Brill Building
The Brill Building is an office building at 1619 Broadway on 49th Street in the New York City borough of Manhattan, just north of Times Square and further uptown from the historic musical Tin Pan Alley neighborhood. It was built in 1931 as the Alan E. Lefcourt Building, after the son of its builder Abraham E. Lefcourt, and designed by Victor Bark Jr.[1][2] The building is 11 stories high and has approximately 175,000 square feet (16,300 m2) of rentable area.
| Brill Building | |
|---|---|
Seen in 2021 | |
| General information | |
| Type | Office building |
| Location | 1619 Broadway, Manhattan, New York |
| Coordinates | 40°45′40″N 73°59′04″W / 40.7611°N 73.9845°W |
| Opening | 1931 |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 11 |
| Floor area | 175,000 sq ft (16,300 m2) |
| Design and construction | |
| Developer | Victor Bark Jr. |
| Main contractor | Abraham E. Lefcourt |
| Designated | March 23, 2010 |
| Reference no. | 2387 |
The Brill Building is famous for housing music industry offices and studios where some of the most popular American songs were written. It is considered to have been the center of the American music industry that dominated the pop charts in the early 1960s.[3] The "Brill" name comes from a haberdasher who operated a store at street level and subsequently bought the building. The Brill Building was purchased by 1619 Broadway Realty LLC in June 2013 and underwent renovation during the 2010s. A CVS Pharmacy opened on the first two floors of the building in 2019.[1][4]
Big band era Edit
Before World War II, the Brill Building became a center of activity for the popular music industry, especially music publishing and songwriting. Scores of music publishers had offices in the Brill Building. Once songs had been published, the publishers sent song pluggers to the popular bands and radio stations. These song pluggers would sing and/or play the song for the band leaders to encourage bands to play their music.
During the ASCAP strike of 1941, many of the composers, authors and publishers turned to pseudonyms in order to have their songs played on the air.
Brill Building songs were constantly at the top of Billboard's Hit Parade and played by the leading bands of the day:
- The Benny Goodman Orchestra
- The Glenn Miller Orchestra
- The Jimmy Dorsey Orchestra
- The Tommy Dorsey Orchestra[2]
Publishers included:
- Leo Feist Inc.
- Lewis Music Publishing
- Mills Music Publishing
Brill Building composers and lyricists during the big band era included:
"Brill Building Sound" Edit
The Brill Building's name has been widely adopted as a shorthand term for a broad and influential stream of American popular music (strongly influenced by Latin music, Traditional black gospel, and rhythm and blues) which enjoyed great commercial success in the late 1950s and throughout the 1960s. Many significant American and international publishing companies, music agencies, and record labels were based in New York, and although these ventures were naturally spread across many locations, the Brill Building was regarded as probably the most prestigious address in New York for music business professionals. The term "Brill Building Sound" is somewhat inaccurate, however, since much of the music so categorized actually emanated from other locations — music historian Ken Emerson nominated buildings at 1650 Broadway and 1697 Broadway as other significant bases of activity in this field.[citation needed]
By 1962, the Brill Building contained 165 music businesses.[5] A musician could find a publisher and printer, cut a demo, promote the record and cut a deal with radio promoters, all within this one building. The creative culture of the independent music companies in the Brill Building and the nearby 1650 Broadway came to define the influential "Brill Building Sound" and the style of popular songwriting and recording created by its writers and producers.[6]
Carole King described the atmosphere at the "Brill Building" publishing houses of the period:
Every day we squeezed into our respective cubby holes with just enough room for a piano, a bench, and maybe a chair for the lyricist if you were lucky. You'd sit there and write and you could hear someone in the next cubby hole composing a song exactly like yours. The pressure in the Brill Building was really terrific—because Donny (Kirshner) would play one songwriter against another. He'd say: "We need a new smash hit"—and we'd all go back and write a song and the next day we'd each audition for Bobby Vee's producer.
— Quoted in The Sociology of Rock by Simon Frith[7]
The Brill Building approach—which can be extended to other publishers not based in the Brill Building—was one way that professionals in the music business took control of things in the time after rock and roll's first wave. In the Brill Building practice, there were no more unpredictable or rebellious singers; in fact, a specific singer in most cases could be easily replaced with another. These songs were written to order by pros who could custom fit the music and lyrics to the targeted teen audience. In a number of important ways, the Brill Building approach was a return to the way business had been done in the years before rock and roll, since it returned power to the publishers and record labels and made the performing artists themselves much less central to the music's production.[8]
Writers Edit
Many of the best works in this diverse category were written by a loosely affiliated group of songwriter-producer teams—mostly duos—that enjoyed immense success and who collectively wrote some of the biggest hits of the period. Many in this group were close friends and/or (in the cases of Goffin-King, Mann-Weil and Greenwich-Barry[2]) married couples, as well as creative and business associates—and both individually and as duos, they often worked together and with other writers in a wide variety of combinations. Some (Carole King, Paul Simon,[1] Burt Bacharach,[2] Neil Sedaka, Neil Diamond, Boyce and Hart) recorded and had hits with their own music.
- Burt Bacharach and Hal David
- Bert Berns
- Otis Blackwell
- Sonny Bono
- Boyce and Hart
- Neil Diamond
- Sherman Edwards
- Tony Orlando
- Andy Kim
- Giant, Baum & Kaye
- Gerry Goffin and Carole King
- Ellie Greenwich and Jeff Barry
- Marvin Hamlisch
- Hugo Peretti and Luigi Creatore
- Kander and Ebb
- Artie Kornfeld
- Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller
- Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil
- John Leslie McFarland
- Haras Fyre and Gwen Guthrie
- Shadow Morton
- Claus Ogerman[9]
- Doc Pomus and Mort Shuman
- Tony Powers
- Beverly Ross
- Neil Sedaka and Howard Greenfield
- Paul Simon as Jerry Landis[10]
- Phil Spector
- Eddie Snyder
- Bobby Susser
- Steve Tyrell
Other musicians who were headquartered in the Brill Building include:
- Bobby Darin[11]
- The Drifters featuring Ben E. King
- Connie Francis
- Lesley Gore
- Haras Fyre
- Darlene Love
- Liza Minnelli
- Donald Fagen and Walter Becker
- Gene Pitney
- The Ronettes
- The Shangri-Las
- The Shirelles
- The Sweet Inspirations
- Doris Troy
- Frankie Valli & The Four Seasons
- Dee Dee Warwick
- Dionne Warwick
- The Delicates
Among the hundreds of hits written by this group are "Maybe I Know" (Barry-Greenwich), "Yakety Yak" (Leiber-Stoller), "Save the Last Dance for Me" (Pomus-Shuman), "The Look of Love" (Bacharach-David), "Breaking Up Is Hard to Do" (Sedaka-Greenfield), "Devil in Disguise" (Giant-Baum-Kaye), "The Loco-Motion" (Goffin-King), "Supernatural Thing" (Haras Fyre-Gwen Guthrie), "We Gotta Get Out of This Place" (Mann-Weil), and "River Deep, Mountain High" (Spector-Greenwich-Barry).
Musicians Edit
The following is a partial list of studio musicians who contributed to the Brill Building sound:
- Arrangers/Conductors: Teacho Wiltshire, Garry Sherman, Alan Lorber, Jimmy Wisner, Artie Butler, Claus Ogerman, Stan Applebaum
- Bass: George Duvivier, Milt Hinton, Russ Savakus, Bob Bushnell, Joe Macho Jr, Al Lucas, Dick Romoff, James Tyrell, Jimmy Lewis, Lloyd Trotman, Wendell Marshall, Chuck Rainey
- Guitar: George Barnes, Al Gorgoni, Carl Lynch, Trade Martin, Bucky Pizzarelli, Everett Barksdale, Bill Suyker, Vinnie Bell, Al Caiola, Al Casamenti, Art Ryerson, Eric Gale, Ralph Casale, Charles Macey, Hugh McCracken, Wally Richardson, Don Arnone, Charles McCracken, Allan Hanlon, Sal Ditroia, Kenny Burrell, Mundell Lowe, Cornell Dupree, Mickey Baker
- Keyboards: Ernie Hayes, Paul Griffin, Leroy Glover, Frank Owens, Allan H. Nurse, Bernie Leighton, Artie Butler, Stan Free
- Drums: Gary Chester, Buddy Saltzman, Sticks Evans, Herbie Lovelle, Panama Francis, Al Rogers, Bobby Gregg, Sol Gubin, Bernard Purdie
- Saxophone: Artie Kaplan, Frank Heywood Henry, Phil Bodner, Jerome Richardson, Romeo Penque, King Curtis, Seldon Powell, Sam "the Man" Taylor, Buddy Lucas
- Trombone: Jimmy Cleveland, Frank Saracco, Benny Powell, Wayne Andre, Tony Studd, Micky Gravine, Urbie Green, Frank Rehak
- Trumpet: Jimmy Nottingham, Ernie Royal, Jimmy Maxwell, Bernie Glow, Irwin "Marky" Markowitz, Jimmy Sedlar, Dud Bascomb, Lammar Wright Jr, Burt Collins, Joe Shepley
- Percussion: George Devens, Phil Kraus, Bobby Rosengarden, Willie Rodriguez, Martin Grupp
- Engineers: Brooks Arthur, Eddie Smith, Bruce Staple, Phil Ramone, Gordy Clark, Mickey Crofford, Tom Dowd, Bill MacMeekin, Ron Johnson.
Aldon Music (1650 Broadway) Edit
Many of these writers came to prominence while under contract to Aldon Music, a publishing company founded in 1958 by industry veteran Al Nevins, and aspiring music entrepreneur Don Kirshner. Aldon was not initially located in the Brill Building, but rather, a block away at 1650 Broadway (at 51st Street). A number of Brill Building writers worked at 1650 Broadway, and the building continued to house record labels throughout the decades.
Toni Wine explains:
There were really two huge buildings that were housing publishing companies, songwriters, record labels, and artists. The Brill Building was one. But truthfully, most of your R&B, really rock & roll labels and publishing companies, including the studio, which was in the basement and was called Allegro Studios, was in 1650 Broadway. They were probably a block and a half away from each other. 1650 and the Brill Building.[12]
Businesses at 1619 Broadway (Brill Building) and 1650 Broadway Edit
1619 Broadway Edit
Hill and Range Songs
Elvis Presley Music
- Broadway Video
- Postworks LLC/Orbit Digital
- Famous Music
- Fiesta Records[13]
- Coed Records, Inc.
- Mills Music
- Clock Records
- Southern Music
- Red Bird Records
- TM Music
- SoundOne (primarily film sound editing) and Sound Mixers (sound studio for jingles and music albums)
- Helios Music/Glamorous Music
- KMA Music
- New Vision Communications
- Paul Simon Music
- Key Brand Entertainment
- Maggie Vision Productions
- Alexa Management – President/CEO – Shafi Khan
- TSQ LLC
- Mission Big
- Studio Center
1650 Broadway Edit
- Aldon Music
- Action Talents agency
- April/Blackwood Music
- Bang Records
- Bell Records, Inc.
- Buddah Records, Inc.
- Capezio Dance Theatre Shop
- Diamond Records
- Fling Music
- Gamble Records, Inc.
- H/B Webman & Co.
- Iridium Jazz Club
- Laurie Records
- Princess Music Publishing, Corp.
- Roulette Records
- Scepter Records
- Wand Records
- Web IV Music, Inc.
- We Three Music Publishing, Inc.
- Just Sunshine Records
- Allegro Sound Studios (later called Generation Sound Studios)
- Roosevelt Music
In popular culture Edit
The 1996 film Grace of My Heart is in part a fictionalized account of the life in the Brill Building. Illeana Douglas plays a songwriter loosely based on Carole King. Similarly, Broadway musical Beautiful depicts King's early career, including her songwriting at 1650 Broadway.
In Sweet Smell of Success, J.J. Hunsecker and his sister Susie live on one of the upper floors of the Brill Building. The title of the 2014 New Pornographers power pop album Brill Bruisers is a reference to the 1960s-era Brill Building studio sound.[14] In the HBO series Vinyl, the fictitious record label American Century is headquartered in the Brill Building.
Jack Dempsey's Broadway Restaurant was located in the Brill Building's first floor on Broadway.
It features in several episodes of the Broadway themed NBC musical drama Smash.
Stephin Merritt makes reference to the Brill Building on the Magnetic Fields' "Epitaph For My Heart" from their 1999 release 69 Love Songs.
Renovations and current use Edit
The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) designated the Brill Building as a landmark in December 2010.[15][16][17]
In 2017, Jimmy Buffett's hospitality company considered the building for a Margaritaville restaurant. It had investigated taking 25,000 square feet (2,300 m2) across the ground floor, second floor, and 11-story roof. The deal fell through when CVS Pharmacy leased some of that space instead.[18][19] The CVS opened in 2019.[citation needed] In 2020, the LPC approved a proposal by Bruno Kearney Architects to add LED signs to the Brill Building's facade and modify a ground-floor storefront for TD Bank.[20]
In July 2023, Brookfield Asset Management transferred the deed to the Brill Building to lender Mack Real Estate Group in a transfer valued at $216.1M.[21]
See also Edit
References Edit
Notes Edit
- ^ a b c Gray, Christopher, "Streetscapes: The Brill Building: Built With a Broken Heart", The New York Times, December 30, 2009.
- ^ a b c d New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, "Brill Building" July 15, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, New York City, March 23, 2010
- ^ D.H. (October 16, 2017). "The first biography of George Martin, the Beatles' only producer". The Economist.
- ^ Klocksin, Scott, "Report: Brill Building Up For Sale Amid Loan Foreclosure", Bisnow, January 26, 2017.
- ^ Shepherd, John; Horn, David (March 8, 2012). Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World Volume 8: Genres: North . p. 93. ISBN 9781441160782. Retrieved July 27, 2017.
- ^ "Don Kirshner". The Daily Telegraph. London. April 18, 2011. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022.
- ^ Frith, Simon (1978). The Sociology of Rock. ISBN 0-09-460220-4.
- ^ Covach, John Rudolph. What's That Sound?: An Introduction to Rock and Its History (2nd ed.). New York: W.W. Norton, 2009, ISBN 978-0393937251
- ^ "The Work of Claus Ogerman". Bjbear71.com. Retrieved July 27, 2017.
- ^ "Tom & Jerry meet Tico & The Triumphs". Rockabilly.nl. Retrieved July 27, 2017.
- ^ . Archived from the original on May 18, 2008. Retrieved July 27, 2017.
- ^ "Toni Wine : Songwriter Interviews". Songfacts.com. May 8, 2007. Retrieved July 27, 2017.
- ^ "Fiesta – CDs and Vinyl". Discogs.com. Retrieved July 27, 2017.
- ^ Anderson, Stacey (September 5, 2014). "New Pornographers Debut New Album at The Legendary Brill Building". Rollingstone.com. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
- ^ Newman, Andy (September 12, 2017). "Brill Building Is Named a Landmark". City Room. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ Carlson, Jen (March 23, 2010). "Brill Building Designated Landmark". Gothamist. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ Breskin, Nicole; Solomon, Serena (March 23, 2010). . DNAinfo New York. Archived from the original on December 21, 2021. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ Cuozzo, Steve (January 10, 2017). "Margaritaville restaurant planned for NYC falls through". Nypost.com. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
- ^ "1619 Broadway | Jimmy Buffet". Therealdeal.com. January 10, 2017. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
- ^ "Renderings Reveal Commercial Renovation to the Brill Building at 1619 Broadway in Midtown". New York YIMBY. December 17, 2020. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ Mack Real Estate takes control of Brill Building from Brookfield Asset Management, crainsnewyork.com. Accessed July 14, 2023.
Sources Edit
- Emerson, Ken (2005). Always Magic in the Air: The Bomp and Brilliance of the Brill Building Era. Viking Penguin. ISBN 0-670-03456-8. Reviewed by The New York Times here 'Always Magic in the Air': Leaders of the Pack.
- Postal, Matthew A. (2010). "The Brill Building" (designation report). New York: Landmarks Preservation Commission. LP-2387.
- Scheurer, Timothy E., American Popular Music: The Age of Rock, Bowling Green State University, Popular Press, 1989. Cf. especially pp. 76, 125.
Further reading Edit
- Interview with Toni Wine, Songfacts
- Regarding Claus Ogerman & his music publishing companies located at The Brill Building
- Brill Building Is Named a Landmark
- "Half Empty but Full of History, Brill Building Seeks Tenants", New York Times, 24 July 2013