The 45th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 45 degreesnorth of Earth's equator. It crosses Europe, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean. The 45th parallel north is often called the halfway point between the equator and the North Pole, but the true halfway point is 16.0 km (9.9 mi) north of it (approximately between 45°08'36" and 45°08'37") because Earth is an oblate spheroid; that is, it bulges at the equator and is flattened at the poles.[1]
In Europe the 45th parallel hits the Bay of Biscay coast of France in the west. It crosses the river Rhône at Pont-de-l'Isère, just north of Valence, Drôme and through Grenoble. It then continues across the Massif Central and into the Aquitaine region. The city of Bordeaux is just south of the parallel. East of Bordeaux, in the municipality of Saint Seurin sur l'Isle, it intersects the Prime Meridian in the corner of an unremarkable field by the side of the A89 highway. There is no marker or other indication of this singular point on the parallel. It can, however, be visited easily by taking secondary roads from Saint Seurin and consulting a standard GPS signal.
After leaving Russia the parallel passes through southern Kazakhstan, skirting the northern edge of the Ustyurt Plateau. It intersects the city of Burylbaytal at the southern tip of Lake Balkhash and the city of Qyzylorda further west. At the border with Uzbekistan it bisects the Aral Sea and its toxic Vozrozhdeniya Island peninsula, site of an abandoned Soviet bioweapons laboratory.
Throughout the United States the parallel is marked in many places on highways by a sign proclaiming that the location is halfway between the North Pole and the equator.[3][4][N 1]
Going from west to east, the line makes landfall at the Pacific coast in Oregon. After crossing Idaho and the Rocky Mountains, it makes up most of the boundary between Montana and Wyoming. It then passes through the Great Plains and continues further East directly through Minneapolis, MN.
In Michigan, the Old Mission Peninsula in Grand Traverse Bay ends just shy of the 45th parallel. Many guidebooks and signs at the Mission Point Lighthouse describe it as being halfway between the equator and north pole. When the Grand Traverse Bay recedes below normal level, it is possible to walk out to the exact line.
Further east, the 45th parallel roughly marks the Canada–United States border between the St. Lawrence and Connecticut rivers, between the Canadian province of Quebec and the states of New York and Vermont. The parallel is sometimes called the "Canada line" or the Collins–Valentine line. After the Seven Years' War, the 45th parallel was declared the boundary between New York and Quebec. Under the Webster–Ashburton Treaty of 1842, original measurement errors stand so that the boundary is not exactly at 45 degrees north but is where the survey monuments were erected in 1772. The actual boundary of Vermont lies approximately 1 kilometre (3,300 ft) north of the parallel due to an error in the 1772 survey.[6]
All of mainland New Brunswick lies north of the 45th parallel. Approximately two-thirds of Deer Island, plus all of Campobello and Grand Manan islands, are south of the 45th parallel.
The parallel roughly bisects mainland Nova Scotia. Halifax is approximately 40 km (25 mi) south of the parallel.
^Due to the fact that the Earth's equatorial radius is not exactly the same as its polar radius, the 45th parallel line is not exactly half way between the equator and the north pole when traversing the surface of the Earth. The 45th parallel line represents a perfect angle bisector between the equator and the north pole when seen from the Earth's center. See this image of a sign on the 45th parallel south for exact distance values.
References
^. 2 May 2006. Archived from the original on 2 May 2006. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
^. U.S. Naval Observatory. 2019-09-24. Archived from the original on 2019-10-12. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
^"Concord Monitor: "New Hampshire is halfway between the equator and the North Pole – just don't ask where"". concordmonitor.com. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
^Brown, K. Williams (July 10, 2011). "The beauty of halfwayism". Statesman Journal. Salem, Oregon. p. 5D. Retrieved July 9, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
^"The First Charter of Virginia; April 10, 1606". The Avalon Project. 2008.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 45th parallel north.
The 45th Parallel at the Minnesota Museum of the Mississippi and Other Natural Wonders
From the Minas Astronomy Group:
45th Parallel Markers
Degree Confluence Project
February 17, 2023
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The 45th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 45 degrees north of Earth s equator It crosses Europe Asia the Pacific Ocean North America and the Atlantic Ocean The 45th parallel north is often called the halfway point between the equator and the North Pole but the true halfway point is 16 0 km 9 9 mi north of it approximately between 45 08 36 and 45 08 37 because Earth is an oblate spheroid that is it bulges at the equator and is flattened at the poles 1 45 class notpageimage 45th parallel north Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap Download coordinates as KMLAt this latitude the sun is visible for 15 hours 37 minutes during the summer solstice and 8 hours 46 minutes during the winter solstice The midday Sun stands 21 6 above the southern horizon at the December solstice 68 4 at the June solstice and exactly 45 0 at either equinox 2 Contents 1 Around the world 2 Europe 3 Asia 4 North America 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External linksAround the world EditStarting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards the parallel 45 north passes through Co ordinates Country territoryor sea Notes45 0 N 0 0 E 45 000 N 0 000 E 45 000 0 000 Prime Meridian France Aquitaine Midi Pyrenees Limousin Auvergne Rhone Alpes passing just south of Grenoble Provence Alpes Cote d Azur45 0 N 6 44 E 45 000 N 6 733 E 45 000 6 733 Italy Italy Piedmont passing just south of Turin Lombardy passing by Voghera Emilia Romagna passing just south of Piacenza Lombardy Veneto passing just south of Rovigo45 0 N 12 27 E 45 000 N 12 450 E 45 000 12 450 Adriatic Sea Adriatic Sea Gulf of Venice45 0 N 13 44 E 45 000 N 13 733 E 45 000 13 733 Croatia Croatia Istrian Peninsula islands of Cres and Krk and the mainland again45 0 N 15 46 E 45 000 N 15 767 E 45 000 15 767 Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina45 0 N 18 44 E 45 000 N 18 733 E 45 000 18 733 Croatia Croatia45 0 N 19 6 E 45 000 N 19 100 E 45 000 19 100 Serbia Serbia Passing through the centre of Ruma and through northern part of Sremska MitrovicaPassing through the northern edge of Stara Pazova 30 kilometres NW of Belgrade45 0 N 21 24 E 45 000 N 21 400 E 45 000 21 400 Romania Romania Passing just north of Ploiești and just south of Targu Jiu and Ramnicu Valcea45 0 N 29 39 E 45 000 N 29 650 E 45 000 29 650 Black Sea Black Sea45 0 N 33 36 E 45 000 N 33 600 E 45 000 33 600 Ukraine Crimea Controlled by Russia claimed by Ukraine passing just north of Simferopol and just south of Feodosiya45 0 N 35 24 E 45 000 N 35 400 E 45 000 35 400 Black Sea Black Sea45 0 N 37 13 E 45 000 N 37 217 E 45 000 37 217 Russia Russia Passing just south of Krasnodar and just south of Stavropol45 0 N 47 15 E 45 000 N 47 250 E 45 000 47 250 Caspian Sea Caspian Sea45 0 N 51 4 E 45 000 N 51 067 E 45 000 51 067 Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Mangystau Province45 0 N 56 0 E 45 000 N 56 000 E 45 000 56 000 Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Karakalpakstan autonomous republic including Vozrozhdeniya Island in the Aral Sea45 0 N 59 50 E 45 000 N 59 833 E 45 000 59 833 Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Kyzylorda Province South Kazakhstan Province Zhambyl Province Almaty Province45 0 N 80 2 E 45 000 N 80 033 E 45 000 80 033 China People s Republic of China Xinjiang passing through a 45 90 point halfway between the North Pole and the Equator and halfway between the Prime Meridian and the 180th meridian 45 0 N 93 13 E 45 000 N 93 217 E 45 000 93 217 Mongolia Mongolia Govi Altai Province Bayankhongor Province Ovorkhangai Province Dundgovi Province Dornogovi Province45 0 N 111 46 E 45 000 N 111 767 E 45 000 111 767 China People s Republic of China Inner Mongolia45 0 N 112 31 E 45 000 N 112 517 E 45 000 112 517 Mongolia Mongolia Sukhbaatar Province45 0 N 114 7 E 45 000 N 114 117 E 45 000 114 117 China People s Republic of China Inner Mongolia Jilin Heilongjiang45 0 N 131 30 E 45 000 N 131 500 E 45 000 131 500 Russia Russia Primorsky Krai passing through Lake Khanka45 0 N 136 37 E 45 000 N 136 617 E 45 000 136 617 Sea of Japan Sea of Japan Passing just south of Rishiri Island Japan45 0 N 141 41 E 45 000 N 141 683 E 45 000 141 683 Japan Japan Hokkaidō45 0 N 142 32 E 45 000 N 142 533 E 45 000 142 533 Sea of Okhotsk Sea of Okhotsk45 0 N 147 31 E 45 000 N 147 517 E 45 000 147 517 Kuril Islands Kuril Islands Island of Iturup administered by Russia claimed by Japan45 0 N 147 59 E 45 000 N 147 983 E 45 000 147 983 Pacific Ocean Pacific Ocean45 0 N 124 1 W 45 000 N 124 017 W 45 000 124 017 United States United States Oregon passing just north of Salem Idaho Montana Montana Wyoming border South Dakota Minnesota passing through Minneapolis Wisconsin passing through a 45 90 point halfway between the North Pole and the Equator and halfway between the Prime Meridian and the 180th meridian 45 0 N 87 37 W 45 000 N 87 617 W 45 000 87 617 Lake Michigan Lake Michigan Green Bay territorial waters of the United States45 0 N 87 21 W 45 000 N 87 350 W 45 000 87 350 United States United States Wisconsin Door Peninsula45 0 N 87 9 W 45 000 N 87 150 W 45 000 87 150 Lake Michigan Lake Michigan Territorial waters of the United States45 0 N 86 9 W 45 000 N 86 150 W 45 000 86 150 United States United States Michigan South Manitou Island45 0 N 86 5 W 45 000 N 86 083 W 45 000 86 083 Lake Michigan Lake Michigan Territorial waters of the United States45 0 N 85 46 W 45 000 N 85 767 W 45 000 85 767 United States United States Michigan Leelanau Peninsula Leelanau County 45 0 N 86 5 W 45 000 N 86 083 W 45 000 86 083 Lake Michigan Lake Michigan Grand Traverse Bay territorial waters of the United States45 0 N 85 47 W 45 000 N 85 783 W 45 000 85 783 United States United States Michigan Antrim County Otsego County Montmorency County and Alpena County 45 0 N 83 26 W 45 000 N 83 433 W 45 000 83 433 Lake Huron Lake Huron Territorial waters of the United States and Canada45 0 N 81 27 W 45 000 N 81 450 W 45 000 81 450 Canada Canada Ontario Bruce Peninsula45 0 N 81 11 W 45 000 N 81 183 W 45 000 81 183 Lake Huron Lake Huron Georgian Bay territorial waters of Canada45 0 N 79 59 W 45 000 N 79 983 W 45 000 79 983 Canada Canada Ontario45 0 N 74 54 W 45 000 N 74 900 W 45 000 74 900 United States United States New York state for about 10 km 6 21 mi 45 0 N 74 46 W 45 000 N 74 767 W 45 000 74 767 Canada Canada Ontario Cornwall Island Quebec running just north of the border with New York United States45 0 N 73 54 W 45 000 N 73 900 W 45 000 73 900 United States United States New York running just south of the border with Quebec Canada Vermont running just south of the border with Quebec Canada New Hampshire Maine45 0 N 67 4 W 45 000 N 67 067 W 45 000 67 067 Passamaquoddy Bay Passamaquoddy Bay45 0 N 67 0 W 45 000 N 67 000 W 45 000 67 000 Canada Canada Deer Island New Brunswick45 0 N 66 57 W 45 000 N 66 950 W 45 000 66 950 Bay of Fundy Bay of Fundy Territorial waters of Canada45 0 N 65 10 W 45 000 N 65 167 W 45 000 65 167 Canada Canada Nova Scotia passing just north of Fort Edward45 0 N 61 57 W 45 000 N 61 950 W 45 000 61 950 Atlantic Ocean Atlantic Ocean45 0 N 1 12 W 45 000 N 1 200 W 45 000 1 200 France France Aquitaine passing just north of BordeauxEurope Edit Sundial at the 45th parallel in Senj Croatia In Europe the 45th parallel hits the Bay of Biscay coast of France in the west It crosses the river Rhone at Pont de l Isere just north of Valence Drome and through Grenoble It then continues across the Massif Central and into the Aquitaine region The city of Bordeaux is just south of the parallel East of Bordeaux in the municipality of Saint Seurin sur l Isle it intersects the Prime Meridian in the corner of an unremarkable field by the side of the A89 highway There is no marker or other indication of this singular point on the parallel It can however be visited easily by taking secondary roads from Saint Seurin and consulting a standard GPS signal In northern Italy it parallels the river Po near Rovigo passing by Voghera then just south of Turin before passing into France in the Cottian Alps Further east it passes through the Balkans Romania just north of Ploiești and through Targu Jiu the Serbian autonomous province of Vojvodina the eastern tip of Croatia the northern edge of Bosnia and Herzegovina and a section of Adriatic Croatia The capital city of Serbia Belgrade is just south of the parallel In Russia it runs from the west coast of the Caspian Sea to the east coast of the Black Sea through the Republic of Kalmykia Stavropol Krai and its capital Stavropol and Krasnodar Krai and its capital Krasnodar In Ukraine it crosses the Crimea and its capital Simferopol Asia EditAfter leaving Russia the parallel passes through southern Kazakhstan skirting the northern edge of the Ustyurt Plateau It intersects the city of Burylbaytal at the southern tip of Lake Balkhash and the city of Qyzylorda further west At the border with Uzbekistan it bisects the Aral Sea and its toxic Vozrozhdeniya Island peninsula site of an abandoned Soviet bioweapons laboratory In northwest China it passes through the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang and the oil city of Karamay Transecting southern Mongolia it passes through the provinces of Sukhbaatar Dornogovi and its capital Sainshand Dundgovi Ovorkhangai Bayankhongor Govi Altai and Khovd At Khanka Lake it enters northeast China cutting across Heilongjiang and continuing through part of Jilin and eastern Inner Mongolia It leaves the Asian mainland on the coast of Primorsky Krai in Russia north of Vladivostok and continues through the northern part of the Sea of Japan It passes through Rishiri Rebun Sarobetsu National Park and the adjacent town of Horonobe on the northern tip of Hokkaidō the northernmost of Japan s main islands before heading east across the North Pacific Ocean North America Edit The part of the 45th parallel called the Collins Valentine line defines part of the international border between Quebec Canada and New York and Vermont United States The 45th parallel defines most of the border between Montana and Wyoming in the United States Throughout the United States the parallel is marked in many places on highways by a sign proclaiming that the location is halfway between the North Pole and the equator 3 4 N 1 The 45th parallel forms some boundaries of or passes through many U S states Oregon Idaho Montana Wyoming South Dakota Minnesota Wisconsin Michigan New York Vermont New Hampshire and Maine as well as going through the Canadian provinces of Ontario Quebec New Brunswick and Nova Scotia The parallel once formed the northern boundary of the original Colony of Virginia as outlined in the London Company charter 5 Going from west to east the line makes landfall at the Pacific coast in Oregon After crossing Idaho and the Rocky Mountains it makes up most of the boundary between Montana and Wyoming It then passes through the Great Plains and continues further East directly through Minneapolis MN In Michigan the Old Mission Peninsula in Grand Traverse Bay ends just shy of the 45th parallel Many guidebooks and signs at the Mission Point Lighthouse describe it as being halfway between the equator and north pole When the Grand Traverse Bay recedes below normal level it is possible to walk out to the exact line Further east the 45th parallel roughly marks the Canada United States border between the St Lawrence and Connecticut rivers between the Canadian province of Quebec and the states of New York and Vermont The parallel is sometimes called the Canada line or the Collins Valentine line After the Seven Years War the 45th parallel was declared the boundary between New York and Quebec Under the Webster Ashburton Treaty of 1842 original measurement errors stand so that the boundary is not exactly at 45 degrees north but is where the survey monuments were erected in 1772 The actual boundary of Vermont lies approximately 1 kilometre 3 300 ft north of the parallel due to an error in the 1772 survey 6 All of mainland New Brunswick lies north of the 45th parallel Approximately two thirds of Deer Island plus all of Campobello and Grand Manan islands are south of the 45th parallel The parallel roughly bisects mainland Nova Scotia Halifax is approximately 40 km 25 mi south of the parallel Marker on Interstate 5 near Keizer Oregon 45th parallel marker in Roseville Minnesota New Hampshire historical marker number 115 for the 45th parallelSee also Edit45th parallel south 44th parallel north 46th parallel north 45 90 pointsNotes Edit Due to the fact that the Earth s equatorial radius is not exactly the same as its polar radius the 45th parallel line is not exactly half way between the equator and the north pole when traversing the surface of the Earth The 45th parallel line represents a perfect angle bisector between the equator and the north pole when seen from the Earth s center See this image of a sign on the 45th parallel south for exact distance values References Edit The Half Way to the Pole Line 2 May 2006 Archived from the original on 2 May 2006 Retrieved 16 July 2018 Duration of Daylight Darkness Table for One Year U S Naval Observatory 2019 09 24 Archived from the original on 2019 10 12 Retrieved 2021 03 10 Concord Monitor New Hampshire is halfway between the equator and the North Pole just don t ask where concordmonitor com Retrieved 19 April 2018 Brown K Williams July 10 2011 The beauty of halfwayism Statesman Journal Salem Oregon p 5D Retrieved July 9 2018 via Newspapers com The First Charter of Virginia April 10 1606 The Avalon Project 2008 The Canada U S Border Townships Heritage WebMagazine townshipsheritage com Retrieved 19 April 2018 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to 45th parallel north The 45th Parallel at the Minnesota Museum of the Mississippi and Other Natural Wonders From the Minas Astronomy Group Midway from the Equator to the North Pole 45th Parallel Markers Degree Confluence Project Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 45th parallel north amp oldid 1131038305, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
