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M40 recoilless rifle

January 07, 2023

Not to be confused with M40 rifle.

The M40 recoilless rifle[17][18][19][20] is a portable, crew-served 105 mm recoilless rifle made in the United States. Intended primarily as an anti-tank weapon, it could also be employed in an antipersonnel role with the use of an antipersonnel-tracer flechette round. The bore was commonly described as being 106 mm caliber but is in fact 105 mm; the 106 mm designation was intended to prevent confusion with incompatible 105 mm ammunition from the failed M27.[21] The air-cooled, breech-loaded, single-shot rifle fired fixed ammunition and was used primarily from a wheeled ground mount. It was designed for direct firing only, and sighting equipment for this purpose was furnished with each weapon, including an affixed spotting rifle.

M40 Recoilless Rifle
A deactivated M40 on display at the Philippine Army Museum.
TypeRecoilless rifle
Place of originUnited States
Service history
In service1955 – present
Used bySee Users
Wars
Production history
ManufacturerWatervliet Arsenal
Specifications
Mass209.5 kg (462 lb)
Length3.404 m (11 ft 2 in)
Height1.12 m (3 ft 8 in)
Shell105×607mmR (HEAT, HEP, HEAP, Canister)
Caliber105 mm (4.1 in)
RecoilRecoilless
CarriageTripod
Elevation−17° to +65° (between mount legs)
−17° to +27° (over mount leg)[15]
Traverse360°
Muzzle velocity503 m/s (1,650 ft/s)[15] (M344 HEAT)
Effective firing range1,350 m (1,480 yd)
Maximum firing range6,870 m (M346A1 HEP-T)[16]
Ontos M50A1 with six 106 mm M40 recoilless rifles

A limited number of M50 Ontos were built as a self-propelled light armored tracked anti-tank vehicle. They had six 106 mm M40 recoilless rifles as its main armament, which could be fired in rapid succession against a single target to guarantee a kill.

Replacing the M27 recoilless rifle, the M40 primarily saw action during the Vietnam War and was widely used during various conflicts thereafter in Africa or in the Middle East. It was replaced by the BGM-71 TOW anti-tank missile system in the US Armed Forces.

Design history

The earlier M27 recoilless rifle was a 105-mm weapon developed in the early 1950s and fielded in the Korean War. Although a recoilless rifle of this caliber had been a concept since the Second World War, the weapon was hurriedly produced with the onset of the Korean War. The speed with which it was developed and fielded resulted in problems with reliability caused by trunnions that were mounted too far to the rear. The M27 was also considered too heavy by the U.S. Army and had a disappointing effective range due to the lack of a spotting rifle. Taking the M27 as the basis for a new design, the Army developed an improved version of the M27 that was type-designated the M40 106-mm recoilless rifle in 1955.[22] Although unsuitable for military purposes, M27 recoilless rifles were used to trigger controlled avalanches at ski resorts and mountain passes in the United States.[23]

Description

The M40 is shaped like a long tube with an M8C .50 cal spotting rifle above. The spotting rifle fires a round whose trajectory closely matches that of the 105 mm round and gives off a puff of smoke on impact with the target. On the left side, there is an elevating wheel, in the center of which is the trigger wheel used to fine adjust the elevation and at the same time firing the spotting rifle when pulled, and the gun when pushed. The mounting is a tripod, but the front leg has a castering wheel. On top of the mount is a traverse wheel. On the center of the traverse wheel is a locking wheel, when the wheel is down, the rifle is locked in traverse, and can only be moved right and left with the traverse wheel. When the wheel is raised, the rifle can be traversed by hand. Austria produced a two-wheeled mount for the M40.

The whole mounting can be placed on an M151 Jeep for mobile use.[24] It has also been mounted on M113s, UMM 4x4s,[24] Jongas,[25] Fath Safirs,[26] Land Rover Defenders,[27] Mercedes-Benz G-Wagen,[28] Hotchkiss M201 jeeps,[1] Toyota Land Cruisers,[8] Jeep CJs, Willys M38s, HMMWVs, M274 Mechanical Mules, Tiuna 106mm weapons platforms, KADDB Al Jawad vehicles, RBY MK 1s, AIL Abirs and AIL Storms.[7] They were also used on US Navy minesweepers (MSO) during Operation Market Time in Vietnam.

A special vehicle called the Ontos carried six M40s. A version specific to the T195E5 mount, the M40A1C, was used. It was used only by the U.S. Marine Corps. Japan produced a self-propelled gun called the Type 60, which carried two side by side. Some Pakistani M113s have a dual mounting.[citation needed] Three Panagopoulos coastal patrol boats class of the Hellenic Coast Guard and the Hellenic Navy in service of 1976-2003 was armed with two sextuples M40.[citation needed]

The M40 was a very successful export item and continues to be used by South Korea, Ecuador, Estonia, Greece, Honduras, Iran, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, the Philippines, Taiwan, Turkey, Colombia, Venezuela and many others, as well as anti-government forces in the Libyan Civil War and Syrian civil war.[11]

Non-US production

 
Jonga, mounted with 105 mm RCL gun which destroyed most of the tanks during the 1965 and 1971 Indo-Pakistani wars
Country Producer Local name Remarks
Austria Lohner GmbH 10.6 cm rPAK M40A1 Locally produced carriage[29]
China Norinco Type 75[30] Towed and SP versions[24]
India Ordnance Factory Board Mounted on tripods or on Jongas[25]
Iran Defense Industries Organization [24][31]
Japan Japan Steel Works Type 60
Pakistan Pakistan Machine Tool Factory Limited [32]
South Korea Kia Machine Tool Company KM40A2 [24]
Spain Santa Bárbara Sistemas[33] CSR-106[34]


Ammunition

Ammunition for the 105 mm rifle was issued as one-piece fixed cartridges. The term "fixed" means that the projectile and the cartridge case are crimped together. This ensures correct alignment of the projectile and the cartridge case. It also permits faster loading because the projectile and the cartridge case are loaded as one unit. The rear end of the cartridge case is perforated, to allow the propellant gas to escape through the vented breech, thus neutralizing recoil. Most projectiles (except HEAT) used are pre-engraved, that is, the rotating bands are cut to engage the rifled bore.[35] If the round was not rotated slightly when loading the M40 it could result in jamming in the breech.

Types of ammunition included HEAT, High Explosive Plastic-Tracer (HEP-T), canister, High Explosive Anti Personnel, and the M368 dummy round which could not be fired and was used for crew drill. The original U.S. HEAT round penetrated more than 400 mm of armor. Near the end of the M40's service life, both Austria and Sweden produced HEAT rounds for the weapon capable of penetrating more than 700 mm of armor.[36]

Producer Round
name		 Type Proj
Weight		 Proj
Filler		 Filler
weight		 Armor
penetration		 Effective
range
United States M494 APERS-T N/A N/A N/A N/A 300 m
United States M581 APERS 9.89 kg flechettes 4.94 kg N/A 300 m
Spain M-DN11 HEAP 3.6 kg Hexogen 0.77 kg N/A 1500 m
West Germany Diehl 106 mm Fragmentation 8 kg steel balls 3.5 kg N/A N/A[37]
France NR 160 HEAT-T N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
France NR 483 APERS N/A flechettes N/A N/A N/A
France NR 601 HESH-T 7.8 kg Comp. A3 N/A N/A N/A
Italy PFF HE 9.89 kg Comp. B N/A N/A N/A
United States M346A1 HEP-T 7.96 kg Comp. A3 3.5 kg N/A[38] N/A
United States M344A1 HEAT 7.96 kg Comp. B 1.27 kg over 400 mm[39] 1350 m
Pakistan M344A1 type round HEAT 6 kg N/A N/A 500 mm 2012 m[32]
India ? HEAT 16.78 kg (round) N/A N/A 600 mm 1372 m[25]
Sweden 106 3A HEAT-T 5.5 kg Octol 1.0 kg over 700 mm[40] 2000 m
Austria RAT 700 HEAT 5.0 kg N/A 1.1 kg over 700 mm N/A[41]
Austria 3.1 RAT 700 HEAT-T 5.7 kg Octastit 1.1 kg over 700 mm N/A[42]

Spotting rifle

The ammunition for the M8C spotting rifle is not .50 BMG, but a 12.7x77mm (22mm shorter) round than used in .50 caliber machine guns. The spotter round was developed to replicate the trajectory of the 106 mm ammunition, and features a tracer element and a point-detonating incendiary filler to create a puff of white smoke at the impact point. Four of the six 106mm rifles on the M50 Ontos mounted spotter rifles. Spotter rounds has a yellow tip with a red band and practice cartridges had a green tip.

Although the spotting rifle could conceivably be used in an antipersonnel role, historic U.S. military doctrine strongly discouraged this use, for a purely tactical reason—to conceal the vulnerable M40 and its crew from the enemy until the main rifle was ready to fire. However, this restriction is believed to be the source of a long-standing misconception that the laws of war restrict the use of .50-caliber projectiles against enemy personnel more generally.[43]

Civilian use

In the early 1990s, the United States Forest Service (USFS) introduced the M40 for avalanche control as ammunition stocks for its M27 rifles became depleted. The M40 was initially successful due to operational similarities to the familiar M27 and ready availability from the U.S. military; however, in 1995, a USFS gunner was killed by shrapnel after a low-level premature warhead detonation inside an M40 barrel. The accident was attributed to an undiscovered hairline crack in the projectile's base plate. Following this incident, most USFS M40s were quickly replaced with surplus 105 mm howitzers, but a few were kept in service with safety barriers to protect the gunners, who fired the guns remotely. In December 2002, two M40s at Mammoth Mountain were destroyed by catastrophic bore explosions 13 days apart. The gunners were uninjured, having been protected by the safety barriers, but the incidents prompted the USFS to retire all remaining M40s in July 2003.[44]

Also in the mid 1990s, Parks Canada acquired four M40s for avalanche control to replace the Canadian Armed Forces using 105 mm towed howitzers in Rogers Pass (British Columbia) on the Trans-Canada Highway. Special pedestals were built at specific locations and a pneumatic remote firing system was devised to allow the operators to fire the recoilless rifle safely in case of ammunition malfunction. After a trial period, the M40s plan was abandoned and the Canadian Armed Forces once again began providing 105mm towed howitzers and artillery personnel to conduct avalanche control.[citation needed]

Users


Gallery

  •  

    Greek Mercedes 240G M40 carrier. Note the metal guard to protect the engine from the gun blast.

  •  

    Firing the gun from a Mercedes 240G

  •  

    An ex-Australian Army M40 recoilless rifle mounted on a Land Rover on display in the grounds of the Australian War Memorial

  •  

    A rather uncommon use of the M40 on a Greek fast patrol boat, circa 1982

  •  

    The same Greek fast patrol boat

  •  

    A Pakistan Army (Obtained from the Pakistan Army in 1971 war) M40 recoilless rifle mounted on a Willys Jeep M38A1 on display in the Bangladesh Military Museum.

  •  

    U.S. Marines manning an M40 during the Battle of Huế in the Vietnam War.

See also

References

Notes

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  2. ^ Higgins, David R. (20 Jan 2016). M48 Patton vs Centurion: Indo-Pakistani War 1965. Duel 71. Osprey Publishing. p. 71. ISBN 9781472810922.
  3. ^ a b Dunstan, Simon (10 Oct 2009). The Six Day War 1967: Sinai. Campaign 212. Osprey Publishing. p. 77. ISBN 9781846033636.
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  9. ^ Neville 2018, p. 21.
  10. ^ Neville 2018, pp. 40, 42.
  11. ^ a b c d e f McNally, Brendan (May 31, 2013). "Ancient U.S. Weapon Makes a Surprise Reappearance in Syria". Wired. from the original on March 28, 2014. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
  12. ^ a b Neville 2018, pp. 12, 34–35.
  13. ^ "La 52ème brigade de la mobilisation populaire chiite, milice turkmène pro-iranienne en Irak". France Soir (in French). 16 August 2017. from the original on 28 February 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
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Bibliography

External links

 
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January 07, 2023
recoilless, rifle, confused, with, rifle, portable, crew, served, recoilless, rifle, made, united, states, intended, primarily, anti, tank, weapon, could, also, employed, antipersonnel, role, with, antipersonnel, tracer, flechette, round, bore, commonly, descr. Not to be confused with M40 rifle The M40 recoilless rifle 17 18 19 20 is a portable crew served 105 mm recoilless rifle made in the United States Intended primarily as an anti tank weapon it could also be employed in an antipersonnel role with the use of an antipersonnel tracer flechette round The bore was commonly described as being 106 mm caliber but is in fact 105 mm the 106 mm designation was intended to prevent confusion with incompatible 105 mm ammunition from the failed M27 21 The air cooled breech loaded single shot rifle fired fixed ammunition and was used primarily from a wheeled ground mount It was designed for direct firing only and sighting equipment for this purpose was furnished with each weapon including an affixed spotting rifle M40 Recoilless RifleA deactivated M40 on display at the Philippine Army Museum TypeRecoilless riflePlace of originUnited StatesService historyIn service1955 presentUsed bySee UsersWarsVietnam War Suez Crisis Algerian War 1 Portuguese Colonial War Cambodian Civil War Laotian Civil War Indo Pakistani War of 1965 2 Six Day War 3 Western Sahara War Angolan Civil War 4 Indo Pakistani War of 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War 5 Rhodesian Bush War Nicaraguan Revolution Third Indochina War Soviet Afghan War Iran Iraq War Lebanese Civil War 6 Salvadoran Civil War 7 Chadian Libyan conflict 8 Somali Civil War 9 1989 Philippine coup d etat attempt Gulf War 10 War in Afghanistan 11 Libyan Civil War 12 Syrian Civil War 11 Iraqi Civil War 2014 2017 13 Yemeni Civil War 2015 present 14 Production historyManufacturerWatervliet ArsenalSpecificationsMass209 5 kg 462 lb Length3 404 m 11 ft 2 in Height1 12 m 3 ft 8 in Shell105 607mmR HEAT HEP HEAP Canister Caliber105 mm 4 1 in RecoilRecoillessCarriageTripodElevation 17 to 65 between mount legs 17 to 27 over mount leg 15 Traverse360 Muzzle velocity503 m s 1 650 ft s 15 M344 HEAT Effective firing range1 350 m 1 480 yd Maximum firing range6 870 m M346A1 HEP T 16 Ontos M50A1 with six 106 mm M40 recoilless rifles A limited number of M50 Ontos were built as a self propelled light armored tracked anti tank vehicle They had six 106 mm M40 recoilless rifles as its main armament which could be fired in rapid succession against a single target to guarantee a kill Replacing the M27 recoilless rifle the M40 primarily saw action during the Vietnam War and was widely used during various conflicts thereafter in Africa or in the Middle East It was replaced by the BGM 71 TOW anti tank missile system in the US Armed Forces Contents 1 Design history 2 Description 3 Non US production 4 Ammunition 4 1 Spotting rifle 5 Civilian use 6 Users 7 Gallery 8 See also 9 References 9 1 Notes 9 2 Bibliography 10 External linksDesign history EditThe earlier M27 recoilless rifle was a 105 mm weapon developed in the early 1950s and fielded in the Korean War Although a recoilless rifle of this caliber had been a concept since the Second World War the weapon was hurriedly produced with the onset of the Korean War The speed with which it was developed and fielded resulted in problems with reliability caused by trunnions that were mounted too far to the rear The M27 was also considered too heavy by the U S Army and had a disappointing effective range due to the lack of a spotting rifle Taking the M27 as the basis for a new design the Army developed an improved version of the M27 that was type designated the M40 106 mm recoilless rifle in 1955 22 Although unsuitable for military purposes M27 recoilless rifles were used to trigger controlled avalanches at ski resorts and mountain passes in the United States 23 Description EditThe M40 is shaped like a long tube with an M8C 50 cal spotting rifle above The spotting rifle fires a round whose trajectory closely matches that of the 105 mm round and gives off a puff of smoke on impact with the target On the left side there is an elevating wheel in the center of which is the trigger wheel used to fine adjust the elevation and at the same time firing the spotting rifle when pulled and the gun when pushed The mounting is a tripod but the front leg has a castering wheel On top of the mount is a traverse wheel On the center of the traverse wheel is a locking wheel when the wheel is down the rifle is locked in traverse and can only be moved right and left with the traverse wheel When the wheel is raised the rifle can be traversed by hand Austria produced a two wheeled mount for the M40 The whole mounting can be placed on an M151 Jeep for mobile use 24 It has also been mounted on M113s UMM 4x4s 24 Jongas 25 Fath Safirs 26 Land Rover Defenders 27 Mercedes Benz G Wagen 28 Hotchkiss M201 jeeps 1 Toyota Land Cruisers 8 Jeep CJs Willys M38s HMMWVs M274 Mechanical Mules Tiuna 106mm weapons platforms KADDB Al Jawad vehicles RBY MK 1s AIL Abirs and AIL Storms 7 They were also used on US Navy minesweepers MSO during Operation Market Time in Vietnam A special vehicle called the Ontos carried six M40s A version specific to the T195E5 mount the M40A1C was used It was used only by the U S Marine Corps Japan produced a self propelled gun called the Type 60 which carried two side by side Some Pakistani M113s have a dual mounting citation needed Three Panagopoulos coastal patrol boats class of the Hellenic Coast Guard and the Hellenic Navy in service of 1976 2003 was armed with two sextuples M40 citation needed The M40 was a very successful export item and continues to be used by South Korea Ecuador Estonia Greece Honduras Iran Lebanon Malaysia Mexico Morocco the Philippines Taiwan Turkey Colombia Venezuela and many others as well as anti government forces in the Libyan Civil War and Syrian civil war 11 Non US production Edit Jonga mounted with 105 mm RCL gun which destroyed most of the tanks during the 1965 and 1971 Indo Pakistani wars Country Producer Local name RemarksAustria Lohner GmbH 10 6 cm rPAK M40A1 Locally produced carriage 29 China Norinco Type 75 30 Towed and SP versions 24 India Ordnance Factory Board Mounted on tripods or on Jongas 25 Iran Defense Industries Organization 24 31 Japan Japan Steel Works Type 60Pakistan Pakistan Machine Tool Factory Limited 32 South Korea Kia Machine Tool Company KM40A2 24 Spain Santa Barbara Sistemas 33 CSR 106 34 Ammunition EditAmmunition for the 105 mm rifle was issued as one piece fixed cartridges The term fixed means that the projectile and the cartridge case are crimped together This ensures correct alignment of the projectile and the cartridge case It also permits faster loading because the projectile and the cartridge case are loaded as one unit The rear end of the cartridge case is perforated to allow the propellant gas to escape through the vented breech thus neutralizing recoil Most projectiles except HEAT used are pre engraved that is the rotating bands are cut to engage the rifled bore 35 If the round was not rotated slightly when loading the M40 it could result in jamming in the breech Types of ammunition included HEAT High Explosive Plastic Tracer HEP T canister High Explosive Anti Personnel and the M368 dummy round which could not be fired and was used for crew drill The original U S HEAT round penetrated more than 400 mm of armor Near the end of the M40 s service life both Austria and Sweden produced HEAT rounds for the weapon capable of penetrating more than 700 mm of armor 36 Producer Round name Type Proj Weight Proj Filler Filler weight Armor penetration Effective rangeUnited States M494 APERS T N A N A N A N A 300 mUnited States M581 APERS 9 89 kg flechettes 4 94 kg N A 300 mSpain M DN11 HEAP 3 6 kg Hexogen 0 77 kg N A 1500 mWest Germany Diehl 106 mm Fragmentation 8 kg steel balls 3 5 kg N A N A 37 France NR 160 HEAT T N A N A N A N A N AFrance NR 483 APERS N A flechettes N A N A N AFrance NR 601 HESH T 7 8 kg Comp A3 N A N A N AItaly PFF HE 9 89 kg Comp B N A N A N AUnited States M346A1 HEP T 7 96 kg Comp A3 3 5 kg N A 38 N AUnited States M344A1 HEAT 7 96 kg Comp B 1 27 kg over 400 mm 39 1350 mPakistan M344A1 type round HEAT 6 kg N A N A 500 mm 2012 m 32 India HEAT 16 78 kg round N A N A 600 mm 1372 m 25 Sweden 106 3A HEAT T 5 5 kg Octol 1 0 kg over 700 mm 40 2000 mAustria RAT 700 HEAT 5 0 kg N A 1 1 kg over 700 mm N A 41 Austria 3 1 RAT 700 HEAT T 5 7 kg Octastit 1 1 kg over 700 mm N A 42 Spotting rifle Edit The ammunition for the M8C spotting rifle is not 50 BMG but a 12 7x77mm 22mm shorter round than used in 50 caliber machine guns The spotter round was developed to replicate the trajectory of the 106 mm ammunition and features a tracer element and a point detonating incendiary filler to create a puff of white smoke at the impact point Four of the six 106mm rifles on the M50 Ontos mounted spotter rifles Spotter rounds has a yellow tip with a red band and practice cartridges had a green tip Although the spotting rifle could conceivably be used in an antipersonnel role historic U S military doctrine strongly discouraged this use for a purely tactical reason to conceal the vulnerable M40 and its crew from the enemy until the main rifle was ready to fire However this restriction is believed to be the source of a long standing misconception that the laws of war restrict the use of 50 caliber projectiles against enemy personnel more generally 43 Civilian use EditIn the early 1990s the United States Forest Service USFS introduced the M40 for avalanche control as ammunition stocks for its M27 rifles became depleted The M40 was initially successful due to operational similarities to the familiar M27 and ready availability from the U S military however in 1995 a USFS gunner was killed by shrapnel after a low level premature warhead detonation inside an M40 barrel The accident was attributed to an undiscovered hairline crack in the projectile s base plate Following this incident most USFS M40s were quickly replaced with surplus 105 mm howitzers but a few were kept in service with safety barriers to protect the gunners who fired the guns remotely In December 2002 two M40s at Mammoth Mountain were destroyed by catastrophic bore explosions 13 days apart The gunners were uninjured having been protected by the safety barriers but the incidents prompted the USFS to retire all remaining M40s in July 2003 44 Also in the mid 1990s Parks Canada acquired four M40s for avalanche control to replace the Canadian Armed Forces using 105 mm towed howitzers in Rogers Pass British Columbia on the Trans Canada Highway Special pedestals were built at specific locations and a pneumatic remote firing system was devised to allow the operators to fire the recoilless rifle safely in case of ammunition malfunction After a trial period the M40s plan was abandoned and the Canadian Armed Forces once again began providing 105mm towed howitzers and artillery personnel to conduct avalanche control citation needed Users Edit Angola used by mercenaries of FNLA on Land Rovers 27 and by UNITA 4 Australia replaced the 6 pdr gun from 1961 Remained in service into the 1990s 45 and in limited use in Afghanistan 11 Austria Locally produced as 10 6 cm rPAK M40A1 29 Bahrain 25 M40A1s as of 2016 update 46 Bangladesh 238 M40A1s as of 2016 update 47 Bolivia 48 Brazil 194 M40A1s as of 2016 update 49 Burkina Faso 50 Cambodia 51 Cameroon 40 M40A2s as of 2021 update 52 Canada 53 54 Central African Republic 14 as of 2016 update 55 Chad 8 56 Chile 213 M40A1s as of 2016 update 57 China Locally produced as Type 75 30 Colombia 73 M40A1s as of 2016 update 58 Comoros citation needed DR Congo 59 Cyprus 144 M40A1s as of 2016 update 60 Denmark 53 61 remained in limited service in Afghanistan 11 Djibouti 16 M40A1s as of 2021 update 62 Dominican Republic 20 M40A1s as of 2016 update 63 Ecuador 24 M40A1s as of 2016 update 64 Egypt El Salvador 20 M40A1s as of 2016 update 65 including some Spanish made guns 33 Estonia 66 30 M40A1s as of 2016 update 67 France 1 Gabon 68 Guatemala 56 M40A1s as of 2016 update 69 including some Spanish made guns 33 Greece 581 M40A1s as of 2016 update 70 Haiti 71 Honduras 50 M40A1s as of 2016 update 72 including some Spanish made guns 33 India M40A1C locally produced 25 More than 3 000 in service as of 2016 update 73 Indonesia 74 Iran Locally produced 75 200 M40s in service 76 Iraq Islamic State 77 Israel 3 78 Italy 53 79 Ivory Coast 12 M40A1s as of 2016 update 80 Japan 81 Locally produced by Japan Steel Works as Type 60 Jordan 82 Laos 83 Lebanon 113 M40A1s as of 2016 update 84 Lebanese Forces 6 Lesotho 6 M40s as of 2021 update 85 Liberia 86 Libya American Chinese and Iranian variants 12 Luxembourg 53 87 Madagascar 88 Malaysia 24 M40s as of 2016 update 89 Mauritania 90 M40A1s as of 2016 update 90 Mexico 91 including some Spanish made guns 33 Morocco 350 M40A1s as of 2016 update 92 Myanmar more than 1 000 M40A1 RCLs in service as of 2016 update 93 including Spain made CSR 106s and Pakistani made M40A1s 32 used for bunker busting and anti personnel infantry support role in counter insurgency campaigns Netherlands 53 New Zealand 94 Nicaragua Niger 8 M40s as of 2016 update 95 Nigeria 96 Norway 53 97 Identified as 106mm Rekylfri Kanon M40 7 Pakistan Locally produced 32 Still in service as of 2020 update 98 Peru 99 Philippines 100 Portugal 45 M40A1s as of 2016 update 101 Rhodesia Saudi Arabia 102 Singapore 90 M40A1s as of 2016 update 103 Somalia Transferred from Yemen 104 South Africa South African National Defence Force 15 105 South Korea Locally produced 75 Still in service in 2016 106 Vietnam 107 Spain Locally produced by Santa Barbara Sistemas 33 as CSR 106 34 Sri Lanka 30 as of 2016 update 108 Sudan 40 M40A1s as of 2016 update 109 Also used some Chinese Type 75s some being captured by the Sudan People s Liberation Army 110 Suriname 111 112 Switzerland 113 In the period 1958 1990 the antitank companies of the Swiss Army Infantry Regiments were equipped with 12 M40 guns citation needed Syria used by the Free Syrian Army 11 and pro government militias 26 Taiwan 114 Thailand 150 M40s as of 2016 update 115 Tunisia 116 Turkey 2 329 M40A1s as of 2016 update 117 Uruguay 69 M40A1s as of 2016 update 118 United Arab Emirates 12 M40s as of 2016 update 119 United Kingdom used by Airborne Forces from 1956 until the mid 1960s Credited with the destruction of an Egyptian SU100 during the Suez Crisis 120 United States 121 Venezuela 175 M40A1s as of 2016 update 122 Yemen 14 Zimbabwe 123 Gallery Edit Greek Mercedes 240G M40 carrier Note the metal guard to protect the engine from the gun blast Firing the gun from a Mercedes 240G An ex Australian Army M40 recoilless rifle mounted on a Land Rover on display in the grounds of the Australian War Memorial A rather uncommon use of the M40 on a Greek fast patrol boat circa 1982 The same Greek fast patrol boat A Pakistan Army Obtained from the Pakistan Army in 1971 war M40 recoilless rifle mounted on a Willys Jeep M38A1 on display in the Bangladesh Military Museum U S Marines manning an M40 during the Battle of Huế in the Vietnam War See also EditList of U S Army weapons by supply catalog designation SNL C 93 M18 recoilless rifle M20 recoilless rifle Pansarvarnspjas 1110 Weapons of the Cambodian Civil War Weapons of the Salvadoran Civil War Weapons of the Laotian Civil War Weapons of the Lebanese Civil WarReferences EditNotes Edit a b c Tomei Alain Le 2eme R E P et ses canons de 106 mm sans recul M 40 A1 PDF in French Higgins David R 20 Jan 2016 M48 Patton vs Centurion Indo Pakistani War 1965 Duel 71 Osprey Publishing p 71 ISBN 9781472810922 a b Dunstan Simon 10 Oct 2009 The Six Day War 1967 Sinai Campaign 212 Osprey Publishing p 77 ISBN 9781846033636 a b Neville 2018 p 20 Arms for freedom 29 December 2017 Retrieved 2019 08 31 a b Neville 2018 p 15 a b c Montes Julio A 2 January 2015 Infantry Support and Anti tank Weapons in Latin America 90mm and 105mm Recoilless Rifles Small Arms Defense Journal Vol 6 no 4 a b c Neville 2018 p 16 Neville 2018 p 21 Neville 2018 pp 40 42 a b c d e f McNally Brendan May 31 2013 Ancient U S Weapon Makes a Surprise Reappearance in Syria Wired Archived from the original on March 28 2014 Retrieved March 8 2017 a b Neville 2018 pp 12 34 35 La 52eme brigade de la mobilisation populaire chiite milice turkmene pro iranienne en Irak France Soir in French 16 August 2017 Archived from the original on 28 February 2019 Retrieved 27 February 2019 a b Neville 2018 p 38 a b c Anti Tank weapons official web site of the South African army Retrieved 2011 05 08 permanent dead link U S Army Technical Manual 43 0001 28 p 5 27 April 1994 M40 Weaponsystems net weaponsystems net Archived from the original on 2018 04 09 Retrieved 2018 04 08 Pike John M40 106mm Recoilless Rifle www globalsecurity org Archived from the original on 2018 02 12 Retrieved 2018 04 02 Recoilless Weapons PDF Small Arms Survey Research Notes 55 December 2015 Archived from the original PDF on 2016 03 14 Retrieved 2018 04 02 Bob Stoner GMCM SW Ret 2005 M40A1 106MM Recoilless Rifle with M8C Spotting Rifle Archived from the original on 2013 09 10 Retrieved 2013 09 04 M40 106mm Recoilless Rifle globalsecurity org Archived from the original on 2012 08 19 Retrieved 2012 09 20 John Weeks Men against tanks New York Mason Charter 1975 Comment by Ken Estes at tanknet org Archived 2013 05 27 at the Wayback Machine a b c d e Gander Terry J 28 August 2001 106 mm M40 M40A2 and M40A4 recoilless rifle Jane s Infantry Weapons 2002 2003 a b c d Gander Terry J 4 June 2001 106 mm recoilless gun Jane s Infantry Weapons 2002 2003 a b Le Hezbollah libanais en Syrie l assaut contre la station T2 tenue par l Etat islamique Deir Ezzor France Soir in French 8 November 2017 Archived from the original on 28 February 2019 Retrieved 27 February 2019 a b Fitzsimmons Scott November 2012 Callan s Mercenaries Are Defeated in Northern Angola Mercenaries in Asymmetric Conflicts Cambridge University Press p 139 doi 10 1017 CBO9781139208727 005 ISBN 9781107026919 c File RCL106Lat4 jpg better source needed a b Gander Terry J 28 August 2001 106 mm M40A1 recoilless gun Jane s Infantry Weapons 2002 2003 a b Neville 2018 p 12 Armament Industries Group diomil ir 2006 Archived from the original on 2012 01 20 a b c d Gander Terry J 4 June 2001 106 mm recoilless gun M40A1 Jane s Infantry Weapons 2002 2003 a b c d e f Gander Terry J 14 December 2001 Santa Barbara 106 mm recoilless rifle Jane s Infantry Weapons 2003 2004 a b Wiener 1987 p 337 M40 106mm recoilless Rifle Global Security Archived from the original on 30 October 2013 Retrieved 27 January 2014 JAH pp 140 141 Diehl 106 mm fragmentation shell Jane s Infantry Weapons 1991 1992 15 April 1991 Probably defeats 200 mm of armor JIW After penetrating explosive reactive armor Gander Terry J 15 March 1992 RAT 700 106 mm projectile Jane s Infantry Weapons 1992 1993 Gander Terry J 27 April 1994 106 mm 3 1 RAT 700 HEAT T projectile Jane s Infantry Weapons 1994 1995 Parks Maj W Hays January 1988 Killing A Myth Marine Corps Gazette Archived from the original on 28 February 2014 Retrieved 20 February 2014 Abromeit Doug United States Military Artillery for Avalanche Control Program A Brief History in Time PDF USDA Forest Service National Avalanche Center Archived PDF from the original on 9 August 2017 Retrieved 10 October 2019 Projectile 106mm recoilless rifle PDF defence gov au Defence unexploded ordnance website ordnance information sheet March 2015 Archived PDF from the original on 2019 04 11 Retrieved 2018 11 06 Military Balance 2016 p 322 Military Balance 2016 p 236 Military Balance 2016 p 380 Military Balance 2016 p 383 Gander Terry J 22 November 2000 National inventories Burkina Faso Jane s Infantry Weapons 2001 2002 Gander Terry J 22 November 2000 National inventories Cambodia Jane s Infantry Weapons 2001 2002 The Military Balance 2021 p 455 a b c d e f Wiener Friedrich 1987 The armies of the NATO nations Organization concept of war weapons and equipment Truppendienst Handbooks Volume 3 Vienna Herold Publishers p 484 Gander Terry J 22 November 2000 National inventories Canada Jane s Infantry Weapons 2001 2002 Military Balance 2016 p 436 Military Balance 2016 p 437 Military Balance 2016 p 387 Military Balance 2016 p 390 Military Balance 2016 p 441 Military Balance 2016 p 85 Gander Terry J 22 November 2000 National inventories Denmark Jane s Infantry Weapons 2001 2002 The Military Balance 2021 p 462 Military Balance 2016 p 394 Military Balance 2016 p 396 Military Balance 2016 p 398 sodur com Archived from the original on 13 February 2015 Retrieved 13 February 2015 Military Balance 2016 p 91 Military Balance 2016 p 446 Military Balance 2016 p 399 Military Balance 2016 p 104 Gander Terry J 22 November 2000 National inventories Haiti Jane s Infantry Weapons 2001 2002 Military Balance 2016 p 402 Military Balance 2016 p 251 Military Balance 2016 p 257 a b Small Arms Survey 2008 Light Weapons Products Producers and Proliferation Small Arms Survey 2008 Risk and Resilience Cambridge University Press p 23 ISBN 978 0 521 88040 4 Archived from the original PDF on 2018 08 30 Retrieved 2018 08 30 Military Balance 2016 p 328 Military Balance 2016 p 492 Gander Terry J 22 November 2000 National inventories Israel Jane s Infantry Weapons 2001 2002 Gander Terry J 22 November 2000 National inventories Italy Jane s Infantry Weapons 2001 2002 Military Balance 2016 p 439 Gander Terry J 22 November 2000 National inventories Japan Jane s Infantry Weapons 2001 2002 Gander Terry J 22 November 2000 National inventories Jordan Jane s Infantry Weapons 2001 2002 Military Balance 2016 p 271 Military Balance 2016 p 340 The Military Balance 2021 p 473 Gander Terry J 22 November 2000 National inventories Liberia Jane s Infantry Weapons 2001 2002 Gander Terry J 22 November 2000 National inventories Luxembourg Jane s Infantry Weapons 2001 2002 Military Balance 2016 p 454 Military Balance 2016 p 272 Military Balance 2016 p 343 Military Balance 2016 p 404 405 Military Balance 2016 p 345 Military Balance 2016 p 276 Gander Terry J 22 November 2000 National inventories New Zealand Jane s Infantry Weapons 2001 2002 Military Balance 2016 p 460 Military Balance 2016 p 461 Gander Terry J 22 November 2000 National inventories Norway Jane s Infantry Weapons 2001 2002 Military Balance 2020 p 300 sfn error no target CITEREFMilitary Balance 2020 help Military Balance 2016 p 410 411 Military Balance 2016 p 284 Military Balance 2016 p 130 Military Balance 2016 p 351 353 Military Balance 2016 p 287 Small Arms Survey 2012 Surveying the Battlefield Illicit Arms In Afghanistan Iraq and Somalia Small Arms Survey 2012 Moving Targets Cambridge University Press p 342 ISBN 978 0 521 19714 4 Archived from the original PDF on 2018 08 31 Retrieved 2018 08 30 Military Balance 2016 p 468 Military Balance 2016 p 268 Gordon L Rottman 2010 Army of the Republic of Vietnam 1955 75 Vol Men at Arms 458 Osprey Publishing pp 7 34 ISBN 9781849081818 Military Balance 2016 p 289 Military Balance 2016 p 471 Sudan Global trade local impact Arms Transfers to all Sides in the Civil War in Sudan PDF Human Rights Watch Report 10 4 24 August 1998 Badri Maharaj Sanjay 2 February 2017 Suriname s Armed Forces Capability Compromised Analysis Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses Archived from the original on 21 September 2017 Retrieved 8 July 2018 Military Balance 2016 p 412 Gander Terry J 22 November 2000 National inventories Switzerland Jane s Infantry Weapons 2001 2002 Military Balance 2016 p 291 292 Military Balance 2016 p 293 Gander Terry J 22 November 2000 National inventories Tunisia Jane s Infantry Weapons 2001 2002 Military Balance 2016 p 148 Military Balance 2016 p 414 Military Balance 2016 p 358 106mm Recoilless Anti Tank Rifle www paradata org uk Green Michael Weapons of the Modern Marines Zenith Imprint ISBN 9781610607766 Archived from the original on 2018 04 03 Retrieved 2018 04 02 via Google Books Military Balance 2016 p 416 Gander Terry J 22 November 2000 National inventories Zimbabwe Jane s Infantry Weapons 2001 2002 Bibliography Edit JAH Terry Gander and Ian Hogg ed Jane s Ammunition Handbook 1994 Coulsdon Jane s Information Group Ltd 1993 JIW Richard Jones and Leland Ness ed Jane s Infantry Weapons 2007 2008 Coulsdon Jane s Information Group Ltd 2007 Neville Leigh 19 Apr 2018 Technicals Non Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces New Vanguard 257 Osprey Publishing ISBN 9781472822512 International Institute for Strategic Studies February 2016 The Military Balance 2016 Vol 116 Routlegde ISBN 9781857438352 International Institute for Strategic Studies February 2021 The Military Balance 2021 Vol 121 Routledge ISBN 9781032012278 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to M40 recoilless rifle globalsecurity org M40 repair manual BRL report on M40 accuracy M40 in Canadian service Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title M40 recoilless rifle amp oldid 1128734801, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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