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Gateway Region

January 19, 2024

The Gateway Region is the primary urbanized area of the northeastern section of New Jersey. It is anchored by Newark, the state's most populous city. It is part of the New York metropolitan area.

From upper left, clockwise: South Mountain Reservation in Essex County; the Palisades in Bergen County overlooking the George Washington Bridge; the west side of the Palisades seen from the Watchung Mountains approximately 13 miles (21 km) away; Exchange Place in Jersey City; the Meadowlands; the Chemical Coast

The area encompasses Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Passaic, Union and Middlesex counties. It is the most urban part of the state, with a population of more than four million, and is home to most of its larger cities, though much housing was originally developed as suburbs of neighbouring New York City.[1][2][3][4] It is home to Ellis Island, the "gateway" through which many immigrants entered the United States, many of whom chose to stay in the region, which continues to be the port of entry and first home to many born abroad, making it one of the most ethnically diverse of the nation. It may also be the most socio-economically diverse, with some of the biggest pockets of poverty and most exclusive of suburbs in the state.[5]

The designation Gateway Region has not caught on in local parlance, as the topography and self-identification of the residents tend not to correspond to the collective name. The terms North Jersey and Central Jersey are used in describing parts of the Gateway. The name may have been taken from the 1960s Newark nickname Gateway City after the newly developed Gateway Center downtown. Amtrak's high-speed rail project throughout the region is called Gateway. It is one of six tourism regions established by the New Jersey State Department of Tourism, the others being the Greater Atlantic City Region, the Southern Shore Region, the Delaware River Region, the Shore Region and the Skylands Region.[6] The Gateway National Recreation Area, though not located inside the Gateway Region, is nearby.

Geography edit

The Gateway Region is home to New Jersey's six largest municipalities: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, Woodbridge Township, and Edison. Major rivers and the bays include the Hudson River/Upper New York Bay, the Hackensack River and the Passaic River/Newark Bay, and the Raritan. The topography of the area is quite varied, with the Palisades and the Meadowlands in the northeast, the hills and valleys of the Watchung Mountains in the west, the Ramapo Mountains in the north, and tidal plains of the Raritan to the south. The confluence of the roads and railways of the Northeast Megalopolis make the region very heavily traveled. Chemical Coast is a nickname for the heavily industrial area along the Arthur Kill. Though there are broad distinctions between cities, suburbs, heavy industry, light manufacturing, recreational "green spaces", nature preserves, and retail, transportation, and maritime infrastructure, the landscape is characterized by their close proximity to each other, as is typical of urban sprawl.

History edit

Lenape and New Netherland edit

The Gateway Region was the territory of the Lenape Native Americans. Later called Delaware Indian, this collection of Algonquian-language speaking people included the Hackensack, Raritan, and Tappan. They are recalled in the countless number of place names given by them to towns, hills, and bodies of water. Much of the land was "purchased" by Dutch and English from the Lenape, though this concept of "ownership" was foreign to them. The Lenape retreated to the west as settlements grew, and "agreed" to re-locate in 1766 with the Treaty of Easton, though some became part of the Ramapough Mountain Indians.

Henry Hudson, an Englishman sailing for the Dutch East India Company anchored his ship the Halve Maen (Half Moon) at Sandy Hook and Weehawken Cove in 1609. The area became part of the colonial province of New Netherland with headquarters in New Amsterdam. In 1630 the patroonship Pavonia was established and 1660, after series of confrontations with the Lenape, that the first chartered village was established on the west bank of the North River at Bergen Square, creating the oldest municipality in the state. Descendants of the New Netherlanders spread across North Jersey, and influenced its development and character for generations.[7]

Colonial America edit

 
The Great Falls of the Passaic River in Paterson

When the English entered New York Harbor in 1664, a negotiated surrender (which guaranteed religious tolerance and protection of private property) was made to transfer control of the area to the British crown. Elizabethtown was founded as the capitol and became the first officially English-speaking settlement, named after the wife of the province's proprietor, Sir George Cateret. In 1666, Newark was established by Puritans from Connecticut. By 1675, the region become the proprietary colony of East Jersey (establishing a border with New York State, which was formalized in 1738). It was partitioned into four counties for administrative purposes: Bergen County, Essex County, Middlesex County and Monmouth County. Settlement remained sparse, though some towns were created within farming communities and along rivers and bays. Among them are Perth Amboy in 1684, Hackensack and Piscataway[8] in 1693, and New Brunswick in 1736 (which later became home to Rutgers University). During the 18th century, migration inland increased along the Horseneck Tract and Raritan Valley. Slavery and indenture were encouraged to populate the area. The third public reading of The Declaration of Independence took place in New Brunswick, but many East Jerseyans became Tories. Several battles of American Revolution took place in the region including those at Connecticut Farms, Bound Brook, and Paulus Hook.

Invention, industry and immigration edit

 
Ellis Island was the first stop for most immigrants from Europe
 
The Thomas Edison factory in West Orange

The first steam engine in America was introduced at the Schuyler Copper Mine on New Barbadoes Neck in 1755.[9] In 1791, Alexander Hamilton help found the Society for the Establishment of Useful Manufactures (S.U.M.), which encouraged the harnessing of the water power of the Great Falls of the Passaic and to secure economic independence from British manufacturers. Paterson, which was founded by the society, became the cradle of the industrial revolution in America, supported in part by the Morris Canal built in the 1820s. A century later Thomas Edison, the Wizard of Menlo Park, made his mark.[10] In 1872 the Singer Manufacturing Company of New York opened a factory in Elizabethport along Trumbull Street next to the intersection of the CNJ mainline with the Perth Amboy and Elizabethport Branch.[11] Many discoveries and inventions, or application or mass production of them, were made in the Gateway Region including the steam engine, the revolver, the incandescent light bulb, the phonograph, the rocket engine, and the electric railway. It is the site of the first automobile and first submarine in the United States. It can claim to the birthplace of baseball and the American film industry, Television to the home was first broadcast in the Gateway.[12]

The latter half of the 19th century saw an explosion of the population.[13][14] German immigration to the United States after 1848 gave the parts of the region a distinctly German flavor. Rail lines which still cross-cross the region, led to the development of the shipping industry at the North River (Hudson River), Newark Bay, and Kill van Kull, and the beginnings of suburban developments such as Llewellyn Park. Streetcar suburbs also began to develop elsewhere.

The Bayway Refinery, which started in 1907, is the nation's northernmost and is along the corridor with other heavy industry. It was at this time that the Chemical Coast began to be developed. The Paterson Silk Strike took place in 1913. The Hudson Waterfront became home to heavy industry and shipping. Among the industries that would prosper in the first half of the 20th century were Alcoa Aluminum, the Ford Motor Company, Lever Brothers, Valvoline Oil Co. and Archer-Daniels-Midland.[15]

World Wars edit

 
The Pulaski Skyway

While immigration to Ellis Island decreased the population continued to grow, in part due to the Great Migration. Upon entry into World War I, the US government took the Hamburg-American Line piers in Hoboken under eminent domain, which became the major point of embarkation for more than three million soldiers, known as "doughboys". Camp Merritt was established in Cresskill for troop staging.[16] In 1916, an act of sabotage literally and figuratively shook the region when German agents set off bombs at the munitions depot in New York Bay at Black Tom.[17] Another act of sabotage known as the Kingsland Explosion occurred on January 11, 1917.[18] The T. A. Gillespie Company Shell Loading Plant explosion, though not considered sabotage, also caused tremendous damage.

The forerunner of Port Authority of New York and New Jersey was established on April 30, 1921.[19] Huge transportation projects opened between the wars: The Holland Tunnel in 1927, The George Washington Bridge in 1931, The Bayonne Bridge in 1931, and The Lincoln Tunnel in 1937, allowing vehicular travel between New Jersey and New York City to bypass the waterfront. Hackensack River crossings, notably the Pulaski Skyway, were also built. Newark Airport was the first major airport in the New York Metropolitan Area, opening on October 1, 1928. At Houvenkopf Mountain crosses were burned by the Ku Klux Klan. Radburn was founded in 1929 as "a town for the motor age".[20][21] The Kearney Works of Western Electric kept the plant running with "make work" program,[22] similar to WPA projects.

The region played an important role in the World War II effort. PT boats were manufactured by Elco in Bayonne.[23] Military Ocean Terminal at Bayonne (MOTBY) was opened in 1942 as a U.S. military base (remained in operation until 1999).[24] General Motors produced planes at Linden Assembly.The Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company would produce over thirty ships before its closing in 1949.[25] In 1946, the baseball color line was first crossed at Roosevelt Stadium by Jackie Robinson.[26]

Post-war prosperity and urban decline edit

The Second Great Migration and the G.I. Bill changed the social geography as well as the physical geography of the Gateway. Planned and built during the 1950s Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal is the first and largest container port in the eastern United States. Direct distance dialing (DDD) was introduced on November 10, 1951 in Englewood[27] The northern parts of the New Jersey Turnpike were opened between 1952 and 1956. The metropolitan section (north of the Driscoll Bridge) of the Garden State Parkway was completed in 1957. Bergen Town Center was the first mall in New Jersey, opened in 1957, soon followed by Westfield Garden State Plaza.[28] and The Mall at Short Hills. Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal became the nation's first container terminal in 1958, and was for many years its busiest. The Newark Riots and the Plainfield Riots took place in 1967.

Pre- and post-millennium edit

The New Jersey Meadowlands Commission was established in 1969 to protect the delicate balance of nature, provide for orderly development, and manage solid waste activities in the New Jersey Meadowlands District, and the Meadowlands Sports Complex opened in 1976. Terminals A, B, and C at Newark Airport were completed in 1973.

People's Express later made the airport its major hub, increasing the airport's passenger volumes. Liberty State Park opened in 1976. Gentrification of the Hoboken and Downtown Jersey City nineteenth-century districts began in the late 1970s, which led to the eventual redevelopment of the Hudson Waterfront. Secaucus Junction, Midtown Direct, and the Hudson–Bergen Light Rail began service and changed local commuting patterns. The Highlands Water Protection and Planning Act was passed in 2004 to protect the watershed which supplies much of the region. Cory Booker became mayor of Newark in 2006. The Prudential Center opened in downtown Newark in 2007. American Dream Meadowlands, a large shopping and entertainment complex, opened on October 25, 2019.

Transportation edit

The Gateway Region has an extensive network of national highways, state freeways, and toll roads; commuter and long distance trains; an expanding light rail system; local and interstate bus routes; and is home to one of the New York/New Jersey metropolitan area's three major airports. Much of the rail and surface transit system is operated by New Jersey Transit and the high transit ridership is mostly oriented to commuters traveling to downtown Newark, lower and midtown Manhattan, and increasingly, the Hudson Waterfront. Outside of the most "city-like" areas of Greater Newark, Elizabeth, Hudson County, and Greater Paterson, the automobile remains the most common means of intra-regional travel.[29] The Port of New York and New Jersey is the busiest on the East Coast of the United States.

Rail edit

 
A train arriving at the upper level of Secaucus Junction station

Air edit

Commercial scheduled passenger service:

General aviation:

Hubs edit

 
Journal Square Transportation Center

Interstate crossings edit

Major highways edit

Water edit

 
Containers at Port Elizabeth

Seaports edit

The Port of New York and New Jersey is the nation's third busiest. Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal, was the first in the nation to containerize,[30] It and Port Jersey in Bayonne and Jersey City include large segments that are part of Foreign Trade Zone 49.

Media edit

The Gateway is part of the Greater New York media market.

Newspapers edit

Many communities have weekly local newspapers specific to their towns, while other daily newspapers have a broader readership and are commonly available in retail shops and for delivery. The following newspapers are daily newspapers serving the Gateway Region market.

Published in New Jersey edit

Published in New York edit

Television edit

The region has ethnic market stations as well as commercial stations that mainly address the metropolitan New York City market as a whole. The WNJN network for New Jersey PBS affiliate stations provide New Jersey-specific news coverage.

Television stations located in and broadcasting from Gateway:

Cable and satellite
VHF stations (analog)
VHF stations (digital)
  • Channel 8: WNJB (PBS) – New Brunswick – "N.J. Public Television"
UHF stations (analog)
UHF stations (digital)
  • Channel 40: WXTV (Univision) – Paterson (New York City)
  • Channel 53: WFUT-TV (Telefutura) – Newark (New York City)
  • Channel 61: WNET (PBS) – Newark (New York City)

Radio edit

Radio stations in the Gateway Region include:

Cuisine edit

Main article: Cuisine of New Jersey

Dialect edit

Main articles: New York City English and New Jersey English

Annual events edit

There are re-occurring events throughout the year in the Gateway including street fairs, First Nights, Summer stock theatre, county fairs, fireworks, and other festivals. Among them are:

Exhibitions and performances edit

Historic sites and exhibitions edit

The Gateway Region is home to many points of historical interest, including districts, private homes, places of worship, train stations, civic and industrial architecture, and structures of engineering significance. The Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island, and the Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal national symbols of mass immigration to the United States are all located on the Upper New York Bay. The Edison National Historic Site and the Great Falls of the Passaic River speak to the innovation of the region. Administered by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, the New Jersey Register of Historic Places mirrors the National Register of Historic Places, and uses the same criteria for eligibility. Most counties have historical societies and many municipalities assign historic designation or preservation status. The New Jersey Historical Society maintains archives and promotes research. There are also museums with thematic exhibitions.

Science and natural history edit

Visual arts edit

Music and stage edit

Located near New York City, many residents and visitors take advantage of and contribute to performances in music, theater, and dance. There are many theater and dance companies throughout the region. Major companies, events, and performance venues include:

 
Prudential Center
 
The New Jersey Performing Arts Center
 
Kasser Theater

Sport teams and venues edit

See also: List of New York metropolitan area sports teams

The Gateway is home to five teams from major professional sports leagues playing in the state (though three teams identify as being from New York), as well as minor league teams. Since the 1970s several new stadiums and arenas have been built mostly near Downtown Newark or as part of the Meadowlands Sports Complex, which since 2009 can be reached with the Meadowlands Rail Line.[40]

The teams are:

The venues include:

Nature and outdoor recreation edit

Environmental centers edit

 
Meadowlands Environment Center

Horticulture edit

 
Presby Memorial Iris Gardens

National natural landmarks edit

Parks, reserves, and forests edit

 
Branch Brook Park during the Cherry Blossom Festival

Zoos edit

State prisons edit

Superfund sites edit

The region has some of the highest concentration of super fund sites in the nation.[47]

Further information: List of Superfund sites in New Jersey

Universities and colleges edit

 
Dickson Hall (left)and University Hall (right) at Montclair State University
 
Old Queens, the oldest building at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, built between 1809 and 1825
 
Stevens Institute

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ New-Jersey Towns Growing Up at the Expense of New-York. - View Article - NYTimes.com
  2. ^ NEW SUBURBAN ERA DAWNING IN JERSEY - Tunnels, Bridges, and Railroad Improvements Broadening the Commuting Area. - View Article - NYTimes.com
  3. ^ THE NEW-JERSEY SUBURBS. - How New-York is Extending on the West Side of the Hudson-Some Interesting Facts as to the Growth of New-Jersey Near the City New-York. - View Article...
  4. ^ The Favorable Locations Described. - Jersey City And Environs. Elizabeth. Linden. Plainfield. Route Of The New-Jersey Railroad. On The Morris And Essex Railroad. On The Erie R...
  5. ^ . Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved 2011-01-27.
  6. ^ "Visitor Information - Regional Tourism". from the original on 2009-08-20.
  7. ^ Voorhees, David William (2009). "The Dutch Legacy in America". Dutch New York:The Roots of Hudson Valley Culture. Yonkers, New York: Fordham University Press, with Hudson River Museum. ISBN 978-0-8232-3039-6.
  8. ^ The area was first settled in 1666 by Quakers and Baptists who had left the Puritan colony in New Hampshire. Cheslow, Jerry. " If You're Thinking of Living in: Piscataway", The New York Times, June 28, 1992. Retrieved June 28, 2007.
  9. ^ No. 1085: The First American Steam Engine January 16, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ History of Northern New Jersey from Rt23.com February 2, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ . Archived from the original on 2008-10-11. Retrieved 2009-04-21.
  12. ^ UCLA Film and Television Archive Television Programs Preserved 1988 - 2000. University of California, Los Angeles. Retrieved February 18, 2007. January 3, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ . Archived from the original on 2007-12-19. Retrieved 2009-04-26.
  14. ^ . University of Virginia Library. Archived from the original on 2009-12-06. Retrieved 2007-03-02.
  15. ^ Hall, Edgewater, p. 28 and pp. 33-37
  16. ^ Camp Merritt Accessed May 6, 2009. December 29, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  17. ^ Black Tom Info from New Jersey City University Accessed May 6, 2009. December 5, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ Kingsland Explosion Accessed May 6, 2009. August 19, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ Port Authority Accessed May 6, 2009. August 4, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ History from the Radburn Association website June 10, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 16, 2011. Retrieved 2011-11-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  22. ^ . www.porticus.org. Archived from the original on January 27, 2011.
  23. ^ Elco Accessed May 6, 2009. April 16, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  24. ^ MOTBY Accessed May 6, 2009. April 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  25. ^ Kearny Yard. May 24, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  26. ^ Roosevelt Stadium December 25, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  27. ^ 1951: First Direct-Dial Transcontinental Telephone Call, AT&T. Accessed June 8, 2007. "Nov. 10, 1951: Mayor M. Leslie Downing of Englewood, N.J., picked up a telephone and dialed 10 digits. Eighteen seconds later, he reached Mayor Frank Osborne in Alameda, Calif. The mayors made history as they chatted in the first customer-dialed long-distance call, one that introduced area codes." "AT&T Labs Research | AT&T". from the original on June 20, 2007. Retrieved 2016-08-28.
  28. ^ Karsian, Dillon. "Garden State Plaza Reshaped Landscape."[permanent dead link], Shopping Center World, May 1, 1999. Accessed October 20, 2007. "Having undergone periodic renovations and expansions since its spring 1957 debut as an open-air center, the property today stands in the superregional class."[dead link]
  29. ^ Newark-Hudson Rail Mass Transit Map[dead link]
  30. ^ Doig, Jameson W. (2001). "Epilogue". Empire on the Hudson. Columbia University Press.
  31. ^ German American Volkvest November 23, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  32. ^ Briggs, David; "'I was looking at him and I couldn't see color'" 2007-11-09 at the Wayback Machine Stories on the Passion Play controversy at passionplayusa.net 2008-05-13 at the Wayback Machine
  33. ^ Exhibit
  34. ^ Yogi Berra Museum February 10, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  35. ^ George Street Playhouse[dead link]
  36. ^ *http://www.newjerseyballet.org May 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  37. ^ *New Jersey Youth Symphony 2009-04-16 at the Wayback Machine
  38. ^ http://www.parkpac.org/
  39. ^ UCPAC opening April 17, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  40. ^ HBLR/Meadowlands Rail map June 5, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  41. ^ *Flat Rock Brook Nature Center (Englewood, New Jersey) April 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  42. ^ Department of Environmental Protection May 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  43. ^ *Meadowlands Environment Center December 18, 2002, at the Wayback Machine
  44. ^ * Hartshorn Arboretum February 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  45. ^ Greenwood Gardens, a historic public garden of Short Hills, New Jersey December 15, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  46. ^ Meadowlands Environment Center December 18, 2002, at the Wayback Machine
  47. ^ "These are the most toxic places in Northeastern New Jersey". 15 November 2016.

External links edit

  • The Hub of New Jersey: The Gateway Region
  • Gateway Region Tourism Council[permanent dead link]
  • New Jersey Festivals

40°48′N 74°12′W / 40.8°N 74.2°W / 40.8; -74.2

January 19, 2024
gateway, region, this, article, uses, bare, urls, which, uninformative, vulnerable, link, please, consider, converting, them, full, citations, ensure, article, remains, verifiable, maintains, consistent, citation, style, several, templates, tools, available, a. This article uses bare URLs which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting such as reFill documentation and Citation bot documentation September 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Gateway Region is the primary urbanized area of the northeastern section of New Jersey It is anchored by Newark the state s most populous city It is part of the New York metropolitan area From upper left clockwise South Mountain Reservation in Essex County the Palisades in Bergen County overlooking the George Washington Bridge the west side of the Palisades seen from the Watchung Mountains approximately 13 miles 21 km away Exchange Place in Jersey City the Meadowlands the Chemical Coast The area encompasses Bergen Essex Hudson Passaic Union and Middlesex counties It is the most urban part of the state with a population of more than four million and is home to most of its larger cities though much housing was originally developed as suburbs of neighbouring New York City 1 2 3 4 It is home to Ellis Island the gateway through which many immigrants entered the United States many of whom chose to stay in the region which continues to be the port of entry and first home to many born abroad making it one of the most ethnically diverse of the nation It may also be the most socio economically diverse with some of the biggest pockets of poverty and most exclusive of suburbs in the state 5 The designation Gateway Region has not caught on in local parlance as the topography and self identification of the residents tend not to correspond to the collective name The terms North Jersey and Central Jersey are used in describing parts of the Gateway The name may have been taken from the 1960s Newark nickname Gateway City after the newly developed Gateway Center downtown Amtrak s high speed rail project throughout the region is called Gateway It is one of six tourism regions established by the New Jersey State Department of Tourism the others being the Greater Atlantic City Region the Southern Shore Region the Delaware River Region the Shore Region and the Skylands Region 6 The Gateway National Recreation Area though not located inside the Gateway Region is nearby Contents 1 Geography 2 History 2 1 Lenape and New Netherland 2 2 Colonial America 2 3 Invention industry and immigration 2 4 World Wars 2 5 Post war prosperity and urban decline 2 6 Pre and post millennium 3 Transportation 3 1 Rail 3 2 Air 3 3 Hubs 3 4 Interstate crossings 3 5 Major highways 3 6 Water 3 7 Seaports 4 Media 4 1 Newspapers 4 1 1 Published in New Jersey 4 1 2 Published in New York 4 2 Television 4 3 Radio 5 Cuisine 6 Dialect 7 Annual events 8 Exhibitions and performances 8 1 Historic sites and exhibitions 8 2 Science and natural history 8 3 Visual arts 8 4 Music and stage 9 Sport teams and venues 10 Nature and outdoor recreation 10 1 Environmental centers 10 2 Horticulture 10 3 National natural landmarks 10 4 Parks reserves and forests 10 5 Zoos 11 State prisons 12 Superfund sites 13 Universities and colleges 14 See also 15 References 16 External linksGeography editThe Gateway Region is home to New Jersey s six largest municipalities Newark Jersey City Paterson Elizabeth Woodbridge Township and Edison Major rivers and the bays include the Hudson River Upper New York Bay the Hackensack River and the Passaic River Newark Bay and the Raritan The topography of the area is quite varied with the Palisades and the Meadowlands in the northeast the hills and valleys of the Watchung Mountains in the west the Ramapo Mountains in the north and tidal plains of the Raritan to the south The confluence of the roads and railways of the Northeast Megalopolis make the region very heavily traveled Chemical Coast is a nickname for the heavily industrial area along the Arthur Kill Though there are broad distinctions between cities suburbs heavy industry light manufacturing recreational green spaces nature preserves and retail transportation and maritime infrastructure the landscape is characterized by their close proximity to each other as is typical of urban sprawl History editLenape and New Netherland edit The Gateway Region was the territory of the Lenape Native Americans Later called Delaware Indian this collection of Algonquian language speaking people included the Hackensack Raritan and Tappan They are recalled in the countless number of place names given by them to towns hills and bodies of water Much of the land was purchased by Dutch and English from the Lenape though this concept of ownership was foreign to them The Lenape retreated to the west as settlements grew and agreed to re locate in 1766 with the Treaty of Easton though some became part of the Ramapough Mountain Indians Henry Hudson an Englishman sailing for the Dutch East India Company anchored his ship the Halve Maen Half Moon at Sandy Hook and Weehawken Cove in 1609 The area became part of the colonial province of New Netherland with headquarters in New Amsterdam In 1630 the patroonship Pavonia was established and 1660 after series of confrontations with the Lenape that the first chartered village was established on the west bank of the North River at Bergen Square creating the oldest municipality in the state Descendants of the New Netherlanders spread across North Jersey and influenced its development and character for generations 7 Colonial America edit nbsp The Great Falls of the Passaic River in PatersonWhen the English entered New York Harbor in 1664 a negotiated surrender which guaranteed religious tolerance and protection of private property was made to transfer control of the area to the British crown Elizabethtown was founded as the capitol and became the first officially English speaking settlement named after the wife of the province s proprietor Sir George Cateret In 1666 Newark was established by Puritans from Connecticut By 1675 the region become the proprietary colony of East Jersey establishing a border with New York State which was formalized in 1738 It was partitioned into four counties for administrative purposes Bergen County Essex County Middlesex County and Monmouth County Settlement remained sparse though some towns were created within farming communities and along rivers and bays Among them are Perth Amboy in 1684 Hackensack and Piscataway 8 in 1693 and New Brunswick in 1736 which later became home to Rutgers University During the 18th century migration inland increased along the Horseneck Tract and Raritan Valley Slavery and indenture were encouraged to populate the area The third public reading of The Declaration of Independence took place in New Brunswick but many East Jerseyans became Tories Several battles of American Revolution took place in the region including those at Connecticut Farms Bound Brook and Paulus Hook Invention industry and immigration edit nbsp Ellis Island was the first stop for most immigrants from Europe nbsp The Thomas Edison factory in West OrangeThe first steam engine in America was introduced at the Schuyler Copper Mine on New Barbadoes Neck in 1755 9 In 1791 Alexander Hamilton help found the Society for the Establishment of Useful Manufactures S U M which encouraged the harnessing of the water power of the Great Falls of the Passaic and to secure economic independence from British manufacturers Paterson which was founded by the society became the cradle of the industrial revolution in America supported in part by the Morris Canal built in the 1820s A century later Thomas Edison the Wizard of Menlo Park made his mark 10 In 1872 the Singer Manufacturing Company of New York opened a factory in Elizabethport along Trumbull Street next to the intersection of the CNJ mainline with the Perth Amboy and Elizabethport Branch 11 Many discoveries and inventions or application or mass production of them were made in the Gateway Region including the steam engine the revolver the incandescent light bulb the phonograph the rocket engine and the electric railway It is the site of the first automobile and first submarine in the United States It can claim to the birthplace of baseball and the American film industry Television to the home was first broadcast in the Gateway 12 The latter half of the 19th century saw an explosion of the population 13 14 German immigration to the United States after 1848 gave the parts of the region a distinctly German flavor Rail lines which still cross cross the region led to the development of the shipping industry at the North River Hudson River Newark Bay and Kill van Kull and the beginnings of suburban developments such as Llewellyn Park Streetcar suburbs also began to develop elsewhere The Bayway Refinery which started in 1907 is the nation s northernmost and is along the corridor with other heavy industry It was at this time that the Chemical Coast began to be developed The Paterson Silk Strike took place in 1913 The Hudson Waterfront became home to heavy industry and shipping Among the industries that would prosper in the first half of the 20th century were Alcoa Aluminum the Ford Motor Company Lever Brothers Valvoline Oil Co and Archer Daniels Midland 15 World Wars edit nbsp The Pulaski SkywayWhile immigration to Ellis Island decreased the population continued to grow in part due to the Great Migration Upon entry into World War I the US government took the Hamburg American Line piers in Hoboken under eminent domain which became the major point of embarkation for more than three million soldiers known as doughboys Camp Merritt was established in Cresskill for troop staging 16 In 1916 an act of sabotage literally and figuratively shook the region when German agents set off bombs at the munitions depot in New York Bay at Black Tom 17 Another act of sabotage known as the Kingsland Explosion occurred on January 11 1917 18 The T A Gillespie Company Shell Loading Plant explosion though not considered sabotage also caused tremendous damage The forerunner of Port Authority of New York and New Jersey was established on April 30 1921 19 Huge transportation projects opened between the wars The Holland Tunnel in 1927 The George Washington Bridge in 1931 The Bayonne Bridge in 1931 and The Lincoln Tunnel in 1937 allowing vehicular travel between New Jersey and New York City to bypass the waterfront Hackensack River crossings notably the Pulaski Skyway were also built Newark Airport was the first major airport in the New York Metropolitan Area opening on October 1 1928 At Houvenkopf Mountain crosses were burned by the Ku Klux Klan Radburn was founded in 1929 as a town for the motor age 20 21 The Kearney Works of Western Electric kept the plant running with make work program 22 similar to WPA projects The region played an important role in the World War II effort PT boats were manufactured by Elco in Bayonne 23 Military Ocean Terminal at Bayonne MOTBY was opened in 1942 as a U S military base remained in operation until 1999 24 General Motors produced planes at Linden Assembly The Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company would produce over thirty ships before its closing in 1949 25 In 1946 the baseball color line was first crossed at Roosevelt Stadium by Jackie Robinson 26 Post war prosperity and urban decline edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it May 2009 The Second Great Migration and the G I Bill changed the social geography as well as the physical geography of the Gateway Planned and built during the 1950s Port Newark Elizabeth Marine Terminal is the first and largest container port in the eastern United States Direct distance dialing DDD was introduced on November 10 1951 in Englewood 27 The northern parts of the New Jersey Turnpike were opened between 1952 and 1956 The metropolitan section north of the Driscoll Bridge of the Garden State Parkway was completed in 1957 Bergen Town Center was the first mall in New Jersey opened in 1957 soon followed by Westfield Garden State Plaza 28 and The Mall at Short Hills Port Newark Elizabeth Marine Terminal became the nation s first container terminal in 1958 and was for many years its busiest The Newark Riots and the Plainfield Riots took place in 1967 Pre and post millennium edit This section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed May 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it January 2009 The New Jersey Meadowlands Commission was established in 1969 to protect the delicate balance of nature provide for orderly development and manage solid waste activities in the New Jersey Meadowlands District and the Meadowlands Sports Complex opened in 1976 Terminals A B and C at Newark Airport were completed in 1973 People s Express later made the airport its major hub increasing the airport s passenger volumes Liberty State Park opened in 1976 Gentrification of the Hoboken and Downtown Jersey City nineteenth century districts began in the late 1970s which led to the eventual redevelopment of the Hudson Waterfront Secaucus Junction Midtown Direct and the Hudson Bergen Light Rail began service and changed local commuting patterns The Highlands Water Protection and Planning Act was passed in 2004 to protect the watershed which supplies much of the region Cory Booker became mayor of Newark in 2006 The Prudential Center opened in downtown Newark in 2007 American Dream Meadowlands a large shopping and entertainment complex opened on October 25 2019 Transportation editThe Gateway Region has an extensive network of national highways state freeways and toll roads commuter and long distance trains an expanding light rail system local and interstate bus routes and is home to one of the New York New Jersey metropolitan area s three major airports Much of the rail and surface transit system is operated by New Jersey Transit and the high transit ridership is mostly oriented to commuters traveling to downtown Newark lower and midtown Manhattan and increasingly the Hudson Waterfront Outside of the most city like areas of Greater Newark Elizabeth Hudson County and Greater Paterson the automobile remains the most common means of intra regional travel 29 The Port of New York and New Jersey is the busiest on the East Coast of the United States Rail edit nbsp A train arriving at the upper level of Secaucus Junction stationAirTrain monorail system connecting Newark Liberty International Airport EWR with Amtrak and New Jersey Transit trains Amtrak Northeast Corridor stations at Newark Penn Station NWK Newark Liberty International Airport EWR New Brunswick and Metropark Hudson Bergen Light Rail HBLR serving Bayonne Jersey City Hoboken and North Hudson at the Weehawken waterfront Bergenline Union City West New York and Tonnele Ave North Bergen Newark City Subway Newark Light Rail serving downtown Newark Branch Brook Park Belleville and Bloomfield New Jersey Transit Hoboken Division Main Line to Suffern and in partnership with MTA Metro North express service to Port Jervis Bergen County Line and jointly with MTA Metro North Pascack Valley Line limited AM inbound and PM outbound service all via Secaucus Junction Montclair Boonton Line and Morris and Essex Lines with some service via Secaucus Junction as Midtown Direct North Jersey Coast Line limited service as Waterfront Connection Raritan Valley Line limited service New Jersey Transit Newark Division Northeast Corridor Line North Jersey Coast Line Raritan Valley Line PATH 24 hour rapid transit system serving Newark Penn Station NWK Journal Square JSQ Downtown Jersey City Hoboken Terminal HOB midtown Manhattan 33rd along 6th Ave to Herald Square Pennsylvania Station and World Trade Center WTC THE Tunnel see article for details on recent development Air edit Commercial scheduled passenger service Newark Liberty Airport EWR New Jersey s largest airport LaGuardia Airport LGA in Flushing Queens John F Kennedy Airport JFK on Jamaica Bay in QueensGeneral aviation Essex County Airport Greenwood Lake Airport Passaic County Linden Airport Teterboro Airport Hackensack Meadowlands Old Bridge Airport Little Ferry Seaplane BaseHubs edit nbsp Journal Square Transportation CenterBergenline Station Paterson Broadway Bus Terminal Hackensack Bus Transfer Hoboken Terminal Exchange Place Jersey City Journal Square Transportation Center Newark Broad Street Station Newark Liberty International Airport Newark Penn Station Secaucus JunctionInterstate crossings edit Bayonne Bridge to Staten Island Goethals Bridge in Elizabeth to Staten Island Interstate 278 Staten Island Expressway Holland Tunnel in Jersey City to Lower Manhattan Interstate 78 U S Route 1 9 Lincoln Tunnel in Weehawken to Midtown Manhattan NJ 495 Route 3 George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee to Upper Manhattan Palisades Interstate Parkway U S Route 46 Interstate 95 Interstate 80 Outerbridge Crossing from Perth Amboy to Staten IslandMajor highways edit Garden State Parkway Interstate 78 278 Interstate 80 280 New Jersey Turnpike Interstate 95 New Jersey Route 3 495 formerly Interstate 495 New Jersey Route 17 Palisades Parkway Pulaski SkywayWater edit nbsp Containers at Port ElizabethNY Waterway operates ferry service from Paulus Hook Ferry Terminal Hoboken Terminal Weehawken Port Imperial Edgewater Landing and other ferry slips in Jersey City Hoboken Weehawken to Battery Park City Ferry Terminal at World Financial Center and Pier 11 at Wall Street in lower Manhattan and to West Midtown Ferry Terminal in midtown Manhattan where free transfer is available to a variety of loop buses From Liberty State Park Hornblower Cruises operates ferries the Statue of Liberty National Monument Ellis Island and Liberty Island and Liberty Water Taxi runs routes to Paulus Hook and World Financial Center Cape Liberty Cruise Port in Bayonne is one of three passenger terminals in the Port of New York and New Jersey Seaports edit The Port of New York and New Jersey is the nation s third busiest Port Newark Elizabeth Marine Terminal was the first in the nation to containerize 30 It and Port Jersey in Bayonne and Jersey City include large segments that are part of Foreign Trade Zone 49 Media editThe Gateway is part of the Greater New York media market Newspapers edit Many communities have weekly local newspapers specific to their towns while other daily newspapers have a broader readership and are commonly available in retail shops and for delivery The following newspapers are daily newspapers serving the Gateway Region market Published in New Jersey edit Herald News Home News Tribune The Jersey Journal The Record The Star LedgerPublished in New York edit New York Daily News El Diario La Prensa New York Post The New York TimesTelevision edit The region has ethnic market stations as well as commercial stations that mainly address the metropolitan New York City market as a whole The WNJN network for New Jersey PBS affiliate stations provide New Jersey specific news coverage Television stations located in and broadcasting from Gateway Cable and satelliteCNBC TEMPO NetworksVHF stations analog Channel 9 WWOR TV My Network TV Secaucus New York City Channel 13 WNET PBS Newark New York City VHF stations digital Channel 8 WNJB PBS New Brunswick N J Public Television UHF stations analog Channel 34 WPXO LD low power i East Orange Channel 39 WDVB CA The Pentagon Channel Edison Channel 41 WXTV Univision Paterson New York City Channel 47 WNJU Telemundo Linden Channel 50 WNJN PBS Montclair N J Public Television Channel 58 WNJB PBS Newark N J Public Television Channel 68 WFUT TV Telefutura Newark New York City UHF stations digital Channel 40 WXTV Univision Paterson New York City Channel 53 WFUT TV Telefutura Newark New York City Channel 61 WNET PBS Newark New York City Radio edit Radio stations in the Gateway Region include 620 WSNR Jersey City 930 WPAT Paterson Ethnic programming 970 WNYM Hackensack 1430 WNSW Newark 1450 WCTC New Brunswick talk radio 1530 WJDM Elizabeth and 97 5 Jersey City Spanish programming 1660 WWRU Jersey City Korean programming 88 3 WBGO Newark Jazz Newark Public Radio 88 7 WPSC FM Wayne William Paterson University indie hip hop 88 7 WRSU New Brunswick freeform 89 1 WFDU Teaneck Fairleigh Dickenson University eclectic music 90 3 WMSC Montclair Montclair State College indie eclectic 90 3 WVPH Piscataway freeform 91 1 WFMU East Orange freeform 93 1 WPAT FM Paterson Spanish contemporary 94 7 WXBK Newark Hip hop music 95 9 WYNE LP Wayne Christian programming 98 3 WMGQ New Brunswick adult contemporary 99 1 WAWZ Zarepath Christian contemporary music 100 3 WHTZ Newark pop music 105 9 WQXR Newark public radio Cuisine editMain article Cuisine of New JerseyDialect editMain articles New York City English and New Jersey EnglishAnnual events editThere are re occurring events throughout the year in the Gateway including street fairs First Nights Summer stock theatre county fairs fireworks and other festivals Among them are All Points West Music amp Arts Festival The Bamboozle Black Maria Film Festival Cherry Blossom Festival in Branch Brook Park Cuban Parade of New Jersey Philippine Fiesta at Meadowlands Exposition Center Geraldine R Dodge Poetry Festival German American Volksfest 31 Hambletonian the first leg of the Trotting Triple Crown at Meadowlands Racetrack Hoboken Film Festival Hudson County Film and Video Festival Hudson River Waterfront Marathon Hungarian Festival Jersey City Pride Macy s Fireworks Spectacular on Independence Day Newark Black Film Festival New Jersey Jewish Film Festival spring New Jersey Film Festival New Jersey Independent South Asian Cine Fest New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association New Jersey Folk Festival Passion Play at Park Theater 32 Portugal Day Festival also known as Portugal Day Feast or Chop Fest Rutgers Agricultural Field Day Santakrusan Procession State Fair MeadowlandsExhibitions and performances editHistoric sites and exhibitions edit The Gateway Region is home to many points of historical interest including districts private homes places of worship train stations civic and industrial architecture and structures of engineering significance The Statue of Liberty Ellis Island and the Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal national symbols of mass immigration to the United States are all located on the Upper New York Bay The Edison National Historic Site and the Great Falls of the Passaic River speak to the innovation of the region Administered by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection the New Jersey Register of Historic Places mirrors the National Register of Historic Places and uses the same criteria for eligibility Most counties have historical societies and many municipalities assign historic designation or preservation status The New Jersey Historical Society maintains archives and promotes research There are also museums with thematic exhibitions Statue of Liberty National Monument Ellis Island and Liberty Island Afro American Historical and Cultural Society Museum American Labor Museum Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart Aviation Hall of Fame and Museum of New Jersey Fort Lee Historic Park Hoboken Historical Museum Lambert Castle Museum Jewish Museum of New Jersey 33 Thomas Alva Edison Memorial Tower and Museum Maywood Station Museum Museum of African American Music under construction New Bridge Landing New Jersey Naval Museum Paterson Museum at Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center 34 Whippany Railway Museum National Register of Historic Places listings in Hudson County New Jersey National Register of Historic Places listings in Bergen County New Jersey National Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County New Jersey National Register of Historic Places listings in Passaic County New Jersey National Register of Historic Places listings in Union County New Jersey National Register of Historic Places listings in Middlesex County New JerseyScience and natural history edit AIDS Museum Liberty Science Center Nature Center amp Observatory at Rifle Camp Park Newark Museum New Jersey Museum of Agriculture Rutgers University Geology Museum William Miller Sperry ObservatoryVisual arts edit Albus Cavus Bergen Museum of Art and Science Clifton Arts Center amp Sculpture Park Hiram Blauvelt Wildlife Art Museum Jane Voorhees Zimmerli Art Museum Jersey City Museum Jewish Museum of New Jersey Montclair Art Museum Newark Museum Visual Arts Center of New Jersey Norton and Nancy Dodge Collection of Soviet Nonconformist ArtMusic and stage edit Located near New York City many residents and visitors take advantage of and contribute to performances in music theater and dance There are many theater and dance companies throughout the region Major companies events and performance venues include nbsp Prudential Center nbsp The New Jersey Performing Arts Center nbsp Kasser TheaterBergen Performing Arts Center DeBaun Center for Performing Arts Stephen J Capestro Theatre George Street Playhouse 35 Hudson River Performing Arts Center proposed Kasser Theater Loew s Jersey Theater Maxwell s New Jersey Ballet 36 New Jersey Performing Arts Center New Jersey Youth Symphony 37 New Jersey Youth Symphony Shakespeare Theatre of New Jersey at nearby Drew University Newark Symphony Hall Paper Mill Playhouse Park Performing Arts Center 38 Premiere Stages Players Guild of Leonia Prudential Center nicknamed the Rock Meadowlands Stadium and Meadowlands Arena State Theater Union City Performing Arts Center 39 Union County Arts Center William Carlos Williams Center for the Performing ArtsSport teams and venues editSee also List of New York metropolitan area sports teams The Gateway is home to five teams from major professional sports leagues playing in the state though three teams identify as being from New York as well as minor league teams Since the 1970s several new stadiums and arenas have been built mostly near Downtown Newark or as part of the Meadowlands Sports Complex which since 2009 can be reached with the Meadowlands Rail Line 40 The teams are National Hockey League New Jersey Devils Major League Soccer New York Red Bulls Major League Lacrosse New Jersey Pride and Bergen River Dogs National Football League New York Giants and New York Jets Great Lakes Indoor Football League New Jersey Revolution Minor League Baseball teams New Jersey Jackals Newark Bears and Bergen Cliff Hawks Major Indoor Soccer League 2001 2008 New Jersey IronmenThe venues include Bergen Ballpark at the Meadowlands proposed at American Dream Meadowlands MetLife Stadium Meadowlands Racetrack Izod Center commonly called Meadowlands Arena Riverfront Stadium Prudential Center nicknamed the Rock Red Bull Arena South Mountain ArenaNature and outdoor recreation editEnvironmental centers edit nbsp Meadowlands Environment CenterFlat Rock Brook Nature Center 41 Liberty State Park Interpretive Center 42 Meadowlands Environment Center 43 Nature Center amp Observatory at Rifle Camp Park Tenafly Nature Center Trailside Nature amp Science Center Cora Hartshorn Arboretum and Bird Sanctuary Closter Nature Center James A McFaul Environmental Center Wyckoff Lorrimer Sanctuary Franklin Lakes Weis Ecology Center Ringwood Horticulture edit nbsp Presby Memorial Iris GardensBranch Brook Park Cherry Blossom Festival Cora Hartshorn Arboretum and Bird Sanctuary 44 Durand Hedden House and Garden New Jersey State Botanical Garden Skylands Ringwood State Park Presby Memorial Iris Gardens Montclair Reeves Reed Arboretum Summit Rutgers Gardens Rutgers University New Brunswick Howard Van Vleck Arboretum Montclair Florence and Robert Zuck Arboretum Drew University Madsion Greenwood Gardens 45 National natural landmarks edit Great Falls Garret Mountain Great Swamp Palisades of the Hudson Pigeon Swamp State Park Riker Hill Fossil SiteParks reserves and forests edit nbsp Branch Brook Park during the Cherry Blossom FestivalBergen Parks Hudson Parks Essex Parks Middlesex Parks Union Parks Watchung Mountain Reservations Branch Brook Park Cheesequake State Park Eagle Rock Reservation De Korte Park 46 Gateway National Recreation Area at Sandy Hook Garret Mountain Reservation Hackensack RiverWalk Middlesex Greenway Trail part of the planned East Coast Greenway trail High Mountain Park Preserve Hudson River Waterfront Walkway Liberty State Park Lincoln Park West Bergen Mills Reservation New Jersey Meadowlands Commission Palisades Interstate Park Ramapo Mountain State Forest Ringwood Manor State Park South Mountain Reservation Wawayanda State Park Weequahic ParkZoos edit Bergen County Zoological Park Newark Museum Turtle Back ZooState prisons editRahway State Prison Northern State PrisonSuperfund sites editThe region has some of the highest concentration of super fund sites in the nation 47 Further information List of Superfund sites in New Jersey Kin Buc Landfill Middlesex Sampling PlantUniversities and colleges edit nbsp Dickson Hall left and University Hall right at Montclair State UniversityBergen Community College Berkeley College Bloomfield College Caldwell College Essex County College Fairleigh Dickinson University Felician College Gibbs College Hudson County Community College nbsp Old Queens the oldest building at Rutgers University in New Brunswick built between 1809 and 1825Kean University Middlesex County College Montclair State University New Brunswick Theological Seminary New Jersey City University New Jersey Institute of Technology Passaic County Community College Ramapo College Raritan Valley Community College nbsp Stevens InstituteRutgers University Saint Peter s University Seton Hall University Stevens Institute of Technology Union County College University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey William Paterson UniversitySee also editNew York metropolitan area Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Tri State Region North Jersey Shared Assets Area North Jersey Regions of New JerseyReferences edit New Jersey Towns Growing Up at the Expense of New York View Article NYTimes com NEW SUBURBAN ERA DAWNING IN JERSEY Tunnels Bridges and Railroad Improvements Broadening the Commuting Area View Article NYTimes com THE NEW JERSEY SUBURBS How New York is Extending on the West Side of the Hudson Some Interesting Facts as to the Growth of New Jersey Near the City New York View Article The Favorable Locations Described Jersey City And Environs Elizabeth Linden Plainfield Route Of The New Jersey Railroad On The Morris And Essex Railroad On The Erie R This Land is Your Land This Land is My Land TIME Archived from the original on November 6 2012 Retrieved 2011 01 27 Visitor Information Regional Tourism Archived from the original on 2009 08 20 Voorhees David William 2009 The Dutch Legacy in America Dutch New York The Roots of Hudson Valley Culture Yonkers New York Fordham University Press with Hudson River Museum ISBN 978 0 8232 3039 6 The area was first settled in 1666 by Quakers and Baptists who had left the Puritan colony in New Hampshire Cheslow Jerry If You re Thinking of Living in Piscataway The New York Times June 28 1992 Retrieved June 28 2007 No 1085 The First American Steam Engine Archived January 16 2011 at the Wayback Machine History of Northern New Jersey from Rt23 com Archived February 2 2011 at the Wayback Machine SINGER SEWING CO History Archived from the original on 2008 10 11 Retrieved 2009 04 21 UCLA Film and Television Archive Television Programs Preserved 1988 2000 University of California Los Angeles Retrieved February 18 2007 Archived January 3 2011 at the Wayback Machine New Jersey Resident Population by County 1880 1930 Archived from the original on 2007 12 19 Retrieved 2009 04 26 Geostat Center Historical Census Browser University of Virginia Library Archived from the original on 2009 12 06 Retrieved 2007 03 02 Hall Edgewater p 28 and pp 33 37 Camp Merritt Accessed May 6 2009 Archived December 29 2010 at the Wayback Machine Black Tom Info from New Jersey City University Accessed May 6 2009 Archived December 5 2010 at the Wayback Machine Kingsland Explosion Accessed May 6 2009 Archived August 19 2010 at the Wayback Machine Port Authority Accessed May 6 2009 Archived August 4 2008 at the Wayback Machine History from the Radburn Association website Archived June 10 2011 at the Wayback Machine Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on July 16 2011 Retrieved 2011 11 20 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Western Electric History www porticus org Archived from the original on January 27 2011 Elco Accessed May 6 2009 Archived April 16 2010 at the Wayback Machine MOTBY Accessed May 6 2009 Archived April 15 2011 at the Wayback Machine Kearny Yard Archived May 24 2011 at the Wayback Machine Roosevelt Stadium Archived December 25 2010 at the Wayback Machine 1951 First Direct Dial Transcontinental Telephone Call AT amp T Accessed June 8 2007 Nov 10 1951 Mayor M Leslie Downing of Englewood N J picked up a telephone and dialed 10 digits Eighteen seconds later he reached Mayor Frank Osborne in Alameda Calif The mayors made history as they chatted in the first customer dialed long distance call one that introduced area codes AT amp T Labs Research AT amp T Archived from the original on June 20 2007 Retrieved 2016 08 28 Karsian Dillon Garden State Plaza Reshaped Landscape permanent dead link Shopping Center World May 1 1999 Accessed October 20 2007 Having undergone periodic renovations and expansions since its spring 1957 debut as an open air center the property today stands in the superregional class dead link Newark Hudson Rail Mass Transit Map dead link Doig Jameson W 2001 Epilogue Empire on the Hudson Columbia University Press German American Volkvest Archived November 23 2010 at the Wayback Machine Briggs David I was looking at him and I couldn t see color Archived 2007 11 09 at the Wayback Machine Stories on the Passion Play controversy at passionplayusa net Archived 2008 05 13 at the Wayback Machine Exhibit Yogi Berra Museum Archived February 10 2011 at the Wayback Machine George Street Playhouse dead link http www newjerseyballet org Archived May 27 2007 at the Wayback Machine New Jersey Youth Symphony Archived 2009 04 16 at the Wayback Machine http www parkpac org UCPAC opening Archived April 17 2010 at the Wayback Machine HBLR Meadowlands Rail map Archived June 5 2011 at the Wayback Machine Flat Rock Brook Nature Center Englewood New Jersey Archived April 15 2011 at the Wayback Machine Department of Environmental Protection Archived May 17 2011 at the Wayback Machine Meadowlands Environment Center Archived December 18 2002 at the Wayback Machine Hartshorn Arboretum Archived February 7 2011 at the Wayback Machine Greenwood Gardens a historic public garden of Short Hills New Jersey Archived December 15 2010 at the Wayback Machine Meadowlands Environment Center Archived December 18 2002 at the Wayback Machine These are the most toxic places in Northeastern New Jersey 15 November 2016 External links editThe Hub of New Jersey The Gateway Region Gateway Region Tourism Council permanent dead link New Jersey Festivals 40 48 N 74 12 W 40 8 N 74 2 W 40 8 74 2 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gateway Region amp oldid 1192706186, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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