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Wikipedia

Safari (web browser)

March 28, 2023

Safari is a web browser developed by Apple. It is built into Apple's operating systems, including macOS, iOS, and iPadOS, and uses Apple's open-source browser engine WebKit, which was derived from KHTML.

Safari
Safari 16 running on macOS Ventura
Developer(s)Apple Inc.
Initial releaseJanuary 7, 2003; 20 years ago (2003-01-07)
Stable release(s)
macOS16.4[1]  / 27 March 2023
iOS16.4[1]  / 27 March 2023
Preview release(s)
macOSTechnology Preview 166[2]  / 23 March 2023
Written inC++, C, assembly language, Objective-C[3] 
EnginesWebKit, Nitro
Operating systemmacOS[4]
iOS[5]
iPadOS[5]
Windows (2007–2012)[6]
TypeWeb browser
LicenseFreeware (pre-installed on Apple devices); some components (especially engine) GNU LGPL
Websiteapple.com/safari
Safari 15 on iPadOS 15

Safari was introduced in Mac OS X Panther in January 2003. It was included with the iPhone since the latter's first generation, which came out in 2007. At that time, Safari was the fastest browser on the Mac. Between 2007 and 2012, Apple maintained a Windows version,[7][8] but abandoned it due to low market share. In 2010, Safari 5 introduced a reader mode, extensions, and developer tools. Safari 11, released in 2017, added Intelligent Tracking Prevention, which uses artificial intelligence to block web tracking. Safari 13 added support for Apple Pay, and authentication with FIDO2 security keys. Its interface was redesigned in Safari 15.

Background

After its 1994 release Netscape Navigator rapidly became the dominant Mac browser, and eventually came bundled with Mac OS.[9] In 1996, Microsoft released Internet Explorer for Mac, and Apple released the Cyberdog internet suite, which included a web browser. In 1997, Apple shelved Cyberdog, and reached a five-year agreement with Microsoft to make IE the default browser on the Mac, starting with Mac OS 8.1. Netscape continued to be preinstalled on all Macintoshes.[9] Microsoft continued to update IE for Mac, which was ported to Mac OS X DP4 in May 2000.[10]

History and development

 
 
Pictured from left to right: Netscape Navigator, Cyberdog and Internet Explorer for Mac were the predecessors of Safari.
Main article: Safari version history

Conception

Before the name Safari, a couple of others were drafted including the title 'Freedom'. For over a year, it was privately referred to as 'Alexander', which means strings in coding formats; and 'iBrowse' prior to Safari being conceived.[11]

Safari 1

On January 7, 2003, at Macworld San Francisco, Apple CEO Steve Jobs announced Safari that was based on[12] WebKit, the company's internal fork of the KHTML browser engine.[13] Apple released the first beta version exclusively on Mac OS X the same day. Later that date, several official and unofficial beta versions followed until version 1.0 was released on June 23, 2003.[14][15] On Mac OS X v10.3, Safari was pre-installed as the system's default browser, rather than requiring a manual download, as was the case with the previous Mac OS X versions. Safari's predecessor, the Internet Explorer for Mac, was then included in 10.3 as an alternative.[16]

Safari 2

In April 2005, Engineer Dave Hyatt fixed several bugs in Safari. His experimental beta passed the Acid2 rendering test on April 27, 2005, marking it the first browser to do so.[17][18] Safari 2.0 which was released on April 29, 2005, was the sole browser Mac OS X 10.4 offered by default. Apple touted this version as it was capable of running a 1.8x speed boost compared to version 1.2.4 but it did not yet feature the Acid2 bug fixes. These major changes were initially unavailable for end-users unless they privately installed and compiled the WebKit source code or ran one of the nightly automated builds available at OpenDarwin. Version 2.0.2, released on October 31, 2005, finally included the Acid2 bug fixes.[19]

In June 2005 in efforts of KHTML criticisms over the lack of access to change logs, Apple moved the development source code and bug tracking of WebCore and JavaScriptCore to OpenDarwin. They have also open-sourced WebKit. The source code is for non-renderer aspects of the browser such as its GUI elements and the remaining proprietary.[20] The final stable version of Safari 2 and the last version released exclusively with Mac OS X, Safari 2.0.4, was updated on January 10, 2006, for Mac OS X. It was only available within Mac OS X Update 10.4.4, and it delivered fixes to layout and CPU usage issues among other improvements.[21]

Safari 3

On January 9, 2007, at Macworld San Francisco, Jobs unveiled that Safari 3 was ported to the newly-introduced iPhone within iPhone OS (later called iOS).[22][23] The mobile version was capable of displaying full, desktop-class websites.[24] At WWDC 2007, Jobs announced Safari 3 for Mac OS X 10.5, Windows XP, and Windows Vista. He ran a benchmark based on the iBench browser test suite comparing the most popular Windows browsers to the browser, and claimed that Safari had the fastest performance.[25] His claim was later examined by a third-party site called Web Performance over HTTP load times. They verified that Safari 3 was indeed the fastest browser on the Windows platform in terms of initial data loading over the Internet, though it was only negligibly faster than Internet Explorer 7 and Mozilla Firefox when it came to static content from the local cache.[26][27]

The initial Safari 3 beta version for Windows, released on the same day as its announcement at WWDC 2007, contained several bugs[28] and a zero day exploit that allowed remote code executions. The issues were then fixed by Apple three days later on June 14, 2007, in version 3.0.1.[29] On June 22, 2007, Apple released Safari 3.0.2 to address some bugs, performance problems, and other security issues. Safari 3.0.2 for Windows handled some fonts that were missing in the browser but already installed on Windows computers such as Tahoma, Trebuchet MS, and others.[30] The iPhone was previously released on June 29, 2007, with a version of Safari based on the same WebKit rendering engine as the desktop version but with a modified feature set better suited for a mobile device.[31] The version number of Safari as reported in its user agent string is 3.0 was in line along with the contemporary desktop editions.[32]

The first stable, non-beta version of Safari for Windows, Safari 3.1,[33] was offered as a free download on March 18, 2008. In June 2008, Apple released version 3.1.2,[34][35] which addressed a security vulnerability in the Windows version where visiting a malicious web site could force a download of executable files and execute them on the user's desktop.[36] Safari 3.2, released on November 13, 2008, introduced anti-phishing features using Google Safe Browsing and Extended Validation Certificate support.[37] The final version of Safari 3 was version 3.2.3, which was released on May 12, 2009, with security improvements.[38]

Safari 4

 
Safari 4 (pictured) was the first version that had entirely passed the Acid3 rendering test.

Safari 4 was released on June 8, 2009.[39] It was the first version that had completely passed the Acid3 rendering test,[40] as well as the first version to support HTML5.[41] It incorporated WebKit JavaScript engine SquirrelFish that significantly enhanced the browser's script interpretation performances by 29.9x. SquirrelFish was later evolved to SquirrelFish Extreme, later also marketed as Nitro, which had 63.6x faster performances.[42] A public beta of Safari 4 was experimented in February 24, 2009.[43]

Safari 4 relied on Cover Flow to run the History and Bookmarks, and it featured Speculative Loading that automatically pre-loaded document information that is required to visit a particular website. The top sites can be displayed up to 24 thumbnails based on the frequently visited sites in a startup. The desktop version of Safari 4 included a redesign similar to that of the iPhone. The update also commissioned many developer tool improvements including Web Inspectors, CSS element viewings, JavaScript debuggers and profilers, offline tables, database management, SQL support and resource graphs. In additions to CSS retouching effects, CSS canvas, and HTML5 content. It replaced the initial Mac OS X-like interface with native Windows themes on Windows using native font renderings.[44][45]

Safari 4.0.1 was released for Mac on June 17, 2009, and fixed Faces bugs in iPhoto '09.[46] Safari 4 in Mac OS X v10.6 "Snow Leopard" has built-in 64-bit support, which makes JavaScript load up to 50% faster. It also has native crash resistances that would maintain it intact if a plugin like Flash player crashes, though other tabs or windows would not be affected.[47][48] Safari 4.0.4, the final version which was released on November 11, 2009, for both Mac and Windows, which further improved the JavaScript performances.[49]

Safari 5

 
Safari 5 (pictured) was the final supported version for Windows.

Safari 5 was released on June 7, 2010, and was the final version (version 5.1.7) for Windows.[50] It featured a less distractive reader view,[51] and had a 30x faster JavaScript performances. It incorporated numerous developer tool improvements including HTML5 interoperability, and the accessibility to secure extensions. The progress bar was re-added in this version as well. Safari 5.0.1 enabled the Extensions PrefPane by default, rather than requiring users to manually set it in the Debug menu.[52]

Apple exclusively released Safari 4.1 concurrently with Safari 5 for Mac OS X Tiger. It included many features that were found in Safari 5, though it excluded the Safari Reader and Safari Extensions.[53] Apple released Safari 5.1 for both Windows and Mac on July 20, 2011, for Mac OS X 10.7 Lion; it was faster than Safari 5.0, and included the new Reading List feature. The company simultaneously announced Safari 5.0.6 in late June 2010 for Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard, though the new functions were excluded from Leopard users.

Several HTML5 features were provided in Safari 5. It added supports for full-screen video, closed caption, geolocation, EventSource, and a now obsolete early variant of the WebSocket protocol.[54] The fifth major version of Safari added supports for Full-text search, and a new search engine, Bing.[54] Safari 5 supported Reader, which displays web pages in a continuous view, without advertisements.[55] Safari 5 supported a smarter address field and DNS prefetching that automatically found links and looked up addresses on the web. New web pages loaded faster using Domain Name System (DNS) prefetching. The Windows version received an extra update on Graphic acceleration as well.[54] The blue inline progress bar was returned to the address bar; in addition to the spinning bezel and loading indicator introduced in Safari 4. Top Sites view now had a button to switch to Full History Search. Other features included Extension Builder for developers of Safari Extensions. Other changes included an improved inspector.[56] Safari 5 supports Extensions, add-ons that customize the web browsing experience. Extensions are built using web standards such as HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript.[57]

Safari 6

 
Safari 6 ceased support for Windows users, and it was subsequently removed from Microsoft's browser-choice menu (pictured).

Safari 6.0 was previously referred to as Safari 5.2 until Apple changed the version number at WWDC 2012. The stable release of Safari 6 coincided with the release of OS X Mountain Lion on July 25, 2012, and was integrated within OS.[58] As a result, it was no longer available for download from Apple's website or any other sources. Apple released Safari 6 via Software Update for users of OS X Lion. It was not released for OS X versions before Lion or for Windows.[59] The company later quietly removed references and links for the Windows version of Safari 5.[60] Microsoft had also removed Safari from its browser-choice page.[61]

On June 11, 2012, Apple released a developer preview of Safari 6.0 with a feature called iCloud Tabs, which syncs with open tabs on any iOS or other OS X device that ran the latest software. It updated new privacy features, including an "Ask websites not to track me" preference and the ability for websites to send OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion users notifications, though it removed RSS support.[62] Safari 6 had the Share Sheets capability in OS X Mountain Lion. The Share Sheet options were: Add to Reading List, Add Bookmark, Email this Page, Message, Twitter, and Facebook. Tabs with full-page previews were added, too.[63] The sixth major version of Safari, it added options to allow pages to be shared with other users via email, Messages, Twitter, and Facebook, as well as making some minor performance improvements.[64] It added supports for -webkit-calc() in CSS. Additionally, various features were removed including Activity Window, a separate Download Window, direct support for RSS feeds in the URL field, and bookmarks. The separate search field and the address bar were also no longer available as a toolbar configuration option. Instead, it was replaced by the smart search field, a combination of the address bar and the search field.[64]

Safari 7

 
Craig Federighi announcing Safari 7 (pictured in projection screen) in WWDC 2013

Safari 7 was announced at WWDC 2013, [65] and it brought a number of JavaScript performance improvements. It made uses of Top Site and Sidebar, Shared Links, and Power Saver which paused unused plugins.[66] Safari 7 for OS X Mavericks and Safari 6.1 for Lion and Mountain Lion were all released along with OS X Mavericks in the special event on October 22, 2013.[67]

Safari 8

Safari 8 was announced at WWDC 2014 and was released for OS X Yosemite. It included the JavaScript API WebGL, stronger privacy management, improved iCloud integration, and a redesigned interface.[68] It was also faster and more efficient, with additional developer features including JavaScript Promises, CSS Shapes & Composting mark up, IndexedDB, Encrypted Media Extensions, and SPDY protocol.[68]

Safari 9

Safari 9 was announced in WWDC 2015 and was shipped with OS X El Capitan. New features included audio muting, more options for Safari Reader, and improved autofill. It was not fully available for the previous OS X Yosemite.[69]

Safari 10

 
Safari 10 (pictured) allowed extension to be saved directly to Pocket and Dic Go.

Safari 10 was shipped with macOS Sierra and released for OS X Yosemite and OS X El Capitan on September 20, 2016.[70] It had a redesigned Bookmark and History views, and double-clicking will centralized focus on a particular folder. The update redirected Safari extensions to be saved directly to Pocket and Dic Go. Software improvements included Autofill quality from the Contrast card and Web Inspector Timelines Tab, in-line sub-headlines, bylines, and publish dates.[71][72][73] This version tracks and re-applies zoomed level to websites, and legacy plug-ins were disabled by default in favor of HTML5 versions of websites. Recently closed tabs can be reopened via the History menu, or by holding the "+" button in the tab bar, and using Shift-Command-T. When a link opens in a new tab; it is now possible to hit the back button or swipe to close it and go back to the original tab. Debugging is now supported on the Web Inspector.[70] Safari 10 also includes several security updates, including fixes for six WebKit vulnerabilities and issues related to Reader and Tabs. The first version of Safari 10 was released on September 20, 2016, and the last version (10.1.2) was released on July 19, 2017.[74]

Safari 11

Safari 11 was released on September 19, 2017 for OS X El Capitan and macOS Sierra. It was shipped with macOS High Sierra.[75] Safari 11 included several new features such as Intelligent Tracking Prevention[76] which aimed to prevent cross-site tracking by placing limitations on cookies and other website data.[77] Intelligent Tracking Prevention allowed first-party cookies to continue track the browser history, though with time limits.[78] For example, first-party cookies from ad-tech companies such as Google/Alphabet Inc., were set to expire in 24-hours after the visit.[79][78]

Safari 12

 
Safari 12 (pictured) in dark mode

Safari 12 was released for macOS Mojave on September 24, 2018. It was also available to macOS Sierra and macOS High Sierra on September 17, 2018. Safari 12 included several new features such as Icons in tabs, Automatic Strong Passwords, and Intelligent Tracking Prevention 2.0.[80] Safari version 12.0.1 was released on October 30, 2018, within macOS Mojave 10.14.1,[81] and Safari 12.0.2 was released on December 5, 2018, under macOS 10.14.2.[82] Support for developer-signed classic Safari Extensions has been dropped. This version would also be the last that supported the official Extensions Gallery. Apple also encouraged extension authors to switch to Safari App Extensions, which triggered negative feedback from the community.[83]

Safari 13

Safari 13 was announced at WWDC 2019 on June 3, 2019. Safari 13 included several new features such as prompting users to change weak passwords, FIDO2 USB security key authentication support, Sign in with Apple support, Apple Pay on the Web support and increased speed and security.[84] Safari 13 was released on September 20, 2019, on macOS Mojave and macOS High Sierra, and later shipped with macOS Catalina.[85]

Safari 14

In June 2020 it was announced that macOS Big Sur will include Safari 14.[86] According to Apple, Safari 14 is more than 50% faster than Google Chrome.[87] Safari 14 introduced new privacy features, including Privacy Report, which shows blocked content and privacy information on web pages. Users will also receive a monthly report on trackers that Safari has blocked. Extensions can also be enabled or disabled on a site-by-site basis.[88] Safari 14 introduced partial[89] support for the WebExtension API used in Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Firefox, and Opera, making it easier for developers to port their extensions from those web browsers to Safari.[90] Support for Adobe Flash Player will also be dropped from Safari, 3 months ahead of its end-of-life.[91] A built-in translation service allows translation of a page to another language. Safari 14 was released as a standalone update to macOS Catalina and Mojave users on September 16, 2020.[92] It added Ecosia as a supported search engine.[93]

Safari 15

Safari 15 was released for macOS Big Sur and macOS Catalina on September 20, 2021, and later shipped with macOS Monterey.[94][95] It featured a redesigned interface and tab groups that blended better into the background. There were also a new home page and extension supports on the iOS and iPadOS editions.[96]

Safari 16

Safari 16 was released for macOS Monterey and macOS Big Sur on September 12, 2022, and later shipped with macOS Ventura.[97] Safari 16 added support for non-animated AVIF[98] and contains several bug fixes and feature polishing.

iOS versions

Version New features
iOS-specific features
  • Bookmarking links to particular pages as "Web Clip" icons on the Home screen.[99]
  • MDI-style browsing.[100]
  • Opening specially designed pages in full-screen mode.[101]
  • Pressing on an image for 3 seconds to save it to the photo album.[102]
  • Support for HTML5 new input types.[103]
  • Only the domain name is shown in the address bar, if not focused upon (while not actuated).[104]
  • iOS 4
  • iOS 4.2
  • Find feature built into search box.[105]
  • Ability to print the current webpage using AirPrint.[106]
iOS 4.3
  • Integration of the Nitro JavaScript engine for faster page loads. This feature was expanded to home-screen web applications in iOS 5.0.[107]
iOS 5
  • True tabbed browsing, similar to the desktop experience, only for iPads.[108]
  • Reading List, a bookmarking feature that allows tagging of certain sites for reading later, which syncs across all Safari browsers (mobile and desktop) via Apple's iCloud service.[108]
  • Reader, a reading feature that can format text and images from a web page into a more readable format, similar to a PDF document, while stripping out web advertising and superfluous information.[108]
  • Private browsing, like in most desktop browsers, is a feature that does not save the user's cookies and history or allow anything to be written into local storage or Web SQL Databases.
iOS 6
  • iCloud Tabs, linking the desktop and iOS versions of Safari.
  • Offline Reading Lists allow users to read pages stored previously without remaining connected to the internet.[109]
  • Full-screen landscape view, for iPhone and iPod touch users, hides most of the Safari controls except the back and forward buttons and the status bar when in landscape mode.
iOS 7
  • New icon
  • 64-bit build on supported devices using the A7 processor.
  • iCloud Keychain: iCloud can remember passwords, account names, and credit card numbers. Safari can also autofill them as well. Requires devices that run iOS 7.0.3 and later and OS X Mavericks or later.
  • Password Generator: When creating a new account, Safari can suggest the user a long, more secure, hard-to-guess password, and Safari will also automatically remember the password.
  • Shared Links
  • Do Not Track
  • Parental controls
  • Tab limit increased from 9 to 36
  • New Tab view (iPhone and iPod touch only)
  • Unified smart search field
  • Sync Bookmarks with Google Chrome and Firefox on Windows.[110]
iOS 8
  • A search function to search through all open tabs has been added in Tab view on iPad and select iPhones[111]
  • Two-finger pinch to reveal Tab view on iPads and select iPhones
  • New Sidebar that slides out to reveal bookmarks, Reading List, and Shared Links on iPads and select iPhones in landscape view
  • Address bar now hides when scrolling down on iPads
  • Spotlight Search is now available from Safari's address bar
  • Option to "Scan Credit Card" when filling out credit card info on a web form
  • WebGL support
  • APNG support
  • Private browsing per tab
  • RSS feeds in Shared Links
  • DuckDuckGo support
  • Option to Request the desktop site while entering a web address
  • Option to add a website to Favorites while entering a web address
  • Swipe to close iCloud tabs from other devices.
  • Hold the "+" (new tab button) in tab view to list recently closed tabs is now available on iPhone
  • Can delete individual items from History
  • Safari now blocks ads from automatically redirecting to the App Store without user interaction
  • Bookmark icon updated
  • Improved, iPad-like interface available on select iPhones in landscape view
iOS 9
  • The option to add content blocking extensions is available to block specific web content[112]
  • Apps can use Safari's view controller to display web content from within the app, sharing cookies and other website data with Safari
  • Improved reader view, allowing the user to choose from different fonts and themes as well as hiding the controls
iOS 10
  • Apple Pay in Safari[113]
  • View two pages at once using Split View in Safari on iPad[114]
iOS 11
  • More rounded search bar[115]
  • Redesigned video player
  • Modified scrolling speed and momentum
iOS 12
  • Support for stronger password suggestion[116]
  • Support for auto-fill from a third-party provider
  • Third-party can suggest a strong password
  • Auto-fill of 2FA code sent by email
  • Fullscreen Support
iOS 13
  • Desktop browsing mode can be enabled by default[117]
  • Revamped Start Page
  • Website preferences (Privacy, etc.)
  • Page zoom up to 300%
  • Read view can be enabled by default
  • Toggle content blockers for all websites
  • Permission access pop up, asking for permission to use camera, audio and location data
  • Image resizing
  • Save Open tabs as Bookmarks
  • Open tabs from search
  • Automatically close tabs after a set period of time
  • Redesigned share sheet
  • Apple ID sign-in to third-party sites
  • Weak password warning
  • Improved Encryption
  • Next level Anti-Fingerprinting Protections
  • Download manager icon
iOS 14
  • Faster Javascript engine support[118]
  • Built-in translation option
  • Password Monitoring
  • Password alerts
  • Privacy and data tracking report
  • Picture in Picture mode
  • Website launch from search
  • Sign in with Apple ID on many third-party websites
  • Tracking permission
iOS 15
  • New design[119]
  • Tab groups
  • Updated home landing page
  • Extension supports

Safari Technology Preview

Safari Technology Preview was first released alongside OS X El Capitan 10.11.4. Safari Technology Preview releases include the latest version of WebKit, which included Web technologies in the future stable releases of Safari so that developers and users can install the Technology Preview release on a Mac, test those features, and provide feedback.[120]

Safari Developer Program

The Safari Developer Program was a program dedicated to in-browser extension and HTML developers. It allowed members to write and distribute extensions for the browser through the Safari Extensions Gallery. It was initially free until it was incorporated into the Apple Developer Program in WWDC 2015, which costs $99 a year. The charges prompted frustrations from developers.[citation needed] Within OS X El Capitan, Apple implemented the Secure Extension Distribution to further improve its security, and it automatically updated all extensions within the Safari Extensions Gallery.[121][122]

Features

 
Safari's Web Inspector in macOS Big Sur

Until Safari 6.0, it included a built-in web feed aggregator that supported the RSS and Atom standards. Current features included Private Browsing (a mode in which the browser retains no record of information about the user's web activity),[123] the ability to archive web content in WebArchive format, the ability to email complete web pages directly from a browser menu, the ability to search bookmarks, and the ability to share tabs between all Mac and iOS devices running appropriate versions of software via an iCloud account.[124]

Web compatibility

Safari pioneered several now standard HTML5 features (such as the Canvas API) in its early years.[citation needed]

More recently, it has been criticized for failing to keep pace with some modern web technologies.[125]

Intelligent Tracking Prevention

In September 2017 Apple announced that it will use artificial intelligence (AI) to reduce the ability of advertisers to track Safari users as they browse the web. Cookies used for tracking will be allowed for 24 hours, then disabled, unless AI judges the user wants the cookie.[126] Major advertising groups objected, saying it will reduce the free services supported by advertising, while other experts praised the change.[127]

Plugin support

Apple used a remotely updated plug-in blacklist to prevent potentially dangerous or vulnerable plugins from running on Safari. Initially, Flash and Java contents were blocked on some early versions of Safari. Since Safari 12, support for NPAPI plugins (except for Flash) has been completely dropped. Safari 14 finally dropped support for Adobe Flash Player.[91]

WebExtension support

Beginning in 2018, Apple made technical changes to Safari's content blocking functionality which prompted backlash from users[128] and developers[129] of ad blocking extensions, who said the changes made it impossible to offer a similar level of user protection found in other browsers. Internally, the update limited the number of blocking rules[130] which could be applied by third-party extensions, preventing the full implementation of community-developed blocklists. In response, several developers of popular ad and tracking blockers announced their products were being discontinued,[131] as they were now incompatible with Safari's newly limited content blocking features. Beginning with Safari 13, popular extensions such as uBlock Origin no longer work with Safari.[129]

iCloud sync

Safari can sync bookmarks, history, reading list, and tabs through iCloud. This happens by default if a user's Mac, iPhone or iPad is logged in to iCloud, but syncing can be disabled in the Settings app (on iOS and iPadOS) or System Settings (on Mac).[citation needed]

iCloud Tabs lets users see a list of their other devices' open tabs that have not been added to a tab group. On iOS and iPadOS, these iCloud Tabs are shown below the grid of open tabs. On the Mac, they are shown at the bottom of the Tab Overview, or in an optional iCloud Tabs toolbar item.[citation needed]

Tab Groups

Safari 15 added tab groups. These tab groups, and the tabs they contain, are synced across devices;[132] when a tab is opened in a tab group on one device, it is added to that tab group on all devices, without needing to manually open it through iCloud Tabs.[citation needed] macOS Ventura added Shared Tab Groups, which can be shared through iMessage. New tabs and closed tabs will sync for all participants, and a small thumbnail with users' profile pictures will be visible on the tab they are currently viewing.[133]

Continuity

Safari supports the Handoff feature, which allows users to continue where they left off on another device.[134][135]

Architecture

On macOS, Safari is a Cocoa application. It used Apple's WebKit for rendering web pages and running JavaScript. WebKit consisted of WebCore (based on Konqueror's KHTML engine) and JavaScriptCore (originally based on KDE's JavaScript engine, named KJS). Like KHTML and KJS, WebCore and JavaScriptCore were free software and were released under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License. Some Apple improvements to the KHTML code were merged back into the Konqueror project. Apple had also released some additional codes under the open source 2-clause BSD-like license.[136] The version of Safari included in Mac OS X v10.6 (and later versions) is compiled for 64-bit architecture. Apple claimed that running Safari in 64-bit mode would increase rendering speeds by up to 50%.[137]

WebKit2 has a multiprocess API for WebKit, where the web-content is handled by a separate process than the application using WebKit. Apple announced WebKit2 in April 2010.[138] Safari for OS X switched to the new API with version 5.1.[139] Safari for iOS switched to WebKit2 with iOS 8.[140][141]

Platforms

Mac

iOS/iPadOS

Since 2015, iOS has allowed third party web browsers to be installed, including Chrome, Firefox, Opera and Edge; however, they are all forced to use the underlying WebKit browser engine, and inherit its limitations.[142][143]

Windows

Safari for Windows was introduced at WWDC 2007.[citation needed]

After Safari's release, Apple Software Update—an updater program bundled with QuickTime and iTunes for Windows—automatically selected Safari for installation, as a "Recommended" program. When users ran the updater manually, the option to install Safari was checked by default. This was criticized by John Lilly, then-CEO of Mozilla, who said it "borders on malware distribution practices".[144] By late 2008, Apple Software Update stopped installing new software by default, though it still offered Safari in its list of available programs (with its checkbox unticked).

Market share

 
Market share data of Safari

In 2009, Safari had a market share of 3.85%.[145] It remained stable in that rank for five years with market shares of 5.56% (2010), 7.41% (2011), 10.07% (2012), and 11.77% (2013).[146][147][148] In 2014, it caught up with Firefox with a market share of 14.20%.[149][150] In 2015, Safari became the second most-used web browser worldwide after Google Chrome, and had a market share of 13.01%.[151] From 2015 to 2020, it occupied market shares of 14.02%, 14.86%, 14.69%, 17.68% and 19.25, respectively.[151][152][153][154][155][156] As of November 2021, Google Chrome continued to be the most popular browser with Safari (19.22%) following behind in second place.[157]

In May 2022, according to StatCounter, Apple's Safari dropped to the third most popular desktop browser after being overtaken by Microsoft's Edge.[158] Safari was then used by 9.61 percent of desktop computers worldwide.[158]

Criticism

Security updates for Snow Leopard and Windows

Software security firm Sophos detailed how Snow Leopard and Windows users were not supported by the Safari 6 release at the time,[159] while there were over 121 vulnerabilities left unpatched on those platforms.[160] Since then, Snow Leopard has had only three minor version releases (the most recent in September 2013[161]), and Windows has had none.[162] While no official word has been released by Apple, the indication is that these are the final versions available for these operating systems, and both retain significant security issues.[163][164]

See also

References

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  4. ^ Cross, Jason (April 2, 2021). "Five M1-native Mac browsers that might make you dump Safari". Macworld. from the original on April 14, 2021. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  5. ^ a b McElhearn, Kirk (August 22, 2019). "Is Safari the most private browser for iPhone and iPad?". Intego. from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  6. ^ "Apple apparently kills Windows PC support in Safari 6.0". AppleInsider. July 25, 2012. from the original on April 9, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
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External links

 
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March 28, 2023
safari, browser, safari, browser, developed, apple, built, into, apple, operating, systems, including, macos, ipados, uses, apple, open, source, browser, engine, webkit, which, derived, from, khtml, safarisafari, running, macos, venturadeveloper, apple, initia. Safari is a web browser developed by Apple It is built into Apple s operating systems including macOS iOS and iPadOS and uses Apple s open source browser engine WebKit which was derived from KHTML SafariSafari 16 running on macOS VenturaDeveloper s Apple Inc Initial releaseJanuary 7 2003 20 years ago 2003 01 07 Stable release s macOS16 4 1 27 March 2023iOS16 4 1 27 March 2023Preview release s macOSTechnology Preview 166 2 23 March 2023Written inC C assembly language Objective C 3 EnginesWebKit NitroOperating systemmacOS 4 iOS 5 iPadOS 5 Windows 2007 2012 6 TypeWeb browserLicenseFreeware pre installed on Apple devices some components especially engine GNU LGPLWebsiteapple com safariSafari 15 on iPadOS 15 Safari was introduced in Mac OS X Panther in January 2003 It was included with the iPhone since the latter s first generation which came out in 2007 At that time Safari was the fastest browser on the Mac Between 2007 and 2012 Apple maintained a Windows version 7 8 but abandoned it due to low market share In 2010 Safari 5 introduced a reader mode extensions and developer tools Safari 11 released in 2017 added Intelligent Tracking Prevention which uses artificial intelligence to block web tracking Safari 13 added support for Apple Pay and authentication with FIDO2 security keys Its interface was redesigned in Safari 15 Contents 1 Background 2 History and development 2 1 Conception 2 2 Safari 1 2 3 Safari 2 2 4 Safari 3 2 5 Safari 4 2 6 Safari 5 2 7 Safari 6 2 8 Safari 7 2 9 Safari 8 2 10 Safari 9 2 11 Safari 10 2 12 Safari 11 2 13 Safari 12 2 14 Safari 13 2 15 Safari 14 2 16 Safari 15 2 17 Safari 16 2 18 iOS versions 2 19 Safari Technology Preview 2 20 Safari Developer Program 3 Features 3 1 Web compatibility 3 2 Intelligent Tracking Prevention 3 3 Plugin support 3 4 WebExtension support 3 5 iCloud sync 3 6 Tab Groups 3 7 Continuity 4 Architecture 5 Platforms 5 1 Mac 5 2 iOS iPadOS 5 3 Windows 6 Market share 7 Criticism 7 1 Security updates for Snow Leopard and Windows 8 See also 9 References 10 External linksBackground EditAfter its 1994 release Netscape Navigator rapidly became the dominant Mac browser and eventually came bundled with Mac OS 9 In 1996 Microsoft released Internet Explorer for Mac and Apple released the Cyberdog internet suite which included a web browser In 1997 Apple shelved Cyberdog and reached a five year agreement with Microsoft to make IE the default browser on the Mac starting with Mac OS 8 1 Netscape continued to be preinstalled on all Macintoshes 9 Microsoft continued to update IE for Mac which was ported to Mac OS X DP4 in May 2000 10 History and development Edit Pictured from left to right Netscape Navigator Cyberdog and Internet Explorer for Mac were the predecessors of Safari Main article Safari version history Conception Edit This section needs expansion with Expand with material from Kocienda s book Creative Selection You can help by adding to it December 2022 Before the name Safari a couple of others were drafted including the title Freedom For over a year it was privately referred to as Alexander which means strings in coding formats and iBrowse prior to Safari being conceived 11 Safari 1 Edit On January 7 2003 at Macworld San Francisco Apple CEO Steve Jobs announced Safari that was based on 12 WebKit the company s internal fork of the KHTML browser engine 13 Apple released the first beta version exclusively on Mac OS X the same day Later that date several official and unofficial beta versions followed until version 1 0 was released on June 23 2003 14 15 On Mac OS X v10 3 Safari was pre installed as the system s default browser rather than requiring a manual download as was the case with the previous Mac OS X versions Safari s predecessor the Internet Explorer for Mac was then included in 10 3 as an alternative 16 Safari 2 Edit In April 2005 Engineer Dave Hyatt fixed several bugs in Safari His experimental beta passed the Acid2 rendering test on April 27 2005 marking it the first browser to do so 17 18 Safari 2 0 which was released on April 29 2005 was the sole browser Mac OS X 10 4 offered by default Apple touted this version as it was capable of running a 1 8x speed boost compared to version 1 2 4 but it did not yet feature the Acid2 bug fixes These major changes were initially unavailable for end users unless they privately installed and compiled the WebKit source code or ran one of the nightly automated builds available at OpenDarwin Version 2 0 2 released on October 31 2005 finally included the Acid2 bug fixes 19 In June 2005 in efforts of KHTML criticisms over the lack of access to change logs Apple moved the development source code and bug tracking of WebCore and JavaScriptCore to OpenDarwin They have also open sourced WebKit The source code is for non renderer aspects of the browser such as its GUI elements and the remaining proprietary 20 The final stable version of Safari 2 and the last version released exclusively with Mac OS X Safari 2 0 4 was updated on January 10 2006 for Mac OS X It was only available within Mac OS X Update 10 4 4 and it delivered fixes to layout and CPU usage issues among other improvements 21 Safari 3 Edit On January 9 2007 at Macworld San Francisco Jobs unveiled that Safari 3 was ported to the newly introduced iPhone within iPhone OS later called iOS 22 23 The mobile version was capable of displaying full desktop class websites 24 At WWDC 2007 Jobs announced Safari 3 for Mac OS X 10 5 Windows XP and Windows Vista He ran a benchmark based on the iBench browser test suite comparing the most popular Windows browsers to the browser and claimed that Safari had the fastest performance 25 His claim was later examined by a third party site called Web Performance over HTTP load times They verified that Safari 3 was indeed the fastest browser on the Windows platform in terms of initial data loading over the Internet though it was only negligibly faster than Internet Explorer 7 and Mozilla Firefox when it came to static content from the local cache 26 27 The initial Safari 3 beta version for Windows released on the same day as its announcement at WWDC 2007 contained several bugs 28 and a zero day exploit that allowed remote code executions The issues were then fixed by Apple three days later on June 14 2007 in version 3 0 1 29 On June 22 2007 Apple released Safari 3 0 2 to address some bugs performance problems and other security issues Safari 3 0 2 for Windows handled some fonts that were missing in the browser but already installed on Windows computers such as Tahoma Trebuchet MS and others 30 The iPhone was previously released on June 29 2007 with a version of Safari based on the same WebKit rendering engine as the desktop version but with a modified feature set better suited for a mobile device 31 The version number of Safari as reported in its user agent string is 3 0 was in line along with the contemporary desktop editions 32 The first stable non beta version of Safari for Windows Safari 3 1 33 was offered as a free download on March 18 2008 In June 2008 Apple released version 3 1 2 34 35 which addressed a security vulnerability in the Windows version where visiting a malicious web site could force a download of executable files and execute them on the user s desktop 36 Safari 3 2 released on November 13 2008 introduced anti phishing features using Google Safe Browsing and Extended Validation Certificate support 37 The final version of Safari 3 was version 3 2 3 which was released on May 12 2009 with security improvements 38 Safari 4 Edit Safari 4 pictured was the first version that had entirely passed the Acid3 rendering test Safari 4 was released on June 8 2009 39 It was the first version that had completely passed the Acid3 rendering test 40 as well as the first version to support HTML5 41 It incorporated WebKit JavaScript engine SquirrelFish that significantly enhanced the browser s script interpretation performances by 29 9x SquirrelFish was later evolved to SquirrelFish Extreme later also marketed as Nitro which had 63 6x faster performances 42 A public beta of Safari 4 was experimented in February 24 2009 43 Safari 4 relied on Cover Flow to run the History and Bookmarks and it featured Speculative Loading that automatically pre loaded document information that is required to visit a particular website The top sites can be displayed up to 24 thumbnails based on the frequently visited sites in a startup The desktop version of Safari 4 included a redesign similar to that of the iPhone The update also commissioned many developer tool improvements including Web Inspectors CSS element viewings JavaScript debuggers and profilers offline tables database management SQL support and resource graphs In additions to CSS retouching effects CSS canvas and HTML5 content It replaced the initial Mac OS X like interface with native Windows themes on Windows using native font renderings 44 45 Safari 4 0 1 was released for Mac on June 17 2009 and fixed Faces bugs in iPhoto 09 46 Safari 4 in Mac OS X v10 6 Snow Leopard has built in 64 bit support which makes JavaScript load up to 50 faster It also has native crash resistances that would maintain it intact if a plugin like Flash player crashes though other tabs or windows would not be affected 47 48 Safari 4 0 4 the final version which was released on November 11 2009 for both Mac and Windows which further improved the JavaScript performances 49 Safari 5 Edit Safari 5 pictured was the final supported version for Windows Safari 5 was released on June 7 2010 and was the final version version 5 1 7 for Windows 50 It featured a less distractive reader view 51 and had a 30x faster JavaScript performances It incorporated numerous developer tool improvements including HTML5 interoperability and the accessibility to secure extensions The progress bar was re added in this version as well Safari 5 0 1 enabled the Extensions PrefPane by default rather than requiring users to manually set it in the Debug menu 52 Apple exclusively released Safari 4 1 concurrently with Safari 5 for Mac OS X Tiger It included many features that were found in Safari 5 though it excluded the Safari Reader and Safari Extensions 53 Apple released Safari 5 1 for both Windows and Mac on July 20 2011 for Mac OS X 10 7 Lion it was faster than Safari 5 0 and included the new Reading List feature The company simultaneously announced Safari 5 0 6 in late June 2010 for Mac OS X 10 5 Leopard though the new functions were excluded from Leopard users Several HTML5 features were provided in Safari 5 It added supports for full screen video closed caption geolocation EventSource and a now obsolete early variant of the WebSocket protocol 54 The fifth major version of Safari added supports for Full text search and a new search engine Bing 54 Safari 5 supported Reader which displays web pages in a continuous view without advertisements 55 Safari 5 supported a smarter address field and DNS prefetching that automatically found links and looked up addresses on the web New web pages loaded faster using Domain Name System DNS prefetching The Windows version received an extra update on Graphic acceleration as well 54 The blue inline progress bar was returned to the address bar in addition to the spinning bezel and loading indicator introduced in Safari 4 Top Sites view now had a button to switch to Full History Search Other features included Extension Builder for developers of Safari Extensions Other changes included an improved inspector 56 Safari 5 supports Extensions add ons that customize the web browsing experience Extensions are built using web standards such as HTML5 CSS3 and JavaScript 57 Safari 6 Edit Safari 6 ceased support for Windows users and it was subsequently removed from Microsoft s browser choice menu pictured Safari 6 0 was previously referred to as Safari 5 2 until Apple changed the version number at WWDC 2012 The stable release of Safari 6 coincided with the release of OS X Mountain Lion on July 25 2012 and was integrated within OS 58 As a result it was no longer available for download from Apple s website or any other sources Apple released Safari 6 via Software Update for users of OS X Lion It was not released for OS X versions before Lion or for Windows 59 The company later quietly removed references and links for the Windows version of Safari 5 60 Microsoft had also removed Safari from its browser choice page 61 On June 11 2012 Apple released a developer preview of Safari 6 0 with a feature called iCloud Tabs which syncs with open tabs on any iOS or other OS X device that ran the latest software It updated new privacy features including an Ask websites not to track me preference and the ability for websites to send OS X 10 8 Mountain Lion users notifications though it removed RSS support 62 Safari 6 had the Share Sheets capability in OS X Mountain Lion The Share Sheet options were Add to Reading List Add Bookmark Email this Page Message Twitter and Facebook Tabs with full page previews were added too 63 The sixth major version of Safari it added options to allow pages to be shared with other users via email Messages Twitter and Facebook as well as making some minor performance improvements 64 It added supports for webkit calc in CSS Additionally various features were removed including Activity Window a separate Download Window direct support for RSS feeds in the URL field and bookmarks The separate search field and the address bar were also no longer available as a toolbar configuration option Instead it was replaced by the smart search field a combination of the address bar and the search field 64 Safari 7 Edit Craig Federighi announcing Safari 7 pictured in projection screen in WWDC 2013 Safari 7 was announced at WWDC 2013 65 and it brought a number of JavaScript performance improvements It made uses of Top Site and Sidebar Shared Links and Power Saver which paused unused plugins 66 Safari 7 for OS X Mavericks and Safari 6 1 for Lion and Mountain Lion were all released along with OS X Mavericks in the special event on October 22 2013 67 Safari 8 Edit Safari 8 was announced at WWDC 2014 and was released for OS X Yosemite It included the JavaScript API WebGL stronger privacy management improved iCloud integration and a redesigned interface 68 It was also faster and more efficient with additional developer features including JavaScript Promises CSS Shapes amp Composting mark up IndexedDB Encrypted Media Extensions and SPDY protocol 68 Safari 9 Edit Safari 9 was announced in WWDC 2015 and was shipped with OS X El Capitan New features included audio muting more options for Safari Reader and improved autofill It was not fully available for the previous OS X Yosemite 69 Safari 10 Edit Safari 10 pictured allowed extension to be saved directly to Pocket and Dic Go Safari 10 was shipped with macOS Sierra and released for OS X Yosemite and OS X El Capitan on September 20 2016 70 It had a redesigned Bookmark and History views and double clicking will centralized focus on a particular folder The update redirected Safari extensions to be saved directly to Pocket and Dic Go Software improvements included Autofill quality from the Contrast card and Web Inspector Timelines Tab in line sub headlines bylines and publish dates 71 72 73 This version tracks and re applies zoomed level to websites and legacy plug ins were disabled by default in favor of HTML5 versions of websites Recently closed tabs can be reopened via the History menu or by holding the button in the tab bar and using Shift Command T When a link opens in a new tab it is now possible to hit the back button or swipe to close it and go back to the original tab Debugging is now supported on the Web Inspector 70 Safari 10 also includes several security updates including fixes for six WebKit vulnerabilities and issues related to Reader and Tabs The first version of Safari 10 was released on September 20 2016 and the last version 10 1 2 was released on July 19 2017 74 Safari 11 Edit Safari 11 was released on September 19 2017 for OS X El Capitan and macOS Sierra It was shipped with macOS High Sierra 75 Safari 11 included several new features such as Intelligent Tracking Prevention 76 which aimed to prevent cross site tracking by placing limitations on cookies and other website data 77 Intelligent Tracking Prevention allowed first party cookies to continue track the browser history though with time limits 78 For example first party cookies from ad tech companies such as Google Alphabet Inc were set to expire in 24 hours after the visit 79 78 Safari 12 Edit Safari 12 pictured in dark mode Safari 12 was released for macOS Mojave on September 24 2018 It was also available to macOS Sierra and macOS High Sierra on September 17 2018 Safari 12 included several new features such as Icons in tabs Automatic Strong Passwords and Intelligent Tracking Prevention 2 0 80 Safari version 12 0 1 was released on October 30 2018 within macOS Mojave 10 14 1 81 and Safari 12 0 2 was released on December 5 2018 under macOS 10 14 2 82 Support for developer signed classic Safari Extensions has been dropped This version would also be the last that supported the official Extensions Gallery Apple also encouraged extension authors to switch to Safari App Extensions which triggered negative feedback from the community 83 Safari 13 Edit Safari 13 was announced at WWDC 2019 on June 3 2019 Safari 13 included several new features such as prompting users to change weak passwords FIDO2 USB security key authentication support Sign in with Apple support Apple Pay on the Web support and increased speed and security 84 Safari 13 was released on September 20 2019 on macOS Mojave and macOS High Sierra and later shipped with macOS Catalina 85 Safari 14 Edit In June 2020 it was announced that macOS Big Sur will include Safari 14 86 According to Apple Safari 14 is more than 50 faster than Google Chrome 87 Safari 14 introduced new privacy features including Privacy Report which shows blocked content and privacy information on web pages Users will also receive a monthly report on trackers that Safari has blocked Extensions can also be enabled or disabled on a site by site basis 88 Safari 14 introduced partial 89 support for the WebExtension API used in Google Chrome Microsoft Edge Firefox and Opera making it easier for developers to port their extensions from those web browsers to Safari 90 Support for Adobe Flash Player will also be dropped from Safari 3 months ahead of its end of life 91 A built in translation service allows translation of a page to another language Safari 14 was released as a standalone update to macOS Catalina and Mojave users on September 16 2020 92 It added Ecosia as a supported search engine 93 Safari 15 Edit Safari 15 was released for macOS Big Sur and macOS Catalina on September 20 2021 and later shipped with macOS Monterey 94 95 It featured a redesigned interface and tab groups that blended better into the background There were also a new home page and extension supports on the iOS and iPadOS editions 96 Safari 16 Edit Safari 16 was released for macOS Monterey and macOS Big Sur on September 12 2022 and later shipped with macOS Ventura 97 Safari 16 added support for non animated AVIF 98 and contains several bug fixes and feature polishing iOS versions Edit Version New featuresiOS specific features Bookmarking links to particular pages as Web Clip icons on the Home screen 99 MDI style browsing 100 Opening specially designed pages in full screen mode 101 Pressing on an image for 3 seconds to save it to the photo album 102 Support for HTML5 new input types 103 Only the domain name is shown in the address bar if not focused upon while not actuated 104 iOS 4 iOS 4 2 Find feature built into search box 105 Ability to print the current webpage using AirPrint 106 iOS 4 3 Integration of the Nitro JavaScript engine for faster page loads This feature was expanded to home screen web applications in iOS 5 0 107 iOS 5 True tabbed browsing similar to the desktop experience only for iPads 108 Reading List a bookmarking feature that allows tagging of certain sites for reading later which syncs across all Safari browsers mobile and desktop via Apple s iCloud service 108 Reader a reading feature that can format text and images from a web page into a more readable format similar to a PDF document while stripping out web advertising and superfluous information 108 Private browsing like in most desktop browsers is a feature that does not save the user s cookies and history or allow anything to be written into local storage or Web SQL Databases iOS 6 iCloud Tabs linking the desktop and iOS versions of Safari Offline Reading Lists allow users to read pages stored previously without remaining connected to the internet 109 Full screen landscape view for iPhone and iPod touch users hides most of the Safari controls except the back and forward buttons and the status bar when in landscape mode iOS 7 New icon 64 bit build on supported devices using the A7 processor iCloud Keychain iCloud can remember passwords account names and credit card numbers Safari can also autofill them as well Requires devices that run iOS 7 0 3 and later and OS X Mavericks or later Password Generator When creating a new account Safari can suggest the user a long more secure hard to guess password and Safari will also automatically remember the password Shared Links Do Not Track Parental controls Tab limit increased from 9 to 36 New Tab view iPhone and iPod touch only Unified smart search field Sync Bookmarks with Google Chrome and Firefox on Windows 110 iOS 8 A search function to search through all open tabs has been added in Tab view on iPad and select iPhones 111 Two finger pinch to reveal Tab view on iPads and select iPhones New Sidebar that slides out to reveal bookmarks Reading List and Shared Links on iPads and select iPhones in landscape view Address bar now hides when scrolling down on iPads Spotlight Search is now available from Safari s address bar Option to Scan Credit Card when filling out credit card info on a web form WebGL support APNG support Private browsing per tab RSS feeds in Shared Links DuckDuckGo support Option to Request the desktop site while entering a web address Option to add a website to Favorites while entering a web address Swipe to close iCloud tabs from other devices Hold the new tab button in tab view to list recently closed tabs is now available on iPhone Can delete individual items from History Safari now blocks ads from automatically redirecting to the App Store without user interaction Bookmark icon updated Improved iPad like interface available on select iPhones in landscape viewiOS 9 The option to add content blocking extensions is available to block specific web content 112 Apps can use Safari s view controller to display web content from within the app sharing cookies and other website data with Safari Improved reader view allowing the user to choose from different fonts and themes as well as hiding the controlsiOS 10 Apple Pay in Safari 113 View two pages at once using Split View in Safari on iPad 114 iOS 11 More rounded search bar 115 Redesigned video player Modified scrolling speed and momentumiOS 12 Support for stronger password suggestion 116 Support for auto fill from a third party provider Third party can suggest a strong password Auto fill of 2FA code sent by email Fullscreen SupportiOS 13 Desktop browsing mode can be enabled by default 117 Revamped Start Page Website preferences Privacy etc Page zoom up to 300 Read view can be enabled by default Toggle content blockers for all websites Permission access pop up asking for permission to use camera audio and location data Image resizing Save Open tabs as Bookmarks Open tabs from search Automatically close tabs after a set period of time Redesigned share sheet Apple ID sign in to third party sites Weak password warning Improved Encryption Next level Anti Fingerprinting Protections Download manager iconiOS 14 Faster Javascript engine support 118 Built in translation option Password Monitoring Password alerts Privacy and data tracking report Picture in Picture mode Website launch from search Sign in with Apple ID on many third party websites Tracking permissioniOS 15 New design 119 Tab groups Updated home landing page Extension supportsSafari Technology Preview Edit Safari Technology Preview was first released alongside OS X El Capitan 10 11 4 Safari Technology Preview releases include the latest version of WebKit which included Web technologies in the future stable releases of Safari so that developers and users can install the Technology Preview release on a Mac test those features and provide feedback 120 Safari Developer Program Edit The Safari Developer Program was a program dedicated to in browser extension and HTML developers It allowed members to write and distribute extensions for the browser through the Safari Extensions Gallery It was initially free until it was incorporated into the Apple Developer Program in WWDC 2015 which costs 99 a year The charges prompted frustrations from developers citation needed Within OS X El Capitan Apple implemented the Secure Extension Distribution to further improve its security and it automatically updated all extensions within the Safari Extensions Gallery 121 122 Features EditThis section needs expansion with Some material was moved from a Criticism section so these subsections should be expanded to avoid POV issues This is also missing a lot of major features You can help by adding to it December 2022 Safari s Web Inspector in macOS Big SurUntil Safari 6 0 it included a built in web feed aggregator that supported the RSS and Atom standards Current features included Private Browsing a mode in which the browser retains no record of information about the user s web activity 123 the ability to archive web content in WebArchive format the ability to email complete web pages directly from a browser menu the ability to search bookmarks and the ability to share tabs between all Mac and iOS devices running appropriate versions of software via an iCloud account 124 Web compatibility Edit Safari pioneered several now standard HTML5 features such as the Canvas API in its early years citation needed More recently it has been criticized for failing to keep pace with some modern web technologies 125 Intelligent Tracking Prevention Edit In September 2017 Apple announced that it will use artificial intelligence AI to reduce the ability of advertisers to track Safari users as they browse the web Cookies used for tracking will be allowed for 24 hours then disabled unless AI judges the user wants the cookie 126 Major advertising groups objected saying it will reduce the free services supported by advertising while other experts praised the change 127 Plugin support Edit Apple used a remotely updated plug in blacklist to prevent potentially dangerous or vulnerable plugins from running on Safari Initially Flash and Java contents were blocked on some early versions of Safari Since Safari 12 support for NPAPI plugins except for Flash has been completely dropped Safari 14 finally dropped support for Adobe Flash Player 91 WebExtension support Edit Beginning in 2018 Apple made technical changes to Safari s content blocking functionality which prompted backlash from users 128 and developers 129 of ad blocking extensions who said the changes made it impossible to offer a similar level of user protection found in other browsers Internally the update limited the number of blocking rules 130 which could be applied by third party extensions preventing the full implementation of community developed blocklists In response several developers of popular ad and tracking blockers announced their products were being discontinued 131 as they were now incompatible with Safari s newly limited content blocking features Beginning with Safari 13 popular extensions such as uBlock Origin no longer work with Safari 129 iCloud sync Edit Safari can sync bookmarks history reading list and tabs through iCloud This happens by default if a user s Mac iPhone or iPad is logged in to iCloud but syncing can be disabled in the Settings app on iOS and iPadOS or System Settings on Mac citation needed iCloud Tabs lets users see a list of their other devices open tabs that have not been added to a tab group On iOS and iPadOS these iCloud Tabs are shown below the grid of open tabs On the Mac they are shown at the bottom of the Tab Overview or in an optional iCloud Tabs toolbar item citation needed Tab Groups Edit Safari 15 added tab groups These tab groups and the tabs they contain are synced across devices 132 when a tab is opened in a tab group on one device it is added to that tab group on all devices without needing to manually open it through iCloud Tabs citation needed macOS Ventura added Shared Tab Groups which can be shared through iMessage New tabs and closed tabs will sync for all participants and a small thumbnail with users profile pictures will be visible on the tab they are currently viewing 133 Continuity Edit Safari supports the Handoff feature which allows users to continue where they left off on another device 134 135 Architecture EditOn macOS Safari is a Cocoa application It used Apple s WebKit for rendering web pages and running JavaScript WebKit consisted of WebCore based on Konqueror s KHTML engine and JavaScriptCore originally based on KDE s JavaScript engine named KJS Like KHTML and KJS WebCore and JavaScriptCore were free software and were released under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License Some Apple improvements to the KHTML code were merged back into the Konqueror project Apple had also released some additional codes under the open source 2 clause BSD like license 136 The version of Safari included in Mac OS X v10 6 and later versions is compiled for 64 bit architecture Apple claimed that running Safari in 64 bit mode would increase rendering speeds by up to 50 137 WebKit2 has a multiprocess API for WebKit where the web content is handled by a separate process than the application using WebKit Apple announced WebKit2 in April 2010 138 Safari for OS X switched to the new API with version 5 1 139 Safari for iOS switched to WebKit2 with iOS 8 140 141 Platforms EditThis section needs expansion with Mac and iOS iPadOS sections need to be expanded to highlight different features differences in Extension support and desktop class browsing on the iPad You can help by adding to it December 2022 Mac Edit iOS iPadOS Edit Since 2015 iOS has allowed third party web browsers to be installed including Chrome Firefox Opera and Edge however they are all forced to use the underlying WebKit browser engine and inherit its limitations 142 143 Windows Edit Safari for Windows was introduced at WWDC 2007 citation needed After Safari s release Apple Software Update an updater program bundled with QuickTime and iTunes for Windows automatically selected Safari for installation as a Recommended program When users ran the updater manually the option to install Safari was checked by default This was criticized by John Lilly then CEO of Mozilla who said it borders on malware distribution practices 144 By late 2008 Apple Software Update stopped installing new software by default though it still offered Safari in its list of available programs with its checkbox unticked Market share Edit Market share data of Safari In 2009 Safari had a market share of 3 85 145 It remained stable in that rank for five years with market shares of 5 56 2010 7 41 2011 10 07 2012 and 11 77 2013 146 147 148 In 2014 it caught up with Firefox with a market share of 14 20 149 150 In 2015 Safari became the second most used web browser worldwide after Google Chrome and had a market share of 13 01 151 From 2015 to 2020 it occupied market shares of 14 02 14 86 14 69 17 68 and 19 25 respectively 151 152 153 154 155 156 As of November 2021 update Google Chrome continued to be the most popular browser with Safari 19 22 following behind in second place 157 In May 2022 according to StatCounter Apple s Safari dropped to the third most popular desktop browser after being overtaken by Microsoft s Edge 158 Safari was then used by 9 61 percent of desktop computers worldwide 158 Criticism EditSecurity updates for Snow Leopard and Windows Edit Software security firm Sophos detailed how Snow Leopard and Windows users were not supported by the Safari 6 release at the time 159 while there were over 121 vulnerabilities left unpatched on those platforms 160 Since then Snow Leopard has had only three minor version releases the most recent in September 2013 161 and Windows has had none 162 While no official word has been released by Apple the indication is that these are the final versions available for these operating systems and both retain significant security issues 163 164 See also EditList of web browsers History of web browsers 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