perfect an e-commerce platform for Chinese enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), to help export Chinese products to the global market as well as to address World Trade Organization (WTO) challenges. In 2002, Alibaba.com became profitable three years after launch. Ma wanted to improve the global e-commerce system, so from 2003 onward, Alibaba launched Taobao Marketplace, Alipay, Alimama.com, and Lynx.[21][22]

When eBay announced its expansion into China in 2003, Ma viewed the American company as a foreign competitor and rejected eBay's buyout of Alibaba's subsidiary Taobao. By applying existing technologies, gaining trust in the Chinese e-commerce market, and expanding through dominating the market at a loss before making a return on additional services, Alibaba's subsidiaries outperformed eBay in the Chinese e-commerce market, claiming a growing percentage of consumers from eBay. Alibaba subsidiary Taobao would later force eBay out of the Chinese market, with eBay closing its unprofitable China Web unit, though the two companies would break even six years later.[21][23][24]

Expansion edit

In 2005, Yahoo! invested in Alibaba through a variable interest entity (VIE) structure, buying a 40% stake in the company for US$1 billion.[21][24] This would as a result net in US$10 billion in Alibaba's IPO alone to Yahoo!.[23][25] In 2012, China Investment Corporation led a group of Chinese investors in buying out Yahoo!'s 40% stake and in buying the Alibaba shares that had traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.[26]: 130 

According to Li Chuan, a senior executive at Alibaba, the company was planning in 2013 to open traditional brick and mortar retail outlets in partnership with Wanda Group, a Chinese real estate company.[27] Additionally, Alibaba purchased a 25% stake in Hong Kong-listed Chinese department store chain Intime Retail in early 2014.[28] In early 2017, Alibaba and Intime's founder Shen Guojun agreed to pay as much as HK$19.8 billion (US$2.6 billion) to take the store chain private. Alibaba's stake—28% from 2014's US$692 million investment—would rise to about 74% after the deal.[29]

In April 2014, Alibaba invested in Lyft, along with Coatue Management, and Andreessen Horowitz; they led a US$250 million Series D financing round.[24][30] On 5 June 2014, Alibaba bought a 50% stake of Guangzhou Evergrande F.C. from Evergrande Real Estate Group Ltd. in a deal that was worth 1.2 billion yuan (US$192 million).[24][31] On 5 September 2014, the group—in a regulatory filing with the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)—set a US$60- to $66- per-share price range for its scheduled initial public offering (IPO), the final price of which would be determined after an international roadshow to gauge the investor interest in Alibaba shares to shareholders. On 18 September 2014, Alibaba's IPO priced at US$68, raising US$21.8 billion for the company and investors. Alibaba was the biggest US IPO in history, bigger than Google, Facebook, and Twitter combined.[32][33][34] On 19 September 2014, Alibaba's shares (BABA) began trading on the NYSE at an opening price of $92.70 at 11:55 am EST. On 22 September 2014, Alibaba's underwriters announced their confirmation that they had exercised a greenshoe option to sell 15% more shares than originally planned, boosting the total amount of the IPO to $25 billion.[35][36]

Alibaba and the underwriters of its IPO were sued in a California superior court in a consolidated class action lawsuit.[37] The lawsuit was filed in October 2015 on behalf of investors who purchased Alibaba's American depositary shares alleging violations of the Securities Act.[38] Alibaba reached a settlement agreement in December 2018, subject to court approval, in which it agreed to pay $75 million to settle the lawsuit.[37][39][40]

In January 2017, Alibaba and the International Olympic Committee jointly announced an $800 million deal that would last until 2028 where the company would sponsor the Olympic Games.[24][41] In September 2018, Jack Ma, the main founder of Alibaba, announced that he would step down as chairman in a year's time so he could focus on philanthropy.[42] In response to the announcement, The Economist stated that Ma had a significant impact in China and worldwide via contributions and dedication to various businesses.[43]

Listing edit

In May 2019, Bloomberg cited sources familiar with the matter as saying that Alibaba was considering raising $20 billion through a second listing in Hong Kong.[44] In November 2019, Alibaba raised 12.9 billion in its secondary listing in Hong Kong, which became the world's largest offering that year.[45] On Tuesday, 10 September 2019, Jack Ma officially stepped down as the chairman of Alibaba, Daniel Zhang succeeded him at the head of the company.

In November 2020, The Wall Street Journal reported that President Xi Jinping personally scuttled Jack Ma's Ant Group IPO.[46] Bo Zhuang, chief China economist at TS Lombard said that the suspension "forms part of a wider political drive as the leadership seeks to widen and consolidate its control over finance and technology".[47] What followed was an unexpected Chinese government-released draft on 10 November 2020, which gives regulatory authorities a wider latitude to regulate their biggest tech enterprises.[48][49]

In December 2020, the shares of Alibaba Group suffered a historic stock price crash to the lowest close in around 6 months, following the antitrust investigation into the company by Chinese regulators.[50] In December 2020, China's State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) stated that it opened an investigation into Alibaba over monopolistic practices.[51][52] The country's central bank, as well as three other regulators, confirmed in a separate statement that the affiliated Ant Group would also be summoned for discussions over "competition and consumer rights", where regulators instructed the company to return its focus to digital-payments.[53] People's Daily, the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, endorsed the investigation shortly after the announcement, claiming the investigation to be "an important step in strengthening antimonopoly oversight in the internet sphere".[54][55] As a result, from the antitrust probe, Alibaba lost nearly all of its stock-market gains in 2020, from $859 billion to $586 billion, by the end of December.[56] Jack Ma, co-founder of both Alibaba and Ant Group, vanished from public view when Ant's IPO was suspended in early November,[57] but resurfaced in January 2021 in a 50-second video, appearing briefly via video link at the digitally facilitated Rural Teacher Initiative. As of February 2021, he has yet to be seen in public.[58] The video appearance caused Alibaba stock to jump more than 7%.[59] Jack Ma made a public appearance in Hangzhou, China in March 2023 where he met with students and teachers at the Alibaba partners-funded Yungu School.[60]

In February 2021, Alibaba sold $5 billion in bonds, the company's third large sale of dollar bonds, issuing four sets priced to yield between 2.143% and 3.251%. The four sets of bonds were $1.5 billion of both 10-year and 30-year debt along with $1 billion of bonds due in 20 and 40 years. The 20-year bonds were designated as sustainability notes.[61][62][63]

On 9 April 2021, as part of a Chinese crackdown on big tech, SAMR issued a $2.8 billion fine against Alibaba for anti-competitive practices and ordered Alibaba to file self-examination and compliance reports to the SAMR for three years. This amounted to 12% 3 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine of its 2020 net profit. Critics say the move tightens the Chinese's governments control of tech companies.[64][65][66]

On 11 November 2021, it was reported that over the course of its 11-day Singles' Day sales extravaganza, Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba Group Holding received a record 540.3 billion yuan (S$114.4 billion) in orders, a 14 percent increase over the previous year.[67]

In July 2022, the SEC added Alibaba to a list of companies facing delisting from U.S. stock exchanges if its auditors remain unable to examine Alibaba's books before 2024.[68]

In December 2022, a state-owned enterprise of the China Internet Investment Fund, established by the Cyberspace Administration of China, took a 1 percent golden share investment in two Alibaba subsidiaries that control Youku and UCWeb.[69]

Restructuring edit

In March 2023, Alibaba announced their "1+6+N" restructuring plan, which reorganized its business structure into six independently run entities: Cloud Intelligence Group, Taobao and Tmall Group, Cainiao Smart Logistics Network, Local Services group, Alibaba International Digital Commerce, and the Digital Media and Entertainment group.[70][71] Each business unit would have their own CEO and board of directors and be able to seek their own fundraising and market listings.[72] Under the new "1+6+N" structure, Alibaba also established a Capital Management Committee and a Compliance and Risk Committee.[73] The Wall Street Journal reported on 30 March that Jack Ma engineered this in talks with company CEO Daniel Zhang while he was overseas.[74]

In September 2023, Cainiao Smart Logistics Network Ltd., the logistics arm of Alibaba Group, has filed for its Hong Kong initial public offering, potentially making it among the first of the Chinese e-commerce leader's units to go public.[75]

Companies and affiliated entities edit

E-commerce and retail service platforms edit

 
Alibaba group headquarters
 
Alibaba Binjiang Campus in Hangzhou, headquarters for Alibaba's B2B service[76]

In 1999, Jack Ma launched the primary business of Alibaba, Alibaba.com, while working as an English teacher in Hangzhou. Alibaba.com later became the world's largest online B2B trading platform for small businesses as of 2014.[77] Alibaba.com has three main services: the English language portal Alibaba.com, which handles sales between importers and exporters from more than 240 countries and regions,[78] the Chinese portal 1688.com, which manages domestic B2B trade in China, and AliExpress.com, a global consumer marketplace.[79] Alibaba.com went public at the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2007, and was delisted again in 2012.[80] In 2013, 1688.com launched a direct channel that was responsible for $30 million in daily transaction value.[81]

In 2003, Alibaba launched Taobao Marketplace (淘宝网), offering a variety of products for retail sales. Taobao grew to become China's largest C2C online shopping platform and later became the second most visited web site in China, according to Alexa Internet.[82][83] Taobao's growth was attributed to offering free registration and commission-free transactions using a free third-party payment platform.[84] Advertising made up 75 percent of the company's total revenue, allowing it to break even in 2009. In 2010, Taobao's profit was estimated to be ¥1.5 billion (US$235.7 million), which was only about 0.4 percent of their total sales figure of ¥400 billion (US$62.9 billion) that year, way below the industry average of 2 percent, according to iResearch estimates.[84] According to Zhang Yu, the director of Taobao, between 2011 and 2013, the number of stores on Taobao with annual sales under ¥100 thousand increased by 60%; the number of stores with sales between ¥10 thousand and ¥1 million increased by 30%, and the number of stores with sales over ¥1 million increased by 33%.[85]

In April 2008, Taobao introduced a spin-off, Taobao Mall (淘宝商城, later Tmall.com), an online retail platform to complement the Taobao C2C portal, offering global brands to an increasingly affluent Chinese consumer base. It became the eighth most visited web site in China as of 2013.[86] In 2012, Tmall.com later changed its Chinese name to Tianmao (天猫, "sky cat"), reflecting Tmall's Chinese pronunciation.[87] In March 2010, Taobao launched the group shopping website Juhuasuan (聚划算), offering "flash sales", which are products that are available at a discount for only a fixed time period. In October 2010, Taobao beta-launched eTao, a comparison shopping website that offers search results from mostly Chinese online shopping platforms,[88] including product searches, sales and coupon searches. According to the Alibaba Group web site, eTao offers products from Amazon China, Dangdang, Gome, Yihaodian, Nike China, and Vancl, as well as Taobao and Tmall.[78] As part of a restructuring of Taobao by Alibaba, these spin-offs became separate companies in 2011, with Tmall and eTao becoming separate businesses in June and Juhuasuan becoming a separate business later in October.[89]

In 2010, Alibaba launched AliExpress.com, an online retail service made up of mostly small Chinese businesses offering products to international online buyers. It is the most visited e-commerce platform in Russia.[90] It allows small businesses in China to sell to customers all over the world, resulting in a wide variety of products. It might be more accurate to compare AliExpress to eBay, though, as sellers are independent; it simply serves as a host for other businesses to sell to consumers.[91] Similar to eBay, sellers on Aliexpress can be either companies or individuals. It connects Chinese businesses directly with buyers. The main difference from Taobao is that it's aimed primarily at international buyers, mainly the US, Russia, Brazil and Spain.[92]

On 11 June 2014, Alibaba launched US shopping site 11 Main. The 11 Main marketplace hosts more than 1,000 merchants in categories such as clothing, fashion accessories and jewelry as well as interior goods and arts and crafts and it plans to keep adding more, said the company.[93][94] On 23 June 2015, Alibaba announced that it is selling 11 Main to OpenSky, an online-marketplace operator based in New York.[95]

 
Lazada warehouse in Cabuyao, Laguna, Philippines during the company's 11.11 sale promotion in 2018. Lazada Group is a subsidiary of Alibaba Group and Alibaba co-founder Lucy Peng Lei is CEO of the company.

In February 2015, Alibaba invests US$590 million in Meizu, acquiring an undisclosed minority stake.[96]

In June 2015, Alibaba started a joint venture Koubei with its affiliate Ant Financial Group to tap China's fast-growing local services market, each investing approximately US$483 million into the business for an equal equity stake.

In April 2016, Alibaba announced that it intended to acquire a controlling interest in Lazada by paying $500 million for new shares and buying $500M worth of shares from existing investors.[97] Lazada Group is a Singaporean e-commerce company founded by Rocket Internet in 2011. Lazada operates sites in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its sites launched in March 2012, with a business model of selling inventory to customers from its own warehouses. In 2013 it added a marketplace model that allowed third-party retailers to sell their products through Lazada's site. Lazada features a wide product offering in categories ranging from consumer electronics to household goods, toys, fashion and sports equipment. In March 2018, Alibaba announced its plan to invest an additional $2 billion in the company, totaling a $4 billion investment. Alibaba also plans to appoint Alibaba co-founder Lucy Peng as Lazada's new CEO.[98] In October 2016, Alibaba launched Alitrip, later named Fliggy, an online travel platform that is designed as an online mall for brands such as airline companies and agencies.[99][100] Fliggy set the target audience as the younger generation and it strives to become a one-stop service when they plan their trips, particularly in overseas travel.[101] On 7 August 2017, Alibaba Group and Marriott International hotel group announced a comprehensive strategic co-operation. Two companies will set up a joint venture company. Through the docking technology system and the superiority resources, Fliggy has Marriott hotel flagship store. It has the same function with Marriott Chinese website and Marriott mobile app to create the best global travel experience for consumers.[102]

In 2016, the Office of the United States Trade Representative added Taobao back onto a list of notorious counterfeit platforms that includes the likes of torrent site The Pirate Bay.[103] Alibaba denied wrongdoing and filed two lawsuits against the counterfeiters as of January 4, 2017,[104] but brands whose sales have been affected by the counterfeit products accused Alibaba of not doing enough.[105]

In 2017, Alibaba started opening a chain of supermarkets, named Freshippo (or Hema (盒马, lit. box horse)), as part of the company's "new retail strategy," where customers can either order in the store or online for delivery in under 30 minutes. It offers a mobile app that recommends customers products based on data analytics.[106] In addition, customers can have their groceries cooked to eat in the food court of the supermarket.[107]

In October 2018, it was reported that Alibaba's Koubei have merged with online food delivery service platform Ele.me into a new local life service subsidiary.[108][109] However, the newly formed Alibaba Local Life Service entity experienced major competition from local service giant Meituan, which is backed by Tencent, leading to rumours of planned layoffs in 2022.[110]

In September 2019, Alibaba announced it would acquire Chinese e-commerce platform Kaola from NetEase for around US$2 billion.[111] In October 2020, Alibaba agreed to pay US$3.6 billion to take control of China's biggest hypermarket operator Sun Art (SEHK: 6808) from French billionaire Mulliez family. The deal doubled the group's stake in the hypermarket chain with a tootles ownership of 72%.[112]

Gold Supplier membership edit

Alibaba.com offers a paid Gold Supplier membership to try to ensure that each seller is genuine; sellers' Gold Supplier status and the number of years it has been held are displayed.[113] The supplier verification types and checks are listed on Alibaba.com's website, with more stringent checks for sellers outside China.[114] While the majority of suppliers are reported to be genuine,[citation needed] there have been many cases of sellers, some with Gold Supplier status, seeking to defraud unsuspecting buyers.[115] In February 2011, controversy ensued when Alibaba's corporate office admitted that it had granted the mark of integrity of its "China Gold Supplier" program to more than 2,000 dealers that had subsequently defrauded buyers; the firm's share price dropped "abruptly" after the announcement.[116] A statement from the firm reported that Yan Limin, the general manager of Alibaba.com at the time, had been dismissed in March for "misconduct"; Phil Muncaster of UK's The Register additionally reported that "a further 28 employees had been involved in dodgy dealings".[117]

As The Economist noted, the company's response has conflicting components: Alibaba's promulgated view that its corrective actions indicate its commitment to quality and integrity (where it contrasts itself with other scandal-associated Chinese business sectors), versus a damage control view suggesting that the subscription-driven, third-party verified "China Gold Supplier" program was endangered by diminished trust in its endorsement system, removing the incentive for global buyers to choose Alibaba as their business-to-business service, thus more broadly endangering Alibaba through impact on its brand and capabilities (the latter via the "defenestration of senior people").[116] The scandal was said to have placed the head of Alibaba Group, Jack Ma—who was described as having been furious over the scandal—in a position to personally fight to win back trust.[118]

Smart logistics edit

In 2013, Alibaba and six large Chinese logistics companies (including SF Express) established a company called Cainiao for delivery of packages in China. This network gradually grew to 14 local logistics companies in 2014.[119] In 2016, Alibaba's Taobao and Tmall, two of the world's largest and most popular online retail marketplaces, achieved a total transaction volume of 3 trillion yuan (US$478.6 billion). The company aims to double the transaction volume to 6 trillion yuan by 2020. As of February 2018, Taobao reached 580 million monthly active users, while Tmall achieved 500 million monthly active users.[120][121][122] It is also rapidly expanding its e-commerce network abroad.[123] Alibaba has also announced that it will invest 100 billion yuan over five years to build a global logistics network, underpinning an aggressive overseas expansion, and demonstrating Alibaba's commitment to building the most efficient logistics network in China and around the world. It is investing a further 5.3 billion yuan in Cainiao Logistics to boost its stake to 51 percent from 47 percent.[124] The investment would value Cainiao, a joint venture of top Chinese logistics firms, at around US$20 billion.[125]

Alibaba uses Cainiao software at its Belgian-European sales hub. The software is able to access data about retailers, products, transport details and flows, a person familiar with the company's IT systems told the British newspaper Financial Times. Chinese companies are legally obliged to pass on their data to China's authorities and security services.[126] The Belgium State Security Service is monitoring the hub in Lütich because of this fact and possible espionage.[127][128] According to the Financial Times, Cainiao denied suggestions of wrongdoing, noting that the firm operates in compliance with relevant laws and regulations.[129]

Cloud computing and artificial intelligence technology edit

In conjunction with the company's 10th anniversary, Alibaba launched Alibaba Cloud in September 2009, aiming to build a cloud computing service platform, including e-commerce data mining, e-commerce data processing, and data customization.[78] It has R&D centres and operators in Hangzhou, Beijing, Hong Kong, Singapore, Silicon Valley[130] and Dubai.[131] In July 2014, Alibaba Cloud entered into a partnership deal with Inspur. Alibaba Cloud is the largest high-end cloud computing company in China.[132] In 2009, Alibaba acquired HiChina, the largest domain registration service and web hosting service company in China, and built it into Alibaba Cloud.[133] On 28 July 2011, Alibaba Cloud released AliOS (formerly Yun OS and Aliyun OS), a Linux distribution designed for mobile devices.[134] In the 2017 Computing Conference in Hangzhou, Alibaba launched AliGenie, a China-based open-platform intelligent personal assistant. It is currently used in the Tmall Genie smart speaker.[135]

In 2018, Alibaba's Wanli Min presented City Brain,[136] a technology geared towards urban solutions such as streamlining traffic, detecting accidents and improving transport efficiency.[137][138]

On 27 July 2019, Alibaba unveiled a 64-bit RISC-V processor called the XuanTie-910 (Black Iron 910). It is a 12 nm 16-core with a clockrate of 2.5 GHz, and was designed by Alibaba's subsidiary T-Head (also known as Pingtouge). Alibaba claim the Xuantie-910 is faster than the ARM Cortex-A73 and is capable of 7.1 Coremark/MHz.[139][140][141][142]

On 25 September 2019, Alibaba announced an AI accelerator called the Hanguang 800. The Hanguang 800 contains 17 billion transistors built with a 12 nm process and was designed by T-Head and DAMO Academy (Alibaba's research team). Alibaba claim it is capable of 78,563 images per second (IPS) inference and 500 IPS/W in ResNet-50. The Hanguang 800 will be available to be rented on Alibaba Cloud.[143][144][145]

In April 2023, Alibaba revealed its plans to release Tongyi Qianwen, a ChatGPT-like chatbot. Its name means "seeking an answer by asking a thousand questions". This AI product, which can support both English and Chinese languages, will be incorporated into the company's various business operations. It will initially be integrated into the messaging app, DingTalk, and the voice-activated smart speaker, Tmall Genie. According to Alibaba, drafting emails, creating business proposals, and converting meeting dialogues into written notes are among Tongyi Qianwen's capabilities. Media reported that the company has received more than 200,000 requests from businesses to join its beta testing program, from industries as varied as fintech, electronics, transport, fashion and dairy farming as of April 2023.[146] Alibaba is also integrating Tongyi Qianwen into a digital assistant called Tingwu. Tongyi Tingwu, the AI-powered assistant, can analyze multimedia content and generate a text summary from video and audio files.[147]

Surveillance of Uyghurs edit

See also: Uyghur genocide

In December 2020, The New York Times reported that Alibaba had developed and marketed facial recognition and surveillance software configured to detect Uyghur faces and those of other ethnic minorities in China.[148] Alibaba responded that they "do not and will not permit our technology to be used to target or identify specific ethnic groups" and that it was "dismayed to learn" that its Alibaba Cloud subsidiary had developed this feature,[149] defending that the technology was developed "in a testing environment" and that it "was not deployed by any customer."[150] However, IPVM reported in December 2020 that Alibaba refused to provide any proof the Uyghur recognition feature was just a "test" or "trial" and that Alibaba's own website showed Uyghur recognition as a live feature.[150]

Entertainment services edit

In September 2017, Alibaba created a new live entertainment business unit under its Digital Media and Entertainment Group which focuses on ticketing, content creation and live experiences, bringing its entertainment ticketing platform Damai and its content creation and technology units MaiLive and Maizuo under one roof. It aims to provide a platform for live events (e.g. concerts, plays, esports and sports events), as well as supporting content partners and leveraging Alibaba's data capability for offline shows.[151] It also provides the online digital distribution service 9Apps, which hosts downloadable content and applications.[152]

In March 2014, Alibaba agreed to acquire a controlling stake in ChinaVision Media Group for $804 million. The two firms announced they would establish a strategic committee for potential future opportunities in online entertainment and other media areas.[153] The company was renamed Alibaba Pictures Group (SEHK: 1060).[154] In March 2015, Alibaba Group launched AliMusic as its music division. Xiami Music and Tiantian Music are two of music steaming APP owned by AliMusic. AliMusic named Gao Xiaosong as the chairman and Song Ke as chief executive officer in July 2015.[155] In 2017, Tencent Music has expected $10bn IPO by signing a rights deal with Alibaba, strengthening its position within the important Chinese market. Under the terms of the deal Alibaba will gain the right to stream music from international labels such as Sony Music, Universal Music Group and YG Entertainment, which already have exclusive deals with Tencent, in return for offering to its catalogue from Rock Records, HIM International Music and so on.[156] In April 2014, Alibaba and Yunfeng Capital, a private equity company controlled by Alibaba's founder, Jack Ma, agreed to acquire a combined 18.5 percent stake in Youku Tudou, which broadcasts a series of popular television programs and other videos over the Internet.[157]

Since restructuring in March 2023, the Digital Media and Entertainment Group has been led by Fan Luyuan as CEO.[158]

Internet services edit

In 2004, the Alibaba Group released Aliwangwang, an instant messaging software service for interactions between customer and online sellers. By 2014, there are 50 million Aliwangwang users, making it the second-largest instant messaging tool in China.[159] In October 2013, the Alibaba's chairman Jack Ma announced that the Alibaba Group would no longer use Tencent's messaging application WeChat, and would henceforth promote its own messaging application and service, Laiwang.[160] In April 2014, Alibaba Group and UCWeb, a Chinese provider of mobile internet software technology and services, launched Shenma (神马), a mobile-only search engine, as part of a joint venture.[161][162] Later in June, the Alibaba Group acquired UCWeb, with an international product portfolio that includes a mobile browsing service (UC Browser), app and game distribution platforms (9Apps and 9Game), a mobile traffic platform (UC Union) and UC News that primarily caters to all types of news in the India market (as an aggregator) among others.[163][164][165] Alibaba's Y Projects Business Unit developed the Xuexi Qiangguo app, which is used to teach Xi Jinping Thought.[166]

In October 2005, Alibaba Group formed a strategic partnership with Yahoo! and acquired Yahoo! China, a Chinese portal previously launched on 24 September 1999 that focuses on Internet services like news, email, and search.[167] In April 2013, Alibaba Group announced that, as part of the agreement to buy back the Yahoo! Mail stake, that they would suspend technological support for China Yahoo! Mail service and begin migration of Yahoo! China Mail accounts. Several options were offered to users to make the transition as smooth as possible, and Yahoo! China users had four months to migrate their accounts to the Aliyun mail service, the Yahoo! Mail service in the United States, or to another third-party e-mail provider of the user's choice.[168] Yahoo! China closed its mail service on 19 August 2013. E-mails sent to Yahoo! China accounts could be forwarded to an Alimail box until 31 December 2014. Users were also allowed to transfer e-mail accounts to yahoo.com or any other e-mail service. It is estimated there are no more than a million users with Yahoo! Mail for China and chances are they also own other e-mail accounts.[169]

In 2014, Alibaba Group founded DingTalk, an enterprise communication and collaboration platform. Also known as Ding Ding, the app was developed as part of efforts to compete with rival Tencent's WeChat.[170] DingTalk is managed by Alibaba's cloud computing division.[171][172]

FinTech and online payment platforms edit

 
Food ordered with Alipay

In 2004, the Alibaba Group launched Alipay, a third-party online payment platform. It also provides an escrow service, in which buyers can verify whether they are happy with goods they have bought before releasing money to the seller.[84] Alibaba Group spun off Alipay in 2010 in a controversial move.[173] According to analyst research report, Alipay has the biggest market share in China with 300 million users and control of just under half of China's online payment market in February 2014.[174] In 2013, Alipay launched a financial product platform called Yu'ebao (余额宝).[175] Alipay partnered with the Tianhong Asset Management to launch it to the general public.[175] In 2015, Alibaba announced that they will introduce a system that can be paid by recognizing the owner's face.[176][177] On 16 October 2014, the Alipay company was re-branded as Ant Financial Services (now Ant Group).[178]

One of the factors for Alibaba's success in this platform is the company's quick and reliable payment system, where it offers several types of payment systems such as credit card, debit card, Alipay, Quick-pay, and online banking. These payment systems help to cope with simultaneous cash flow transactions with ease and convenience. Ant Financial was ranked sixth in Fortune's Change the World list, recognized for the positive green environmental impact of its Ant Forest, the world's largest platform for tracking individuals' carbon footprints. Ant Financial and its partners have achieved considerable success in the reduction of CO2 emissions.[179][180] Ant Financial is the highest valued fintech company in the world, and the world's most valuable unicorn (start-up) company, with a valuation of US$150 billion.[181][182][183]

In August 2020, Ant Financial, a subsidiary of Alibaba, launched the IPO program, valued at US$200 billion.[184]

Others edit

In 2014, Alibaba and Yunfeng Capital, a private equity firm, launched AliHealth when the two companies bought a 54% stake in CITIC 21CN for HK$1.33 billion (US$171 million).[185][186] It is listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange as SEHK: 241. It positions itself as a pharmaceutical e-commerce business and medical services. In the same year, Alibaba acquired Chinese map supplier AutoNavi.[187] In April 2015, the group also reached an agreement to transfer its online B2C pharmacy, Tmall Medical (yao.Tmall.com), to AliHealth. The integration provides consumers a wide range of pharmaceutical and health products available in China.[188] In 2015, Alibaba later launched its Shanghai-based sports division, AliSports, after a consolidation of some of the parent company's existing business units.[189] The new company's operations encompass television and digital sports rights, event operation, venue commercialization, copyright, media, business development, gaming, and ticketing.[189] AliSports secured exclusive title sponsorship of the FIFA Club World Cup from 2015 to 2022.[190] The company announced a Champion of Champions rugby sevens tournament in 2017, to be played in Shanghai for the highest prize money ever offered in the sport.[191]

In December 2015, Alibaba agreed to acquire the South China Morning Post and other media assets belonging to the group for a consideration of $266 million. Although Alibaba promised editorial independence, vice-chairman Joseph Tsai said that Alibaba believes that "the world needs a plurality of views when it comes to China coverage. China's rise as an economic power and its importance to world stability is too important for there to be a singular thesis."[192] The acquisition attracted media concerns over what this would mean for the newspaper's coverage.[193]

Other subsidiaries of Alibaba include Hangzhou Ali Venture Capital and Alibaba Entrepreneurs Fund. Hangzhou Ali Venture Capital (杭州阿里创业投资) is a company 80% owned by Jack Ma and another manager of Alibaba. For regulatory purpose, Alibaba Group did not own the company directly, but by pleading. It was considered as a subsidiary and/or consolidated entity of Alibaba Group.[194] Ali Venture Capital is a shareholder of Beijing Enlight Media[195] and a domestic shareholder of China Unicom.[196] The Alibaba Entrepreneurs Fund is a non-profit making initiative launched by Alibaba Group in 2015.[197][198][199]

Alibaba also has invested in more than ten startups in Hong Kong including DayDayCook,[200] GoGoVan,[201] WeLend[202] and Qupital.[203][204] In 2019, Alibaba launched China-Russia flights in collaboration with Russian Post to assure fast shipping of products.[205]

Corporate governance edit

 
Jack Ma, founder and the former executive chairman of the Alibaba Group

Alibaba's main co-founder Jack Ma served as the executive chairman of the Alibaba Group from its founding until 10 September 2019. Daniel Zhang succeeded Ma and has also served as Alibaba's CEO since 2015.[206] J. Michael Evans has served as Alibaba's president since 2015.[207] Jack Ma had stepped down as CEO in 2013 and chose Jonathan Lu as his successor.[208][209] The Alibaba Group under Lu was performing well, though there were rumors that Ma was growing distrustful in Lu's ability to lead the company.[210][211] Daniel Zhang, who served as COO of Alibaba under Lu, succeeded Lu as CEO in 2015.[212] On 10 September 2018, Ma chose Zhang to succeed him as executive chairman of the Alibaba Group after his stepping down announcement, and this would go into effect in 1 year on 10 September 2019.[213]

Since 2012, the Chinese Communist Party has had a Party Committee in place in the company and has over 2,000 party members as Alibaba employees.[214] In September 2019, the municipal government of Hangzhou announced that it was assigning government officials to work with tech companies and manufacturers in Zhejiang province, including Alibaba, in what city officials stated was an effort “to facilitate communication and expedite projects”.[215][216]

After the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Alibaba faced criticism for continuing to do business in Russia.[217] In August 2023, Ukraine's National Agency on Corruption Prevention designated the company an 'international sponsor of war' owing to it providing a platform for the sale of copper goods sourced from the occupied territories of Ukraine.[218]

Alibaba Group Holding Ltd has announced Joseph Tsai as the new chairman and Eddie Wu as the CEO. This move comes as the company seeks to revive growth in the post-crackdown era, with Tsai providing strategic direction and Wu driving operational excellence.[219]

Social responsibility edit

On 7 August 2021, Alibaba fired a manager who admitted to "indecent acts" with an inebriated employee.[220] The case highlighted issues of sexual harassment in the workplace.[221]

Alibaba actively promotes female employment, collaborating with the All-China Women's Federation for community e-commerce events. The company also donates to UN Women to support female employment initiatives.[222] Half of Alibaba's employees are women, with one-third of leadership roles, especially in departments like human resources, held by women.[223]

See also edit

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30°11′23″N 120°11′25″E / 30.189602°N 120.190371°E / 30.189602; 120.190371

February 16, 2024
alibaba, group, kaola, redirects, here, animal, koala, holding, limited, alibaba, chinese, 阿里巴巴, chinese, multinational, technology, company, specializing, commerce, retail, internet, technology, founded, june, 1999, hangzhou, zhejiang, company, provides, cons. Kaola redirects here For the animal see koala Alibaba Group Holding Limited or Alibaba Chinese 阿里巴巴 is a Chinese multinational technology company specializing in e commerce retail Internet and technology Founded on 28 June 1999 1 in Hangzhou Zhejiang the company provides consumer to consumer C2C business to consumer B2C and business to business B2B sales services via Chinese and global marketplaces as well as local consumer digital media and entertainment logistics and cloud computing services It owns and operates a diverse portfolio of companies around the world in numerous business sectors Alibaba Group Holding Limited Taobao City the main corporate campus of Alibaba Group at Xixi HangzhouNative name阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司Company typePublicTraded asNYSE BABASEHK 9988Hang Seng Index componentISINUS01609W1027IndustryE commercecloud computingartificial intelligenceentertainmentmobile commerceretailmobile mediafilmsTV showsFounded28 June 1999 24 years ago 1999 06 28 1 Hangzhou Zhejiang ChinaFounderJack MaHeadquartersNo 969 West Wen Yi Road 2 Yuhang District Hangzhou Zhejiang China and George Town Cayman Islands 3 4 Area servedWorldwideKey peopleJoseph Tsai co founder amp chairman Eddie Wu co founder amp CEO J Michael Evans president ServicesAlibaba comAlibaba CloudAliExpressAliOSAliGenieTaobaoTmallLazada1688 comDarazMiravia 5 RevenueCN 868 687 billion 6 US 126 49 billion 2023 Operating incomeCN 100 351 billion 6 US 14 612 billion 2023 Net incomeCN 65 573 billion 6 US 9 548 billion 2023 Total assetsCN 1 753 trillion 6 US 255 263 billion 2023 Total equityCN 1 113 trillion 6 US 162 07 billion 2023 OwnerSoftBank Group 23 9 7 Number of employees235 216 6 July 2023 SubsidiariesSee companies and affiliated entitiesWebsiteOfficial websiteFootnotes references 8 6 Alibaba Group Alibaba in Chinese characters Simplified Chinese阿里巴巴集团Traditional Chinese阿里巴巴集團TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinAlǐbaba JituanBopomofoㄚ ㄌㄧˇ ㄅㄚ ㄅㄚ ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄨㄢˊGwoyeu RomatzyhAliibaba JyitwanWade GilesA1li3pa1pa1 Chi2t uan2IPA a li pa pa tɕi tʰwa n Yue CantoneseYale RomanizationAleihbaba JaahptyuhnJyutpingAa3leoi5baa1baa1 Zaap6tyun4On 19 September 2014 Alibaba s initial public offering IPO on the New York Stock Exchange raised US 25 billion giving the company a market value of US 231 billion and by far then the largest IPO in world history 9 It is one of the top 10 most valuable corporations 10 and is named the 31st largest public company in the world on the Forbes Global 2000 2020 list 11 In January 2018 Alibaba became the second Asian company to break the US 500 billion valuation mark after its competitor Tencent 12 As of 2022 update Alibaba has the ninth highest global brand valuation 13 Alibaba is one of the world s largest retailers and e commerce companies In 2020 it was also rated as the fifth largest artificial intelligence company 14 It is also one of the biggest venture capital firms and investment corporations in the world as well as the second largest financial services group behind Visa via its fintech arm Ant Group The company hosts the largest B2B Alibaba com C2C Taobao and B2C Tmall marketplaces in the world 15 It has been expanding into the media industry with revenues rising by triple percentage points year after year 16 It also set the record on the 2018 edition of China s Singles Day the world s biggest online and offline shopping day 17 Contents 1 Naming 2 History 2 1 Early years 2 2 Expansion 2 3 Listing 2 4 Restructuring 3 Companies and affiliated entities 3 1 E commerce and retail service platforms 3 1 1 Gold Supplier membership 3 2 Smart logistics 3 3 Cloud computing and artificial intelligence technology 3 3 1 Surveillance of Uyghurs 3 4 Entertainment services 3 5 Internet services 3 6 FinTech and online payment platforms 3 7 Others 4 Corporate governance 5 Social responsibility 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksNaming editThe company s name came from the character Ali Baba from the Middle Eastern folk tale collection One Thousand and One Nights because of its universal appeal 18 As Jack Ma one of the founders replied to Lorraine Hahn on TalkAsia One day I was in San Francisco in a coffee shop and I was thinking Alibaba is a good name And then a waitress came and I said do you know about Alibaba And she said yes I said what do you know about Alibaba and she said Open Sesame And I said yes this is the name Then I went onto the street and found 30 people and asked them Do you know Alibaba People from India people from Germany people from Tokyo and China They all knew about Alibaba Alibaba open sesame Alibaba 40 thieves Alibaba is not a thief Alibaba is a kind smart business person and he helped the village So easy to spell and global know Alibaba opens sesame for small to medium sized companies We also registered the name AliMama in case someone wants to marry us 19 History editEarly years edit On 28 June 1999 1 Jack Ma with 17 friends and students founded Alibaba com a China based B2B marketplace site in his Hangzhou apartment In October 1999 Alibaba received a US 25 million investment from Swedish Wallenberg family s Investor AB 20 Goldman Sachs and SoftBank In 1999 Wallenbergs Investor AB owned 6 of the shares 20 Alibaba com was expected to improve the domestic e commerce market and perfect an e commerce platform for Chinese enterprises especially small and medium sized enterprises SMEs to help export Chinese products to the global market as well as to address World Trade Organization WTO challenges In 2002 Alibaba com became profitable three years after launch Ma wanted to improve the global e commerce system so from 2003 onward Alibaba launched Taobao Marketplace Alipay Alimama com and Lynx 21 22 When eBay announced its expansion into China in 2003 Ma viewed the American company as a foreign competitor and rejected eBay s buyout of Alibaba s subsidiary Taobao By applying existing technologies gaining trust in the Chinese e commerce market and expanding through dominating the market at a loss before making a return on additional services Alibaba s subsidiaries outperformed eBay in the Chinese e commerce market claiming a growing percentage of consumers from eBay Alibaba subsidiary Taobao would later force eBay out of the Chinese market with eBay closing its unprofitable China Web unit though the two companies would break even six years later 21 23 24 Expansion edit In 2005 Yahoo invested in Alibaba through a variable interest entity VIE structure buying a 40 stake in the company for US 1 billion 21 24 This would as a result net in US 10 billion in Alibaba s IPO alone to Yahoo 23 25 In 2012 China Investment Corporation led a group of Chinese investors in buying out Yahoo s 40 stake and in buying the Alibaba shares that had traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange 26 130 According to Li Chuan a senior executive at Alibaba the company was planning in 2013 to open traditional brick and mortar retail outlets in partnership with Wanda Group a Chinese real estate company 27 Additionally Alibaba purchased a 25 stake in Hong Kong listed Chinese department store chain Intime Retail in early 2014 28 In early 2017 Alibaba and Intime s founder Shen Guojun agreed to pay as much as HK 19 8 billion US 2 6 billion to take the store chain private Alibaba s stake 28 from 2014 s US 692 million investment would rise to about 74 after the deal 29 In April 2014 Alibaba invested in Lyft along with Coatue Management and Andreessen Horowitz they led a US 250 million Series D financing round 24 30 On 5 June 2014 Alibaba bought a 50 stake of Guangzhou Evergrande F C from Evergrande Real Estate Group Ltd in a deal that was worth 1 2 billion yuan US 192 million 24 31 On 5 September 2014 the group in a regulatory filing with the US Securities and Exchange Commission SEC set a US 60 to 66 per share price range for its scheduled initial public offering IPO the final price of which would be determined after an international roadshow to gauge the investor interest in Alibaba shares to shareholders On 18 September 2014 Alibaba s IPO priced at US 68 raising US 21 8 billion for the company and investors Alibaba was the biggest US IPO in history bigger than Google Facebook and Twitter combined 32 33 34 On 19 September 2014 Alibaba s shares BABA began trading on the NYSE at an opening price of 92 70 at 11 55 am EST On 22 September 2014 Alibaba s underwriters announced their confirmation that they had exercised a greenshoe option to sell 15 more shares than originally planned boosting the total amount of the IPO to 25 billion 35 36 Alibaba and the underwriters of its IPO were sued in a California superior court in a consolidated class action lawsuit 37 The lawsuit was filed in October 2015 on behalf of investors who purchased Alibaba s American depositary shares alleging violations of the Securities Act 38 Alibaba reached a settlement agreement in December 2018 subject to court approval in which it agreed to pay 75 million to settle the lawsuit 37 39 40 In January 2017 Alibaba and the International Olympic Committee jointly announced an 800 million deal that would last until 2028 where the company would sponsor the Olympic Games 24 41 In September 2018 Jack Ma the main founder of Alibaba announced that he would step down as chairman in a year s time so he could focus on philanthropy 42 In response to the announcement The Economist stated that Ma had a significant impact in China and worldwide via contributions and dedication to various businesses 43 Listing edit In May 2019 Bloomberg cited sources familiar with the matter as saying that Alibaba was considering raising 20 billion through a second listing in Hong Kong 44 In November 2019 Alibaba raised 12 9 billion in its secondary listing in Hong Kong which became the world s largest offering that year 45 On Tuesday 10 September 2019 Jack Ma officially stepped down as the chairman of Alibaba Daniel Zhang succeeded him at the head of the company In November 2020 The Wall Street Journal reported that President Xi Jinping personally scuttled Jack Ma s Ant Group IPO 46 Bo Zhuang chief China economist at TS Lombard said that the suspension forms part of a wider political drive as the leadership seeks to widen and consolidate its control over finance and technology 47 What followed was an unexpected Chinese government released draft on 10 November 2020 which gives regulatory authorities a wider latitude to regulate their biggest tech enterprises 48 49 In December 2020 the shares of Alibaba Group suffered a historic stock price crash to the lowest close in around 6 months following the antitrust investigation into the company by Chinese regulators 50 In December 2020 China s State Administration for Market Regulation SAMR stated that it opened an investigation into Alibaba over monopolistic practices 51 52 The country s central bank as well as three other regulators confirmed in a separate statement that the affiliated Ant Group would also be summoned for discussions over competition and consumer rights where regulators instructed the company to return its focus to digital payments 53 People s Daily the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party endorsed the investigation shortly after the announcement claiming the investigation to be an important step in strengthening antimonopoly oversight in the internet sphere 54 55 As a result from the antitrust probe Alibaba lost nearly all of its stock market gains in 2020 from 859 billion to 586 billion by the end of December 56 Jack Ma co founder of both Alibaba and Ant Group vanished from public view when Ant s IPO was suspended in early November 57 but resurfaced in January 2021 in a 50 second video appearing briefly via video link at the digitally facilitated Rural Teacher Initiative As of February 2021 he has yet to be seen in public 58 The video appearance caused Alibaba stock to jump more than 7 59 Jack Ma made a public appearance in Hangzhou China in March 2023 where he met with students and teachers at the Alibaba partners funded Yungu School 60 In February 2021 Alibaba sold 5 billion in bonds the company s third large sale of dollar bonds issuing four sets priced to yield between 2 143 and 3 251 The four sets of bonds were 1 5 billion of both 10 year and 30 year debt along with 1 billion of bonds due in 20 and 40 years The 20 year bonds were designated as sustainability notes 61 62 63 On 9 April 2021 as part of a Chinese crackdown on big tech SAMR issued a 2 8 billion fine against Alibaba for anti competitive practices and ordered Alibaba to file self examination and compliance reports to the SAMR for three years This amounted to 12 Archived 3 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine of its 2020 net profit Critics say the move tightens the Chinese s governments control of tech companies 64 65 66 On 11 November 2021 it was reported that over the course of its 11 day Singles Day sales extravaganza Chinese e commerce giant Alibaba Group Holding received a record 540 3 billion yuan S 114 4 billion in orders a 14 percent increase over the previous year 67 In July 2022 the SEC added Alibaba to a list of companies facing delisting from U S stock exchanges if its auditors remain unable to examine Alibaba s books before 2024 68 In December 2022 a state owned enterprise of the China Internet Investment Fund established by the Cyberspace Administration of China took a 1 percent golden share investment in two Alibaba subsidiaries that control Youku and UCWeb 69 Restructuring edit In March 2023 Alibaba announced their 1 6 N restructuring plan which reorganized its business structure into six independently run entities Cloud Intelligence Group Taobao and Tmall Group Cainiao Smart Logistics Network Local Services group Alibaba International Digital Commerce and the Digital Media and Entertainment group 70 71 Each business unit would have their own CEO and board of directors and be able to seek their own fundraising and market listings 72 Under the new 1 6 N structure Alibaba also established a Capital Management Committee and a Compliance and Risk Committee 73 The Wall Street Journal reported on 30 March that Jack Ma engineered this in talks with company CEO Daniel Zhang while he was overseas 74 In September 2023 Cainiao Smart Logistics Network Ltd the logistics arm of Alibaba Group has filed for its Hong Kong initial public offering potentially making it among the first of the Chinese e commerce leader s units to go public 75 Companies and affiliated entities editE commerce and retail service platforms edit nbsp Alibaba group headquarters nbsp Alibaba Binjiang Campus in Hangzhou headquarters for Alibaba s B2B service 76 In 1999 Jack Ma launched the primary business of Alibaba Alibaba com while working as an English teacher in Hangzhou Alibaba com later became the world s largest online B2B trading platform for small businesses as of 2014 77 Alibaba com has three main services the English language portal Alibaba com which handles sales between importers and exporters from more than 240 countries and regions 78 the Chinese portal 1688 com which manages domestic B2B trade in China and AliExpress com a global consumer marketplace 79 Alibaba com went public at the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2007 and was delisted again in 2012 80 In 2013 1688 com launched a direct channel that was responsible for 30 million in daily transaction value 81 In 2003 Alibaba launched Taobao Marketplace 淘宝网 offering a variety of products for retail sales Taobao grew to become China s largest C2C online shopping platform and later became the second most visited web site in China according to Alexa Internet 82 83 Taobao s growth was attributed to offering free registration and commission free transactions using a free third party payment platform 84 Advertising made up 75 percent of the company s total revenue allowing it to break even in 2009 In 2010 Taobao s profit was estimated to be 1 5 billion US 235 7 million which was only about 0 4 percent of their total sales figure of 400 billion US 62 9 billion that year way below the industry average of 2 percent according to iResearch estimates 84 According to Zhang Yu the director of Taobao between 2011 and 2013 the number of stores on Taobao with annual sales under 100 thousand increased by 60 the number of stores with sales between 10 thousand and 1 million increased by 30 and the number of stores with sales over 1 million increased by 33 85 In April 2008 Taobao introduced a spin off Taobao Mall 淘宝商城 later Tmall com an online retail platform to complement the Taobao C2C portal offering global brands to an increasingly affluent Chinese consumer base It became the eighth most visited web site in China as of 2013 86 In 2012 Tmall com later changed its Chinese name to Tianmao 天猫 sky cat reflecting Tmall s Chinese pronunciation 87 In March 2010 Taobao launched the group shopping website Juhuasuan 聚划算 offering flash sales which are products that are available at a discount for only a fixed time period In October 2010 Taobao beta launched eTao a comparison shopping website that offers search results from mostly Chinese online shopping platforms 88 including product searches sales and coupon searches According to the Alibaba Group web site eTao offers products from Amazon China Dangdang Gome Yihaodian Nike China and Vancl as well as Taobao and Tmall 78 As part of a restructuring of Taobao by Alibaba these spin offs became separate companies in 2011 with Tmall and eTao becoming separate businesses in June and Juhuasuan becoming a separate business later in October 89 In 2010 Alibaba launched AliExpress com an online retail service made up of mostly small Chinese businesses offering products to international online buyers It is the most visited e commerce platform in Russia 90 It allows small businesses in China to sell to customers all over the world resulting in a wide variety of products It might be more accurate to compare AliExpress to eBay though as sellers are independent it simply serves as a host for other businesses to sell to consumers 91 Similar to eBay sellers on Aliexpress can be either companies or individuals It connects Chinese businesses directly with buyers The main difference from Taobao is that it s aimed primarily at international buyers mainly the US Russia Brazil and Spain 92 On 11 June 2014 Alibaba launched US shopping site 11 Main The 11 Main marketplace hosts more than 1 000 merchants in categories such as clothing fashion accessories and jewelry as well as interior goods and arts and crafts and it plans to keep adding more said the company 93 94 On 23 June 2015 Alibaba announced that it is selling 11 Main to OpenSky an online marketplace operator based in New York 95 nbsp Lazada warehouse in Cabuyao Laguna Philippines during the company s 11 11 sale promotion in 2018 Lazada Group is a subsidiary of Alibaba Group and Alibaba co founder Lucy Peng Lei is CEO of the company In February 2015 Alibaba invests US 590 million in Meizu acquiring an undisclosed minority stake 96 In June 2015 Alibaba started a joint venture Koubei with its affiliate Ant Financial Group to tap China s fast growing local services market each investing approximately US 483 million into the business for an equal equity stake In April 2016 Alibaba announced that it intended to acquire a controlling interest in Lazada by paying 500 million for new shares and buying 500M worth of shares from existing investors 97 Lazada Group is a Singaporean e commerce company founded by Rocket Internet in 2011 Lazada operates sites in Indonesia Malaysia the Philippines Singapore Thailand and Vietnam Its sites launched in March 2012 with a business model of selling inventory to customers from its own warehouses In 2013 it added a marketplace model that allowed third party retailers to sell their products through Lazada s site Lazada features a wide product offering in categories ranging from consumer electronics to household goods toys fashion and sports equipment In March 2018 Alibaba announced its plan to invest an additional 2 billion in the company totaling a 4 billion investment Alibaba also plans to appoint Alibaba co founder Lucy Peng as Lazada s new CEO 98 In October 2016 Alibaba launched Alitrip later named Fliggy an online travel platform that is designed as an online mall for brands such as airline companies and agencies 99 100 Fliggy set the target audience as the younger generation and it strives to become a one stop service when they plan their trips particularly in overseas travel 101 On 7 August 2017 Alibaba Group and Marriott International hotel group announced a comprehensive strategic co operation Two companies will set up a joint venture company Through the docking technology system and the superiority resources Fliggy has Marriott hotel flagship store It has the same function with Marriott Chinese website and Marriott mobile app to create the best global travel experience for consumers 102 In 2016 the Office of the United States Trade Representative added Taobao back onto a list of notorious counterfeit platforms that includes the likes of torrent site The Pirate Bay 103 Alibaba denied wrongdoing and filed two lawsuits against the counterfeiters as of January 4 2017 update 104 but brands whose sales have been affected by the counterfeit products accused Alibaba of not doing enough 105 In 2017 Alibaba started opening a chain of supermarkets named Freshippo or Hema 盒马 lit box horse as part of the company s new retail strategy where customers can either order in the store or online for delivery in under 30 minutes It offers a mobile app that recommends customers products based on data analytics 106 In addition customers can have their groceries cooked to eat in the food court of the supermarket 107 In October 2018 it was reported that Alibaba s Koubei have merged with online food delivery service platform Ele me into a new local life service subsidiary 108 109 However the newly formed Alibaba Local Life Service entity experienced major competition from local service giant Meituan which is backed by Tencent leading to rumours of planned layoffs in 2022 110 In September 2019 Alibaba announced it would acquire Chinese e commerce platform Kaola from NetEase for around US 2 billion 111 In October 2020 Alibaba agreed to pay US 3 6 billion to take control of China s biggest hypermarket operator Sun Art SEHK 6808 from French billionaire Mulliez family The deal doubled the group s stake in the hypermarket chain with a tootles ownership of 72 112 Gold Supplier membership edit Alibaba com offers a paid Gold Supplier membership to try to ensure that each seller is genuine sellers Gold Supplier status and the number of years it has been held are displayed 113 The supplier verification types and checks are listed on Alibaba com s website with more stringent checks for sellers outside China 114 While the majority of suppliers are reported to be genuine citation needed there have been many cases of sellers some with Gold Supplier status seeking to defraud unsuspecting buyers 115 In February 2011 controversy ensued when Alibaba s corporate office admitted that it had granted the mark of integrity of its China Gold Supplier program to more than 2 000 dealers that had subsequently defrauded buyers the firm s share price dropped abruptly after the announcement 116 A statement from the firm reported that Yan Limin the general manager of Alibaba com at the time had been dismissed in March for misconduct Phil Muncaster of UK s The Register additionally reported that a further 28 employees had been involved in dodgy dealings 117 As The Economist noted the company s response has conflicting components Alibaba s promulgated view that its corrective actions indicate its commitment to quality and integrity where it contrasts itself with other scandal associated Chinese business sectors versus a damage control view suggesting that the subscription driven third party verified China Gold Supplier program was endangered by diminished trust in its endorsement system removing the incentive for global buyers to choose Alibaba as their business to business service thus more broadly endangering Alibaba through impact on its brand and capabilities the latter via the defenestration of senior people 116 The scandal was said to have placed the head of Alibaba Group Jack Ma who was described as having been furious over the scandal in a position to personally fight to win back trust 118 Smart logistics edit In 2013 Alibaba and six large Chinese logistics companies including SF Express established a company called Cainiao for delivery of packages in China This network gradually grew to 14 local logistics companies in 2014 119 In 2016 Alibaba s Taobao and Tmall two of the world s largest and most popular online retail marketplaces achieved a total transaction volume of 3 trillion yuan US 478 6 billion The company aims to double the transaction volume to 6 trillion yuan by 2020 As of February 2018 update Taobao reached 580 million monthly active users while Tmall achieved 500 million monthly active users 120 121 122 It is also rapidly expanding its e commerce network abroad 123 Alibaba has also announced that it will invest 100 billion yuan over five years to build a global logistics network underpinning an aggressive overseas expansion and demonstrating Alibaba s commitment to building the most efficient logistics network in China and around the world It is investing a further 5 3 billion yuan in Cainiao Logistics to boost its stake to 51 percent from 47 percent 124 The investment would value Cainiao a joint venture of top Chinese logistics firms at around US 20 billion 125 Alibaba uses Cainiao software at its Belgian European sales hub The software is able to access data about retailers products transport details and flows a person familiar with the company s IT systems told the British newspaper Financial Times Chinese companies are legally obliged to pass on their data to China s authorities and security services 126 The Belgium State Security Service is monitoring the hub in Lutich because of this fact and possible espionage 127 128 According to the Financial Times Cainiao denied suggestions of wrongdoing noting that the firm operates in compliance with relevant laws and regulations 129 Cloud computing and artificial intelligence technology edit In conjunction with the company s 10th anniversary Alibaba launched Alibaba Cloud in September 2009 aiming to build a cloud computing service platform including e commerce data mining e commerce data processing and data customization 78 It has R amp D centres and operators in Hangzhou Beijing Hong Kong Singapore Silicon Valley 130 and Dubai 131 In July 2014 Alibaba Cloud entered into a partnership deal with Inspur Alibaba Cloud is the largest high end cloud computing company in China 132 In 2009 Alibaba acquired HiChina the largest domain registration service and web hosting service company in China and built it into Alibaba Cloud 133 On 28 July 2011 Alibaba Cloud released AliOS formerly Yun OS and Aliyun OS a Linux distribution designed for mobile devices 134 In the 2017 Computing Conference in Hangzhou Alibaba launched AliGenie a China based open platform intelligent personal assistant It is currently used in the Tmall Genie smart speaker 135 In 2018 Alibaba s Wanli Min presented City Brain 136 a technology geared towards urban solutions such as streamlining traffic detecting accidents and improving transport efficiency 137 138 On 27 July 2019 Alibaba unveiled a 64 bit RISC V processor called the XuanTie 910 Black Iron 910 It is a 12 nm 16 core with a clockrate of 2 5 GHz and was designed by Alibaba s subsidiary T Head also known as Pingtouge Alibaba claim the Xuantie 910 is faster than the ARM Cortex A73 and is capable of 7 1 Coremark MHz 139 140 141 142 On 25 September 2019 Alibaba announced an AI accelerator called the Hanguang 800 The Hanguang 800 contains 17 billion transistors built with a 12 nm process and was designed by T Head and DAMO Academy Alibaba s research team Alibaba claim it is capable of 78 563 images per second IPS inference and 500 IPS W in ResNet 50 The Hanguang 800 will be available to be rented on Alibaba Cloud 143 144 145 In April 2023 Alibaba revealed its plans to release Tongyi Qianwen a ChatGPT like chatbot Its name means seeking an answer by asking a thousand questions This AI product which can support both English and Chinese languages will be incorporated into the company s various business operations It will initially be integrated into the messaging app DingTalk and the voice activated smart speaker Tmall Genie According to Alibaba drafting emails creating business proposals and converting meeting dialogues into written notes are among Tongyi Qianwen s capabilities Media reported that the company has received more than 200 000 requests from businesses to join its beta testing program from industries as varied as fintech electronics transport fashion and dairy farming as of April 2023 146 Alibaba is also integrating Tongyi Qianwen into a digital assistant called Tingwu Tongyi Tingwu the AI powered assistant can analyze multimedia content and generate a text summary from video and audio files 147 Surveillance of Uyghurs edit See also Uyghur genocide In December 2020 The New York Times reported that Alibaba had developed and marketed facial recognition and surveillance software configured to detect Uyghur faces and those of other ethnic minorities in China 148 Alibaba responded that they do not and will not permit our technology to be used to target or identify specific ethnic groups and that it was dismayed to learn that its Alibaba Cloud subsidiary had developed this feature 149 defending that the technology was developed in a testing environment and that it was not deployed by any customer 150 However IPVM reported in December 2020 that Alibaba refused to provide any proof the Uyghur recognition feature was just a test or trial and that Alibaba s own website showed Uyghur recognition as a live feature 150 Entertainment services edit In September 2017 Alibaba created a new live entertainment business unit under its Digital Media and Entertainment Group which focuses on ticketing content creation and live experiences bringing its entertainment ticketing platform Damai and its content creation and technology units MaiLive and Maizuo under one roof It aims to provide a platform for live events e g concerts plays esports and sports events as well as supporting content partners and leveraging Alibaba s data capability for offline shows 151 It also provides the online digital distribution service 9Apps which hosts downloadable content and applications 152 In March 2014 Alibaba agreed to acquire a controlling stake in ChinaVision Media Group for 804 million The two firms announced they would establish a strategic committee for potential future opportunities in online entertainment and other media areas 153 The company was renamed Alibaba Pictures Group SEHK 1060 154 In March 2015 Alibaba Group launched AliMusic as its music division Xiami Music and Tiantian Music are two of music steaming APP owned by AliMusic AliMusic named Gao Xiaosong as the chairman and Song Ke as chief executive officer in July 2015 155 In 2017 Tencent Music has expected 10bn IPO by signing a rights deal with Alibaba strengthening its position within the important Chinese market Under the terms of the deal Alibaba will gain the right to stream music from international labels such as Sony Music Universal Music Group and YG Entertainment which already have exclusive deals with Tencent in return for offering to its catalogue from Rock Records HIM International Music and so on 156 In April 2014 Alibaba and Yunfeng Capital a private equity company controlled by Alibaba s founder Jack Ma agreed to acquire a combined 18 5 percent stake in Youku Tudou which broadcasts a series of popular television programs and other videos over the Internet 157 Since restructuring in March 2023 the Digital Media and Entertainment Group has been led by Fan Luyuan as CEO 158 Internet services edit In 2004 the Alibaba Group released Aliwangwang an instant messaging software service for interactions between customer and online sellers By 2014 there are 50 million Aliwangwang users making it the second largest instant messaging tool in China 159 In October 2013 the Alibaba s chairman Jack Ma announced that the Alibaba Group would no longer use Tencent s messaging application WeChat and would henceforth promote its own messaging application and service Laiwang 160 In April 2014 Alibaba Group and UCWeb a Chinese provider of mobile internet software technology and services launched Shenma 神马 a mobile only search engine as part of a joint venture 161 162 Later in June the Alibaba Group acquired UCWeb with an international product portfolio that includes a mobile browsing service UC Browser app and game distribution platforms 9Apps and 9Game a mobile traffic platform UC Union and UC News that primarily caters to all types of news in the India market as an aggregator among others 163 164 165 Alibaba s Y Projects Business Unit developed the Xuexi Qiangguo app which is used to teach Xi Jinping Thought 166 In October 2005 Alibaba Group formed a strategic partnership with Yahoo and acquired Yahoo China a Chinese portal previously launched on 24 September 1999 that focuses on Internet services like news email and search 167 In April 2013 Alibaba Group announced that as part of the agreement to buy back the Yahoo Mail stake that they would suspend technological support for China Yahoo Mail service and begin migration of Yahoo China Mail accounts Several options were offered to users to make the transition as smooth as possible and Yahoo China users had four months to migrate their accounts to the Aliyun mail service the Yahoo Mail service in the United States or to another third party e mail provider of the user s choice 168 Yahoo China closed its mail service on 19 August 2013 E mails sent to Yahoo China accounts could be forwarded to an Alimail box until 31 December 2014 Users were also allowed to transfer e mail accounts to yahoo com or any other e mail service It is estimated there are no more than a million users with Yahoo Mail for China and chances are they also own other e mail accounts 169 In 2014 Alibaba Group founded DingTalk an enterprise communication and collaboration platform Also known as Ding Ding the app was developed as part of efforts to compete with rival Tencent s WeChat 170 DingTalk is managed by Alibaba s cloud computing division 171 172 FinTech and online payment platforms edit nbsp Food ordered with AlipayIn 2004 the Alibaba Group launched Alipay a third party online payment platform It also provides an escrow service in which buyers can verify whether they are happy with goods they have bought before releasing money to the seller 84 Alibaba Group spun off Alipay in 2010 in a controversial move 173 According to analyst research report Alipay has the biggest market share in China with 300 million users and control of just under half of China s online payment market in February 2014 174 In 2013 Alipay launched a financial product platform called Yu ebao 余额宝 175 Alipay partnered with the Tianhong Asset Management to launch it to the general public 175 In 2015 Alibaba announced that they will introduce a system that can be paid by recognizing the owner s face 176 177 On 16 October 2014 the Alipay company was re branded as Ant Financial Services now Ant Group 178 One of the factors for Alibaba s success in this platform is the company s quick and reliable payment system where it offers several types of payment systems such as credit card debit card Alipay Quick pay and online banking These payment systems help to cope with simultaneous cash flow transactions with ease and convenience Ant Financial was ranked sixth in Fortune s Change the World list recognized for the positive green environmental impact of its Ant Forest the world s largest platform for tracking individuals carbon footprints Ant Financial and its partners have achieved considerable success in the reduction of CO2 emissions 179 180 Ant Financial is the highest valued fintech company in the world and the world s most valuable unicorn start up company with a valuation of US 150 billion 181 182 183 In August 2020 Ant Financial a subsidiary of Alibaba launched the IPO program valued at US 200 billion 184 Others edit In 2014 Alibaba and Yunfeng Capital a private equity firm launched AliHealth when the two companies bought a 54 stake in CITIC 21CN for HK 1 33 billion US 171 million 185 186 It is listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange as SEHK 241 It positions itself as a pharmaceutical e commerce business and medical services In the same year Alibaba acquired Chinese map supplier AutoNavi 187 In April 2015 the group also reached an agreement to transfer its online B2C pharmacy Tmall Medical yao Tmall com to AliHealth The integration provides consumers a wide range of pharmaceutical and health products available in China 188 In 2015 Alibaba later launched its Shanghai based sports division AliSports after a consolidation of some of the parent company s existing business units 189 The new company s operations encompass television and digital sports rights event operation venue commercialization copyright media business development gaming and ticketing 189 AliSports secured exclusive title sponsorship of the FIFA Club World Cup from 2015 to 2022 190 The company announced a Champion of Champions rugby sevens tournament in 2017 to be played in Shanghai for the highest prize money ever offered in the sport 191 In December 2015 Alibaba agreed to acquire the South China Morning Post and other media assets belonging to the group for a consideration of 266 million Although Alibaba promised editorial independence vice chairman Joseph Tsai said that Alibaba believes that the world needs a plurality of views when it comes to China coverage China s rise as an economic power and its importance to world stability is too important for there to be a singular thesis 192 The acquisition attracted media concerns over what this would mean for the newspaper s coverage 193 Other subsidiaries of Alibaba include Hangzhou Ali Venture Capital and Alibaba Entrepreneurs Fund Hangzhou Ali Venture Capital 杭州阿里创业投资 is a company 80 owned by Jack Ma and another manager of Alibaba For regulatory purpose Alibaba Group did not own the company directly but by pleading It was considered as a subsidiary and or consolidated entity of Alibaba Group 194 Ali Venture Capital is a shareholder of Beijing Enlight Media 195 and a domestic shareholder of China Unicom 196 The Alibaba Entrepreneurs Fund is a non profit making initiative launched by Alibaba Group in 2015 197 198 199 Alibaba also has invested in more than ten startups in Hong Kong including DayDayCook 200 GoGoVan 201 WeLend 202 and Qupital 203 204 In 2019 Alibaba launched China Russia flights in collaboration with Russian Post to assure fast shipping of products 205 Corporate governance edit nbsp Jack Ma founder and the former executive chairman of the Alibaba GroupAlibaba s main co founder Jack Ma served as the executive chairman of the Alibaba Group from its founding until 10 September 2019 Daniel Zhang succeeded Ma and has also served as Alibaba s CEO since 2015 206 J Michael Evans has served as Alibaba s president since 2015 207 Jack Ma had stepped down as CEO in 2013 and chose Jonathan Lu as his successor 208 209 The Alibaba Group under Lu was performing well though there were rumors that Ma was growing distrustful in Lu s ability to lead the company 210 211 Daniel Zhang who served as COO of Alibaba under Lu succeeded Lu as CEO in 2015 212 On 10 September 2018 Ma chose Zhang to succeed him as executive chairman of the Alibaba Group after his stepping down announcement and this would go into effect in 1 year on 10 September 2019 213 Since 2012 the Chinese Communist Party has had a Party Committee in place in the company and has over 2 000 party members as Alibaba employees 214 In September 2019 the municipal government of Hangzhou announced that it was assigning government officials to work with tech companies and manufacturers in Zhejiang province including Alibaba in what city officials stated was an effort to facilitate communication and expedite projects 215 216 After the Russian invasion of Ukraine Alibaba faced criticism for continuing to do business in Russia 217 In August 2023 Ukraine s National Agency on Corruption Prevention designated the company an international sponsor of war owing to it providing a platform for the sale of copper goods sourced from the occupied territories of Ukraine 218 Alibaba Group Holding Ltd has announced Joseph Tsai as the new chairman and Eddie Wu as the CEO This move comes as the company seeks to revive growth in the post crackdown era with Tsai providing strategic direction and Wu driving operational excellence 219 Social responsibility editOn 7 August 2021 Alibaba fired a manager who admitted to indecent acts with an inebriated employee 220 The case highlighted issues of sexual harassment in the workplace 221 Alibaba actively promotes female employment collaborating with the All China Women s Federation for community e commerce events The company also donates to UN Women to support female employment initiatives 222 Half of Alibaba s employees are women with one third of leadership roles especially in departments like human resources held by women 223 See also edit nbsp Companies portalVariable interest entity AmazonReferences edit a b c Sec Form F 1 REGISTRATION STATEMENT Alibaba Group Holding Limited Archived from the original on 4 January 2021 Retrieved 25 December 2020 Our offices Alibaba Group Archived from the original on 19 December 2018 Retrieved 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25 E 30 189602 N 120 190371 E 30 189602 120 190371 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alibaba Group amp oldid 1203636367, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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