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Railcar

March 27, 2023

This article is about a self-propelled railway vehicle designed to transport passengers. For unpowered freight cars or passenger cars, see railroad car.
"Railcars" redirects here. For the band from San Francisco, see Railcars (band).

A railcar (not to be confused with a railway car) is a self-propelled railway vehicle designed to transport passengers. The term "railcar" is usually used in reference to a train consisting of a single coach (carriage, car), with a driver's cab at one or both ends. Some railway companies, such as the Great Western, termed such vehicles "railmotors" (or "rail motors").

The Bombardier Talent articulated regional railcar
The Regio-Shuttle RS1 low-floor vehicle is a modern version of a single unit railcar. Several of these can run together; articulated versions are also available.
The RegioSpider modern railcar.
A two-car Hunter railcar in New South Wales, Australia
A 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) Russian gauge Latvian RVR-made railbus AR2-002 in Vilnius, Lithuania, still Soviet design

Self-propelled passenger vehicles also capable of hauling a train are, in technical rail usage, more usually called "rail motor coaches" or "motor cars" (not to be confused with the motor cars, otherwise known as automobiles, that operate on roads).[1]

The term is sometimes also used as an alternative name for the small types of multiple unit which consist of more than one coach. That is the general usage nowadays in Ireland when referring to any diesel multiple unit (DMU), or in some cases electric multiple unit (EMU).

In North America the term "railcar" has a much broader sense and can be used (as an abbreviated form of "railroad car") to refer to any item of hauled rolling-stock, whether passenger coaches or goods wagons (freight cars).[2][3][4] Self-powered railcars were once common in North America; see Doodlebug (rail car).

In its simplest form, a "railcar" may also be little more than a motorized railway handcar or draisine.

Uses

Railcars are economic to run for light passenger loads because of their small size, and in many countries are often used to run passenger services on minor railway lines, such as rural railway lines where passenger traffic is sparse, and where the use of a longer train would not be cost effective. A famous example of this in the United States was the Galloping Goose railcars of the Rio Grande Southern Railroad, whose introduction allowed the discontinuance of steam passenger service on the line and prolonged its life considerably.

Railcars have also been employed on premier services. In New Zealand, although railcars were primarily used on regional services, the Blue Streak and Silver Fern railcars were used on the North Island Main Trunk between Wellington and Auckland and offered a higher standard of service than previous carriage trains.

In Australia, the Savannahlander operates a tourist service from the coastal town of Cairns to Forsayth, and Traveltrain operates the Gulflander between Normanton and Croydon in the Gulf Country of northern Queensland.

Propulsion systems

Steam

 
LNER Sentinel-Cammell steam railcar
Main article: Steam railcar

William Bridges Adams built steam railcars at Bow, London in the 1840s. Many British railway companies tried steam rail motors but they were not very successful and were often replaced by push-pull trains. Sentinel Waggon Works was one British builder of steam railcars.

In Belgium, M. A. Cabany of Mechelen designed steam railcars. His first was built in 1877 and exhibited at a Paris exhibition. This may have been the Exposition Universelle (1878). The steam boiler was supplied by the Boussu Works and there was accommodation for First, Second and Third-class passengers and their luggage. There was also a locker for dogs underneath. Fifteen were built and they worked mainly in the Hainaut and Antwerp districts.

The Austro-Hungarian Ganz Works built steam trams prior to the First World War. The Santa Fe Railway built a steam powered rail car using a body by American Car and Foundry, a Jacobs-Schupert boiler and a Ganz power truck in 1911. Numbered M-104, the experiment was a failure, and was not repeated.[5]

Petrol

In 1904 the Automotor Journal reported that one railway after another had been realising that motor coaches could be used to handle light traffic on their less important lines.[6] The North-Eastern railways had been experimenting “for some time” in this direction, and Wolseley provided them with a flat-four engine capable of up to 100 bhp (75 kW) for this purpose. The engine drove a main dynamo to power two electric drive motors, and a smaller dynamo to charge accumulators to power the interior lighting and allow electric starting of the engine. The controls for the dynamo allowed the coach to be driven from either end. For further details see 1903 Petrol Electric Autocar.

Another early railcar in the UK was designed by James Sidney Drewry and made by the Drewry Car Co. in 1906. In 1908 the manufacture was contracted out to the Birmingham Small Arms Company.

By the 1930s, railcars were often adapted from truck or automobiles; examples of this include the Buick- and Pierce-Arrow-based Galloping Geese of the Rio Grande Southern Railroad, and the Mack Truck-based "Super Skunk" of the California Western Railroad.

Diesel

While early railcars were propelled by steam and petrol engines, modern railcars are usually propelled by a diesel engine mounted underneath the floor of the coach. Diesel railcars may have mechanical (fluid coupling and gearbox), hydraulic (torque converter) or electric (generator and traction motors) transmission.

Electric

Electric railcars and mainline electric systems are rare, since electrification normally implies heavy usage where single cars or short trains would not be economic. Exceptions to this rule are or were found for example in Sweden or Switzerland. Some vehicles on tram and interurban systems, like the Red Car of the Pacific Electric Railway, can also be seen as railcars.

Battery-electric

Main article: Accumulator railcar

Experiments with battery-electric railcars were conducted from around 1890 in Belgium, France, Germany and Italy. In the US, railcars of the Edison-Beach type, with nickel-iron batteries were used from 1911. In New Zealand, a battery-electric Edison railcar operated from 1926 to 1934. The Drumm nickel-zinc battery was used on four 2-car sets between 1932 and 1946 on the Harcourt Street Line in Ireland and British Railways used lead–acid batteries in a railcar in 1958. Between 1955 and 1995 DB railways successfully operated 232 DB Class ETA 150 railcars utilising lead–acid batteries.

As with any other battery electric vehicle, the drawback is the limited range (this can be solved using overhead wires to recharge for use in places where there are not wires), weight, and/or expense of the battery.

An example of a new application for zero emission vehicles for rail environments such as subways is the Cater MetroTrolley which carries ultrasonic flaw detection instrumentation.

Old-generation railcars

New-generation DMU and EMU railcars

See also: Diesel multiple unit, Electric multiple unit, and Light rail
 
A diesel Alstom LINT of the Taunusbahn in Langenhahn station
 
Two IE 29000 Class Suburban DMU's stand at Connolly Station

A new breed of modern lightweight aerodynamically designed diesel or electric regional railcars that can operate as single vehicles or in trains (or, in “multiple units”) are becoming very popular in Europe and Japan, replacing the first-generation railbuses and second-generation DMU railcars, usually running on lesser-used main-line railways and in some cases in exclusive lanes in urban areas. Like many high-end DMUs, these vehicles are made of two or three connected units that are semi-permanently coupled as “married pairs or triplets” and operate as a single unit. Passengers may walk between the married pair units without having to open or pass through doors. Unit capacities range from 70 to over 300 seated passengers. The equipment is highly customisable with a wide variety of engine, transmission, coupler systems, and car lengths.

Institutional/regulatory Issues

Contrary to other parts of the world, in the United States these vehicles generally do not comply with Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) regulations[citation needed] and, therefore, can only operate on dedicated rights-of-way with complete separation from other railroad activities. This restriction makes it virtually impossible to operate them on existing rail corridors with conventional passenger rail service. Nevertheless, such vehicles may soon operate in the United States as manufacturers such as Siemens, Alstom and ADtranz affirm they may be able to produce FRA-compliant versions of their European equipment.[citation needed]

Existing systems

Light regional railcars are used by a number of railroads in Germany, and also in the Netherlands, Denmark, Italy, United States and Spain.

Manufacturers

Models of new-generation multiple-unit and articulated railcars include:

Multiple-unit and articulated railcars

When there are enough passengers to justify it, single-unit powered railcars can be joined in a multiple-unit form, with one driver controlling all engines. However, it has previously been the practice for a railcar to tow a carriage or second, unpowered railcar. It is possible for several railcars to run together, each with its own driver (as practised on the former County Donegal Railway). The reason for this was to keep costs down, since small railcars were not always fitted with multiple-unit control.

There are also articulated railcars, in which the ends of two adjacent coupled carriages are carried on a single joint bogie (see Jacobs bogie).

Railbuses

Main article: Railbus
 
Petrol railbus at the Eastern Södermanlands Railway, ÖSlJ, a narrow-gauge museum railway in typical time 1890-1910-century environment in Sweden

A variation of the railcar is the railbus: a very lightweight type of vehicle designed for use specifically on lightly-used railway lines and, as the name suggests, sharing many aspects of their construction with those of a road bus. They usually have a bus, or modified bus, body and four wheels on a fixed base, instead of running on bogies. Railbuses have been commonly used in such countries as the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.

A type of railbus known as a Pacer based on the Leyland National bus was still widely used in the United Kingdom until withdrawal in 2021. New Zealand railcars that more closely resembled railbuses were the Leyland diesel railcars and the Wairarapa railcars that were specially designed to operate over the Rimutaka Incline between Wellington and the Wairarapa region. In Australia, where they were often called Rail Motors, railcars were often used for passenger services on lightly-used lines. In France they are known as autorails. Once very common, their use died out as local lines were closed. However, a new model has been introduced for lesser-used lines.

In Canada, after the cessation of their mainline passenger service, BC Rail started operating a pair of railbuses to some settlements not easily accessible otherwise.

In Russia, the Mytishchi-based Metrowagonmash firm manufactures the RA-1 railbus, equipped with a Mercedes engine. As of summer 2006, the Gorky Railway planned to start using them on its commuter line between Nizhny Novgorod and Bor.[7]

Road–rail vehicles

Main article: Road–rail vehicle

The term railbus also refers to a dual-mode bus that can run on streets with rubber tires and on tracks with retractable train wheels.

The term rail bus is also used at times to refer to a road bus that replaces or supplements rail services on low-patronage railway lines or a bus that terminates at a railway station (also called a train bus). This process is sometimes called bustitution.

Parry People Movers

A UK company currently promoting the railbus concept is Parry People Movers. Locomotive power is from the energy stored in a flywheel. The first production vehicles, designated as British Rail Class 139, have a small onboard LPG motor to bring the flywheel up to speed. In practice, this could be an electric motor that need only connect to the power supply at stopping points. Alternatively, a motor at the stopping points could wind up the flywheel of each car as it stops.

Draisine

The term "railcar" has also been used to refer to a lightweight rail inspection vehicle (or draisine).

  •  

    Battery electric MetroTrolley for rail use (for ultrasonic rail flaw detection)

  •  

    In its simplest form, an American speeder - with motor unit detachable by hand

  •  

    With some weather protection, including mountable canvas side curtains

See also

Categories

General

References

  1. ^ www.parrypeoplemovers.com 2009-01-06 at the Wayback Machine Light Railcars and Railbuses - Retrieved on 2008-06-09
  2. ^ Brinckman, Jonathan (March 6, 2009). "Railcar orders, jobs in jeopardy". The Oregonian. Retrieved March 11, 2009.
  3. ^ "Trinity Eyes Stimulus". The Journal of Commerce. Retrieved March 11, 2009.
  4. ^ "Bill address railcar storage". Billings Gazette. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2009.
  5. ^ Worley, E.D. (1965). Iron Horses of the Santa Fe Trail. US: Southwest Railroad Historical Society. ASIN B0007EIUWE.
  6. ^ "Motor Coaches for Railways", The Automotor Journal, January 23, 1904
  7. ^ "Railbus RA-1 in Nizhny Novgorod", on the site "Public Transportation in Nizhny Novgorod" (in Russian)

External links

  The dictionary definition of railcar at Wiktionary

  • , an experimental bus for road and rail in the 1970s
  • Rail Motor Society (NSW, Australia)
  • Stadler Rail
  • North American Railcar Operators Association

March 27, 2023
railcar, this, article, about, self, propelled, railway, vehicle, designed, transport, passengers, unpowered, freight, cars, passenger, cars, railroad, redirects, here, band, from, francisco, band, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, ple. This article is about a self propelled railway vehicle designed to transport passengers For unpowered freight cars or passenger cars see railroad car Railcars redirects here For the band from San Francisco see Railcars band This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Railcar news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message A railcar not to be confused with a railway car is a self propelled railway vehicle designed to transport passengers The term railcar is usually used in reference to a train consisting of a single coach carriage car with a driver s cab at one or both ends Some railway companies such as the Great Western termed such vehicles railmotors or rail motors The Bombardier Talent articulated regional railcar The Regio Shuttle RS1 low floor vehicle is a modern version of a single unit railcar Several of these can run together articulated versions are also available The RegioSpider modern railcar A two car Hunter railcar in New South Wales Australia A 1 520 mm 4 ft 11 27 32 in Russian gauge Latvian RVR made railbus AR2 002 in Vilnius Lithuania still Soviet design A CSD Class M 152 0 in Leipzig Self propelled passenger vehicles also capable of hauling a train are in technical rail usage more usually called rail motor coaches or motor cars not to be confused with the motor cars otherwise known as automobiles that operate on roads 1 The term is sometimes also used as an alternative name for the small types of multiple unit which consist of more than one coach That is the general usage nowadays in Ireland when referring to any diesel multiple unit DMU or in some cases electric multiple unit EMU In North America the term railcar has a much broader sense and can be used as an abbreviated form of railroad car to refer to any item of hauled rolling stock whether passenger coaches or goods wagons freight cars 2 3 4 Self powered railcars were once common in North America see Doodlebug rail car In its simplest form a railcar may also be little more than a motorized railway handcar or draisine Contents 1 Uses 2 Propulsion systems 2 1 Steam 2 2 Petrol 2 3 Diesel 2 4 Electric 2 5 Battery electric 3 Old generation railcars 4 New generation DMU and EMU railcars 4 1 Institutional regulatory Issues 4 2 Existing systems 4 3 Manufacturers 5 Multiple unit and articulated railcars 6 Railbuses 6 1 Road rail vehicles 7 Parry People Movers 8 Draisine 9 See also 9 1 Categories 9 2 General 10 References 11 External linksUses EditRailcars are economic to run for light passenger loads because of their small size and in many countries are often used to run passenger services on minor railway lines such as rural railway lines where passenger traffic is sparse and where the use of a longer train would not be cost effective A famous example of this in the United States was the Galloping Goose railcars of the Rio Grande Southern Railroad whose introduction allowed the discontinuance of steam passenger service on the line and prolonged its life considerably Railcars have also been employed on premier services In New Zealand although railcars were primarily used on regional services the Blue Streak and Silver Fern railcars were used on the North Island Main Trunk between Wellington and Auckland and offered a higher standard of service than previous carriage trains In Australia the Savannahlander operates a tourist service from the coastal town of Cairns to Forsayth and Traveltrain operates the Gulflander between Normanton and Croydon in the Gulf Country of northern Queensland Propulsion systems EditSteam Edit LNER Sentinel Cammell steam railcar Main article Steam railcar William Bridges Adams built steam railcars at Bow London in the 1840s Many British railway companies tried steam rail motors but they were not very successful and were often replaced by push pull trains Sentinel Waggon Works was one British builder of steam railcars In Belgium M A Cabany of Mechelen designed steam railcars His first was built in 1877 and exhibited at a Paris exhibition This may have been the Exposition Universelle 1878 The steam boiler was supplied by the Boussu Works and there was accommodation for First Second and Third class passengers and their luggage There was also a locker for dogs underneath Fifteen were built and they worked mainly in the Hainaut and Antwerp districts The Austro Hungarian Ganz Works built steam trams prior to the First World War The Santa Fe Railway built a steam powered rail car using a body by American Car and Foundry a Jacobs Schupert boiler and a Ganz power truck in 1911 Numbered M 104 the experiment was a failure and was not repeated 5 Petrol Edit In 1904 the Automotor Journal reported that one railway after another had been realising that motor coaches could be used to handle light traffic on their less important lines 6 The North Eastern railways had been experimenting for some time in this direction and Wolseley provided them with a flat four engine capable of up to 100 bhp 75 kW for this purpose The engine drove a main dynamo to power two electric drive motors and a smaller dynamo to charge accumulators to power the interior lighting and allow electric starting of the engine The controls for the dynamo allowed the coach to be driven from either end For further details see 1903 Petrol Electric Autocar Another early railcar in the UK was designed by James Sidney Drewry and made by the Drewry Car Co in 1906 In 1908 the manufacture was contracted out to the Birmingham Small Arms Company By the 1930s railcars were often adapted from truck or automobiles examples of this include the Buick and Pierce Arrow based Galloping Geese of the Rio Grande Southern Railroad and the Mack Truck based Super Skunk of the California Western Railroad Diesel Edit While early railcars were propelled by steam and petrol engines modern railcars are usually propelled by a diesel engine mounted underneath the floor of the coach Diesel railcars may have mechanical fluid coupling and gearbox hydraulic torque converter or electric generator and traction motors transmission Electric Edit Electric railcars and mainline electric systems are rare since electrification normally implies heavy usage where single cars or short trains would not be economic Exceptions to this rule are or were found for example in Sweden or Switzerland Some vehicles on tram and interurban systems like the Red Car of the Pacific Electric Railway can also be seen as railcars Battery electric Edit Main article Accumulator railcar Experiments with battery electric railcars were conducted from around 1890 in Belgium France Germany and Italy In the US railcars of the Edison Beach type with nickel iron batteries were used from 1911 In New Zealand a battery electric Edison railcar operated from 1926 to 1934 The Drumm nickel zinc battery was used on four 2 car sets between 1932 and 1946 on the Harcourt Street Line in Ireland and British Railways used lead acid batteries in a railcar in 1958 Between 1955 and 1995 DB railways successfully operated 232 DB Class ETA 150 railcars utilising lead acid batteries As with any other battery electric vehicle the drawback is the limited range this can be solved using overhead wires to recharge for use in places where there are not wires weight and or expense of the battery An example of a new application for zero emission vehicles for rail environments such as subways is the Cater MetroTrolley which carries ultrasonic flaw detection instrumentation Old generation railcars Edit Steam railcar for the narrow gauge Niederosterreich ische Landesbahnen DE built by Komarek of Vienna in 1903 An early petrol engined rail omnibus on the New York Central railroad Weitzer petrol electric railcar 1903 French amp German components Austrian producer in Hungarian now Romanian Arad McKeen railmotor 1904 futuristic design early international success unsolvable gear problems Narrow gauge railcar in Dubrovnik Croatia in 1967 Standard railcar RM 31 in the yard at Pahiatua station of the Wairarapa Line New Zealand White Motor Company railcar in the collection of the Railtown 1897 State Historic Park Jamestown California GWR diesel railcar collection of the Great Western Society at Didcot Oxfordshire CSD Class M 131 1New generation DMU and EMU railcars EditSee also Diesel multiple unit Electric multiple unit and Light rail Stadler GTW light regional electric multiple unit railcar in Beinwil am See A diesel Alstom LINT of the Taunusbahn in Langenhahn station An Emepa Alerce on the Belgrano Norte line in Buenos Aires Two IE 29000 Class Suburban DMU s stand at Connolly Station A new breed of modern lightweight aerodynamically designed diesel or electric regional railcars that can operate as single vehicles or in trains or in multiple units are becoming very popular in Europe and Japan replacing the first generation railbuses and second generation DMU railcars usually running on lesser used main line railways and in some cases in exclusive lanes in urban areas Like many high end DMUs these vehicles are made of two or three connected units that are semi permanently coupled as married pairs or triplets and operate as a single unit Passengers may walk between the married pair units without having to open or pass through doors Unit capacities range from 70 to over 300 seated passengers The equipment is highly customisable with a wide variety of engine transmission coupler systems and car lengths Institutional regulatory Issues Edit Contrary to other parts of the world in the United States these vehicles generally do not comply with Federal Railroad Administration FRA regulations citation needed and therefore can only operate on dedicated rights of way with complete separation from other railroad activities This restriction makes it virtually impossible to operate them on existing rail corridors with conventional passenger rail service Nevertheless such vehicles may soon operate in the United States as manufacturers such as Siemens Alstom and ADtranz affirm they may be able to produce FRA compliant versions of their European equipment citation needed Existing systems Edit Light regional railcars are used by a number of railroads in Germany and also in the Netherlands Denmark Italy United States and Spain Sprinter in San Diego California Trillium Line in Ottawa Canada Capital MetroRail in Austin Texas A train in Denton County Texas SEPTA Cynwyd Line in Philadelphia Pennsylvania Ferrovia Trento Male in the region of Trento Italy Ferrovia della Val Venosta in the province of South Tyrol Italy Italian language version Ramal Talca Constitucion in the region of Maule ChileManufacturers Edit Models of new generation multiple unit and articulated railcars include Alstom Coradia LINT Bombardier Talent Metrovagonmash Siemens Desiro Stadler FLIRT Stadler GTW Stadler Regio Shuttle RS1Multiple unit and articulated railcars EditWhen there are enough passengers to justify it single unit powered railcars can be joined in a multiple unit form with one driver controlling all engines However it has previously been the practice for a railcar to tow a carriage or second unpowered railcar It is possible for several railcars to run together each with its own driver as practised on the former County Donegal Railway The reason for this was to keep costs down since small railcars were not always fitted with multiple unit control There are also articulated railcars in which the ends of two adjacent coupled carriages are carried on a single joint bogie see Jacobs bogie Railbuses EditMain article Railbus Petrol railbus at the Eastern Sodermanlands Railway OSlJ a narrow gauge museum railway in typical time 1890 1910 century environment in Sweden A variation of the railcar is the railbus a very lightweight type of vehicle designed for use specifically on lightly used railway lines and as the name suggests sharing many aspects of their construction with those of a road bus They usually have a bus or modified bus body and four wheels on a fixed base instead of running on bogies Railbuses have been commonly used in such countries as the Czech Republic France Germany Italy Sweden and the United Kingdom A type of railbus known as a Pacer based on the Leyland National bus was still widely used in the United Kingdom until withdrawal in 2021 New Zealand railcars that more closely resembled railbuses were the Leyland diesel railcars and the Wairarapa railcars that were specially designed to operate over the Rimutaka Incline between Wellington and the Wairarapa region In Australia where they were often called Rail Motors railcars were often used for passenger services on lightly used lines In France they are known as autorails Once very common their use died out as local lines were closed However a new model has been introduced for lesser used lines In Canada after the cessation of their mainline passenger service BC Rail started operating a pair of railbuses to some settlements not easily accessible otherwise In Russia the Mytishchi based Metrowagonmash firm manufactures the RA 1 railbus equipped with a Mercedes engine As of summer 2006 the Gorky Railway planned to start using them on its commuter line between Nizhny Novgorod and Bor 7 Uerdingen railbus in Germany Two axle British Rail Railbus in York England An Argentine TecnoTren railbusRoad rail vehicles Edit Main article Road rail vehicle The term railbus also refers to a dual mode bus that can run on streets with rubber tires and on tracks with retractable train wheels The term rail bus is also used at times to refer to a road bus that replaces or supplements rail services on low patronage railway lines or a bus that terminates at a railway station also called a train bus This process is sometimes called bustitution Parry People Movers EditA UK company currently promoting the railbus concept is Parry People Movers Locomotive power is from the energy stored in a flywheel The first production vehicles designated as British Rail Class 139 have a small onboard LPG motor to bring the flywheel up to speed In practice this could be an electric motor that need only connect to the power supply at stopping points Alternatively a motor at the stopping points could wind up the flywheel of each car as it stops Draisine EditThe term railcar has also been used to refer to a lightweight rail inspection vehicle or draisine Battery electric MetroTrolley for rail use for ultrasonic rail flaw detection In its simplest form an American speeder with motor unit detachable by hand With some weather protection including mountable canvas side curtainsSee also EditCategories Edit Autorail Locomotive Multiple unit Railbus Railmotor Rail motor coach General Edit Air brake rail Autorail British Rail BEMU British Rail Railbuses Budd Rail Diesel Car Budd SPV 2000 Cater MetroTrolley CPH railmotor DEB railcar Diesel multiple unit Doodlebug rail car Draisine EIKON International Edwards Rail Car Company GWR railcars GWR steam rail motors Handcar Luxtorpeda McKeen Motor Car Company Railmotor Railroad car Railway brakes Road rail vehicle Rail car mover some of which resemble HiRail trucks Schienenzeppelin Railroad speeder Stadler GTW UnimogReferences Edit www parrypeoplemovers com Archived 2009 01 06 at the Wayback Machine Light Railcars and Railbuses Retrieved on 2008 06 09 Brinckman Jonathan March 6 2009 Railcar orders jobs in jeopardy The Oregonian Retrieved March 11 2009 Trinity Eyes Stimulus The Journal of Commerce Retrieved March 11 2009 Bill address railcar storage Billings Gazette Archived from the original on July 22 2012 Retrieved March 11 2009 Worley E D 1965 Iron Horses of the Santa Fe Trail US Southwest Railroad Historical Society ASIN B0007EIUWE Motor Coaches for Railways The Automotor Journal January 23 1904 Railbus RA 1 in Nizhny Novgorod on the site Public Transportation in Nizhny Novgorod in Russian External links Edit The dictionary definition of railcar at Wiktionary The Road Rail Bus an experimental bus for road and rail in the 1970s North Central Railcar Association in Pennsylvania Rail Motor Society NSW Australia Stadler Rail North American Railcar Operators Association Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Railcar amp oldid 1137045751, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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