A world's fair, also known as a universal exhibition or an expo, is a large global exhibition designed to showcase the achievements of nations.[1] These exhibitions vary in character and are held in different parts of the world at a specific site for a period of time, typically between three and six months.[1]
The term "world's fair" is commonly used in the United States,[2] while the French term, Exposition universelle ("universal exhibition"[3]) is used in most of Europe and Asia; other terms include World Expo or Specialised Expo, with the word expo used for various types of exhibitions since at least 1958.
Since the adoption of the 1928 Convention Relating to International Exhibitions, the Paris-based Bureau International des Expositions has served as an international sanctioning body for international exhibitions; four types of international exhibition are organised under its auspices: World Expos, Specialised Expos, Horticultural Expos (regulated by the International Association of Horticultural Producers), and the Milan Triennial.
In 1791, Prague organized the first World's Fair in Bohemia (modern-day Czech Republic).[5][6][7] The first industrial exhibition was on the occasion of the coronation of Leopold II as a king of Bohemia, which took place in Clementinum, and celebrated the considerable sophistication of manufacturing methods in the Czech lands during that time period.[8]
France had a tradition of national exhibitions, which culminated with the French Industrial Exposition of 1844 held in Paris. This fair was followed by other national exhibitions in Europe. In 1851, under the title "Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations", the World Expo was held in the Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London, the United Kingdom. The Great Exhibition, as it is often called, was an idea of Prince Albert, Queen Victoria's husband, and is usually considered to be the first international exhibition of manufactured products. It influenced the development of several aspects of society, including art-and-design education, international trade and relations, and tourism.[9] This expo was the precedent for the many international exhibitions, later called World Expos, that have continued to be held to the present time.
The character of world fairs, or expositions, has evolved since the first one in 1851. Three eras can be distinguished: the era of industrialization, the era of cultural exchange, and the era of nation branding.[10]
Industrialization (1851–1938)edit
The Yerkes Great refractor telescope mounted at the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago
The 1939–1940 New York World's Fair, and those that followed, took a different approach, one less focused on technology and aimed more at cultural themes and social progress. For instance, the theme of the 1939 fair was "Building the World of Tomorrow"; at the 1964–1965 New York World's Fair, it was "Peace Through Understanding"; at the 1967 International and Universal Exposition in Montreal, it was "Man and His World". These fairs encouraged effective intercultural communication along with sharing of technological innovation.
The 1967 International and Universal Exposition in Montreal was promoted under the name Expo 67. Event organizers retired the term world's fair in favor of Expo (the Montreal Expos, a former Major League Baseball team, was named for the 1967 fair).[13]
Nation branding (1988–present)edit
1992 Expo in Seville, Spain
From World Expo 88 in Brisbane onwards, countries started to use expositions as a platform to improve their national image through their pavilions. Finland, Japan, Canada, France, and Spain are cases in point. A major study by Tjaco Walvis called "Expo 2000 Hanover in Numbers" showed that improving national image was the main goal for 73% of the countries participating in Expo 2000.[citation needed] Pavilions became a kind of advertising campaign, and the Expo served as a vehicle for "nation branding". According to branding expert Wally Olins, Spain used Expo '92 and the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona in the same year to underscore its new position as a modern and democratic country and to show itself as a prominent member of the European Union and the global community.[citation needed]
At Expo 2000 Hanover, countries created their own architectural pavilions, investing, on average, €12 million each.[14] Given these costs, governments are sometimes hesitant to participate, because the benefits may not justify the costs. However, while the effects are difficult to measure, an independent study for the Dutch pavilion at Expo 2000 estimated that the pavilion (which cost around €35 million) generated around €350 million of potential revenues for the Dutch economy. It also identified several key success factors for world-exposition pavilions in general.[15]
Typesedit
Expo tower for the Osaka 1970 World Expo in Japan
At present there are two types of international exhibition: World Expos (formally known as International Registered Exhibitions) and Specialised Expos (formally known as International Recognised Exhibitions).[16] World Expos, previously known as universal expositions, are the biggest category events. At World Expos, participants generally build their own pavilions. They are therefore the most extravagant and most expensive expos. Their duration may be between six weeks and six months. Since 1995, the interval between two World Expos has been at least five years. World Expo 2015 was held in Milan, Italy, from 1 May to 31 October 2015.
Specialised Expos are smaller in scope and investments and generally shorter in duration; between three weeks and three months. Previously, these Expos were called Special Exhibitions or International Specialized Exhibitions but these terms are no longer used officially. Their total surface area must not exceed 25 hectares (62 acres) and organizers must build pavilions for the participating states, free of rent, charges, taxes and expenses. The largest country pavilions may not exceed 1,000 m2 (1⁄4 acre). Only one Specialised Expo can be held between two World Expos.[17]
An additional two types of international exhibition may be recognized by the BIE: horticultural exhibitions, which are joint BIE and AIPH-sanctioned 'garden' fairs in which participants present gardens and garden pavilions; and the semi-regular Milan Triennial (not always held every third year) art and design exhibition, held in Milan, Italy, with the BIE granting official international exhibition status to 14 editions of the Triennale between 1996 and 2016.[18]
World Exposedit
Expo 2000 brickwork, for the World Expo in Hannover, Germany in 2000
World Expos (formally known as International Registered Exhibitions) encompass universal themes that affect the full gamut of human experience, and international and corporate participants are required to adhere to the theme in their representations. Registered expositions are held every 5 years because they are more expensive as they require total design of pavilion buildings from the ground up. As a result, nations compete for the most outstanding or memorable structure—for example Japan, France, Morocco, and Spain at Expo '92. Sometimes prefabricated structures are used to minimize costs for developing countries, or for countries from a geographical block to share space (i.e. Plaza of the Americas at Seville '92).
In the 21st century the BIE has moved to sanction World Expos every five years; following the numerous expos of the 1980s and 1990s, some see this as a means to cut down potential expenditure by participating nations. The move was also seen by some as an attempt to avoid conflicting with the Summer Olympics. World Expos are restricted to every five years, with Specialized Expos in the in-between years.
Specialized Expos (formally known as International Recognized Exhibitions) are usually united by a precise theme—such as "Future Energy" (Expo 2017Astana), "The Living Ocean and Coast" (Expo 2012Yeosu), or "Leisure in the Age of Technology" (Brisbane, Expo '88). Such themes are more specific than the wider scope of world expositions.
Specialized Expos are usually smaller in scale and cheaper to run for the host committee and participants because the architectural fees are lower and they only have to customize pavilion space provided free of charge from the Organiser, usually with the prefabricated structure already completed. Countries then have the option of "adding" their own colours, design etc. to the outside of the prefabricated structure and filling in the inside with their own content.
The purpose of these exhibitions is to foster cooperation and the sharing of knowledge and solutions between countries, horticultural producers and agricultural industries by addressing the paramount issues of healthy lifestyles, green economies, sustainable living, education and innovation.
The Space Needle and Monorail depicted on this 1962 stamp
Most of the structures are temporary and are dismantled after the fair closes, except for landmark towers. By far the most famous of these is the Eiffel Tower, built for the Exposition Universelle (1889). Although it is now the most recognized symbol of its host city Paris, there were contemporary critics opposed to its construction, and demands for it to be dismantled after the fair's conclusion.[20]
Other structures that remain from these fairs:
1851 – London: The Crystal Palace, from the first World's Fair in London, designed so that it could be recycled to recoup losses, was such a success that it was moved and intended to be permanent, only to be destroyed by a fire in 1936.[21]
1893 – Chicago: The Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago is housed in the former Palace of Fine Arts, one of the last remaining buildings of the World's Columbian Exposition. In conjunction with the fair, the Art Institute of Chicago building was built to house conferences, as the World's Congress Auxiliary Building. The Garden of the Phoenix, a remnant of the Japanese pavilion, also survives. The intent or hope was to make all Columbian structures permanent, but most of the structures burned, possibly the result of arson during the Pullman Strike. The foundation of the world's first Ferris wheel, which operated at the Exposition, was unearthed on the Chicago Midway during a construction project by the University of Chicago, whose campus now surrounds the Midway. Relocated survivors include the Norway pavilion, a small house now at a museum in Wisconsin, and the Maine State Building, now at the Poland Springs Resort in Maine.
1906 – Milan: The Civic Aquarium of Milan built for the Milan Exposition is still open after 100 years and was recently renovated. The International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH) was settled in Milan during the fair and had its first congress in the Expo pavilions. In June 2006 the ICOH celebrated the first century of its life in Milan. An elevated railway with trains running at short intervals linked the fair to the city center. It was dismantled in the 1920s.
1909 – Seattle: The landscaping (by the Olmsted brothers) from the Alaska–Yukon–Pacific Exposition (AYPE) in Seattle still forms much of the University of Washington campus. The only major building left from the AYPE, Architecture Hall, is used by the university's architecture school.
1915 – San Francisco: The Palace of Fine Arts in San Francisco and its adjacent artificial lagoon are the only major remnants of the Panama–Pacific International Exposition still in their original locations on the former fairgrounds (now the city's Marina District neighborhood), but the building is almost entirely a reconstruction. The plaster-surfaced original, not intended to survive after the fair, was a crumbling ruin in 1964 when all but the steel framework was demolished so that it could be reproduced in concrete. The San Francisco Civic Auditorium, now the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium, is another major legacy of the fair but was built off-site in the city's Civic Center. The independent Panama-California Exposition in San Diego left a substantial legacy of permanent buildings and other structures which today define its site, San Diego's central Balboa Park, including the Prado walkway, the California Tower and Dome (now home to the Museum of Us), the 1,500-foot Cabrillo Bridge, the lily pond and botanical gardens, and the Spreckels Organ Pavilion.[23]
1929 – Seville & Barcelona: much survives from the two simultaneous fairs Spain hosted that year. The most famous are the remnants of the Ibero-American Exposition in Seville, in which the Spanish Pavilion's Plaza de España forms part of a large park and forecourt. Most of that fair's pavilions have survived and been adapted for other uses, with many of them becoming consulates-general for the countries that built them. The Barcelona International Exposition featured the famous German pavilion designed by Mies van der Rohe, which was demolished but later rebuilt on the original site.[24]
1936 – Johannesburg: The Empire Exhibition, South Africa was built close to the University of the Witwatersrand, and by the late 1970s the growth of the university was large enough to incorporate the permanent buildings from the exhibition. In 1985, the university purchased the South African Government Building; the two Heavy Machinery Halls, now called Empire Hall and the Dining Hall; the Hall of Transport; the Tower of Light; the Cape Dutch complex; and the Bien Donne Restaurant.
1942 – Rome: A special case is the EUR quarter in Rome, built for a World's Fair planned for 1942 but cancelled because of World War II. Today it hosts governmental and private offices, and several museums.
1958 – Brussels: In Brussels, the Atomium still stands at the exposition site. It is a 165-billion-times-enlarged iron-crystal-shaped building. Until June 2012, the "American Theatre" on the Expo grounds was frequently used as a television studio by the VRT.
Seattle – World's Fair sign at 47th and Aurora, 1962
1962 – Seattle: The Space Needle theme building of the Century 21 Exposition commonly known as the Seattle World's Fair still stands as a Seattle icon and landmark. The Seattle Center Monorail, the other widely known futuristic feature of the fair, still operates daily. The US pavilion became the Pacific Science Center. The original exterior and roof of the Washington State Pavilion has been preserved as a landmark, and now is part of Climate Pledge Arena.
The Unisphere, from the 1964 World's Fair in New York City, USA in the early 21st century
New York Hall of Science, built for the fair, continues to operate as a science museum, similar to its original role
The Port Authority Heliport and Exhibit is now the Terrace on the Park event and catering venue
The New York State Pavilion is mostly derelict, but is still an icon, with its observation towers prominently featured in 1997's Men in Black. The Theaterama building is the only portion still maintained, and is used by the Queens Theater. There are plans to restore to the main Tent of Tomorrow building.
The New York City Pavilion, a holdover form the 1939 fair, continues to serve as the home of the Queens Museum
Other artifacts remain throughout the park, and many buildings were transported for use elsewhere and continue to function.
1970 – Osaka: The Tower of the Sun was left standing, but was neglected after the conclusion of the Expo '70. After restoration to the structure was completed, the museum inside the tower was re-opened on 18 March 2018.[25]
1974 – Spokane: Spokane still has its Riverfront Park that was created for Expo '74—the park remains a popular and iconic part of Spokane's downtown.
1984 – New Orleans: The main pavilions of the 1984 New Orleans World's Fair became the Ernest N. Morial Convention Center, which is also known for its use as a shelter of last resort during Hurricane Katrina.
1988 – Brisbane: The Skyneedle, the symbol tower of Expo '88 in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, still stands. Other survivors are the Nepalese Peace Pagoda of the Nepalese representation, now at the transformed World Expo '88 site South Bank Parklands, and the Japan Pond and Garden from the Japanese representation, now at the Brisbane Mount Cooth-tha Botanic Gardens. In 2018 the World Expo 88 Art Trail was re-birthed and dramatically expanded as part of the 30th Anniversary of World expo 88, now forming a Major tourist attraction in its own right.[26]
1992 – Seville: The pavilions of Expo '92 in Seville had been converted into a technological square and a theme park.
1998 – Lisbon: The main buildings of Expo '98 in Lisbon were completely integrated into the city itself and many of the art exhibition pieces still remain.
2005 – Nagoya: The home of Satsuki & Mei Kusakabe, built for the 2005 Expo in Aichi, remains operating at its original site in Morikoro Park and is a popular tourist attraction, eventually being incorporated into Ghibli Park in 2022.
2010 – Shanghai: The China pavilion from Expo 2010 in Shanghai, the largest display in the history of the World Expo, is now the China Art Museum, the largest art museum in Asia.
2015 – Milan: The Italian Pavilion of Expo 2015 remains on the original site.
Some world's fair sites became (or reverted to) parks incorporating some of the expo elements, such as:
The Bahrain Pavilion from Expo 2015 was relocated to Bahrain. The Azerbaijan Pavilion is in that country's capital Baku. The Chinese Pavilion was brought back to Qingdao and is on the site of the 2014 horticultural exhibition.
The Save the Children Italy pavilion from Expo 2015 was dismantled and re-built as school for Syrian refugee children in Lebanon.[30][31]
The Brussels Expo '58 relocated many pavilions within Belgium: the pavilion of Jacques Chocolats moved to the town of Diest to house the new town swimming pool. Another pavilion was relocated to Willebroek and has been used as dance hall Carré[32] ever since. One smaller pavilion still stands on the boulevard towards the Atomium: the restaurant "Salon 58" in the pavilion of Comptoir Tuilier.
Disney had contributed so many exhibits to the New York fair in part because the corporation had originally envisioned a "permanent World's Fair" at the Flushing site. That concept instead came to fruition with the Disney Epcot theme park, an extension of the Walt Disney World Resort, near Orlando, Florida. Epcot has many characteristics of a typical universal exposition: national pavilions and exhibits concerning technology and/or the future, along with more typical amusement park rides. Meanwhile, several of the 1964 attractions that were relocated to Disneyland have been duplicated at the Walt Disney World Resort.
Occasionally other mementos of the fairs remain. In the New York City Subway system, signs directing people to Flushing Meadows, Queens remain from the 1964–65 event. In the Montreal subway at least one tile artwork of its theme, "Man and His World", remains. Also, a seemingly endless supply of souvenir items from fair visits can be found, and in the United States, at least, often turn up at garage or estate sales. Many fairs and expos produced postage stamps and commemorative coins.
The 1904 Olympic Games, officially the Games of the III Olympiad, were held in conjunction with the 1904 St. Louis fair, although no explicit coordination is evident. The Exposition Universelle (1900)Paris was also concomitant with the Olympic Games.
^Kárníková, Ludmila (1965). Vývoj obyvatelstva v českých zemích 1754–1914 (1 ed.). Praha: Nakladatelství Československé akademie věd. pp. 401, [2] s. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
^Klíma, Arnošt (1 February 1974). "The Role of Rural Domestic Industry in Bohemia in the Eighteenth Century". The Economic History Review. 27 (1): 48–56. doi:10.2307/2594203. JSTOR 2594203. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
^Rudolph, Richard F. (1975). "The Pattern of Austrian Industrial Growth from the Eighteenth to the Early Twentieth Century". Austrian History Yearbook. 11. Cambridge University Press: 3–25. doi:10.1017/S0067237800015216. S2CID 145393467. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
^. Archived from the original on 16 March 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
^John R. Davies in Findling and Pelle (2008), "Encyclopedia of World's Fairs and Expositions", pp. 13–14
^Walvis, Tjaco, ed. (April 2004). "Three eras of World Expositions: 1851–present". Cosmopolite: Stardust World Expo & National Branding Newsletter (5). Amsterdam: Stardust New Ventures: 1.
^Abbattista, Guido; Iannuzzi, Giulia (2016). "World Expositions as Time Machines: Two Views of the Visual Construction of Time between Anthropology and Futurama". World History Connected. 13 (3).
^Ted Dykstra (Director) (2004). Expo'67: Back to the future (DVD). Canada: CBC Home Video.
^(PDF). Bay Area Council Economic Institute. February 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 August 2012. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
^. Expo 2020, Dubai, UAE. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
^. CatalyticAction. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
^"La nuova vita del villaggio Expo: una scuola in Libano". Save the Children Italia. 29 December 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
^"Home – Carré". Carre.be. from the original on 1 May 2011. Retrieved 1 May 2011.
Further readingedit
Findling, John E.; Pelle, Kimberly D., eds. (2008). Encyclopedia of World's Fairs and Expositions. Jefferson, NC and London: McFarland.
Geppert, Alexander C. T. (2010). Fleeting Cities: Imperial Expositions in Fin-de-Siècle Europe. Basingstoke/New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Geppert, Alexander C. T., World's Fairs, EGO – European History Online, Mainz: Institute of European History, 2018, retrieved: 8 March 2021 (PDF).
López César, Isaac; Estévez-Cimadevila, Javier (2018). "World Expos. Five structural approaches". Estoa. 7 (13): 7–22. doi:10.18537/est.v007.n013.a1. hdl:2183/20872.
External linksedit
Bureau International des Expositions - official website
Expo Bids: The World's Fair Bid Tracker 4 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine Information about bids for future world's fairs
Expo FAQs General World's Fair questions answered at Celebrate 88
Exposition Medals Award medals of American World's Fairs and Expos
. Paintings and Drawings. Victoria and Albert Museum. Archived from the original on 27 October 2007. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
World's Fair Ephemeral and Graphic Materials collection
Weltaustellung.net Photographs from thirteen fairs, includes stereograms
World's Fairs and the Landscapes of the Modern Metropolis Posters, photographs, pamphlets, commemorative books, maps, government reports, and ephemera from the collection of the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University
"World's Fairs. Structure laboratory: the contribution of the buildings built for the World's Fairs to the history of architecture structural typologies". PhD thesis by Isaac López César.
world, fair, world, fair, also, known, universal, exhibition, expo, large, global, exhibition, designed, showcase, achievements, nations, these, exhibitions, vary, character, held, different, parts, world, specific, site, period, time, typically, between, thre. A world s fair also known as a universal exhibition or an expo is a large global exhibition designed to showcase the achievements of nations 1 These exhibitions vary in character and are held in different parts of the world at a specific site for a period of time typically between three and six months 1 Poster advertising the Brussels International Exposition in 1897 Replica of the Gokstad Viking ship at the 1893 Chicago World s Fair International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts in Paris France in 1925 Autochrome Lumiere showing Polish pavilion Palace of the railways and great connections at the International Exhibition of Hydropower and Tourism in Grenoble France in 1925 The term world s fair is commonly used in the United States 2 while the French term Exposition universelle universal exhibition 3 is used in most of Europe and Asia other terms include World Expo or Specialised Expo with the word expo used for various types of exhibitions since at least 1958 Since the adoption of the 1928 Convention Relating to International Exhibitions the Paris based Bureau International des Expositions has served as an international sanctioning body for international exhibitions four types of international exhibition are organised under its auspices World Expos Specialised Expos Horticultural Expos regulated by the International Association of Horticultural Producers and the Milan Triennial Astana Kazakhstan held the most recent Specialised Expo in 2017 while Dubai United Arab Emirates hosted World Expo in 2020 which was postponed to 2021 due to the COVID 19 pandemic and Doha Qatar hosted Horticultural Expo in 2023 4 Contents 1 History 1 1 Industrialization 1851 1938 1 2 Cultural exchange 1939 1987 1 3 Nation branding 1988 present 2 Types 2 1 World Expos 2 2 Specialised Expos 2 3 Horticultural Expos 3 List of expositions 3 1 World Expos 3 2 Specialised Expos 3 3 Horticultural Expos 4 Legacies 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksHistory editFurther information List of world expositions and List of world s fairs nbsp Exposition universelle in Paris 1867 In 1791 Prague organized the first World s Fair in Bohemia modern day Czech Republic 5 6 7 The first industrial exhibition was on the occasion of the coronation of Leopold II as a king of Bohemia which took place in Clementinum and celebrated the considerable sophistication of manufacturing methods in the Czech lands during that time period 8 France had a tradition of national exhibitions which culminated with the French Industrial Exposition of 1844 held in Paris This fair was followed by other national exhibitions in Europe In 1851 under the title Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations the World Expo was held in the Crystal Palace in Hyde Park London the United Kingdom The Great Exhibition as it is often called was an idea of Prince Albert Queen Victoria s husband and is usually considered to be the first international exhibition of manufactured products It influenced the development of several aspects of society including art and design education international trade and relations and tourism 9 This expo was the precedent for the many international exhibitions later called World Expos that have continued to be held to the present time The character of world fairs or expositions has evolved since the first one in 1851 Three eras can be distinguished the era of industrialization the era of cultural exchange and the era of nation branding 10 Industrialization 1851 1938 edit nbsp The Yerkes Great refractor telescope mounted at the 1893 World s Fair in Chicago The first era the era of industrialization roughly covered the years from 1850 to 1938 In these years world expositions were largely focused on trade and displayed technological advances and inventions World expositions were platforms for state of the art science and technology from around the world The world expositions of 1851 London 1853 New York 1862 London 1876 Philadelphia Paris 1878 1888 Barcelona 1889 Paris 1891 Prague 1893 Chicago 1897 Brussels 1900 Paris 1904 St Louis 1915 San Francisco and 1933 1934 Chicago were notable in this respect 11 Inventions such as the telephone were first presented during this era This era set the basic character of the world fair 12 Cultural exchange 1939 1987 edit nbsp Ice Follies at the Seattle 1962 World s Fair Further information Technological utopianism The 1939 1940 New York World s Fair and those that followed took a different approach one less focused on technology and aimed more at cultural themes and social progress For instance the theme of the 1939 fair was Building the World of Tomorrow at the 1964 1965 New York World s Fair it was Peace Through Understanding at the 1967 International and Universal Exposition in Montreal it was Man and His World These fairs encouraged effective intercultural communication along with sharing of technological innovation The 1967 International and Universal Exposition in Montreal was promoted under the name Expo 67 Event organizers retired the term world s fair in favor of Expo the Montreal Expos a former Major League Baseball team was named for the 1967 fair 13 Nation branding 1988 present edit nbsp 1992 Expo in Seville Spain From World Expo 88 in Brisbane onwards countries started to use expositions as a platform to improve their national image through their pavilions Finland Japan Canada France and Spain are cases in point A major study by Tjaco Walvis called Expo 2000 Hanover in Numbers showed that improving national image was the main goal for 73 of the countries participating in Expo 2000 citation needed Pavilions became a kind of advertising campaign and the Expo served as a vehicle for nation branding According to branding expert Wally Olins Spain used Expo 92 and the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona in the same year to underscore its new position as a modern and democratic country and to show itself as a prominent member of the European Union and the global community citation needed At Expo 2000 Hanover countries created their own architectural pavilions investing on average 12 million each 14 Given these costs governments are sometimes hesitant to participate because the benefits may not justify the costs However while the effects are difficult to measure an independent study for the Dutch pavilion at Expo 2000 estimated that the pavilion which cost around 35 million generated around 350 million of potential revenues for the Dutch economy It also identified several key success factors for world exposition pavilions in general 15 Types edit nbsp Expo tower for the Osaka 1970 World Expo in Japan At present there are two types of international exhibition World Expos formally known as International Registered Exhibitions and Specialised Expos formally known as International Recognised Exhibitions 16 World Expos previously known as universal expositions are the biggest category events At World Expos participants generally build their own pavilions They are therefore the most extravagant and most expensive expos Their duration may be between six weeks and six months Since 1995 the interval between two World Expos has been at least five years World Expo 2015 was held in Milan Italy from 1 May to 31 October 2015 Specialised Expos are smaller in scope and investments and generally shorter in duration between three weeks and three months Previously these Expos were called Special Exhibitions or International Specialized Exhibitions but these terms are no longer used officially Their total surface area must not exceed 25 hectares 62 acres and organizers must build pavilions for the participating states free of rent charges taxes and expenses The largest country pavilions may not exceed 1 000 m2 1 4 acre Only one Specialised Expo can be held between two World Expos 17 An additional two types of international exhibition may be recognized by the BIE horticultural exhibitions which are joint BIE and AIPH sanctioned garden fairs in which participants present gardens and garden pavilions and the semi regular Milan Triennial not always held every third year art and design exhibition held in Milan Italy with the BIE granting official international exhibition status to 14 editions of the Triennale between 1996 and 2016 18 World Expos edit nbsp Expo 2000 brickwork for the World Expo in Hannover Germany in 2000 World Expos formally known as International Registered Exhibitions encompass universal themes that affect the full gamut of human experience and international and corporate participants are required to adhere to the theme in their representations Registered expositions are held every 5 years because they are more expensive as they require total design of pavilion buildings from the ground up As a result nations compete for the most outstanding or memorable structure for example Japan France Morocco and Spain at Expo 92 Sometimes prefabricated structures are used to minimize costs for developing countries or for countries from a geographical block to share space i e Plaza of the Americas at Seville 92 In the 21st century the BIE has moved to sanction World Expos every five years following the numerous expos of the 1980s and 1990s some see this as a means to cut down potential expenditure by participating nations The move was also seen by some as an attempt to avoid conflicting with the Summer Olympics World Expos are restricted to every five years with Specialized Expos in the in between years Specialised Expos edit nbsp Panoramic view of Expo 2012 Yeosu in South Korea Specialized Expos formally known as International Recognized Exhibitions are usually united by a precise theme such as Future Energy Expo 2017 Astana The Living Ocean and Coast Expo 2012 Yeosu or Leisure in the Age of Technology Brisbane Expo 88 Such themes are more specific than the wider scope of world expositions Specialized Expos are usually smaller in scale and cheaper to run for the host committee and participants because the architectural fees are lower and they only have to customize pavilion space provided free of charge from the Organiser usually with the prefabricated structure already completed Countries then have the option of adding their own colours design etc to the outside of the prefabricated structure and filling in the inside with their own content Horticultural Expos edit nbsp Royal Pavilion of Royal Flora Ratchaphruek 2006 in Chiang Mai Thailand Horticultural Expos formally known as A1 International Horticultural Exhibitions are co regulated by International Association of Horticultural Producers Like Specialised Expos are organized in a precise theme such as Green Desert Better Environment International Horticultural Expo 2023 Doha Qatar Growing Green Cities Floriade 2022 or Building a Beautiful Home Featuring Harmonious Coexistence between Man and Nature Expo 2019 The purpose of these exhibitions is to foster cooperation and the sharing of knowledge and solutions between countries horticultural producers and agricultural industries by addressing the paramount issues of healthy lifestyles green economies sustainable living education and innovation List of expositions editMain article List of world expositions List of official world expositions Universal and International Specialised Horticultural according to the Bureau International des Expositions 19 World Expos edit Name of exposition Dates Area Visitors Participants Theme nbsp Expo 1851 London 1 May 11 October 1851 10 40 6 039 195 25 Industry of all Nations nbsp Expo 1855 Paris 15 May 15 November 1855 15 20 5 162 330 28 Agriculture Industry and fine arts nbsp Expo 1862 London 1 May 1 November 1862 11 6 096 617 39 Industry and Art nbsp Expo 1867 Paris 1 April 3 November 1867 68 70 15 000 000 42 Agriculture Industry and Fine Arts nbsp Expo 1873 Vienna 1 May 31 October 1873 233 7 255 000 35 Culture and Education nbsp Expo 1876 Philadelphia 10 May 10 November 1876 115 10 000 000 35 Arts Manufactures and Products of the Soil and Mine nbsp Expo 1878 Paris 20 May 10 November 1878 75 16 156 626 35 New Technologies nbsp Expo 1880 Melbourne 1 October 30 April 1881 25 1 330 000 33 Arts Manufactures and Agricultural and Industrial Products of all Nations nbsp Expo 1888 Barcelona 8 April 10 December 1888 46 50 2 300 000 30 Fine and Industrial Art nbsp Expo 1889 Paris 5 May 31 October 1889 96 32 250 297 35 Celebration of the centenary of the French revolution nbsp Expo 1893 Chicago 1 May 3 October 1893 290 27 500 000 19 Fourth centenary of the discovery of America nbsp Expo 1897 Brussels 10 May 8 November 1897 36 6 000 000 27 Modern Life nbsp Expo 1900 Paris 15 April 12 November 1900 120 50 860 801 40 19th century an overview nbsp Expo 1904 St Louis 30 April 1 December 1904 500 19 694 855 60 Celebration of the centennial of the Louisiana Purchase nbsp Expo 1905 Liege 27 April 6 November 1905 70 7 000 000 35 Commemoration of the 75th anniversary of independence nbsp Expo 1906 Milan 28 April 11 November 1906 100 N A 40 Transportation nbsp Expo 1910 Brussels 23 April 7 November 1910 30 13 000 000 26 Works of Art and Science Agricultural and Industrial Products of All Nations nbsp Expo 1913 Ghent 26 April 3 November 1913 130 9 503 419 24 Peace Industry and Art nbsp Expo 1915 San Francisco 20 February 4 December 1915 254 18 876 438 41 Celebrating the opening of the Panama Canal nbsp Expo 1929 Barcelona 20 May 1929 15 January 1930 118 5 800 000 29 Industry Art and Sport nbsp Expo 1933 Chicago 27 May 1933 31 October 1934 170 38 872 000 21 The independence among Industry and scientific research nbsp Expo 1935 Brussels 27 April 3 November 1935 152 20 000 000 25 Transport nbsp Expo 1937 Paris 25 May 25 November 1937 104 31 040 955 35 Arts and technology in modern life nbsp Expo 1939 New York 30 April 1939 27 October 1940 500 N A 54 Building the World of Tomorrow nbsp Expo 1949 Port au Prince 8 December 1949 8 June 1950 N A 250 000 18 The festival of Peace nbsp Expo 1958 Brussels 17 April 19 October 1958 200 41 454 412 39 A World View A New Humanism nbsp Expo 1962 Seattle 21 April 21 October 1962 30 9 000 000 49 Man in the Space Age nbsp Expo 1967 Montreal 28 April 29 October 1967 400 50 306 648 62 Man and his World nbsp Expo 1970 Osaka 15 March 13 November 1970 330 64 218 770 67 Progress and Harmony for Mankind nbsp Expo 1992 Seville 20 April 12 October 1992 215 41 814 571 108 The Age of Discovery nbsp Expo 2000 Hannover 1 June 31 October 2000 160 18 100 000 174 Humankind Nature Technology nbsp Expo 2005 Aichi 25 March 25 September 2005 173 22 049 544 121 Nature s Wisdom nbsp Expo 2010 Shanghai 1 May 31 October 2010 523 73 085 000 246 Better City Better Life nbsp Expo 2015 Milan 1 May 31 October 2015 110 21 500 000 139 Feeding the Planet Energy for Life nbsp Expo 2020 Dubai 1 October 2021 31 March 2022 438 24 102 967 200 Connecting Minds Creating the Future nbsp Expo 2025 Osaka Kansai 13 April 13 October 2025 135 Designing Future Society for Our Lives nbsp Expo 2030 Riyadh 1 October 2030 31 March 2031 The Era of Change Together for a Foresighted Tomorrow Specialised Expos edit Name of exposition Dates Area Visitors Participants Theme nbsp Expo 1936 Stockholm 15 May 1 June 1936 N A N A 8 Aviation nbsp Expo 1938 Helsinki 14 May 22 May 1938 N A N A 25 Aerospace nbsp Expo 1939 Liege 20 May 2 September 1939 50 N A 8 Art of Water nbsp Expo 1947 Paris 10 July 15 August 1947 6 35 N A 14 Urbanism and Housing nbsp Expo 1949 Stockholm 27 July 13 August 1949 N A N A 14 Sport and physical culture nbsp Expo 1949 Lyon 24 September 9 October 1949 110 N A N A Rural Habitat nbsp Expo 1951 Lille 28 April 20 May 1951 15 1 500 000 24 Textile nbsp Expo 1953 Rome 26 July 31 October 1953 12 1 700 000 N A Agriculture nbsp Expo 1953 Jerusalem 22 September 14 October 1953 4 60 600 000 13 Conquest of the Desert nbsp Expo 1954 Naples 15 May 15 October 1954 100 N A 25 Navigation nbsp Expo 1955 Turin 25 May 15 June 1955 N A 120 000 11 Sport nbsp Expo 1955 Helsingborg 10 June 28 August 1955 N A N A 10 Modern Man in the Environment nbsp Expo 1956 Beit Dagan 21 May 20 June 1956 55 N A N A Citrus nbsp Expo 1957 Berlin 6 July 29 September 1957 N A 1 000 000 13 Reconstruction of Hansa District nbsp Expo 1961 Turin 1 May 31 September 1961 50 5 000 000 19 Man and his Work A Century of Technological and Social Developments nbsp Expo 1965 Munich 25 June 3 October 1965 50 20 2 500 000 31 Transport nbsp Expo 1968 San Antonio 6 April 6 October 1968 39 6 384 482 23 The confluence of civilizations in the Americas nbsp Expo 1971 Budapest 27 August 30 September 1971 35 1 900 000 35 The Hunt through the World nbsp Expo 1974 Spokane 4 May 2 November 1974 40 5 600 000 56 Celebrating Tomorrow s Fresh New Environment nbsp Expo 1975 Okinawa 20 July 1975 18 January 1976 100 3 485 750 35 The Sea We would like to See nbsp Expo 1976 Plovdiv 14 June 12 July 1981 51 N A 70 Earth Planet of Life nbsp Expo 1982 Knoxville 1 May 31 October 1982 29 11 127 780 16 Energy turns the World nbsp Expo 1984 New Orleans 12 May 11 November 1984 34 7 335 000 15 The World of rivers Fresh Water as a source of life nbsp Expo 1985 Tsukuba 17 March 16 September 1985 100 20 334 727 48 Dwellings and surroundings Science and Technology for Man at Home nbsp Expo 1985 Plovdiv 4 30 November 1985 5 80 1 000 000 54 Inventions nbsp Expo 1986 Vancouver 2 May 13 October 1986 70 22 111 578 55 Transportation and Communication World in Motion World in Touch nbsp Expo 1988 Brisbane 30 April 30 October 1988 40 18 560 447 36 Leisure in the age of Technology nbsp Expo 1991 Plovdiv 7 June 7 July 1991 N A N A 9 The activity of young people in the service of a World of Peace nbsp Expo 1992 Genoa 15 May 15 August 1992 6 817 045 52 Christopher Colombus The Ship and the Sea nbsp Expo 1993 Daejeon 7 August 7 November 1993 90 10 14 005 808 141 The Challenge of a New Road of Development nbsp Expo 1998 Lisbon 22 May 30 September 1998 50 10 128 204 160 The Oceans a heritage for the Future nbsp Expo 2008 Zaragoza 14 June 14 September 2008 25 5 650 943 108 Water and sustainable development nbsp Expo 2012 Yeosu 14 May 12 August 2012 25 8 203 956 103 The living ocean and coast nbsp Expo Astana 2017 10 June 10 September 2017 35 3 977 545 137 Future Energy nbsp Expo 2027 Belgrade 15 May 15 August 2027 Play for Humanity Sport and Music for All Horticultural Expos edit Name of exposition Dates Area Visitors Participants Theme nbsp Expo 1960 Rotterdam 25 March 25 September 1936 50 4 000 000 N A International Horticulture nbsp Expo 1963 Hamburg 26 April 13 October 1963 76 5 400 000 35 Horticulture of all Categories from the Point of View of Economics and Culture nbsp Expo 1964 Vienna 16 April 11 October 1964 100 2 100 000 28 International Horticulture nbsp Expo 1969 Paris 23 April 5 October 1969 28 2 400 000 17 Flowers of France and Flowers of the World nbsp Expo 1972 Amsterdam 26 March 1 October 1972 75 4 300 000 N A Efforts accomplished by International Horticulture nbsp Expo 1973 Hamburg 27 April 7 October 1973 76 5 800 000 50 International Horticulture nbsp Expo 1974 Vienna 18 April 14 October 1974 100 2 600 000 30 International Horticulture nbsp Expo 1980 Montreal 17 May 1 September 1980 40 N A 23 Relationship between man s socio cultural activities and his physical environment nbsp Expo 1982 Amsterdam 8 April 10 October 1982 50 4 600 000 17 International Horticulture nbsp Expo 1983 Munich 28 April 9 October 1983 72 11 600 000 23 International Horticulture nbsp Expo 1984 Liverpool 2 May 14 October 1984 95 3 380 000 29 The progress accomplished by International and National Horticulture nbsp Expo 1990 Osaka 1 April 30 September 1990 140 23 126 934 83 The Harmonious Coexistence of Nature and Mankind nbsp Expo 1992 Zoetermeer 10 April 12 October 1992 68 3 355 600 23 Horticulture is being involved in a continuous process of renewal nbsp Expo 1993 Stuttgart 23 April 17 October 1993 64 7 311 000 40 City and Nature Responsible Approach nbsp Expo 1993 Kunming 1 May 31 October 1993 218 9 427 000 70 Man and Nature Marching into the 21st century nbsp Expo 2002 Haarlemmermeer 25 April 20 October 2002 140 2 071 000 30 The contribution of the Netherlands horticulture and international horticulture nbsp Expo 2003 Rostock 25 April 12 October 2003 100 2 600 000 32 A Seaside Park A new flowered world nbsp Expo 2006 Chiang Mai 1 November 2006 31 January 2007 80 3 848 791 32 To Express the Love for Humanity nbsp Expo 2012 Venlo 5 April 7 October 2012 66 2 046 684 38 Be part of the theatre in nature get closer to the quality of life nbsp Expo 2016 Antalya 23 April 30 October 2016 112 4 693 571 54 Flowers and Children nbsp Expo 2019 Beijing 29 April 7 October 2019 503 9 340 000 110 Live Green Live Better nbsp Expo 2022 Amsterdam Almere 14 April 9 October 2022 60 685 189 32 Growing Green Cities nbsp Expo 2023 Doha 2 October 2023 28 March 2024 170 N A N A Green Desert Better Environment nbsp Expo 2027 Yokohama 19 March 26 September 2027 80 Scenery of the Future for Happiness nbsp Expo 2029 Nakhon Ratchasima 10 November 2029 28 February 2030 80 Nature and Greenery Envisioning the Green FutureLegacies edit nbsp The Space Needle and Monorail depicted on this 1962 stamp Most of the structures are temporary and are dismantled after the fair closes except for landmark towers By far the most famous of these is the Eiffel Tower built for the Exposition Universelle 1889 Although it is now the most recognized symbol of its host city Paris there were contemporary critics opposed to its construction and demands for it to be dismantled after the fair s conclusion 20 Other structures that remain from these fairs 1851 London The Crystal Palace from the first World s Fair in London designed so that it could be recycled to recoup losses was such a success that it was moved and intended to be permanent only to be destroyed by a fire in 1936 21 1876 Philadelphia The Centennial Exposition s main building Memorial Hall is still in Fairmount Park Philadelphia and serving as the new home for the Please Touch Museum The space under the entrance to Memorial Hall houses a scale model of the entire Exposition 1880 Melbourne The World Heritage listed Royal Exhibition Building in Melbourne constructed for the Melbourne International Exhibition 1893 Chicago The Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago is housed in the former Palace of Fine Arts one of the last remaining buildings of the World s Columbian Exposition In conjunction with the fair the Art Institute of Chicago building was built to house conferences as the World s Congress Auxiliary Building The Garden of the Phoenix a remnant of the Japanese pavilion also survives The intent or hope was to make all Columbian structures permanent but most of the structures burned possibly the result of arson during the Pullman Strike The foundation of the world s first Ferris wheel which operated at the Exposition was unearthed on the Chicago Midway during a construction project by the University of Chicago whose campus now surrounds the Midway Relocated survivors include the Norway pavilion a small house now at a museum in Wisconsin and the Maine State Building now at the Poland Springs Resort in Maine 1894 San Francisco The Japanese Tea Garden in San Francisco s Golden Gate Park is the last major remnant of the California Midwinter International Exposition Large ornamental wooden gates and a pagoda from the 1915 Panama Pacific International Exposition were brought in after the latter fair closed 22 making the Tea Garden a rare if not unique instance of a survivor that incorporates architectural features from two completely separate fairs 1897 Nashville A full scale replica of the Parthenon was built for the Tennessee Centennial and International Exposition where it stands today in Nashville s Centennial Park It features plaster reproductions of the Elgin Marbles and in 1990 a re creation of the original Athena Parthenos statue was installed inside just as it was in the original Parthenon in ancient Greece 1900 Paris the Grand Palais and Petit Palais nbsp Brookings Hall at Washington University in St Louis the administration building of the 1904 World s Fair1904 St Louis The St Louis Art Museum in Forest Park originally the Palace of the Fine Arts and Brookings Hall at Washington University in St Louis are remnants of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition held a year late as it was originally intended to be the centennial of the Louisiana Purchase But organizers and President Theodore Roosevelt wanted the fair to be held during the Olympics which were moved from Chicago better known as the St Louis World s Fair The aviary in Forest Park gave root to the St Louis Zoo 1906 Milan The Civic Aquarium of Milan built for the Milan Exposition is still open after 100 years and was recently renovated The International Commission on Occupational Health ICOH was settled in Milan during the fair and had its first congress in the Expo pavilions In June 2006 the ICOH celebrated the first century of its life in Milan An elevated railway with trains running at short intervals linked the fair to the city center It was dismantled in the 1920s 1909 Seattle The landscaping by the Olmsted brothers from the Alaska Yukon Pacific Exposition AYPE in Seattle still forms much of the University of Washington campus The only major building left from the AYPE Architecture Hall is used by the university s architecture school 1915 San Francisco The Palace of Fine Arts in San Francisco and its adjacent artificial lagoon are the only major remnants of the Panama Pacific International Exposition still in their original locations on the former fairgrounds now the city s Marina District neighborhood but the building is almost entirely a reconstruction The plaster surfaced original not intended to survive after the fair was a crumbling ruin in 1964 when all but the steel framework was demolished so that it could be reproduced in concrete The San Francisco Civic Auditorium now the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium is another major legacy of the fair but was built off site in the city s Civic Center The independent Panama California Exposition in San Diego left a substantial legacy of permanent buildings and other structures which today define its site San Diego s central Balboa Park including the Prado walkway the California Tower and Dome now home to the Museum of Us the 1 500 foot Cabrillo Bridge the lily pond and botanical gardens and the Spreckels Organ Pavilion 23 1929 Seville amp Barcelona much survives from the two simultaneous fairs Spain hosted that year The most famous are the remnants of the Ibero American Exposition in Seville in which the Spanish Pavilion s Plaza de Espana forms part of a large park and forecourt Most of that fair s pavilions have survived and been adapted for other uses with many of them becoming consulates general for the countries that built them The Barcelona International Exposition featured the famous German pavilion designed by Mies van der Rohe which was demolished but later rebuilt on the original site 24 1936 Johannesburg The Empire Exhibition South Africa was built close to the University of the Witwatersrand and by the late 1970s the growth of the university was large enough to incorporate the permanent buildings from the exhibition In 1985 the university purchased the South African Government Building the two Heavy Machinery Halls now called Empire Hall and the Dining Hall the Hall of Transport the Tower of Light the Cape Dutch complex and the Bien Donne Restaurant 1939 New York City The New York City Building from the 1939 s World Fair was reused for the 1964 World s Fair and is now the Queens Museum Parachute jump was a ride from the fair It was moved to the Coney island boardwalk in Brooklyn citation needed 1942 Rome A special case is the EUR quarter in Rome built for a World s Fair planned for 1942 but cancelled because of World War II Today it hosts governmental and private offices and several museums 1958 Brussels In Brussels the Atomium still stands at the exposition site It is a 165 billion times enlarged iron crystal shaped building Until June 2012 the American Theatre on the Expo grounds was frequently used as a television studio by the VRT nbsp Seattle World s Fair sign at 47th and Aurora 1962 1962 Seattle The Space Needle theme building of the Century 21 Exposition commonly known as the Seattle World s Fair still stands as a Seattle icon and landmark The Seattle Center Monorail the other widely known futuristic feature of the fair still operates daily The US pavilion became the Pacific Science Center The original exterior and roof of the Washington State Pavilion has been preserved as a landmark and now is part of Climate Pledge Arena nbsp The Unisphere from the 1964 World s Fair in New York City USA in the early 21st century 1964 New York City many structures still stand The Unisphere built for the second New York World s Fair stands on its original site in Flushing Meadows Queens The Singer Bowl stadium since converted into Louis Armstrong Stadium part of the Billie Jean King National Tennis Center site of the US Open New York Hall of Science built for the fair continues to operate as a science museum similar to its original role The Port Authority Heliport and Exhibit is now the Terrace on the Park event and catering venue The New York State Pavilion is mostly derelict but is still an icon with its observation towers prominently featured in 1997 s Men in Black The Theaterama building is the only portion still maintained and is used by the Queens Theater There are plans to restore to the main Tent of Tomorrow building The New York City Pavilion a holdover form the 1939 fair continues to serve as the home of the Queens Museum Other artifacts remain throughout the park and many buildings were transported for use elsewhere and continue to function 1967 Montreal Among the structures still standing from Expo 67 in Montreal are Moshe Safdie s Habitat 67 Buckminster Fuller s American pavilion the Montreal Biosphere the Jamaica Pavilion the Tunisia Pavilion and the French pavilion now the Montreal Casino 1968 San Antonio San Antonio kept the Tower of the Americas the Institute of Texan Cultures and the Convention Center from HemisFair 68 1970 Osaka The Tower of the Sun was left standing but was neglected after the conclusion of the Expo 70 After restoration to the structure was completed the museum inside the tower was re opened on 18 March 2018 25 1974 Spokane Spokane still has its Riverfront Park that was created for Expo 74 the park remains a popular and iconic part of Spokane s downtown nbsp View of 1982 fairgrounds with the Sunsphere 1982 Knoxville The Sunsphere from the Knoxville World s Fair remains as a feature of Knoxville s skyline 1984 New Orleans The main pavilions of the 1984 New Orleans World s Fair became the Ernest N Morial Convention Center which is also known for its use as a shelter of last resort during Hurricane Katrina 1986 Vancouver In Vancouver many Expo 86 projects were designed as legacy projects Of note are the Skytrain Science World and Canada Place 1988 Brisbane The Skyneedle the symbol tower of Expo 88 in Brisbane Queensland Australia still stands Other survivors are the Nepalese Peace Pagoda of the Nepalese representation now at the transformed World Expo 88 site South Bank Parklands and the Japan Pond and Garden from the Japanese representation now at the Brisbane Mount Cooth tha Botanic Gardens In 2018 the World Expo 88 Art Trail was re birthed and dramatically expanded as part of the 30th Anniversary of World expo 88 now forming a Major tourist attraction in its own right 26 1992 Seville The pavilions of Expo 92 in Seville had been converted into a technological square and a theme park 1998 Lisbon The main buildings of Expo 98 in Lisbon were completely integrated into the city itself and many of the art exhibition pieces still remain 2005 Nagoya The home of Satsuki amp Mei Kusakabe built for the 2005 Expo in Aichi remains operating at its original site in Morikoro Park and is a popular tourist attraction eventually being incorporated into Ghibli Park in 2022 nbsp The China pavilion at the Expo 2010 repurposed as a museum 2010 Shanghai The China pavilion from Expo 2010 in Shanghai the largest display in the history of the World Expo is now the China Art Museum the largest art museum in Asia 2015 Milan The Italian Pavilion of Expo 2015 remains on the original site Some world s fair sites became or reverted to parks incorporating some of the expo elements such as Audubon Park New Orleans Site of New Orleans s World Cotton Centennial in 1884 Jackson Park Chicago and the Chicago Midway Site of the 1893 Columbian Exposition Centennial Park Nashville Tennessee Centennial Expo in 1897 Forest Park Saint Louis Home of the Saint Louis Louisiana Purchase Exposition of 1904 San Diego Panama California Exposition 1915 amp California Pacific International Exposition 1935 Seattle Center Century 21 Exposition in 1962 Flushing Meadows Park Queens New York City Site of both the 1939 New York World s Fair and the 1964 New York World s Fair Montreal Expo 67 San Antonio HemisFair 68 Expo Commemoration Park Osaka Expo 70 Riverfront Park Spokane Expo 74 World s Fair Park Knoxville 1982 World s Fair Vancouver Expo 86 Brisbane Expo 88 now represented with the South Bank Parklands 27 Seville Expo 92 Daejeon Taejŏn Expo 93 Lisbon Expo 98 was divided into several structures Pavilhao Atlantico Casino Lisboa Oceanario and Pavilhao do Conhecimento pt Shanghai Expo Park Expo 2010 Rho Milan Lombardy District Expo 2015 nbsp Poster for the 1900 expo Some pavilions have been transported overseas intact The Argentine Pavilion from the 1889 Paris was relocated to Buenos Aires Argentina until its demolition in 1932 The Chilean Pavilion from 1889 Paris is now in Santiago Chile and following significant refurbishment in 1992 functions as the Museo Artequin 28 The Peruvian Pavilion from 1900 Paris is now in Lima as home to the Military Academy of History The Japanese Tower of the 1900 World s Fair in Paris was relocated to Laken Brussels on request of King Leopold II of Belgium The Belgium Pavilion from the 1939 New York World s Fair was relocated to Virginia Union University in Richmond Virginia The USSR Pavilion from Expo 67 is now in Moscow The Sanyo Pavilion from Expo 70 is the Asian Centre at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver The Portugal Pavilion from Expo 2000 is now in Coimbra Portugal The United Arab Emirates Pavilion from Expo 2010 is now in Saadiyat Island in Abu Dhabi in UAE 29 The Bahrain Pavilion from Expo 2015 was relocated to Bahrain The Azerbaijan Pavilion is in that country s capital Baku The Chinese Pavilion was brought back to Qingdao and is on the site of the 2014 horticultural exhibition The Save the Children Italy pavilion from Expo 2015 was dismantled and re built as school for Syrian refugee children in Lebanon 30 31 The Brussels Expo 58 relocated many pavilions within Belgium the pavilion of Jacques Chocolats moved to the town of Diest to house the new town swimming pool Another pavilion was relocated to Willebroek and has been used as dance hall Carre 32 ever since One smaller pavilion still stands on the boulevard towards the Atomium the restaurant Salon 58 in the pavilion of Comptoir Tuilier Many exhibitions and rides created by Walt Disney and his WED Enterprises company for the 1964 New York World s Fair which was held over into 1965 were moved to Disneyland after the closing of the Fair Many of the rides including It s a Small World and Great Moments with Mr Lincoln as well as the building that housed the Carousel of Progress are still in operation Disney had contributed so many exhibits to the New York fair in part because the corporation had originally envisioned a permanent World s Fair at the Flushing site That concept instead came to fruition with the Disney Epcot theme park an extension of the Walt Disney World Resort near Orlando Florida Epcot has many characteristics of a typical universal exposition national pavilions and exhibits concerning technology and or the future along with more typical amusement park rides Meanwhile several of the 1964 attractions that were relocated to Disneyland have been duplicated at the Walt Disney World Resort Occasionally other mementos of the fairs remain In the New York City Subway system signs directing people to Flushing Meadows Queens remain from the 1964 65 event In the Montreal subway at least one tile artwork of its theme Man and His World remains Also a seemingly endless supply of souvenir items from fair visits can be found and in the United States at least often turn up at garage or estate sales Many fairs and expos produced postage stamps and commemorative coins The 1904 Olympic Games officially the Games of the III Olympiad were held in conjunction with the 1904 St Louis fair although no explicit coordination is evident The Exposition Universelle 1900 Paris was also concomitant with the Olympic Games See also edit nbsp World portal Agricultural show International Textile Machinery Association exhibition State fairReferences edit a b world s fair History Instances amp Facts Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved 11 March 2022 1 Britannica Retrieved 17 July 2019 exposition Cambridge French English Dictionary The Expo was postponed from 2020 to 2021 due to the COVID 19 pandemic Karnikova Ludmila 1965 Vyvoj obyvatelstva v ceskych zemich 1754 1914 1 ed Praha Nakladatelstvi Ceskoslovenske akademie ved pp 401 2 s Retrieved 2 June 2021 Klima Arnost 1 February 1974 The Role of Rural Domestic Industry in Bohemia in the Eighteenth Century The Economic History Review 27 1 48 56 doi 10 2307 2594203 JSTOR 2594203 Retrieved 2 June 2021 Rudolph Richard F 1975 The Pattern of Austrian Industrial Growth from the Eighteenth to the Early Twentieth Century Austrian History Yearbook 11 Cambridge University Press 3 25 doi 10 1017 S0067237800015216 S2CID 145393467 Retrieved 2 June 2021 The era of enlightenment Archived from the original on 16 March 2012 Retrieved 11 March 2011 John R Davies in Findling and Pelle 2008 Encyclopedia of World s Fairs and Expositions pp 13 14 Walvis Tjaco ed April 2004 Three eras of World Expositions 1851 present Cosmopolite Stardust World Expo amp National Branding Newsletter 5 Amsterdam Stardust New Ventures 1 World s Fair History Instances amp Facts Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved 29 May 2020 Abbattista Guido Iannuzzi Giulia 2016 World Expositions as Time Machines Two Views of the Visual Construction of Time between Anthropology and Futurama World History Connected 13 3 Ted Dykstra Director 2004 Expo 67 Back to the future DVD Canada CBC Home Video World Expo 2020 Silicon Valley USA Economic Impacts PDF Bay Area Council Economic Institute February 2011 Archived from the original PDF on 13 August 2012 Retrieved 6 July 2013 Tjaco Walvis 2003 Building Brand Locations Corporate Reputation Review Vol 5 No 4 pp 358 366 The Expos Archived from the original on 11 March 2018 Retrieved 26 May 2017 Based on BIE Convention Triennal di Milano Bureau International des Expositions BIE Paris org Retrieved 10 June 2019 Official Site of the Bureau International des Expositions Bie paris org 27 June 2013 Retrieved 25 September 2013 The Controversy about the Eiffel Tower Paris Eiffel Tower News Archived from the original on 5 March 2016 Retrieved 3 February 2016 Crystal Palace Joseph Paxton Transported by moving company Retrieved 19 June 2014 PPIE Found Remnants Architecture Japanese Gates and Pagoda Retrieved 10 January 2013 Balboa Park History Archived from the original on 16 July 2011 Retrieved 16 May 2013 Expo International Expositions 1851 2010 Anna Jackson 2008 Tower of the Sun Suita shi Japan Atlas Obscura Retrieved 10 January 2020 World Expo 88 Public Art Trail 30th Anniversary Brisbane City Council Brisbane qld gov au Retrieved 10 June 2019 Home South Bank Visitor Info What s On Shopping Dining Attractions and more Visit South Bank 4 June 2009 Retrieved 1 May 2011 Artequin Artequin cl Retrieved 1 May 2011 The UAE in World Expos Expo 2020 Dubai UAE Archived from the original on 15 December 2013 Retrieved 5 December 2013 Jarahieh School for Syrian refugee children in Lebanon CatalyticAction Archived from the original on 6 July 2017 Retrieved 27 January 2017 La nuova vita del villaggio Expo una scuola in Libano Save the Children Italia 29 December 2016 Retrieved 27 January 2017 Home Carre Carre be Archived from the original on 1 May 2011 Retrieved 1 May 2011 Further reading editFindling John E Pelle Kimberly D eds 2008 Encyclopedia of World s Fairs and Expositions Jefferson NC and London McFarland Geppert Alexander C T 2010 Fleeting Cities Imperial Expositions in Fin de Siecle Europe Basingstoke New York Palgrave Macmillan Geppert Alexander C T World s Fairs EGO European History Online Mainz Institute of European History 2018 retrieved 8 March 2021 PDF Lopez Cesar Isaac Estevez Cimadevila Javier 2018 World Expos Five structural approaches Estoa 7 13 7 22 doi 10 18537 est v007 n013 a1 hdl 2183 20872 External links editBureau International des Expositions official website Expo Bids The World s Fair Bid Tracker Archived 4 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine Information about bids for future world s fairs Expo FAQs General World s Fair questions answered at Celebrate 88 Exposition Medals Award medals of American World s Fairs and Expos Exposition Posters Paintings and Drawings Victoria and Albert Museum Archived from the original on 27 October 2007 Retrieved 10 January 2019 World s Fair Ephemeral and Graphic Materials collection Weltaustellung net Photographs from thirteen fairs includes stereograms World s Fairs and the Landscapes of the Modern Metropolis Posters photographs pamphlets commemorative books maps government reports and ephemera from the collection of the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University World s Fairs Structure laboratory the contribution of the buildings built for the World s Fairs to the history of architecture structural typologies PhD thesis by Isaac Lopez Cesar World s fair at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Definitions from Wiktionary nbsp Media from Commons nbsp Quotations from Wikiquote nbsp Travel guides from Wikivoyage nbsp Data from Wikidata Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title World 27s fair amp oldid 1220670655 World Expos, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
