Yaminawa constitutes an extensive dialect cluster. Attested dialects are two or more Brazilian Yaminawa dialects, Peruvian Yaminawa, Chaninawa, Chitonawa, Mastanawa, Parkenawa (= Yora or "Nawa"), Shanenawa (Xaninaua, = Katukina de Feijó), Sharanawa (= Marinawa), Shawannawa (= Arara), Yawanawá, Yaminawa-arara (obsolescent; very similar to Shawannawa/Arara), Nehanawa†).[3]
Very few Yaminawá speak Spanish or Portuguese, though the Shanenawa have mostly shifted to Portuguese.[4]
The vowels of Yaminawa are /a, i, ɯ, u/. /i, ɯ, u/ can also be heard as [ɪ, ɨ, o].[5] Sharanawa, Yaminawa, and Yora have nasalized counterparts for each of the vowels, and demonstrate contrastive nasalization.[6]
Yaminawa has contrastive tone, with two surface tones, high (H) and low (L).[5]
Grammaredit
Yaminawa is a polysynthetic, primarily suffixing language that also uses compounding, nasalization, and tone alternations in word-formation. Yaminawa exhibits split ergativity; nouns and third person pronouns pattern along ergative-absolutive lines, while first and second person pronouns pattern along nominative-accusative lines. Yaminawa verbal morphology is extensive, encoding affective (emotional) meanings and categories like associated motion. Yaminawa also has a set of switch reference enclitics that encode same or different subject relationships as well as aspectual relationships between the dependent (marked) clause and the main clause.[5]
yaminawa, language, this, article, contains, phonetic, transcriptions, international, phonetic, alphabet, introductory, guide, symbols, help, distinction, between, brackets, transcription, delimiters, yora, language, redirects, here, australian, languages, nam. This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA For the distinction between and see IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters Yora language redirects here For the Australian languages named Yor see Yuin Kuric languages Yaminawa Yaminahua is a Panoan language of western Amazonia It is spoken by the Yaminawa and some related peoples YaminawaYaminahuaNative toPeru Bolivia BrazilEthnicityYaminawa and related peoplesNative speakers2 729 2006 2011 1 Est 400 uncontacted speakers of Yora 2007 Language familyPanoan Mainline PanoanNawaHeadwatersYaminawaOfficial statusOfficial language in BoliviaLanguage codesISO 639 3Variously a href https iso639 3 sil org code yaa class extiw title iso639 3 yaa yaa a Yaminawa a href https iso639 3 sil org code ywn class extiw title iso639 3 ywn ywn a Yawanawa a href https iso639 3 sil org code mcd class extiw title iso639 3 mcd mcd a Sharanawa a href https iso639 3 sil org code swo class extiw title iso639 3 swo swo a Shaninawa a href https iso639 3 sil org code mts class extiw title iso639 3 mts mts a YoraGlottologyami1255ELPYaminawa Shanenawa 2 Yaminawa constitutes an extensive dialect cluster Attested dialects are two or more Brazilian Yaminawa dialects Peruvian Yaminawa Chaninawa Chitonawa Mastanawa Parkenawa Yora or Nawa Shanenawa Xaninaua Katukina de Feijo Sharanawa Marinawa Shawannawa Arara Yawanawa Yaminawa arara obsolescent very similar to Shawannawa Arara Nehanawa 3 Very few Yaminawa speak Spanish or Portuguese though the Shanenawa have mostly shifted to Portuguese 4 Contents 1 Phonology 2 Grammar 3 Notes 4 External linksPhonology editThe vowels of Yaminawa are a i ɯ u i ɯ u can also be heard as ɪ ɨ o 5 Sharanawa Yaminawa and Yora have nasalized counterparts for each of the vowels and demonstrate contrastive nasalization 6 Consonants Bilabial Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal Plosive p t k Affricate t s t ʃ Fricative ɸ s ʂ ʃ h Nasal m n Approximant l j w Flap ɾ l is heard as an allophone of ɾ j can also be heard as a nasal ɲ Yawanawa has a similar phonemic inventory to Yaminawa but uses a voiced bilabial fricative b in place of the voiceless bilabial fricative ɸ 7 Yawanawa and Sharanahua have an additional phoneme the voiced labio velar approximant w 7 8 Shanewana has a labiodental fricative f instead of ɸ 9 Yaminawa has contrastive tone with two surface tones high H and low L 5 Grammar editYaminawa is a polysynthetic primarily suffixing language that also uses compounding nasalization and tone alternations in word formation Yaminawa exhibits split ergativity nouns and third person pronouns pattern along ergative absolutive lines while first and second person pronouns pattern along nominative accusative lines Yaminawa verbal morphology is extensive encoding affective emotional meanings and categories like associated motion Yaminawa also has a set of switch reference enclitics that encode same or different subject relationships as well as aspectual relationships between the dependent marked clause and the main clause 5 Notes edit Yaminawa at Ethnologue 19th ed 2016 nbsp Yawanawa at Ethnologue 19th ed 2016 nbsp Sharanawa at Ethnologue 19th ed 2016 nbsp Shaninawa at Ethnologue 19th ed 2016 nbsp Yora at Ethnologue 19th ed 2016 nbsp Endangered Languages Project data for Shanenawa David Fleck 2013 Panoan Languages and Linguistics Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 99 Yaminahua Ethnologue retrieved 25 June 2011 a b c Faust Norma and Eugene Loos 2002 Gramatica de la lengua yaminahua Serie linguistica peruana no 51 Instituto Linguistico de Verano SAPhon South American Phonological Inventories linguistics berkeley edu Retrieved 2018 07 23 a b SAPhon South American Phonological Inventories Yawanawa linguistics berkeley edu Retrieved 2019 02 01 SAPhon South American Phonological Inventories Sharanahua linguistics berkeley edu Retrieved 2019 02 01 SAPhon South American Phonological Inventories Shanenawa linguistics berkeley edu Retrieved 2019 02 01 External links editYaminahua language dictionary online from IDS Sharanahua Language Collection of Pierre Deleage includes myths shamanistic songs and ceremonial songs at the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America AILLA Yaminahua Intercontinental Dictionary Series Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Yaminawa language amp oldid 1100926365, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
