Sheng Jiao Xu by Chu Suiliang,[b] an example of regular script
The Calligraphy Manual of the Xuanhe Era (宣和書譜; Xuānhé Shūpǔ) credits Wang Cizhong [zh] with creating the regular script, based on the clerical script of the early Han dynasty. It became popular during the Eastern Han and Three Kingdoms periods,[2] with Zhong Yao (c. 151 – 230 CE),[3] a Cao Wei calligrapher, being credited as its first master, known as the "father of the regular script". His famous works include the 宣示表; Xuānshì Biǎo, 薦季直表; Jiànjìzhí Biǎo, and 力命表; Lìmìng Biǎo. Qiu Xigui[2] describes the script in Xuanshi Biao as:
...clearly emerging from the womb of early period semi-cursive script. If one were to write the tidily written variety of early period semi-cursive script in a more dignified fashion and were to use consistently the pause technique [(頓; dùn)], used to reinforce the beginning or ending of a stroke) when ending horizontal strokes, a practice which already appears in early period semi-cursive script, and further were to make use of right-falling strokes with thick feet, the result would be a style of calligraphy like that in the "Xuān shì biǎo".
However, very few wrote in this script at the time other than a few literati; most continued writing in the neo-clerical script, or a hybrid form of semi-cursive and neo-clerical.[2] The regular script did not become dominant until the early Northern and Southern dynasties in the 5th century; there was a variety of the regular script which emerged from neo-clerical as well as regular scripts[4] known as 魏楷; Wèikǎi; 'Wei regular' or 魏碑; Wèibēi; 'Wei stele'. Thus, the regular script is descended both from the early semi-cursive style as well as from the neo-clerical script.
The script is considered to have become stylistically mature during the Tang dynasty, with the most famous and oft-imitated calligraphers of that period being the 'Four Great Calligraphers of the Early Tang' (初唐四大家): Ouyang Xun, Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang, and Xue Ji, as well as the 'Yan–Liu' tandem of Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan.
During the Northern Song dynasty, Emperor Huizong created an iconic style known as 瘦金體; 'Slender Gold'.[5] During the Yuan, Zhao Mengfu also became known for his own calligraphic style for the regular script, called 趙體; Zhàotǐ.
Ninety-two rules governing the fundamental structure of regular script were established during the Qing dynasty; the calligrapher Huang Ziyuan [zh] wrote a guidebook illustrating these rules, with four characters provided as an example for each.
Characteristicsedit
The Eight Principles of Yong are said to include varieties of most strokes used in the regular script. Regular script characters with dimensions larger than 5 cm (2 in) are usually classified as 'large' (大楷; dàkǎi); those smaller than 2 cm (0.8 in) are usually classified as 'small' (小楷; xiǎokǎi), and those in between are 'medium' (中楷; zhōngkǎi).
Notable writings in the regular script include the Northern and Southern-era Records of Yao Boduo Sculpturing (姚伯多造像記) and Tablet of General Guangwu (廣武將軍碑), the Sui-era Tablet of Longzang Temple (龍藏寺碑), Tombstone Record of Sui Xiaoci (蘇孝慈墓誌), and Tombstone Record of Beauty Tong (董美人墓誌), and the Tang-era Sweet Spring at Jiucheng Palace (九成宮醴泉銘).
Derivative stylesedit
Imitation Song typefaces (仿宋體; fǎng Sòngtǐ) are typefaces based on a printed style which developed during the Song dynasty, from which Ming typefaces also developed.
The most common printed typeface styles, Ming and sans-serif, are based on the structure of regular script.
Japanese textbook typefaces (Japanese: 教科書体, romanized: kyōkashotai) are based on regular script, but modified so that they appear to be written with a pencil or pen. They also follow the jōyō kanji character forms.
Zhuyin, although not logographic, are virtually always written with regular script strokes.
Xuanshi Biao by Zhong Yao, written during the early transition from clerical script to regular script
Notesedit
^Regular script is referred to by several related names in Chinese, including 楷書; kǎishū, 正楷; zhèngkǎi, 真書; zhēnshū, 楷體; kǎitǐ, and 正書; zhèngshū. In addition to its many Chinese names, regular script is also sometimes called 'block script',[6] 'standard script',[7] or even 'square style'[8] in English.
^"Meaning of しんしょ in Japanese | RomajiDesu Japanese dictionary".
Sourcesedit
Qiu Xigui (2000). Chinese Writing. Translation of 文字學概論 by Mattos and Norman. Early China Special Monograph Series No. 4. Berkeley: The Society for the Study of Early China and the Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley. ISBN1-55729-071-7.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Regular script.
More on Standard Script In English, at BeyondCalligraphy.com
February 05, 2024
regular, script, kaiti, redirects, here, suburb, gisborne, zealand, kaiti, zealand, kaishu, redirects, here, city, north, korea, kaishu, north, korea, kaisho, redirects, here, sumo, wrestler, kaishō, asaki, regular, script, traditional, chinese, 楷書, simplified. Kaiti redirects here For the suburb of Gisborne New Zealand see Kaiti New Zealand Kaishu redirects here For the city in North Korea see Kaishu North Korea Kaisho redirects here For the sumo wrestler see Kaishō Asaki The regular script a traditional Chinese 楷書 simplified Chinese 楷书 pinyin kǎishu Japanese pronunciation kaisho is the newest of the Chinese script styles popular starting from the Three Kingdoms period c 200 CE and stylistically mature by the 7th century It is the most common style used in modern text In its traditional form it is the third most common in publishing after the Ming and gothic types used exclusively in print 1 Regular scriptScript typeLogographicTime periodc 2nd century presentLanguagesClassical Chinese vernacular Chinese varietiesRelated scriptsParent systemsOracle bone scriptSmall seal scriptClerical scriptRegular scriptChild systemsTraditional characters Simplified characters Kanji Kana Man yōgana Hanja Chữ Han Chữ Nom Khitan large script Khitan small script Jurchen script Tangut script Nushu BopomofoUnicodeUnicode rangeU 4E00 U 9FFFCJK Unified Ideographs most common full list Regular scriptThe Chinese word for regular script written in traditional left and simplified right formsChinese nameTraditional Chinese楷書Simplified Chinese楷书Literal meaningmodel scriptTranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinkǎishuWade Gilesk ai3 shu1Yue CantoneseYale Romanizationkaai syuJyutpingkaai syu Canton Romanizationkai xu Alternative Chinese nameTraditional Chinese真書Simplified Chinese真书Literal meaningreal scriptTranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinzhenshuWade Gileschen1 shu1Yue CantoneseYale Romanizationjan syuJyutpingzan syu Canton Romanizationzen xu Second alternative Chinese nameChinese正楷Literal meaningcorrect modelTranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinzhengkǎiWade Gilescheng4 k ai3Yue CantoneseYale Romanizationjing kaaiJyutpingzing kaai Canton Romanizationjing kai Third alternative Chinese nameTraditional Chinese楷體Simplified Chinese楷体Literal meaningmodel formTranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinkǎitǐWade Gilesk ai3 t i3Yue CantoneseYale Romanizationkaai taiJyutpingkaai tai Canton Romanizationkai tei Fourth alternative Chinese nameTraditional Chinese正書Simplified Chinese正书Literal meaningcorrect scriptTranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinzhengshuWade Gilescheng4 shu1Yue CantoneseYale Romanizationjing syuJyutpingzing syu Canton Romanizationjing xu Vietnamese nameVietnamese alphabetkhải thư chữ khảiHan Nom楷書𡨸楷Japanese nameKanji楷書HiraganaかいしょTranscriptionsRomanizationKaisho Contents 1 History 2 Characteristics 3 Derivative styles 4 Computer typefaces 5 Gallery 6 Notes 7 References 7 1 Citations 7 2 Sources 8 External linksHistory edit nbsp Sheng Jiao Xu by Chu Suiliang b an example of regular scriptThe Calligraphy Manual of the Xuanhe Era 宣和書譜 Xuanhe Shupǔ credits Wang Cizhong zh with creating the regular script based on the clerical script of the early Han dynasty It became popular during the Eastern Han and Three Kingdoms periods 2 with Zhong Yao c 151 230 CE 3 a Cao Wei calligrapher being credited as its first master known as the father of the regular script His famous works include the 宣示表 Xuanshi Biǎo 薦季直表 Jianjizhi Biǎo and 力命表 Liming Biǎo Qiu Xigui 2 describes the script in Xuanshi Biao as clearly emerging from the womb of early period semi cursive script If one were to write the tidily written variety of early period semi cursive script in a more dignified fashion and were to use consistently the pause technique 頓 dun used to reinforce the beginning or ending of a stroke when ending horizontal strokes a practice which already appears in early period semi cursive script and further were to make use of right falling strokes with thick feet the result would be a style of calligraphy like that in the Xuan shi biǎo However very few wrote in this script at the time other than a few literati most continued writing in the neo clerical script or a hybrid form of semi cursive and neo clerical 2 The regular script did not become dominant until the early Northern and Southern dynasties in the 5th century there was a variety of the regular script which emerged from neo clerical as well as regular scripts 4 known as 魏楷 Weikǎi Wei regular or 魏碑 Weibei Wei stele Thus the regular script is descended both from the early semi cursive style as well as from the neo clerical script The script is considered to have become stylistically mature during the Tang dynasty with the most famous and oft imitated calligraphers of that period being the Four Great Calligraphers of the Early Tang 初唐四大家 Ouyang Xun Yu Shinan Chu Suiliang and Xue Ji as well as the Yan Liu tandem of Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan During the Northern Song dynasty Emperor Huizong created an iconic style known as 瘦金體 Slender Gold 5 During the Yuan Zhao Mengfu also became known for his own calligraphic style for the regular script called 趙體 Zhaotǐ Ninety two rules governing the fundamental structure of regular script were established during the Qing dynasty the calligrapher Huang Ziyuan zh wrote a guidebook illustrating these rules with four characters provided as an example for each Characteristics editThe Eight Principles of Yong are said to include varieties of most strokes used in the regular script Regular script characters with dimensions larger than 5 cm 2 in are usually classified as large 大楷 dakǎi those smaller than 2 cm 0 8 in are usually classified as small 小楷 xiǎokǎi and those in between are medium 中楷 zhōngkǎi Notable writings in the regular script include the Northern and Southern era Records of Yao Boduo Sculpturing 姚伯多造像記 and Tablet of General Guangwu 廣武將軍碑 the Sui era Tablet of Longzang Temple 龍藏寺碑 Tombstone Record of Sui Xiaoci 蘇孝慈墓誌 and Tombstone Record of Beauty Tong 董美人墓誌 and the Tang era Sweet Spring at Jiucheng Palace 九成宮醴泉銘 Derivative styles editImitation Song typefaces 仿宋體 fǎng Songtǐ are typefaces based on a printed style which developed during the Song dynasty from which Ming typefaces also developed The most common printed typeface styles Ming and sans serif are based on the structure of regular script Japanese textbook typefaces Japanese 教科書体 romanized kyōkashotai are based on regular script but modified so that they appear to be written with a pencil or pen They also follow the jōyō kanji character forms Zhuyin although not logographic are virtually always written with regular script strokes Computer typefaces editFurther information List of CJK fonts Regular scriptGallery editExamples of regular script nbsp Xuanshi Biao by Zhong Yao written during the early transition from clerical script to regular scriptNotes edit Regular script is referred to by several related names in Chinese including 楷書 kǎishu 正楷 zhengkǎi 真書 zhenshu 楷體 kǎitǐ and 正書 zhengshu In addition to its many Chinese names regular script is also sometimes called block script 6 standard script 7 or even square style 8 in English Transcription 其數然而天地苞 乎陰陽而易識者 以其有象也陰陽 處乎天地而難窮References editCitations edit Chinese Writing Asia Society Retrieved 2023 10 01 a b c Qiu 2000 p 143 Qiu 2000 p 142 Qiu 2000 p 146 Huizong Chinese Art Calligraphy amp Poetry Britannica www britannica com Retrieved 2023 09 30 Gao James Z 2009 Historical Dictionary of Modern China 1800 1949 Scarecrow Press p 41 5 script styles in Chinese Calligraphy Meaning of しんしょ in Japanese RomajiDesu Japanese dictionary Sources edit Qiu Xigui 2000 Chinese Writing Translation of 文字學概論 by Mattos and Norman Early China Special Monograph Series No 4 Berkeley The Society for the Study of Early China and the Institute of East Asian Studies University of California Berkeley ISBN 1 55729 071 7 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Regular script More on Standard Script In English at BeyondCalligraphy com Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Regular script amp oldid 1195258688, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
