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Wikipedia

WebM

January 30, 2023

WebM is an audiovisual media file format.[5] It is primarily intended to offer a royalty-free alternative to use in the HTML5 video and the HTML5 audio elements. It has a sister project, WebP, for images. The development of the format is sponsored by Google, and the corresponding software is distributed under a BSD license.

WebM
Filename extension
.webm
Internet media type
video/webm,
audio/webm
Developed byInitially On2, Xiph, and Matroska; later Google
Initial releaseMay 18, 2010; 12 years ago (2010-05-18)[1]
Latest release
v1.9.0[2]
December 19, 2019; 3 years ago (2019-12-19)
Type of formatContainer format
Container forVP8/VP9/AV1 (video)
Vorbis/Opus (audio)
Extended fromLimited subset of Matroska
Open format?Yes[3]
Free format?Yes[4]
Websitewebmproject.org

The WebM container is based on a profile of Matroska.[3][6][7] WebM initially supported VP8 video and Vorbis audio streams. In 2013, it was updated to accommodate VP9 video and Opus audio.[8] It also supports the new AV1 codec.[9]

An example of a WebM video

Vendor support

Software

Native WebM support by Mozilla Firefox,[10][11] Opera,[12][13] and Google Chrome[14] was announced at the 2010 Google I/O conference. Internet Explorer 9 requires third-party WebM software.[15] In 2021, Apple released Safari 14.1 for macOS, which added native WebM support to the browser.[16] As of 2019, QuickTime does not natively support WebM,[17][18] but does with a suitable third-party plug-in.[19] In 2011, the Google WebM Project Team released plugins for Internet Explorer and Safari to allow playback of WebM files through the standard HTML5 <video> tag.[20] As of 9 June 2012, Internet Explorer 9 and later supported the plugin for Windows Vista and later.[21]

VLC media player,[22] MPlayer, K-Multimedia Player and JRiver Media Center have native support for playing WebM files.[23] FFmpeg can encode and decode VP8 videos when built with support for libvpx, the VP8/VP9 codec library of the WebM project, as well as mux/demux WebM-compliant files.[24] On July 23, 2010 Fiona Glaser, Ronald Bultje, and David Conrad of the FFmpeg team announced the ffvp8 decoder. Their testing found that ffvp8 was faster than Google's own libvpx decoder.[25][26] MKVToolNix, the popular Matroska creation tools, implemented support for multiplexing/demultiplexing WebM-compliant files out of the box.[27] Haali Media Splitter also announced support for muxing/demuxing of WebM.[27] Since version 1.4.9, the LiVES video editor has support for realtime decoding and for encoding to WebM format using ffmpeg libraries.

MPC-HC since build SVN 2071 supports WebM playback with internal VP8 decoder based on FFmpeg's code.[25][28] The full decoding support for WebM is available in MPC-HC since version 1.4.2499.0.[29]

Android is WebM-enabled since version 2.3 Gingerbread,[30] which was first made available via the Nexus S smartphone and streamable since Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich.[31]

In September 2015, Microsoft announced that the Edge browser in Windows 10 would add support for WebM (Opus, Vorbis, VP9).[needs update][32]

On July 30, 2019, Blender 2.80 was released with WebM support.[33]

iOS did not natively play WebM originally,[34] but support for WebM was added in Safari 15 as part of iOS 15.[35]

The Sony PlayStation 5 supports capturing 1080p and 2160p footage in WebM format. [36]

ChromeOS screen recordings are saved as WebM files.[37]

Hardware

WebM Project licenses VP8 hardware accelerators (RTL IP) to semiconductor companies for 1080p encoding and decoding at zero cost.[38] AMD, ARM and Broadcom have announced support for hardware acceleration of the WebM format.[39][40] Intel is also considering hardware-based acceleration for WebM in its Atom-based TV chips if the format gains popularity.[41] Qualcomm and Texas Instruments have announced support,[42][43] with native support coming to the TI OMAP processor.[44] Chips&Media have announced a fully hardware decoder for VP8 that can decode full HD resolution (1080p) VP8 streams at 60 frames per second.[45]

Nvidia is supporting VP8 and provides both hardware decoding and encoding in the Tegra 4 and Tegra 4i SoCs.[46] Nvidia announced 3D video support for WebM through HTML5 and their Nvidia 3D Vision technology.[47][48][49]

On January 7, 2011, Rockchip released the world's first chip to host a full hardware implementation of 1080p VP8 decoding. The video acceleration in the RK29xx chip is handled by the WebM Project's G-Series 1 hardware decoder IP.[50]

In June 2011, ZiiLABS demonstrated their 1080p VP8 decoder implementation running on the ZMS-20 processor. The chip's programmable media processing array is used to provide the VP8 acceleration.[51]

ST-Ericsson and Huawei also had hardware implementations in their computer chips.[52]

Licensing

The original WebM license terminated both patent grants and copyright redistribution terms if a patent infringement lawsuit was filed, causing concerns around GPL compatibility. In response to those concerns, the WebM Project decoupled the patent grant from the copyright grant, offering the code under a standard BSD license and patents under a separate grant.[53] The Free Software Foundation, which maintains The Free Software Definition, has given its endorsement for WebM and VP8[54] and considers the software's license to be compatible with the GNU General Public License.[55][56] On January 19, 2011, the Free Software Foundation announced its official support for the WebM project.[57] In February 2011, Microsoft's Vice President of Internet Explorer called upon Google to provide indemnification against patent suits.[58]

Although Google has irrevocably released all of its patents on VP8 as a royalty-free format,[59] the MPEG LA, licensors of the H.264 patent pool, have expressed interest in creating a patent pool for VP8.[60][61] Conversely, other researchers cite evidence that On2 made a particular effort to avoid any MPEG LA patents.[62] As a result of the threat, the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) started an investigation in March 2011 into the MPEG LA for its role in possibly attempting to stifle competition.[63][64] In March 2013, MPEG LA announced that it had reached an agreement with Google to license patents that "may be essential" for the implementation of the VP8 codec, and give Google the right to sub-license these patents to any third-party user of VP8 or VP9.[65][66]

In March 2013, Nokia filed an objection to the Internet Engineering Task Force concerning Google's proposal for the VP8 codec to be a core part of WebM, saying it holds essential patents to VP8's implementation.[67] Nokia listed 64 patents and 22 pending applications, adding it was not prepared to license any of them for VP8.[68] On August 5, 2013, a court in Mannheim, Germany, ruled that VP8 does not infringe a patent owned and asserted by Nokia.[69]

See also

References

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External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to WebM videos.
  • Official website
  • WebM Container Guidelines
  • WebM test video HTML5.org
  • WebM at Open Hub

January 30, 2023
webm, audiovisual, media, file, format, primarily, intended, offer, royalty, free, alternative, html5, video, html5, audio, elements, sister, project, webp, images, development, format, sponsored, google, corresponding, software, distributed, under, license, f. WebM is an audiovisual media file format 5 It is primarily intended to offer a royalty free alternative to use in the HTML5 video and the HTML5 audio elements It has a sister project WebP for images The development of the format is sponsored by Google and the corresponding software is distributed under a BSD license WebMFilename extension webmInternet media typevideo webm audio webmDeveloped byInitially On2 Xiph and Matroska later GoogleInitial releaseMay 18 2010 12 years ago 2010 05 18 1 Latest releasev1 9 0 2 December 19 2019 3 years ago 2019 12 19 Type of formatContainer formatContainer forVP8 VP9 AV1 video Vorbis Opus audio Extended fromLimited subset of MatroskaOpen format Yes 3 Free format Yes 4 Websitewebmproject orgThe WebM container is based on a profile of Matroska 3 6 7 WebM initially supported VP8 video and Vorbis audio streams In 2013 it was updated to accommodate VP9 video and Opus audio 8 It also supports the new AV1 codec 9 source source source source source source source source source source source source source source An example of a WebM video Contents 1 Vendor support 1 1 Software 1 2 Hardware 2 Licensing 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksVendor support EditSoftware Edit Native WebM support by Mozilla Firefox 10 11 Opera 12 13 and Google Chrome 14 was announced at the 2010 Google I O conference Internet Explorer 9 requires third party WebM software 15 In 2021 Apple released Safari 14 1 for macOS which added native WebM support to the browser 16 As of 2019 update QuickTime does not natively support WebM 17 18 but does with a suitable third party plug in 19 In 2011 the Google WebM Project Team released plugins for Internet Explorer and Safari to allow playback of WebM files through the standard HTML5 lt video gt tag 20 As of 9 June 2012 update Internet Explorer 9 and later supported the plugin for Windows Vista and later 21 VLC media player 22 MPlayer K Multimedia Player and JRiver Media Center have native support for playing WebM files 23 FFmpeg can encode and decode VP8 videos when built with support for libvpx the VP8 VP9 codec library of the WebM project as well as mux demux WebM compliant files 24 On July 23 2010 Fiona Glaser Ronald Bultje and David Conrad of the FFmpeg team announced the ffvp8 decoder Their testing found that ffvp8 was faster than Google s own libvpx decoder 25 26 MKVToolNix the popular Matroska creation tools implemented support for multiplexing demultiplexing WebM compliant files out of the box 27 Haali Media Splitter also announced support for muxing demuxing of WebM 27 Since version 1 4 9 the LiVES video editor has support for realtime decoding and for encoding to WebM format using ffmpeg libraries MPC HC since build SVN 2071 supports WebM playback with internal VP8 decoder based on FFmpeg s code 25 28 The full decoding support for WebM is available in MPC HC since version 1 4 2499 0 29 Android is WebM enabled since version 2 3 Gingerbread 30 which was first made available via the Nexus S smartphone and streamable since Android 4 0 Ice Cream Sandwich 31 In September 2015 Microsoft announced that the Edge browser in Windows 10 would add support for WebM Opus Vorbis VP9 needs update 32 On July 30 2019 Blender 2 80 was released with WebM support 33 iOS did not natively play WebM originally 34 but support for WebM was added in Safari 15 as part of iOS 15 35 The Sony PlayStation 5 supports capturing 1080p and 2160p footage in WebM format 36 ChromeOS screen recordings are saved as WebM files 37 Hardware Edit WebM Project licenses VP8 hardware accelerators RTL IP to semiconductor companies for 1080p encoding and decoding at zero cost 38 AMD ARM and Broadcom have announced support for hardware acceleration of the WebM format 39 40 Intel is also considering hardware based acceleration for WebM in its Atom based TV chips if the format gains popularity 41 Qualcomm and Texas Instruments have announced support 42 43 with native support coming to the TI OMAP processor 44 Chips amp Media have announced a fully hardware decoder for VP8 that can decode full HD resolution 1080p VP8 streams at 60 frames per second 45 Nvidia is supporting VP8 and provides both hardware decoding and encoding in the Tegra 4 and Tegra 4i SoCs 46 Nvidia announced 3D video support for WebM through HTML5 and their Nvidia 3D Vision technology 47 48 49 On January 7 2011 Rockchip released the world s first chip to host a full hardware implementation of 1080p VP8 decoding The video acceleration in the RK29xx chip is handled by the WebM Project s G Series 1 hardware decoder IP 50 In June 2011 ZiiLABS demonstrated their 1080p VP8 decoder implementation running on the ZMS 20 processor The chip s programmable media processing array is used to provide the VP8 acceleration 51 ST Ericsson and Huawei also had hardware implementations in their computer chips 52 Licensing EditThe original WebM license terminated both patent grants and copyright redistribution terms if a patent infringement lawsuit was filed causing concerns around GPL compatibility In response to those concerns the WebM Project decoupled the patent grant from the copyright grant offering the code under a standard BSD license and patents under a separate grant 53 The Free Software Foundation which maintains The Free Software Definition has given its endorsement for WebM and VP8 54 and considers the software s license to be compatible with the GNU General Public License 55 56 On January 19 2011 the Free Software Foundation announced its official support for the WebM project 57 In February 2011 Microsoft s Vice President of Internet Explorer called upon Google to provide indemnification against patent suits 58 Although Google has irrevocably released all of its patents on VP8 as a royalty free format 59 the MPEG LA licensors of the H 264 patent pool have expressed interest in creating a patent pool for VP8 60 61 Conversely other researchers cite evidence that On2 made a particular effort to avoid any MPEG LA patents 62 As a result of the threat the United States Department of Justice DOJ started an investigation in March 2011 into the MPEG LA for its role in possibly attempting to stifle competition 63 64 In March 2013 MPEG LA announced that it had reached an agreement with Google to license patents that may be essential for the implementation of the VP8 codec and give Google the right to sub license these patents to any third party user of VP8 or VP9 65 66 In March 2013 Nokia filed an objection to the Internet Engineering Task Force concerning Google s proposal for the VP8 codec to be a core part of WebM saying it holds essential patents to VP8 s implementation 67 Nokia listed 64 patents and 22 pending applications adding it was not prepared to license any of them for VP8 68 On August 5 2013 a court in Mannheim Germany ruled that VP8 does not infringe a patent owned and asserted by Nokia 69 See also Edit Free and open source software portalComparison of video container formats EBML TheoraReferences Edit Release v0 9 0 webmproject libvpx GitHub May 18 2010 archived from the original on October 1 2020 retrieved February 8 2016 Release 2020 7 30 v1 9 0 Quacking Duck github com July 30 2020 Archived from the original on October 1 2020 Retrieved April 15 2020 a b WebM FAQ May 19 2010 Archived from the original on September 22 2021 Retrieved August 13 2016 WebM is an open media file format designed for the web WebM files consist of video streams compressed with the VP8 video codec and audio streams compressed with the Vorbis audio codec The WebM file structure is based on the Matroska media container WebM Partial draft Sustainability of Digital Formats Washington D C Library of Congress August 19 2020 Archived from the original on December 14 2021 Retrieved December 1 2021 The WebM Project About WebM webmproject org Archived from the original on August 15 2016 Retrieved August 13 2016 Doig Jeremy Jazayeri Mike May 19 2010 Introducing WebM an open web media project WebM Project archived from the original on April 19 2012 retrieved May 19 2010 Montgomery Chris May 19 2010 Xiph Org announces support for the WebM open media project Xiph archived from the original on May 23 2010 retrieved May 20 2010 The WebM Open Media Project Blog VP9 Lands in Chrome Dev Channel webmproject org Archived from the original on July 6 2013 Retrieved November 16 2013 Media container formats file types Web media technologies MDN developer mozilla org Retrieved January 15 2023 Shaver Mike May 19 2010 Open Web Open Video and WebM The Mozilla Blog Mozilla Foundation Archived from the original on May 11 2011 Retrieved March 8 2011 Blizzard Christopher May 19 2010 Firefox YouTube and WebM Mozilla Hacks Mozilla Foundation Archived from the original on March 2 2011 Retrieved March 8 2011 Lie Hakon Wium 19 May 2010 Welcome WebM lt video gt Opera Labs Opera Software ASA Archived from the original on 21 March 2011 Retrieved 8 March 2011 Mills Chris May 19 2010 Opera supports the WebM video format Dev Opera Opera Software ASA Archived from the original on April 5 2011 Retrieved March 8 2011 On the day of the announcement Opera released an experimental WebM enabled build This feature is now part of the core functionality of Opera 10 60 and all of our future desktop browser releases Bankoski Jim May 19 2010 WebM and VP8 land in Chromium The Chromium Blog Google Inc Archived from the original on May 11 2011 Retrieved March 8 2011 Hachamovitch Dean March 16 2011 HTML5 Video Update WebM for IE9 IEBlog Microsoft Corporation Archived from the original on March 18 2011 Retrieved March 16 2011 IE9 supports HTML5 video using WebM for Windows customers who install third party WebM support As an industry we still face many legitimate unanswered questions about liability risks and support for WebM avis April 29 2021 New WebKit Features in Safari 14 1 WebKit Archived from the original on May 6 2021 Retrieved May 6 2021 Apple QuickTime QuickTime Player Tech Specs Archived from the original on July 24 2008 Retrieved April 15 2010 Media formats supported by QuickTime Player in Mac OS X v10 6 Apple Support Apple Inc January 28 2011 Archived from the original on September 7 2011 Retrieved April 1 2011 Adding additional media format support to QuickTime Apple Support Apple Inc January 24 2011 Archived from the original on February 11 2011 Retrieved April 1 2011 Jazayeri Mike January 14 2011 More about the Chrome HTML Video Codec Change The Chromium Blog Google Inc Archived from the original on February 15 2011 Retrieved March 8 2011 the WebM Project team will soon release plugins that enable WebM support in Safari and IE9 via the HTML standard lt video gt tag WebM Media Foundation Components for Microsoft Internet Explorer WebMProject org The WebM Project Archived from the original on May 23 2018 Retrieved February 15 2018 VideoLan VLC 1 1 0 Release VideoLAN archived from the original on June 22 2020 retrieved April 15 2020 Add webm VP8 support to native matroska demuxer June 5 2010 archived from the original on October 3 2020 retrieved April 15 2020 ffmpeg 0 6 release ffmpeg org June 15 2010 archived from the original on March 27 2020 retrieved April 15 2020 a b Diary Of An x264 Developer Announcing the world s fastest VP8 decoder archived from the original on 30 September 2010 PATCH VP8 decoder FFmpeg devel June 15 2010 archived from the original on October 3 2020 retrieved April 15 2020 a b webm support in Matroska tools Matroska org May 20 2010 archived from the original on November 29 2018 retrieved April 15 2020 Add Internal VP8 Decoder June 23 2010 archived from the original on November 17 2014 retrieved June 23 2010 Changelog 1 4 2499 0 Media Player Classic Home Cinema September 7 2010 archived from the original on December 14 2012 retrieved August 28 2012 Android 2 3 Platform Highlights Android Developer December 6 2010 archived from the original on December 10 2010 retrieved December 11 2010 Supported Media Formats Android Developers developer android 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