Federal Railroad Administration
The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) is an agency in the United States Department of Transportation (DOT). The agency was created by the Department of Transportation Act of 1966.[3] The purpose of the FRA is to promulgate and enforce rail safety regulations, administer railroad assistance programs, conduct research and development in support of improved railroad safety and national rail transportation policy, provide for the rehabilitation of Northeast Corridor rail passenger service, and consolidate government support of rail transportation activities.[4]
| Agency overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | April 1, 1967 |
| Jurisdiction | United States Government |
| Headquarters | Washington, DC |
| Employees | 850 |
| Annual budget | $1.561 billion (2008)[1] |
| Agency executive | |
| Parent agency | U.S. Department of Transportation |
| Website | railroads |
The FRA is one of ten agencies within DOT concerned with intermodal transportation. It operates through seven divisions under the offices of the Administrator and Deputy Administrator. These divisions are Financial Management and Administration, Chief Counsel, Civil Rights, Public Affairs, Public Engagement, Railroad Policy and Development, and Safety. It has a staff of about 850.[5]
Function edit
All passenger and freight rail travel in the United States on the national interconnected rail infrastructure is subject to regulation by the FRA. FRA regulates public and intercity rail services, but does not regulate "closed" railways that operate exclusively on private property, such as a rail system between buildings at a steel mill, nor does it regulate subways, light rail or elevated intra-city passenger rail systems that do not connect to any public rail networks.[6] Most notably, the FRA enforces safety regulations, such as speed limits and requirements for safety features such as positive train control (PTC).[7] Non-legislative recommendations for FRA policy come from the Rail Safety Advisory Committee, established in 1996,[8] though much of FRA policy is created via congressional legislation; for example, the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008 was an act of Congress, which the FRA enforced through a series of regulations published two years later.[9] These regulations include enforcement of PTC requirements and enforcement of more stringent conductor certification requirements.[10][11]
21st century safety initiatives edit
In 2011, the FRA began the process of updating its electronic device policy for active train operators.[12]
In June 2015, the FRA announced a railway safety initiative with Google that would include the FRA's GIS data in its mapping services. The data pinpoint the location of over 250,000 rail crossings in the United States. The FRA believes that providing the location of rail crossings on maps will enhance crossing safety for people who are using navigation systems while driving.[13][14] The agency also created a web portal for the public to report blocked crossings in order to collect data on the implication for safety and economy of stopped trains blocking crossings.[15][16]
Citing safety concerns, in 2016 the FRA proposed a rule to mandate train crew sizes[17] but the agency withdrew the rule in 2019 stating "that no regulation of train crew staffing is necessary or appropriate for railroad operations to be conducted safely at this time."[18] This was in part due to the improving safety record for rail and also the implementation of PTC across nearly 60,000 route miles of track.[19][20]
Following three recent derailments of long trains, the FRA in July 2023 started requiring Class 1 railroads to provide monthly data tracking train length and tonnage.[21] The specific concern is of trains with 1) more than 200 cars, 2) length of 12,250 feet or more, or 3) weight of more than 17,000 tons.
List of administrators edit
| Image | Name | Year began | Year end | Appointed by |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Scheffer Lang | 1967 | 1969 | Lyndon B. Johnson | |
| Reginald Whitman | 1969 | 1970 | Richard Nixon | |
| John W. Ingram | 1971 | 1974 | Richard Nixon | |
| Asaph H. Hall | 1974 | 1977 | Richard Nixon | |
| John M. Sullivan | 1977 | 1981 | Jimmy Carter | |
| Robert W. Blanchette | 1981 | 1983 | Ronald Reagan | |
| John H. Riley | 1983 | 1989 | Ronald Reagan | |
| Gil Carmichael | 1989 | 1993 | George H. W. Bush | |
| Jolene Molitoris | 1993 | 2000 | Bill Clinton | |
| Allan Rutter | 2001 | 2004 | George W. Bush | |
| Betty Monro (acting) | 2004 | 2005 | George W. Bush | |
| Robert D. Jamison (acting) | 2005 | 2005 | George W. Bush | |
| Joseph H. Boardman | 2005 | 2008 | George W. Bush | |
| Clifford C. Eby (acting) | 2008 | 2009 | George W. Bush | |
| Joe Szabo | 2009 | 2015 | Barack Obama | |
| Sarah Feinberg | 2015 | 2017 | Barack Obama | |
| Patrick T. Warren (acting) | 2017 | 2017 | Donald Trump | |
| Heath Hall (acting) | 2017 | 2018 | Donald Trump | |
| Juan Reyes (acting) | 2018 | 2018 | Donald Trump | |
| Ronald Batory | 2018 | 2021 | Donald Trump | |
| Amit Bose (acting)[22] | 2021 | 2022 | Joe Biden | |
| Amit Bose | 2022 | Present | Joe Biden |
Northeast Corridor Future edit
The FRA's Northeast Corridor (NEC) Future is a long-term plan aimed at improving the nation's Northeast Corridor.[27] The NEC Future plan consists of four components (also known as the Selective Alternative) that are: Improve rail service, Modernize NEC infrastructure, Expand rail capacity, and Study New Haven-to-Providence capacity. These four components all aim to improve the reliability and performance of the NEC system, whether it be through intercity or regional means.[28] The Selective Alternative looks to do four major things: Improve rail service by increasing frequency of trains, decreasing travel time, and making better passenger convenience; Modernize NEC infrastructure by having corridor-wide repair and replacing and fixing parts to bring the entire system to increased reliability; Expand rail capacity by adding new infrastructure between cities and increasing train speeds and capacity; and Study New Haven to Providence capacity.[29]
The NEC Future ROD (Record of Decision) was issued in July 2017, which marked the completion of the Tier 1 environmental review process. The ROD lays out everything involved with the project, including the plan itself and feedback from individuals, organizations, and stakeholders.[27] There is no listed completion date for the NEC Future and Selective Alternative.
National Rail Plan edit
Background edit
The need for an NRP was brought up in the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008. However, before the official plan could be drafted, the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act (PRIIA) required a Preliminary National Rail Plan (PNRP) to be made first, which was submitted to Congress on October 15, 2009. On December 16, 2009, the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2010 was enacted into law and established the delivery date for the NRP. The delivery date for the NRP was September 15, 2010.[30]
The goal edit
With the nation's infrastructure growing, the transportation used in the nation also needs to grow. With that in mind, the NRP's main goal is to increase the size of the nation's railway capacity to include 70 million more people and 2.8 billion tons more of freight within the next 25 years, and 100 million more people and 4 billion tons more of freight within the next 40 years. The NRP also looks to continue improving the rail systems safety.[31]
High-speed intercity travel edit
Another one of the NRP's big goals is the introduction of a high-speed train made for intercity travel. These trains would be much faster than normal trains, ranging in speed from 125–250 mph (201–402 km/h), and capable of delivering a passenger 500 miles (800 km) in about 2–3 hours. In smaller, regional areas, the trains would not be as quick, only going somewhere between 90–125 mph (145–201 km/h). There are no set costs for this system, however. The FRA argues that the benefits a high-speed rail system would bring outweigh the costs for the system, claiming that the high-speed rail system would reduce car traffic and eliminate the need for short-haul flights. It would also reduce congestion in America's more populated regions and boost manufacturing activity.[31]
See also edit
- The Surface Transportation Board manages economic aspects of railroads, including rates, service, acquisition, and abandonment.
- The Federal Transit Administration provides financial and technical assistance to local public transit agencies, including local rail operators not regulated by the FRA (subway, elevated rail, and light rail).
- The Interstate Commerce Commission, abolished in 1995, regulated railroad safety before the creation of the FRA.
- The National Transportation Safety Board investigates transportation accidents and crashes, including those involving railroads.
- The United States Railroad Administration managed the national railroad system during World War I, in operation from 1917 to 1920.
- Rail speed limits in the United States
Gallery edit
- DOTX-218 Gage Restraint Measurement Vehicle
- DOTX-218 and DOTX-220 behind a BNSF locomotive
- DOTX-220 Track Geometry Car
References edit
- ^ . Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved February 26, 2011.
- ^ "Government Officials at the US Department of Transportation | US Department of Transportation". transportation.gov. from the original on December 21, 2019. Retrieved February 2, 2021.
- ^ United States. Department of Transportation Act. 49 U.S.C. § 103, section 3(e)(1).
- ^ Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). "Federal Railroad Administration: About Us." 2008-05-19 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Federal Railroad Administration (2010). Washington, DC."About the FRA." 2010-09-14 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2010-08-28.
- ^ In this article http://www.alexblock.net/blog/2015/10/06/wmata-the-ntsb-and-the-fra-or-what-do-you-mean-the-metro-doesnt-count-as-a-railroad/ May 8, 2018, at the Wayback Machine (Retrieved May 7, 2018), a subway or metro system that does not use infrastructure accessible from other networks, such as Washington DC's Metrorail system, the Chicago "L", or the New York City Subway, is not a "railroad" and FRA lacks jurisdiction over its operations.
- ^ "Railroad Safety". Federal Railroad Administration. United States Department of Transportation. from the original on July 5, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ^ "Railroad Safety Advisory Committee". Federal Railroad Administration. United States Department of Transportation. from the original on June 27, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ^ "Positive Train Control Systems". Federal Register. United States Office of the Federal Register. January 15, 2010. from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ^ "Positive Train Control". Federal Railroad Administration. United States Department of Transportation. from the original on June 27, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ^ "Conductor Certification". Federal Railroad Administration. United States Department of Transportation. from the original on June 27, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ^ "Electronic Device Distraction". Federal Railroad Administration. United States Department of Transportation. from the original on June 27, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ^ "Google, FRA team up for safety; will add rail crossing data to maps". June 29, 2015. from the original on February 19, 2017. Retrieved April 27, 2016.
- ^ Mouawad, Jad (June 29, 2015). "Agency Taps Mapping Technology to Curb Rail Crossing Accidents". New York Times. from the original on January 28, 2017. Retrieved April 27, 2016.
- ^ "Blocked Crossings". fra.dot.gov. from the original on July 12, 2022. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
- ^ "Blocked Crossing? FRA Wants to Know About It (and More)". Railway Age. June 14, 2022. from the original on July 12, 2022. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
- ^ "Federal Register:: Request Access". unblock.federalregister.gov. from the original on July 12, 2022. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
- ^ "Federal Register :: Request Access". unblock.federalregister.gov. from the original on July 12, 2022. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
- ^ "FRA withdraws proposed minimum crew size rule | Trains Magazine". Trains. from the original on June 9, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
- ^ "Rail News – FRA withdraws proposed train-crew staffing rule. For Railroad Career Professionals". Progressive Railroading. from the original on July 12, 2022. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
- ^ "FRA seeks data on train length and tonnage from Class I roads". Trains. No. 10 Vol 83. Kalmbach. October 2023. p. 7.
- ^ "Amit Bose | US Department of Transportation". transportation.gov. from the original on February 4, 2021. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
- ^ . United States Department of Transportation, Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on July 30, 2009. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ^ "FRA Acting Administrator Named" July 31, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, APTA:Passenger Transport Express, December 5, 2008, accessed December 8, 2008
- ^ (Press release). FRA. June 1, 2005. Archived from the original on October 28, 2005. Retrieved June 6, 2005.
- ^ Progressive Railroading (April 30, 2009). "Senate confirms Szabo's nomination as FRA administrator". Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen. Archived from the original on July 19, 2012. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
- ^ a b "NEC Future". Federal Railroad Administration. from the original on January 10, 2019. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
- ^ Reyes-Alicea, Rebecca (July 2017). "NEC Future: Record of Decision". Federal Railroad Administration. from the original on October 28, 2018. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
- ^ "NEC Future: Selected Alternative Description". Federal Railroad Administration. from the original on October 28, 2018. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
- ^ Rae, Karen (April 5, 2010). "National Rail Plan". Regulations.gov. from the original on October 28, 2018. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
- ^ a b Federal Railroad Administration (September 20, 2010). "National Rail Plan Progress Report". Federal Railroad Administration. from the original on October 28, 2018. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
External links edit
- Federal Railroad Administration
- Federal Railroad Administration in the Federal Register
- Records of the Federal Railroad Administration in the National Archives (Record Group 399)
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of Transportation.
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Archives and Records Administration.