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2018 California wildfires

October 15, 2023

The 2018 wildfire season was the deadliest and most destructive wildfire season in California history. It was also the largest on record at the time, now third after the 2020 and 2021 California wildfire seasons.[18][19][20] In 2018, there were a total of 103 confirmed fatalities, 24,226 structures damaged or destroyed, and 8,527 fires burning 1,975,086 acres (799,289 ha), about 2% of the state's 100 million acres of land. Through the end of August 2018, Cal Fire alone spent $432 million on operations.[21] The catastrophic Camp Fire alone killed at least 85 people, destroyed 18,804 buildings and caused $16.5 billion in property damage, while overall the fires resulted in at least $26.347 billion in property damage and firefighting costs,[4][6][7][8][5] including $25.4 billion in property damage and $947 million in fire suppression costs.[4][5]

2018 California wildfires
An August 1, 2018, satellite image of the wildfires burning in Northern California and Southern Oregon; smoke can be seen trailing northeastward over Nevada, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho
Statistics[1][2][3]
Total fires8,527
Total area1,975,086 acres (799,289 ha)
Cost>$26.347 billion (2018 USD) (Costliest on record)[4][5][6][7][8]
Buildings destroyed24,226
Deaths97 civilians and 6 firefighters[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]
Non-fatal injuriesAt least 80
Season
← 2017
2019 →

In mid-July to August 2018, a series of large wildfires erupted across California, mostly in the northern part of the state. On August 4, 2018, a national disaster was declared in Northern California, due to the extensive wildfires burning there.[22]

The Carr Fire in July and August 2018 caused more than $1.5 billion (2018 USD) in property damage.[8][23][24][25] The Mendocino Complex Fire burned more than 459,000 acres (186,000 ha), becoming the largest complex fire in the state's history at the time, with the complex's Ranch Fire surpassing the Thomas Fire and the Santiago Canyon Fire of 1889 to become California's single-largest recorded wildfire.[26][27] In September 2020, the August Complex surpassed the Mendocino Complex to become California's single-largest recorded wildfire.[28]

In November 2018, strong winds aggravated conditions in another round of large, destructive fires that occurred across the state. This new batch of wildfires included the Woolsey Fire and the Camp Fire. The Camp Fire destroyed the town of Paradise and killed at least 85 people, with 1 still unaccounted for as of August 2, 2019.[29] The Camp Fire destroyed more than 18,000 structures, becoming both California's deadliest and most destructive wildfire on record. AccuWeather estimated the total economic cost of the 2018 wildfires at $400 billion (2018 USD), which includes property damage, firefighting costs, direct and indirect economic losses, as well as recovery expenditures.[30] Another study, published two years after the fires, estimated the total damages at $148.5 billion, including capital losses, health costs and indirect losses.[31]

Causes Edit

Several factors led to the destructiveness of the 2018 California wildfire season. A combination of increased fuel loading and atmospheric conditions influenced by global warming led to a series of destructive fires. Primary causes of wildfire vary geographically based on many factors, such as topography.[32] For example, characteristically dense forests in the Sierra Nevada Mountains harbor fuel-driven fires while the open central valley from the south Bay Area to San Diego County are more prone to wind-driven fire over dry grasslands.[32]

Increase in fuel Edit

A direct contributor to the 2018 California wildfires was an increase in dead tree fuel.[33] By December 2017, there was a record 129 million dead trees in California.[34] Tree mortality is linked to a period during the 2010s of "anomalously warm droughts" [35] that were severe and long-lasting enough to stand out even amongst California's existing history of wildfires and exceptionally dry conditions.[32] One study focused on the concentrated mortality of densely populated conifers of the Sierra Nevada "found that die-off was closely tied to multi-year deep-rooting-zone drying" and that severity of that dryness can be used to predict mortality.[35] Such drought leaves trees stressed for water, which makes them susceptible to beetle infestation and exacerbates tree mortality further.[36]

Drought intensity lessened in California by 2017,[37] but the effects of tree mortality linger for years. One study expresses a lack of sufficient data to confidently determine the rate of coniferous tree decay in the Sierra Nevada.[38] Nonetheless, it is a gradual process, and the remaining dead tree matter is an optimal fuel source for future wild fires.

Atmospheric conditions Edit

Stanford Earth System Science Professor Noah Diffenbaugh stated that atmospheric conditions for California wildfires are expected to worsen in the future because of the effects of climate change in California and that "what we're seeing over the last few years in terms of the wildfire season in California [is] very consistent with the historical trends in terms of increasing temperatures, increasing dryness, and increasing wildfire risk." Other experts agreed, saying that global warming is to blame for these extreme weather conditions. Global warming has led to higher temperatures and longer summers, creating a drier landscape that gave fires more fuel to burn longer and stronger.

[39] Research published August 2018 predicted an increase in the number of wildfires in California as a consequence of climate change.[40] However, from a historical perspective, it has been estimated that prior to 1850, about 4.5 million acres (17,000 km2) burned yearly, in fires that lasted for months.[41]

Residential construction in the wildland-urban interface Edit

A wildland–urban interface (or WUI) refers to the zone of transition between unoccupied land and human development. Communities that are within 0.5 miles (0.80  km) of the zone may also be included. These lands and communities adjacent to and surrounded by wildlands are at risk of wildfires.[42] Since the 1990s, over 43% of new residential buildings have been constructed in this area. In some areas, the amount of new residences in those areas is 80%.[43] In the past, when these areas burned, no residences were lost, but now residences are present, which end up being destroyed.[44] Furthermore, a "century of successful fire suppression" performed in an attempt to protect forests and those living in WUIs has also disrupted natural cycles of disturbance and renewed succession of an ecosystem by allowing fuel to reach abnormal density levels discussed above.

[32]

Air quality Edit

 
Air quality of California on August 7, 2018

Northern California and the Central Valley saw drastic increases in air pollutants during the height of the July and August fires, while Southern California also experienced an increase in air pollution in August.[45] Air quality in Northern and Central California remained poor until mid-September 2018, when fire activity was drastically diminished. However, during the November Camp Fire, air quality diminished again, with the majority of the Bay Area being subjected to air quality indexes (AQIs) of 200 and above, in the "unhealthy" region.

Wildfires Edit

The following is a list of fires that burned more than 1,000 acres (400 ha), or produced significant structural damage or loss of life.

Name County Acres Start date Containment date Notes Ref
Pleasant Inyo 2,070 February 18, 2018 April 3, 2018 First significant wildfire of the year [46]
Moffat Inyo 1,265 April 19, 2018 May 21, 2018 [47]
Nees Merced 1,756 May 2, 2018 May 17, 2018 [48]
Patterson Riverside 1,261 May 17, 2018 May 21, 2018 [49]
Panoche San Benito 64 June 4, 2018 June 7, 2018 3 civilians killed [50][9]
Stone Los Angeles 1,352 June 4, 2018 June 13, 2018 [51]
Airline San Benito 1,314 June 4, 2018 June 14, 2018 [52]
Apple Tehama 2,956 June 9, 2018 June 14, 2018 3 residential structures and 2 outbuildings destroyed [53]
Chrome Glenn 2,290 June 9, 2018 June 21, 2018 1 outbuilding destroyed [54]
Lions Madera 13,347 June 11, 2018 October 1, 2018 [55][56]
Planada Merced 4,564 June 15, 2018 June 21, 2018 [57]
Yankee San Luis Obispo 1,500 June 20, 2018 July 1, 2018 [58]
Lane Tehama 3,716 June 23, 2018 July 4, 2018 1 injury [59]
Pawnee Lake 15,185 June 23, 2018 July 8, 2018 22 structures destroyed, 1 injury [60]
Creek Madera 1,678 June 24, 2018 July 5, 2018 4 residential structures and 7 minor structures destroyed [61]
Waverly San Joaquin 12,300 June 29, 2018 July 2, 2018 [62]
County Lake, Napa, Yolo 90,288 June 30, 2018 July 14, 2018 20 structures destroyed; 1 firefighter injured [63]
Klamathon Siskiyou 38,008 July 5, 2018 July 16, 2018 82 structures destroyed; 3 injuries, 1 civilian killed [64][65]
Valley San Bernardino 1,350 July 6, 2018 October 22, 2018 5 injured [66][67][8]
Holiday Santa Barbara 113 July 6, 2018 July 11, 2018 20 structures destroyed [68]
Pendleton Complex San Diego 1,800 July 6, 2018 July 11, 2018 Originated as 3 separate fires; burned in Camp Pendleton [69][70]
West San Diego 504 July 6, 2018 July 11, 2018 56 structures destroyed [71]
Georges Inyo 2,883 July 8, 2018 July 18, 2018 This was about the time that the wildfire outbreak started and some of the worst wildfires of the season, including the Carr and Mendocino Complex, aka the Ranch Fire/ River Fire, began. [72][73][8]
Ferguson Mariposa 96,901 July 13, 2018 August 18, 2018 19 firefighters injured, 2 firefighters killed; 10 structures destroyed [10][74]
Eagle Modoc 2,100 July 13, 2018 July 17, 2018 [75][8]
Natchez Del Norte, Siskiyou 38,134 July 15, 2018 October 30, 2018 [76][77]
Carr Shasta 229,651 July 23, 2018 August 30, 2018 1,079 residences, 22 commercial structures, 503 outbuildings destroyed
190 residences, 26 commercial structures, and 63 outbuildings damaged
3 firefighters and 5 civilians killed		 [78]
Cranston Riverside 13,139 July 26, 2018 August 10, 2018 12 buildings destroyed [79]
Mendocino Complex Mendocino, Lake, Colusa, Glenn 459,123 July 27, 2018 September 18, 2018 The Ranch and River Fires are collectively called the Mendocino Complex Fire
157 residential buildings destroyed, 123 others destroyed
13 residential buildings and 24 other buildings damaged
1 firefighter killed, 4 firefighters injured		 [80][81][27][82]
Whaleback Lassen 18,703 July 27, 2018 August 7, 2018 [83]
Butte Sutter 1,200 July 31, 2018 August 3, 2018 [84]
Donnell Tuolumne 36,450 August 1, 2018 October 1, 2018 135 structures destroyed; 9 civilians injured [85]
Tarina Kern 2,950 August 3, 2018 August 6, 2018 [86]
Pendleton San Diego 1,000 August 5, 2018 August 6, 2018 Burned in Camp Pendleton [87]
Turkey Monterey 2,225 August 6, 2018 August 6, 2018 [88]
Holy Orange, Riverside 23,136 August 6, 2018 September 13, 2018 18 structures destroyed; 3 firefighters injured[89] [90][91][92]
Five Kings 2,995 August 6, 2018 August 8, 2018 [93]
Hirz Shasta 46,150 August 9, 2018 September 12, 2018 [94]
Hat Shasta 1,900 August 9, 2018 August 16, 2018 [95]
Nelson Solano 2,162 August 10, 2018 August 12, 2018 [96]
Stone Modoc 39,387 August 15, 2018 August 29, 2018 [97]
Mill Creek 1 Humboldt 3,674 August 16, 2018 August 30, 2018 [98]
Front San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara 1,014 August 19, 2018 August 29, 2018 [99]
North Placer 1,120 September 3, 2018 September 16, 2018 [100]
Boot Mono 6,974 September 4, 2018 September 15, 2018 [101]
Kerlin Trinity 1,751 September 4, 2018 September 17, 2018 [102]
Delta Shasta 63,311 September 5, 2018 October 7, 2018 Merged into the Hirz Fire; 20 structures destroyed [103]
Snell Napa 2,490 September 8, 2018 September 15, 2018 [104]
Charlie Los Angeles 3,380 September 22, 2018 October 1, 2018 [105][106]
Alder Tulare 4,653 October 4, 2018 December 7, 2018 Both of the Alder and Eden Fires, along with the Mountaineer, were the last fires to be taken out. All three were 100% Contained by the end of December 7. [107]
Eden Tulare 1,777 October 4, 2018 December 7, 2018 [108][109]
Branscombe Solano 4,700 October 7, 2018 November 9, 2018 4 structures destroyed [110][111]
Sun Tehama 3,889 October 7, 2018 October 12, 2018 [112]
Mountaineer Tulare 1,270 October 13, 2018 December 7, 2018 This fire, along with the Alder and Eden fires, were the last fires to be put out, marking the end of the fire season. [113]
Camp Butte 153,336 November 8, 2018 November 25, 2018

5 firefighters injured, 89 civilian deaths, 12 civilians injured, 1 civilian missing; 18,804 structures destroyed, 564 structures damaged; destroyed the town of Paradise. Costliest wildfire recorded in the modern era.

[114][115][29][6]
Nurse Solano 1,500 November 8, 2018 November 27, 2018 [116]
Hill Ventura 4,531 November 8, 2018 November 15, 2018 4 structures destroyed [117]
Woolsey Los Angeles, Ventura 96,949 November 8, 2018 November 22, 2018 3 civilians killed, 1,643 structures destroyed, 364 damaged [118][119][120]

Fatalities Edit

 
The Woolsey Fire encroaching on Malibu on November 9

On June 4, the Panoche Fire broke out, in a series of three blazes that started in the San Benito County area. While the Panoche incident was the smallest of the three fires, burning only 64 acres (26 ha), the remains of three people were found in a destroyed camping trailer in the burn area.[9][121] The remains were believed to belong to a mother, a toddler, and an infant.[9][122]

On July 14, a Cal Fire bulldozer operator was killed while fighting the Ferguson Fire, becoming the first firefighter death of the season.[10]

On July 23, the Carr Fire broke out after a vehicle malfunctioned. While the Carr Fire burned in rural areas of Shasta County for the first few days, it crossed the Sacramento River and entered the city limits of Redding, California on the evening of July 26. By the next morning, two firefighters and four civilians had been killed.[11][12][123]

On July 29, a firefighter with the National Park Service was killed after a dead tree fell and struck him, while he was fighting the Ferguson Fire. He was "treated on scene, but died before he could be taken to the hospital".[13]

On August 4, a Pacific Gas and Electric Company employee was killed in a vehicle incident while working to restore services to areas impacted by the Carr Fire.[14]

On August 9, a Cal Fire heavy equipment mechanic was killed in a traffic incident while working at the Carr Fire.[15]

On August 13, a firefighter was killed while fighting the Mendocino Complex Fire.[16]

On November 8, 2018, 85 civilians were killed by the Camp Fire, while three firefighters were injured. The number dead had been listed at 87, lowered to 85 by early December when it was discovered one victim was put in several bags.[124] Three people [17] also died during the Woolsey Fire near Malibu.[125]

Response efforts Edit

Direct Relief provided emergency, firefighting and medical supplies medications to first responders and affected communities.[126]

Verizon Wireless data throttling Edit

In August 2018, the Santa Clara County Fire Department raised claims against Verizon Wireless that their "unlimited" data service had been throttled while the fire department was attempting to contain the Mendocino Complex Fire. The Verizon contract stated that the department's plan would be throttled down to 200 kbit/s or 600 kbit/s once the department had used 25 GB in a single month. However, the contract stated that the usage related throttling would not apply in certain emergency situations, such as wildfire containment operations. The plan remained throttled, despite the department's notification to Verizon regarding the situation.[127][128]

Gallery Edit

  •  

    Photograph of smoky sky near sunset in early August looking toward the west, in Sacramento, California. The smoke was produced by the wildfires.

  •  

    California National Guard battles wildfires.

  •  

    The Bay Bridge in San Francisco, California. The photo on the left was taken November 16, 2018 and the one on the right October 14, 2018.

  •  

    Golden Gate Park as seen by drone during the Camp Fire

See also Edit

References Edit

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External links Edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2018 wildfires in California.

October 15, 2023
2018, california, wildfires, 2018, wildfire, season, deadliest, most, destructive, wildfire, season, california, history, also, largest, record, time, third, after, 2020, 2021, california, wildfire, seasons, 2018, there, were, total, confirmed, fatalities, str. The 2018 wildfire season was the deadliest and most destructive wildfire season in California history It was also the largest on record at the time now third after the 2020 and 2021 California wildfire seasons 18 19 20 In 2018 there were a total of 103 confirmed fatalities 24 226 structures damaged or destroyed and 8 527 fires burning 1 975 086 acres 799 289 ha about 2 of the state s 100 million acres of land Through the end of August 2018 Cal Fire alone spent 432 million on operations 21 The catastrophic Camp Fire alone killed at least 85 people destroyed 18 804 buildings and caused 16 5 billion in property damage while overall the fires resulted in at least 26 347 billion in property damage and firefighting costs 4 6 7 8 5 including 25 4 billion in property damage and 947 million in fire suppression costs 4 5 2018 California wildfires123451Garner Complex2Natchez Fire3Carr Fire4Mendocino Complex Fire5Ferguson FireAn August 1 2018 satellite image of the wildfires burning in Northern California and Southern Oregon smoke can be seen trailing northeastward over Nevada Oregon Washington and IdahoStatistics 1 2 3 Total fires8 527Total area1 975 086 acres 799 289 ha Cost gt 26 347 billion 2018 USD Costliest on record 4 5 6 7 8 Buildings destroyed24 226Deaths97 civilians and 6 firefighters 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Non fatal injuriesAt least 80Season 2017 2019 In mid July to August 2018 a series of large wildfires erupted across California mostly in the northern part of the state On August 4 2018 a national disaster was declared in Northern California due to the extensive wildfires burning there 22 The Carr Fire in July and August 2018 caused more than 1 5 billion 2018 USD in property damage 8 23 24 25 The Mendocino Complex Fire burned more than 459 000 acres 186 000 ha becoming the largest complex fire in the state s history at the time with the complex s Ranch Fire surpassing the Thomas Fire and the Santiago Canyon Fire of 1889 to become California s single largest recorded wildfire 26 27 In September 2020 the August Complex surpassed the Mendocino Complex to become California s single largest recorded wildfire 28 In November 2018 strong winds aggravated conditions in another round of large destructive fires that occurred across the state This new batch of wildfires included the Woolsey Fire and the Camp Fire The Camp Fire destroyed the town of Paradise and killed at least 85 people with 1 still unaccounted for as of August 2 2019 29 The Camp Fire destroyed more than 18 000 structures becoming both California s deadliest and most destructive wildfire on record AccuWeather estimated the total economic cost of the 2018 wildfires at 400 billion 2018 USD which includes property damage firefighting costs direct and indirect economic losses as well as recovery expenditures 30 Another study published two years after the fires estimated the total damages at 148 5 billion including capital losses health costs and indirect losses 31 Contents 1 Causes 1 1 Increase in fuel 1 2 Atmospheric conditions 1 3 Residential construction in the wildland urban interface 2 Air quality 3 Wildfires 4 Fatalities 5 Response efforts 6 Verizon Wireless data throttling 7 Gallery 8 See also 9 References 10 External linksCauses EditSeveral factors led to the destructiveness of the 2018 California wildfire season A combination of increased fuel loading and atmospheric conditions influenced by global warming led to a series of destructive fires Primary causes of wildfire vary geographically based on many factors such as topography 32 For example characteristically dense forests in the Sierra Nevada Mountains harbor fuel driven fires while the open central valley from the south Bay Area to San Diego County are more prone to wind driven fire over dry grasslands 32 Increase in fuel Edit A direct contributor to the 2018 California wildfires was an increase in dead tree fuel 33 By December 2017 there was a record 129 million dead trees in California 34 Tree mortality is linked to a period during the 2010s of anomalously warm droughts 35 that were severe and long lasting enough to stand out even amongst California s existing history of wildfires and exceptionally dry conditions 32 One study focused on the concentrated mortality of densely populated conifers of the Sierra Nevada found that die off was closely tied to multi year deep rooting zone drying and that severity of that dryness can be used to predict mortality 35 Such drought leaves trees stressed for water which makes them susceptible to beetle infestation and exacerbates tree mortality further 36 Drought intensity lessened in California by 2017 37 but the effects of tree mortality linger for years One study expresses a lack of sufficient data to confidently determine the rate of coniferous tree decay in the Sierra Nevada 38 Nonetheless it is a gradual process and the remaining dead tree matter is an optimal fuel source for future wild fires Atmospheric conditions Edit Stanford Earth System Science Professor Noah Diffenbaugh stated that atmospheric conditions for California wildfires are expected to worsen in the future because of the effects of climate change in California and that what we re seeing over the last few years in terms of the wildfire season in California is very consistent with the historical trends in terms of increasing temperatures increasing dryness and increasing wildfire risk Other experts agreed saying that global warming is to blame for these extreme weather conditions Global warming has led to higher temperatures and longer summers creating a drier landscape that gave fires more fuel to burn longer and stronger 39 Research published August 2018 predicted an increase in the number of wildfires in California as a consequence of climate change 40 However from a historical perspective it has been estimated that prior to 1850 about 4 5 million acres 17 000 km2 burned yearly in fires that lasted for months 41 Residential construction in the wildland urban interface Edit A wildland urban interface or WUI refers to the zone of transition between unoccupied land and human development Communities that are within 0 5 miles 0 80 km of the zone may also be included These lands and communities adjacent to and surrounded by wildlands are at risk of wildfires 42 Since the 1990s over 43 of new residential buildings have been constructed in this area In some areas the amount of new residences in those areas is 80 43 In the past when these areas burned no residences were lost but now residences are present which end up being destroyed 44 Furthermore a century of successful fire suppression performed in an attempt to protect forests and those living in WUIs has also disrupted natural cycles of disturbance and renewed succession of an ecosystem by allowing fuel to reach abnormal density levels discussed above 32 Air quality Edit nbsp Air quality of California on August 7 2018Northern California and the Central Valley saw drastic increases in air pollutants during the height of the July and August fires while Southern California also experienced an increase in air pollution in August 45 Air quality in Northern and Central California remained poor until mid September 2018 when fire activity was drastically diminished However during the November Camp Fire air quality diminished again with the majority of the Bay Area being subjected to air quality indexes AQIs of 200 and above in the unhealthy region Wildfires EditThe following is a list of fires that burned more than 1 000 acres 400 ha or produced significant structural damage or loss of life Name County Acres Start date Containment date Notes RefPleasant Inyo 2 070 February 18 2018 April 3 2018 First significant wildfire of the year 46 Moffat Inyo 1 265 April 19 2018 May 21 2018 47 Nees Merced 1 756 May 2 2018 May 17 2018 48 Patterson Riverside 1 261 May 17 2018 May 21 2018 49 Panoche San Benito 64 June 4 2018 June 7 2018 3 civilians killed 50 9 Stone Los Angeles 1 352 June 4 2018 June 13 2018 51 Airline San Benito 1 314 June 4 2018 June 14 2018 52 Apple Tehama 2 956 June 9 2018 June 14 2018 3 residential structures and 2 outbuildings destroyed 53 Chrome Glenn 2 290 June 9 2018 June 21 2018 1 outbuilding destroyed 54 Lions Madera 13 347 June 11 2018 October 1 2018 55 56 Planada Merced 4 564 June 15 2018 June 21 2018 57 Yankee San Luis Obispo 1 500 June 20 2018 July 1 2018 58 Lane Tehama 3 716 June 23 2018 July 4 2018 1 injury 59 Pawnee Lake 15 185 June 23 2018 July 8 2018 22 structures destroyed 1 injury 60 Creek Madera 1 678 June 24 2018 July 5 2018 4 residential structures and 7 minor structures destroyed 61 Waverly San Joaquin 12 300 June 29 2018 July 2 2018 62 County Lake Napa Yolo 90 288 June 30 2018 July 14 2018 20 structures destroyed 1 firefighter injured 63 Klamathon Siskiyou 38 008 July 5 2018 July 16 2018 82 structures destroyed 3 injuries 1 civilian killed 64 65 Valley San Bernardino 1 350 July 6 2018 October 22 2018 5 injured 66 67 8 Holiday Santa Barbara 113 July 6 2018 July 11 2018 20 structures destroyed 68 Pendleton Complex San Diego 1 800 July 6 2018 July 11 2018 Originated as 3 separate fires burned in Camp Pendleton 69 70 West San Diego 504 July 6 2018 July 11 2018 56 structures destroyed 71 Georges Inyo 2 883 July 8 2018 July 18 2018 This was about the time that the wildfire outbreak started and some of the worst wildfires of the season including the Carr and Mendocino Complex aka the Ranch Fire River Fire began 72 73 8 Ferguson Mariposa 96 901 July 13 2018 August 18 2018 19 firefighters injured 2 firefighters killed 10 structures destroyed 10 74 Eagle Modoc 2 100 July 13 2018 July 17 2018 75 8 Natchez Del Norte Siskiyou 38 134 July 15 2018 October 30 2018 76 77 Carr Shasta 229 651 July 23 2018 August 30 2018 1 079 residences 22 commercial structures 503 outbuildings destroyed190 residences 26 commercial structures and 63 outbuildings damaged3 firefighters and 5 civilians killed 78 Cranston Riverside 13 139 July 26 2018 August 10 2018 12 buildings destroyed 79 Mendocino Complex Mendocino Lake Colusa Glenn 459 123 July 27 2018 September 18 2018 The Ranch and River Fires are collectively called the Mendocino Complex Fire157 residential buildings destroyed 123 others destroyed13 residential buildings and 24 other buildings damaged1 firefighter killed 4 firefighters injured 80 81 27 82 Whaleback Lassen 18 703 July 27 2018 August 7 2018 83 Butte Sutter 1 200 July 31 2018 August 3 2018 84 Donnell Tuolumne 36 450 August 1 2018 October 1 2018 135 structures destroyed 9 civilians injured 85 Tarina Kern 2 950 August 3 2018 August 6 2018 86 Pendleton San Diego 1 000 August 5 2018 August 6 2018 Burned in Camp Pendleton 87 Turkey Monterey 2 225 August 6 2018 August 6 2018 88 Holy Orange Riverside 23 136 August 6 2018 September 13 2018 18 structures destroyed 3 firefighters injured 89 90 91 92 Five Kings 2 995 August 6 2018 August 8 2018 93 Hirz Shasta 46 150 August 9 2018 September 12 2018 94 Hat Shasta 1 900 August 9 2018 August 16 2018 95 Nelson Solano 2 162 August 10 2018 August 12 2018 96 Stone Modoc 39 387 August 15 2018 August 29 2018 97 Mill Creek 1 Humboldt 3 674 August 16 2018 August 30 2018 98 Front San Luis Obispo Santa Barbara 1 014 August 19 2018 August 29 2018 99 North Placer 1 120 September 3 2018 September 16 2018 100 Boot Mono 6 974 September 4 2018 September 15 2018 101 Kerlin Trinity 1 751 September 4 2018 September 17 2018 102 Delta Shasta 63 311 September 5 2018 October 7 2018 Merged into the Hirz Fire 20 structures destroyed 103 Snell Napa 2 490 September 8 2018 September 15 2018 104 Charlie Los Angeles 3 380 September 22 2018 October 1 2018 105 106 Alder Tulare 4 653 October 4 2018 December 7 2018 Both of the Alder and Eden Fires along with the Mountaineer were the last fires to be taken out All three were 100 Contained by the end of December 7 107 Eden Tulare 1 777 October 4 2018 December 7 2018 108 109 Branscombe Solano 4 700 October 7 2018 November 9 2018 4 structures destroyed 110 111 Sun Tehama 3 889 October 7 2018 October 12 2018 112 Mountaineer Tulare 1 270 October 13 2018 December 7 2018 This fire along with the Alder and Eden fires were the last fires to be put out marking the end of the fire season 113 Camp Butte 153 336 November 8 2018 November 25 2018 5 firefighters injured 89 civilian deaths 12 civilians injured 1 civilian missing 18 804 structures destroyed 564 structures damaged destroyed the town of Paradise Costliest wildfire recorded in the modern era 114 115 29 6 Nurse Solano 1 500 November 8 2018 November 27 2018 116 Hill Ventura 4 531 November 8 2018 November 15 2018 4 structures destroyed 117 Woolsey Los Angeles Ventura 96 949 November 8 2018 November 22 2018 3 civilians killed 1 643 structures destroyed 364 damaged 118 119 120 Fatalities Edit nbsp The Woolsey Fire encroaching on Malibu on November 9On June 4 the Panoche Fire broke out in a series of three blazes that started in the San Benito County area While the Panoche incident was the smallest of the three fires burning only 64 acres 26 ha the remains of three people were found in a destroyed camping trailer in the burn area 9 121 The remains were believed to belong to a mother a toddler and an infant 9 122 On July 14 a Cal Fire bulldozer operator was killed while fighting the Ferguson Fire becoming the first firefighter death of the season 10 On July 23 the Carr Fire broke out after a vehicle malfunctioned While the Carr Fire burned in rural areas of Shasta County for the first few days it crossed the Sacramento River and entered the city limits of Redding California on the evening of July 26 By the next morning two firefighters and four civilians had been killed 11 12 123 On July 29 a firefighter with the National Park Service was killed after a dead tree fell and struck him while he was fighting the Ferguson Fire He was treated on scene but died before he could be taken to the hospital 13 On August 4 a Pacific Gas and Electric Company employee was killed in a vehicle incident while working to restore services to areas impacted by the Carr Fire 14 On August 9 a Cal Fire heavy equipment mechanic was killed in a traffic incident while working at the Carr Fire 15 On August 13 a firefighter was killed while fighting the Mendocino Complex Fire 16 On November 8 2018 85 civilians were killed by the Camp Fire while three firefighters were injured The number dead had been listed at 87 lowered to 85 by early December when it was discovered one victim was put in several bags 124 Three people 17 also died during the Woolsey Fire near Malibu 125 Response efforts EditDirect Relief provided emergency firefighting and medical supplies medications to first responders and affected communities 126 Verizon Wireless data throttling EditIn August 2018 the Santa Clara County Fire Department raised claims against Verizon Wireless that their unlimited data service had been throttled while the fire department was attempting to contain the Mendocino Complex Fire The Verizon contract stated that the department s plan would be throttled down to 200 kbit s or 600 kbit s once the department had used 25 GB in a single month However the contract stated that the usage related throttling would not apply in certain emergency situations such as wildfire containment operations The plan remained throttled despite the department s notification to Verizon regarding the situation 127 128 Gallery Edit nbsp Photograph of smoky sky near sunset in early August looking toward the west in Sacramento California The smoke was produced by the wildfires nbsp California National Guard battles wildfires nbsp The Bay Bridge in San Francisco California The photo on the left was taken November 16 2018 and the one on the right October 14 2018 nbsp Golden Gate Park as seen by drone during the Camp FireSee also Edit nbsp California portalList of California wildfires October 2017 Northern California wildfires December 2017 Southern California wildfires Climate change in CaliforniaReferences Edit 2018 Incident Archive CAL FIRE 2020 Archived from the original on September 5 2020 Retrieved September 9 2020 2018 National Year to Date Report on Fires and Acres Burned PDF NIFC November 9 2018 Archived PDF from the original on December 30 2018 Retrieved November 9 2018 Southern Area Coordination Center Southern Area Coordination Center Retrieved July 7 2018 a b c Nic Querolo Brian K Sullivan October 29 2019 California Fire Damage Estimated at 25 4 Billion Bloomberg Retrieved September 11 2020 a b c J R Reed November 12 2019 A rising number of US companies are flagging wildfire risk as suppression costs climb CNBC Retrieved September 1 2020 a b c Reyes Velarde Alejandra January 11 2019 California s Camp fire was the costliest global disaster last year insurance report shows Los Angeles Times Retrieved January 15 2019 a b Emily Holland November 28 2018 6 Billion In Real Estate Destroyed In Woolsey Fire Report patch com Patch Media Retrieved September 1 2020 a b c d e f 2018 National Large Incident Year to Date Report PDF National Interagency Fire Center November 9 2018 Archived PDF from the original on July 25 2018 Retrieved November 9 2018 a b c d Woman toddler infant found dead at Central California wildfire scene Los Angeles Times June 5 2018 Retrieved July 5 2018 a b c Services set in Modesto for Cal Fire bulldozer operator killed fighting Ferguson fire The Modesto Bee Retrieved July 22 2018 a b Two Missing Kids Great Grandmother in Redding Found Dead Family NBC Bay Area Retrieved July 28 2018 a b Carr Fire kills two firefighters near Redding destroys 500 structures San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved July 28 2018 a b Second firefighter killed fighting Ferguson Fire officials confirm Fresno Bee Retrieved July 29 2018 a b PG amp E employee becomes seventh Carr Fire fatality Redding Record Searchlight Retrieved August 5 2018 a b Browning Kellen August 9 2018 Eighth person dies in relation to Carr Fire The Sacramento Bee Retrieved August 9 2018 a b Mendocino Complex Press Conference PDF Archived from the original PDF on August 14 2018 Retrieved August 14 2018 a b Nugent Ciara December 4 2018 Camp Fire Death Toll Lowered After Human Remains Were Mistakenly Sorted into Separate Bags Time Retrieved December 4 2018 2018 Incident Archive CAL FIRE 2020 Archived from the original on September 5 2020 Retrieved September 9 2020 2018 National Year to Date Report on Fires and Acres Burned PDF NIFC November 9 2018 Archived PDF from the original on December 30 2018 Retrieved November 9 2018 Southern Area Coordination Center Southern Area Coordination Center Retrieved July 7 2018 Berger Noah Elias Paul September 7 2018 California takes financial wallop from unrelenting wildfires Associated Press Retrieved September 8 2018 Governor Brown Announces Federal Approval of Presidential Major Disaster Declaration for Shasta County Governor Edmund G Brown Jr Archived from the original on August 5 2018 Retrieved August 5 2018 Jergler Don August 2 2018 Carr Fire Losses May Reach 1 5B in Likely Another Destructive Season for California Insurance Journal Retrieved August 29 2018 Siler Wes August 17 2018 The Economic Impact of Yosemite s Ferguson Fire Outside Online Retrieved August 29 2018 Beausang Hannah September 6 2018 Mendocino Complex wildfires cause 56 million of insured losses North Bay Business Journal Archived from the original on November 25 2018 Retrieved September 11 2018 California wildfire declared largest in state s history BBC News August 7 2018 Retrieved August 7 2018 a b Ranch Fire CAL FIRE August 28 2018 Archived from the original on August 12 2018 Retrieved August 29 2018 Michele Chandler September 11 2020 What we know Thursday about North State fires Elkhorn merges with August Complex to create 726K acre monster Redding com Redding Record Searchlight Retrieved September 11 2020 a b List of Missing in Camp Fire Down to 1 FOX40 Associated Press August 2 2019 Retrieved 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drying in 2012 2015 drought Nature Geoscience 12 8 632 637 doi 10 1038 s41561 019 0388 5 ISSN 1752 0908 S2CID 197402565 Axelson J Battles J Bulaon B Cluck D Cousins S Cox L Estes B Fettig C Hefty A Hishinuma S Hood S March 11 2019 The California Tree Mortality Data Collection Network Enhanced communication and collaboration among scientists and stakeholders California Agriculture 73 2 55 62 doi 10 3733 ca 2019a0001 ISSN 0008 0845 S2CID 91951190 Time Series U S Drought Monitor droughtmonitor unl edu Retrieved July 19 2021 Barth Molly A F Larson Andrew J Lutz James A October 15 2015 A forest reconstruction model to assess changes to Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest during the fire suppression era Forest Ecology and Management 354 104 118 doi 10 1016 j foreco 2015 06 030 ISSN 0378 1127 California wildfires will get worse in the future because of climate change experts say The Independent Archived from the original on May 1 2022 Retrieved August 1 2018 Assessing Extreme Weather Related Vulnerability and Identifying Resilience Options for California s Interdependent Transportation Fuel Sector PDF University of California Berkeley Center for Catastrophic Risk Management August 2018 Retrieved November 11 2018 Rogers Paul August 23 2020 California fires State feds agree to thin millions of acres of forests New plan would last 20 years reshaping California s landscape San Jose Mercury News Retrieved September 11 2020 Before the Gold Rush in 1849 large parts of California burned every few decades Lightning fires burned for months and native tribes burned the land clearing out dead vegetation Stephens the UC fire scientist estimates that before the Gold Rush roughly 4 5 million acres a year in California burned By the 1950s and 1960s that was down to about 250 000 acres a year Radeloff Volker C Helmers David P Kramer H Anu Mockrin Miranda H Alexandre Patricia M Bar Massada Avi Butsic Van Hawbaker Todd J Martinuzzi Sebastian Syphard Alexandra D Stewart Susan I March 27 2018 Rapid growth of the US wildland urban interface raises wildfire risk PNAS 115 13 3314 3319 Bibcode 2018PNAS 115 3314R doi 10 1073 pnas 1718850115 PMC 5879688 PMID 29531054 Wildfire Wildlands and People Understanding and Preparing for Wildfire in the Wildland Urban Interface PDF United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service January 2013 Retrieved August 7 2018 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Phillips Ari March 13 2018 We re Building Millions of Homes in the Line of Wildfires Gizmodo Retrieved November 9 2018 California Air Quality Air Now August 7 2018 Retrieved August 7 2018 Pleasant Fire CAL FIRE Archived from the original on June 28 2018 Retrieved February 18 2018 Moffat Fire CAL FIRE Archived from the original on June 28 2018 Retrieved April 20 2018 Nees Fire CAL FIRE Archived from the original on June 28 2018 Retrieved May 2 2018 Patterson Fire CAL FIRE Archived from the original on June 28 2018 Retrieved May 17 2018 Panoche Fire CAL FIRE June 7 2018 Archived from the original on August 3 2018 Retrieved August 3 2018 Apple Fire National Wildfire Coordinating Group June 13 2018 Archived from the original on July 5 2018 Retrieved July 5 2018 Airline Fire CAL FIRE June 14 2018 Archived from the original on July 5 2018 Retrieved July 5 2018 Apple Fire CAL FIRE June 14 2018 Archived from the original on July 5 2018 Retrieved July 5 2018 Chrome Fire CAL FIRE June 21 2018 Archived from the original on July 5 2018 Retrieved July 5 2018 Lions Fire National Wildfire Coordinating Group October 1 2018 Archived from the original on September 11 2018 Retrieved October 2 2018 Lions Fire CAL FIRE June 26 2018 Archived from the original on July 2 2018 Retrieved July 7 2018 Planada Fire CAL FIRE June 21 2018 Archived from the original on July 5 2018 Retrieved July 5 2018 Yankee Fire CAL FIRE July 1 2018 Archived from the original on July 5 2018 Retrieved July 5 2018 Lane Fire CAL FIRE June 27 2018 Archived from the original on June 28 2018 Retrieved July 5 2018 Pawnee Fire CAL FIRE July 8 2018 Archived from the original on June 28 2018 Retrieved July 9 2018 Creek Fire CAL FIRE July 4 2018 Archived from the original on July 5 2018 Retrieved July 5 2018 Waverly Fire CAL FIRE July 2 2018 Archived from the original on July 5 2018 Retrieved July 4 2018 County Fire CAL FIRE July 14 2018 Archived from the original on July 5 2018 Retrieved July 15 2018 Klamathon Fire CAL FIRE July 14 2018 Archived from the original on July 7 2018 Retrieved July 14 2018 Browning Kellen Brown Daniel July 6 2018 At least one dead as Klamathon Fire tops 9 600 acres remains state of emergency The Sacramento Bee Retrieved July 7 2018 Valley Fire Information National Wildfire Coordinating Group October 22 2018 Archived from the original on November 5 2018 Retrieved October 23 2018 Valley Fire CAL FIRE October 22 2018 Archived from the original on July 7 2018 Retrieved October 23 2018 Holiday Fire CAL FIRE July 13 2018 Archived from the original on July 12 2018 Retrieved July 13 2018 Nguyen Alexander July 7 2018 2 Fires Burning at Camp Pendleton 750 Homes Evacuated NBC Southern California Retrieved July 7 2018 Wheeler Brytani July 11 2018 3rd MAW supports firefighting operations at Camp Pendleton Marines Retrieved July 13 2018 West Fire CAL FIRE July 11 2018 Archived from the original on July 8 2018 Retrieved July 12 2018 Georges Fire CAL FIRE September 4 2018 Archived from the original on July 15 2018 Retrieved September 13 2018 Georges Fire National Wildfire Coordinating Group August 24 2018 Archived from the original on September 11 2018 Retrieved September 13 2018 Ferguson Fire National Wildfire Coordinating Group September 19 2018 Archived from the original on October 10 2018 Retrieved October 2 2018 Eagle Fire National Wildfire Coordinating Group July 15 2018 Archived from the original on July 16 2018 Retrieved July 16 2018 Natchez Fire National Wildfire Coordinating Group October 7 2018 Archived from the original on October 15 2018 Retrieved October 30 2018 Natchez Fire CAL FIRE October 30 2018 Retrieved November 8 2018 Carr Fire CAL FIRE August 30 2018 Archived from the original on July 28 2018 Retrieved August 31 2018 Cranston Fire National Wildfire Coordinating Group July 26 2018 Archived from the original on July 26 2018 Retrieved July 26 2018 Mendocino Complex Information National Wildfire Coordinating Group September 19 2018 Archived from the original on October 11 2019 Retrieved September 20 2018 River Fire CAL FIRE August 16 2018 Archived from the original on August 12 2018 Retrieved August 16 2018 Driscoll Curtis July 28 2018 Cal Fire renames River and Ranch fires the Mendocino Complex Fire Ukiah Daily Journal Retrieved July 28 2018 Whaleback Fire National Wildfire Coordinating Group July 28 2018 Archived from the original on July 29 2018 Retrieved July 28 2018 Butte Fire CAL FIRE August 3 2018 Archived from the original on August 13 2018 Retrieved August 3 2018 Donnell Fire Incident information National Wildfire Coordinating Group October 1 2018 Archived from the original on September 19 2018 Retrieved October 2 2018 Tarina Fire CAL FIRE August 3 2018 Archived from the original on August 12 2018 Retrieved August 3 2018 1 000 acre brush fire at Camp Pendleton fully contained CBS 8 August 5 2018 Retrieved August 6 2018 Turkey Fire National Wildfire Coordinating Group Archived from the original on August 13 2018 Retrieved August 7 2018 Vives Ruben Nelson Laura J Smith Doug August 12 2018 Firefighters gain upper hand on 22 700 acre Holy fire in Cleveland National Forest as containment rises to 41 Los Angeles Times Retrieved August 27 2018 Holy Fire National Wildfire Coordinating Group September 14 2018 Archived from the original on September 15 2018 Retrieved September 15 2018 Holy Fire CAL FIRE August 26 2018 Archived from the original on August 23 2018 Retrieved August 26 2018 Holy Fire Reignites Burns 150 Acres CBS Los Angeles August 28 2018 Retrieved August 29 2018 Five Fire General Information CAL FIRE August 8 2018 Archived from the original on August 13 2018 Retrieved August 13 2018 Hirz Fire National Wildfire Coordinating Group September 12 2018 Archived from the original on September 11 2018 Retrieved September 13 2018 Hat Fire CAL FIRE August 16 2018 Archived from the original on August 12 2018 Retrieved August 16 2018 Nelson Fire National Wildfire Coordinating Group Archived from the original on August 13 2018 Retrieved August 12 2018 Stone Fire National Wildfire Coordinating Group August 29 2018 Archived from the original on August 31 2018 Retrieved August 30 2018 Mill Creek 1 Fire National Wildfire Coordinating Group August 30 2018 Archived from the original on August 25 2018 Retrieved August 31 2018 Front Fire National Wildfire Coordinating Group August 29 2018 Archived from the original on September 2 2018 Retrieved September 2 2018 North Fire National Wildfire Coordinating Group September 16 2018 Archived from the original on September 11 2018 Retrieved September 16 2018 Boot Fire National Wildfire Coordinating Group September 15 2018 Archived from the original on September 11 2018 Retrieved September 16 2018 Kerlin Fire National Wildfire Coordinating Group September 17 2018 Archived from the original on September 9 2018 Retrieved September 17 2018 Delta Fire National Wildfire Coordinating Group October 7 2018 Archived from the original on September 19 2018 Retrieved October 7 2018 Snell Fire CAL FIRE September 15 2018 Archived from the original on September 9 2018 Retrieved September 16 2018 Charlie Fire CAL FIRE September 25 2018 Archived from the original on September 24 2018 Retrieved September 25 2018 Charlie Fire Incident Information National Wildfire Coordinating Group October 1 2018 Archived from the original on September 27 2018 Retrieved October 2 2018 Alder Mountaineer and Moses Fires National Wildfire Coordinating Group November 9 2018 Archived from the original on November 14 2018 Retrieved November 10 2018 Two Fires Start to Grow in Remote Areas of Sequoia National Park National Wildfire Coordinating Group November 21 2018 Archived from the original on November 24 2018 Retrieved November 23 2018 Eden Fire National Wildfire Coordinating Group November 24 2018 Archived from the original on November 20 2018 Retrieved November 24 2018 Branscombe Fire CAL FIRE November 9 2018 Archived from the original on October 10 2018 Retrieved November 9 2018 Hiland Susan October 9 2018 Branscombe Fire continues to burn through Suisun Marsh Fairfield Daily Republic Retrieved October 10 2018 Sun Fire CAL FIRE October 12 2018 Archived from the original on October 10 2018 Retrieved October 12 2018 Alder Mountaineer and Moses Fires National Wildfire Coordinating Group November 9 2018 Archived from the original on November 14 2018 Retrieved November 15 2018 Incident Information CAMP FIRE Cal Fire Archived from the original on December 7 2018 Retrieved November 22 2018 Five firefighters among dozen plus patients burned in Camp Fire November 15 2018 Nurse Fire CAL FIRE November 9 2018 Archived from the original on November 10 2018 Retrieved November 9 2018 Hill Fire CAL FIRE November 11 2018 Archived from the original on November 10 2018 Retrieved November 11 2018 Gonzales Ruby Cain Josh November 14 2018 Woolsey fire death toll increases to 3 body found in charred Agoura Hills home San Gabriel Valley Newspapers Retrieved November 14 2018 via The Mercury News Woolsey Fire CAL FIRE November 11 2018 Archived from the original on June 3 2019 Retrieved November 22 2018 Woolsey Fire Twitter November 8 2018 Retrieved November 8 2018 Gomez Mark June 5 2018 Three discovered dead in San Benito County wildfire The Mercury News Retrieved June 5 2018 Larson Amy June 5 2018 Mother baby toddler killed in San Benito County wildfire KSBW Retrieved June 5 2018 Carr Fire death toll climbs to six as crews gain some ground against massive blaze The Washington Post Retrieved July 29 2018 Camp Fire death toll hits 71 on eve of Trump s visit to California November 16 2018 via www sacbee com Cain Josh Gonzales Ruby November 14 2018 Woolsey fire death toll increases to 3 man s body found in charred Agoura Hills home The Mercury News Retrieved November 18 2018 Southern California Wildfire Relief California Community Foundation November 9 2018 Archived from the original on May 2 2019 Retrieved May 2 2019 Brodkin Jon August 21 2018 Verizon throttled fire department s unlimited data during Calif wildfire Ars Technica Retrieved August 24 2018 Brodkin Jon August 22 2018 Fire dept rejects Verizon s customer support mistake excuse for throttling Ars Technica Retrieved August 24 2018 External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2018 wildfires in California Current fire information Archived December 14 2017 at the Wayback Machine California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection CAL FIRE SDSC WiFire Interactive Map San Diego Supercomputer Center Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 2018 California wildfires amp oldid 1171855235, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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