Kano State
Kano State (Hausa: Jihar Kanoجىِهَر كَنوُ) (Fula: Leydi Kano 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤳𞤢𞤲𞤮𞥅 ) is one of the 36 states of Nigeria, located in the northern region of the country.[6] According to the national census done in 2006, Kano State is the most populous in Nigeria. The recent official estimates taken in 2016 by the National Bureau of Statistics found that Kano State was still the largest state by population in Nigeria.[7][8] Created in 1967 from the former Northern Region, Kano State borders Katsina State to the northwest, Jigawa State to the northeast, Bauchi State to the southeast, and Kaduna State to the southwest.[6] The state's capital and largest city is the city of Kano, the second most populous city in Nigeria after Lagos.[6] The incumbent governor of the state is Abdullahi Umar Ganduje. He was sworn in on May 29, 2015.[9]
Kano State Jihar Kano جىِهَر كَنوُ (Hausa) | |
|---|---|
Flag Seal | |
| Nicknames: Centre of Commerce, Tumbin Giwa | |
Location of Kano State in Nigeria | |
| Coordinates: 11°30′N 8°30′E / 11.500°N 8.500°ECoordinates: 11°30′N 8°30′E / 11.500°N 8.500°E | |
| Country | Nigeria |
| Date created | 27 May 1967 |
| Capital | Kano |
| Government | |
| • Body | Government of Kano State |
| • Governor[1] | Abdullahi Umar Ganduje (APC) |
| • Deputy Governor | Nasir Yusuf Gawuna (APC) |
| • Legislature | Kano State House of Assembly |
| • Senators | C: Ibrahim Shekarau (NNPP) N: Jibrin Barau (APC) S: Kabiru Ibrahim Gaya (APC) |
| • Representatives | List |
| Area | |
| • Total | 20,131 km2 (7,773 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 20th of 36 |
| Population (2016 census)[3] | |
| • Total | 15,076,892 |
| • Estimate (2020) | 20,000,000[2] |
| • Rank | 2th of 36 |
| • Density | 750/km2 (1,900/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP) | |
| • Year | 2007 |
| • Total | $12.39 billion[4] |
| • Per capita | $1,288[4] |
| Time zone | UTC+01 (WAT) |
| postal code | 700001 |
| ISO 3166 code | NG-KN |
| HDI (2018) | 0.483[5] low · 27th of 37 |
| Website | www |
| ^1 Preliminary results | |
Modern day Kano State was the site of numerous kingdoms and empires, including the Kingdom of Kano, which was centered in Dalla Hill and existed from prior to 1000 AD to 1349.[10] In 1349, the Sultanate of Kano would be established with Yaji I as its first Sultan.[11] In the 15th century, Kurmi Market was opened, which helped Kano become a center of commercial activity in Hausaland;[12] the market remains open in the 21st century and its historic importance is reflected in the state's nickname, the Centre of Commerce.[13] During the 16th and 17th centuries, the Sultanate of Kano would establish itself as the most powerful of the Hausa Kingdoms.[14] In 1903, the British Empire conquer the Kano Emirate, incorporating the region into the Northern Nigeria Protectorate.[15] The major ethnic groups in pre-colonial Kano City were the Hausa, Fulani, Beriberi (Kanuri), Tuareg, Arab, Nupe, and some tribes from the southern Nigeria. Most people in Kano city have come to use the Hausa language as a first language and some have accepted Hausa as an ethnic identification.[16]
Since independence, Kano State has developed a diverse economy, establishing itself as a center for industry,[17] agriculture,[18] and Islamic banking.[19] The Hausa and Fulani make up a majority of Kano State's population.[20] The Hausa language is the dominant language in the state, as it is in most of Northern Nigeria.[21][22] Challenges faced by Kano State in the 21st century include attacks by Islamist terrorist group Boko Haram,[23][24][25] inter-religious violence,[26][27] and extreme poverty.[28] A Muslim-majority state, Kano State is one of the twelve states in Nigeria to operate under Sharia law within the legal framework of the Nigerian Constitution.[29]
History
An important early center of commerce in the region was Kurmi Market, founded by the Emir of Kano Muhammadu Rumfa in 1463 CE.[18] Subsequent leaders made contributions to the emergence of Kano as a leading commercial centre in Sudanic Africa.[citation needed] During the time of the Kano Emirate, Emir Ibrahim Dabo made a number of administrative reforms, seeking to increase commerce in the region.[30]
Leaders during this time encouraged traders to move from Katsina, capitalising on raids from the Hausa Sultanate of Maradi.[citation needed] The Jihad leaders of the Caliphate encouraged Kola nut trade, and Kano was the greatest beneficiary with an annual turnover of about $30 million.[citation needed] Craft industries also evolved in the pre-colonial period contributing to the prosperity of the province.[citation needed]
After a British occupation of the region, culminating in the Battle of Kano in February 1903, the region became a part of the Northern Nigeria Protectorate.[31] Kano later became a part of the Northern Region of Nigeria.[6] Kano state was created on May 27, 1967.[6] In 1991, part of Kano State was separated to form Jigawa State.
Climate change
The climate of Kano state is characterised by variability in rainfall between the 70s and 80s, with drought and near drought conditions. Between the 90s and the year 2015, the moisture conditions have improved considerably but for the fluctuation of the rainfall in the state.[32] However, since 2015 till date, there has been an increase in rainfall in the state, which has helped increase agricultural production in this northern Nigerian state considerably.[33] Based on the report of the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET), the amount of rainfall varies between years with a mean value of 897.7mm.[34]
In the first quarter of 2022, the Nigerian Meteorological Agency sounded an early warning of floods in some states, including Kano state. The agency asserted that their warning was based on the amount and distribution of rainfall that had been observed in the nation during the rainy season. According to the Kano State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA), 25 local government districts experienced flooding as a result of the extreme rain's aftermath.[35]
Temperature
The temperature of Kano has been on the rise since the 60s and this is highly remarkable[36] The annual temperature of the state is between 260C to 300C of dumal temperature, which is high, and measurable between the range of 13.1%, with the relative humidity of between 17% and 90% respectively.[37][38]
Economy
Many large markets exist within Kano today, such as Kurmi Market, Kantin Kwari Market[39], Sabon Gari Market, Kofar Wanbai Market, Galadima Market, Kurumi Market, Yankura Market and Dawanau Market.[18] Many of these markets specialize in a certain product, such as textiles or grain.[18]
Agriculture
Subsistence and commercial agriculture is mostly practised in the outlying districts of the state. Some of the food crops cultivated are millet, cowpeas, sorghum, maize and rice for local consumption while groundnuts and cotton are produced for export and industrial purposes. During the colonial period and several years after the country's independence, the groundnuts produced in the state constituted one of the major sources revenue of the country. Kano State is a major producer of hides and skins, sesame, soybean, cotton, garlic, gum arabic and chili pepper.[citation needed]
A 2018 study of Tudun Wada found that both temperature and rainfall were likely to increase with climate change, causing increased stress on crops, and would require increased climate change adaptation for agricultural practices.[40]
Industry
Kano State is the second-largest industrial Centre after Lagos State in Nigeria and the largest in Northern Nigeria with textile, tanning, footwear, cosmetics, plastics, enamelware, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, furniture and other industries.[17] Others include agricultural implements, soft drinks, food and beverages, dairy products, vegetable oil, animal feeds etc.[41] Kano is also the center of a growing Islamic banking industry in Nigeria.[19][42][43][44][45][46]
Tourism
The tourist attractions in the state include:
- Kurmi Market established in the 15th century[47]
- Kano's centuries-old city wall
- Gidan Rumfa (Emir's Palace, the oldest continuous site of authority in Nigeria)[48]
- Kano Zoo[49]
- Dala[50] and Gwauron Dutse[51]
- Gidan Makama (Kano Museum)[52]
Natural resources in Kano State
Kano State has different natural resources[53]in abundant, these include
Mineral raw materials
- Cassiterite
- Copper
- Gemstone
- Glass-sand
- Lead/Zinc
- Pyrochinre & Tantalite
Agro raw materials
Education
High school
This article contains embedded lists that may be poorly defined, unverified or indiscriminate. (March 2021) |
- Day Science College, Kano[56]
- Federal Government College, Kano.[57]
- Federal Government Girls'College, Minjibir.[58]
- Government Arabic Secondary School Kantsi
- Government Arabic Secondary School, Rogo
- Government Day Secondary School, Rogo Ruma
- Government Girls Arabic Secondary School, Rogo
- Government Girls Secondary School, Dala
- Government Girls Secondary School, Madobi
- Government Girls Secondary School, Rogo
- Government Girls Secondary School, Shekara
- Government Secondary School, Dala
- Government Secondary School, Gwale
- Government Secondary School, Gwammaja
- Government Secondary School, Kofar Nassarawa
- Government Secondary School, Kwalli
- Government Secondary School, Kwankwaso
- Government Secondary School, Madobi
- Government Secondary School, Rogo
- Government Secondary School, Sabuwar Kofa
- Government Secondary School, Sharada
- Government Secondary School, Warure
- Government Technical College Bagauda[56]
- Government Technical College Danbatta[56]
- Government Technical College Rogo[56]
- Government Technical College Kano[56]
- Government Technical College Ungogo[56]
- Government Technical College Wudil[56]
- Governors College Kano
- Hassana Sufi Government Girls Secondary School
- Maryam Aloma Government Girls Secondary School
- Mero Tijjani Science Secondary School, Kano[56]
- Rogo Community Tahfizul Qur'an College
- Science Secondary School, Dawakin Kudu[56]
Universities
Kano State is home to five universities: one federal university, one regimented federal university, two states universities, and one private university.
- Bayero University Kano (BUK), founded in 1977.[59]
- Kano State University of Technology (KUST), founded in 2001.[60]
- Skyline University Nigeria (SUN), founded in 2018.[61]
- Yusuf Maitama Sule University, Kano (YUSMUK), founded in 2012.[60]
- Nigeria Police Academy Wudil, founded as the 37th federal university in 2011.[62]
Polytechnics and Colleges
The following is a list of the approved Polytechnics and Colleges in the state of Kano:
- Aminu Kano College of Islamic Legal Studies, Kano
- Audu Bako School of Agriculture, Dambatta
- Federal College of Education, Kano
- Kano State Polytechnic
This section contains embedded lists that may be poorly defined, unverified or indiscriminate. (March 2021) |
- Aminu Dabo School of Health Sciences & Technology
- College of Arts, Sciences and Remedial Studies, Kano (CAS),
- Emirate College of Science and Health Technology, Kano
- Federal College of Agricultural Produce Technology, Kano
- Federal College of Education, Technical Bichi
- Rabi'u Musa Kwankwaso College of Advance and Remedial Studies, Tudun Wada (RMK CARS)
- Sa'adatu Rimi College of Education, Kumbotso
- School of Health Technology, Kano
- School of Hygiene, Kano
- School of Midwifery, Dambatta
- School of Midwifery, Gwarzo
- School of Nursing, Kano
- School of Nursing, Madobi
- School of Post Basic Midwifery, Gezawa
Research centres
The following is a list of research centres and institutes in the state of Kano:
This article contains embedded lists that may be poorly defined, unverified or indiscriminate. (March 2021) |
- Aminu Kano Centre for Democratic Research & Training
- Centre For Research and Documentation, Kano
- Digital Bridge Institute, Kano
- Hydraulic Equipment Development Institute, Kano
- Institute for Agricultural Research, Kano
- International Crops Research Institute for Semi Arid Tropics, Kano
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kano[63]
Local government areas
Kano State consists of forty-four (44) Local Government Areas (LGAs).[64] They are:
| LGA Name | Area (km2) | Census 2006 population | Administrative capital | Postal Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fagge | 21 | 200,095 | Waje | 700 |
| Dala | 19 | 418,759 | Gwanmaja | 700 |
| Gwale | 18 | 357,827 | Gwale | 700 |
| Kano Municipal | 17 | 371,243 | Kofar Kudu | 700 |
| Tarauni | 28 | 221,844 | Unguwa Uku | 700 |
| Nassarawa | 34 | 596,411 | Bompai | 700 |
| Kumbotso | 158 | 294,391 | Kumbotso | 700 |
| Ungogo | 204 | 365,737 | Ungogo | 700 |
| Kano Metropolitan Area | 499 | 2,828,861 | 700 | |
| Dawakin Tofa | 479 | 246,197 | Dawakin Tofa | 701 |
| Tofa | 202 | 98,603 | Tofa | 701 |
| Rimin Gado | 225 | 103,371 | Rimin Gado | 701 |
| Bagwai | 405 | 161,533 | Bagwai | 701 |
| Gezawa | 340 | 282,328 | Gezawa | 702 |
| Gabasawa | 605 | 211,204 | Zakirai | 702 |
| Minjibir | 416 | 219,611 | Minjibir | 702 |
| Dambatta | 732 | 210,474 | Dambatta | 702 |
| Makoda | 441 | 220,094 | Makoda | 702 |
| Kunchi | 671 | 110,170 | Kunchi | 703 |
| Bichi | 612 | 278,309 | Bichi | 703 |
| Tsanyawa | 492 | 157,730 | Tsanyawa | 703 |
| Shanono | 697 | 139,128 | Shanono | 704 |
| Gwarzo | 393 | 183,624 | Gwarzo | 704 |
| Karaye | 479 | 144,045 | Karaye | 704 |
| Rogo | 802 | 227,607 | Rogo | 704 |
| Kabo | 341 | 153,158 | Kabo | 704 |
| Northern Kano State | 8,332 | 3,143,899 | 701 to 704 | |
| Bunkure | 487 | 174,467 | Bunkure | 710 |
| Kibiya | 404 | 138,618 | Kibiya | 710 |
| Rano | 520 | 148,276 | Rano | 710 |
| Tudun Wada | 1,204 | 228,658 | Tudun Wada | 710 |
| Doguwa | 1,473 | 150,645 | Riruwai | 710 |
| Madobi | 273 | 137,685 | Madobi | 711 |
| Kura | 206 | 143,094 | Kura | 711 |
| Garun Mallam | 214 | 118,622 | Garun Mallam | 711 |
| Bebeji | 717 | 191,916 | Bebeji | 711 |
| Kiru | 927 | 267,168 | Kiru | 711 |
| Sumaila | 1,250 | 250,379 | Sumaila | 712 |
| Garko | 450 | 161,966 | Garko | 712 |
| Takai | 598 | 202,639 | Takai | 712 |
| Albasu | 398 | 187,639 | Albasu | 712 |
| Gaya | 613 | 207,419 | Gaya | 713 |
| Ajingi | 714 | 172,610 | Ajingi | 713 |
| Wudil | 362 | 188,639 | Wudil | 713 |
| Warawa | 360 | 131,858 | Warawa | 713 |
| Dawakin Kudu | 384 | 225,497 | Dawakin Kudu | 713 |
| Southern Kano State | 11,554 | 3,410,922 | 710 to 713 |
Demographics
Population
According to the 2006 PON census figures from Nigeria Kano State had a population totaling 9,401,288. Officially, Kano State is the second most populous state in the country behind Lagos State.[65] The state is mostly populated by the Hausa and Fulani people.[20]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 5,810,470 | — |
| 2006 | 9,401,288 | +61.8% |
| 2016 | 13,076,900 | +39.1% |
| source:[66] | ||
Languages
The official language of Kano State are Hausa and Fulfulde.[67][verification needed][68]
The Kainji languages Moro, Kurama and Map are also spoken in Doguwa LGA.
Notable people
- Sani Abacha (1943-1998), 10th Head of State of Nigeria
- Ja'afar Mahmud Adam (1960-2007), popular Islamic scholar
- Aminu Ala (born 1973), Hausa musician, author.
- Mubarak Bala (born 1984), blasphemer, atheist, president of the Humanist Association of Nigeria
- Aliko Dangote (born 1957), Nigerian business magnate and philanthropist[69]
- Aminu Dantata (born 1931), Nigerian business magnate and philanthropist
- Rabiu Kwankwaso (born 1956), former minister of defence of Nigeria,
- Murtala Muhammed from 1975 to 1976, 4th Military head of state of Nigeria
- Abdul Samad Rabiu (was born 4 August 1960), Nigerian business magnate and philanthropist
- Ibrahim Shekarau (born 1955), former Governor (2003-2011).
- Sanusi Lamido Sanusi (born 1961), former CBN Governor,[70]
- Sani Umar Rijiyar Lemo[71], Islamic preacher
- Bashir Aliyu Umar[72], Islamic preacher
- Abdulwahab Abdallah[73], Islamic preacher
See also
References
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{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Maishanu, Abubakar Ahmadu (November 8, 2022). "SPECIAL REPORT: Traders count losses as floods submerge West Africa's largest textile market in Kano". Premium Times Nigeria. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
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Further reading
- . 2010. Archived from the original on September 21, 2014. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
External links
- Media related to Kano State at Wikimedia Commons