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Bihor County

March 20, 2023

For the former county in the Kingdom of Hungary, see Bihar County. For the Indian State, see Bihar.

Bihor County (Romanian pronunciation: [biˈhor] (listen)) is a county (județ) in western Romania. With a total area of 7,544 km2 (2,913 sq mi), Bihor is Romania's 6th largest county geographically and the main county in the historical region of Crișana. Its capital city is Oradea.

Bihor County
Județul Bihor
County
Oradea, capital of Bihor County
Coat of arms
Location of Bihor County in Romania
Country Romania
Historic regionCrișana
Capital city (Reședință de județ)Oradea
Government
 • TypeCounty Board
 • President of the County BoardIlie Bolojan (PNL)
 • Prefect2Dumitru Țiplea
Area
 • Total7,544 km2 (2,913 sq mi)
 • Rank6th in Romania
Highest elevation
1,849 m (6,066 ft)
Lowest elevation
89 m (292 ft)
Population
 (2011 census[1])
 • Total575,398
 • Rank11th in Romania
 • Density76/km2 (200/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal Code
41wxyz3
Area code+40 x594
ISO 3166 codeRO-BH
Car PlatesBH5
GDPUS$4.048 billion (2015)
GDP per CapitaUS$7,037 (2015)
WebsiteCounty Board
1The developing regions of Romania have no administrative role. They were formed to attract funds from the European Union[citation needed]
2 as of 2007, the Prefect is not a politician, but a civil servant. He (or she) is not allowed to be a member of a political party, and is banned from any political activity in the first six months after the resignation (or firing) from the civil service
3w, x, y, and z are digits that indicate the city, the street, part of the street, or even the building of the address
4x is a digit indicating the operator: 2 for the former national operator, Romtelecom, and 3 for the other ground telephone networks
5used on both the plates of the vehicles that operate only in the county limits (like utility vehicles, ATVs, etc.), and the ones used outside the county

Toponymy

The origin of the name Bihor is uncertain, except that it likely takes its name from an ancient fortress in the current commune of Biharia. It possibly came from vihor, the Serbian and Ukrainian word for "whirlwind" (вихор), or Slavic biela hora, meaning "white mountain".[citation needed] Another theory is that Biharea is of Daco-Thracian etymology (bi meaning "two" and harati "take" or "lead"), possibly meaning two possessions of land in the Duchy of Menumorut. Another theory is that the name comes from bour, the Romanian term for aurochs (from the Latin word bubalus). The animal once inhabited the lands of northwestern Romania. Under this controversial theory, the name changed from buar to buhar and to Bihar and Bihor.[2]

Demographics

A 2020 estimate put the population of Bihor County at 616,246, with a population density of 81.7/km2 (212/sq mi). 51.1% of its population lives in urban areas, lower than the Romanian average.[3]

Ethnic composition as of the 2011 census
Ethnicity[4] Total
Romanians 66.96% 66.96
 
Hungarians 25.27% 25.27
 
Roma 6.33% 6.33
 
Slovaks 1.1% 1.1
 
Germans (Sathmar Swabians) 0.13% 0.13
 

By religion

99.4% of the county's population are Christian[5] and of these:

Year County population[6][7]
1948 536,323  
1956 574,488  
1966 586,460  
1977 633,094  
1992 634,093  
2002 600,246  
2011 575,398  
2022 TBD

Geography

 
The Cucurbăta Mare, the highest peak in the Bihor Mountains

This county has a total area of 7,544 km2 (2,913 sq mi). In the eastern side of the county there are the Apuseni Mountains, with the highest peak being the Cucurbăta Mare (also known as the Bihor Peak), at 1,849 m (6,066 ft). The heights decrease westwards, passing through the hills an ending in the Romanian Western Plain – the eastern side of the Pannonian plain.

The county is mainly the Criș hydrographic basin with the rivers Crișul Repede, Crișul Negru, and Barcău the main rivers.

Neighbours

 

History

Prior to World War I, the territory of the county belonged to Austria-Hungary and mostly was contained in the Bihar County of the Kingdom of Hungary. The territory of Bihor County was transferred to Romania from Hungary as successor state to Austria-Hungary in 1920 under the Treaty of Trianon. After the administrative unification law in 1925, the name of the county remained as it was, but the territory was reorganized.[citation needed]

In 1938, King Carol II promulgated a new Constitution, and subsequently he had the administrative division of the Romanian territory changed. 10 ținuturi (approximate translation: "lands") were created (by merging the counties) to be ruled by rezidenți regali (approximate translation: "Royal Residents") - appointed directly by the King - instead of the prefects. Bihor County became part of Ținutul Crișuri.[citation needed]

In 1940, part of the county was transferred back to Hungary with the rest of Northern Transylvania under the Second Vienna Award. Beginning in 1944, Romanian forces with Soviet assistance recaptured the ceded territory and reintegrated it into Romania. Romanian jurisdiction over the entire county per the Treaty of Trianon was reaffirmed in the Paris Peace Treaties, 1947. The county was disestablished by the communist government of Romania in 1950, and re-established in 1968 when Romania restored the county administrative system.[citation needed]

Economy

Bihor is one of the wealthiest counties in Romania, with a GDP per capita well above the national average. Recently, the economy has been driven by a number of construction projects. Bihor has the lowest unemployment rate in Romania and among the lowest in Europe, with only 2.4% unemployment, compared to Romania's average of 5.1%.

The predominant industries in the county are:

  • Textile industry.
  • Food and beverages industry.
  • Mechanical components industry.
  • Metallurgy.

In the west side of the county there are mines for extracting coal and bauxite. Crude oil is also extracted.

Tourism

The main tourist attractions in the county are:

Coat of arms

The coat of arms of Bihor County was adopted in 1998, and is a quarterly shield featuring a castle (for the Castle of Bihar), five wheat stalks with a ribbon, and a scroll with the text of Deșteaptă-te, române!, covered with a fess featuring three fish. It was subject to redesign in 2013 after it was discovered by a local teacher that the text on the scroll was erroneously written in Greek, rather than Cyrillic (the original alphabet used to write the poem's text) or the Latin alphabet. The county has no significant history with Greece.[8]

Politics

The Bihor County Council, renewed at the 2020 local elections, consists of 34 counsellors, with the following party composition:[9]

    Party Seats Current County Council
  National Liberal Party (PNL) 22                                            
  Democratic Alliance of Hungarians (UDMR/RMDSZ) 6                                            
  Social Democratic Party (PSD) 6                                            

Administrative divisions

See also: Oradea metropolitan area
 
Oradea
 
Marghita
 
Salonta
 
Beiuș

Bihor County has four municipalities, six towns, and 91 communes.

Municipalities

Towns

Communes

Historical county

Județul Bihor
County (Județ)
 
The Bihor County Prefecture building from the interwar period used until 1920.
 
Coat of arms
 
Country  Romania
Historic regionCrișana
Capital city (Reședință de județ)Oradea
Area
 • Total7,467 km2 (2,883 sq mi)
Population
 (1930)
 • Total510,318
 • Density68/km2 (180/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)

Administration

The territory of the county was divided into eleven districts (plăși)[10]

  1. Plasa Aleşd (comprising 41 villages, headquartered at Aleşd)
  2. Plasa Beiuș (comprising 62 villages, headquartered at Beiuș)
  3. Plasa Beliu (comprising 30 villages, headquartered at Beliu)
  4. Plasa Ceica (comprising 47 villages, headquartered at Ceica)
  5. Plasa Centrală (comprising 40 villages, headquartered at Oradea)
  6. Plasa Marghita (comprising 43 villages, headquartered at Marghita)
  7. Plasa Săcueni (comprising 11 villages, headquartered at Săcueni)
  8. Plasa Sălard (comprising 28 villages, headquartered at Sălard)
  9. Plasa Tileagd (comprising 28 villages, headquartered at Tileagd)
  10. Plasa Tinca (comprising 26 villages, headquartered at Tinca)
  11. Plasă Vașcău (comprising 44 villages, headquartered at Vașcău)

Within Bihor County there were three urban localities: Oradea (also known as Oradea Mare, the county seat) and urban communes Salonta and Beiuş.

Population

According to the 1930 census data, the county population was 510,318, ethnically divided among Romanians (61.6%), Hungarians (30.0%), Jews (4.3%), Czechs and Slovaks (2.2%), as well as other minorities. By language the county was divided among Romanian (61.4%), Hungarian (33.8%), Czech (2.0%), Yiddish (1.5%), as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the population consisted of Eastern Orthodox (49.8%), Reformed (21.0%), Greek Catholics (10.7%), Roman Catholics (10.4%), Jews (5.4%), Baptists (2.2%), as well as other minorities.[11]

Urban population

The county's urban population consisted of 102,277 inhabitants, 54.8% Hungarians, 26.4% Romanians, 15.4% Jews, 1% Germans, as well as other minorities. As a mother tongue in the urban population, Hungarian (67.9%) predominated, followed by Romanian (24.9%), Yiddish (4.3%), German (1.2%) as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population consisted of 31.5% Reformed, 20.6% Jewish, 19.3% Roman Catholic, 17.5% Eastern Orthodox, 9.1% Greek Catholic, 1.1% Lutheran, as well as other minorities.[11]

 
Map of Bihor County as constituted in 1938.

References

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bihor County.
  1. ^ (in Romanian). INSSE. 5 July 2013. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
  2. ^ "Numele Bihorului. Etimologie şi controverse". Oradea Mea. 23 July 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  3. ^ "Profil administrativ-teritorial - Consiliul Județean Bihor". Consiliul Județean Bihor (in Romanian). from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  4. ^ . Archived from the original on 18 January 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  5. ^ Romania and Bihor County Census, 2002, (in Hungarian) [1]
  6. ^ National Institute of Statistics, "Populația la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992, 2002 și 2011" 22 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ "Populația Județului Bihor la 1 Ianuarie 2020" [Bihor county population as of January 1, 2020] (PDF). National Institute of Statistics (Romania) (in Romanian). 11 February 2022. (PDF) from the original on 11 February 2022.
  8. ^ Totorean, Adriana (23 April 2013). "Blazon greşit: Stema judeţului Bihor va fi refăcută, deoarece conţine un detaliu penibil". Ebihoreanul (in Romanian). Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  9. ^ "Rezultatele finale ale alegerilor locale din 2020" (Json) (in Romanian). Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  10. ^ Portretul României Interbelice - Județul Bihor
  11. ^ a b Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 550-556

Coordinates: 47°04′20″N 21°55′16″E / 47.0722°N 21.9211°E / 47.0722; 21.9211

March 20, 2023
bihor, county, former, county, kingdom, hungary, bihar, county, indian, state, bihar, romanian, pronunciation, biˈhor, listen, county, județ, western, romania, with, total, area, bihor, romania, largest, county, geographically, main, county, historical, region. For the former county in the Kingdom of Hungary see Bihar County For the Indian State see Bihar Bihor County Romanian pronunciation biˈhor listen is a county județ in western Romania With a total area of 7 544 km2 2 913 sq mi Bihor is Romania s 6th largest county geographically and the main county in the historical region of Crișana Its capital city is Oradea Bihor County Județul BihorCountyOradea capital of Bihor CountyCoat of armsLocation of Bihor County in RomaniaCountry RomaniaHistoric regionCrișanaCapital city Reședință de județ OradeaGovernment TypeCounty Board President of the County BoardIlie Bolojan PNL Prefect2Dumitru ȚipleaArea Total7 544 km2 2 913 sq mi Rank6th in RomaniaHighest elevation1 849 m 6 066 ft Lowest elevation89 m 292 ft Population 2011 census 1 Total575 398 Rank11th in Romania Density76 km2 200 sq mi Time zoneUTC 2 EET Summer DST UTC 3 EEST Postal Code41wxyz3Area code 40 x594ISO 3166 codeRO BHCar PlatesBH5GDPUS 4 048 billion 2015 GDP per CapitaUS 7 037 2015 WebsiteCounty BoardCounty Prefecture1The developing regions of Romania have no administrative role They were formed to attract funds from the European Union citation needed 2 as of 2007 the Prefect is not a politician but a civil servant He or she is not allowed to be a member of a political party and is banned from any political activity in the first six months after the resignation or firing from the civil service3w x y and z are digits that indicate the city the street part of the street or even the building of the address4x is a digit indicating the operator 2 for the former national operator Romtelecom and 3 for the other ground telephone networks5used on both the plates of the vehicles that operate only in the county limits like utility vehicles ATVs etc and the ones used outside the county Contents 1 Toponymy 2 Demographics 2 1 By religion 3 Geography 3 1 Neighbours 4 History 5 Economy 6 Tourism 7 Coat of arms 8 Politics 9 Administrative divisions 10 Historical county 10 1 Administration 10 2 Population 10 2 1 Urban population 11 ReferencesToponymy EditThe origin of the name Bihor is uncertain except that it likely takes its name from an ancient fortress in the current commune of Biharia It possibly came from vihor the Serbian and Ukrainian word for whirlwind vihor or Slavic biela hora meaning white mountain citation needed Another theory is that Biharea is of Daco Thracian etymology bi meaning two and harati take or lead possibly meaning two possessions of land in the Duchy of Menumorut Another theory is that the name comes from bour the Romanian term for aurochs from the Latin word bubalus The animal once inhabited the lands of northwestern Romania Under this controversial theory the name changed from buar to buhar and to Bihar and Bihor 2 Demographics EditA 2020 estimate put the population of Bihor County at 616 246 with a population density of 81 7 km2 212 sq mi 51 1 of its population lives in urban areas lower than the Romanian average 3 Ethnic composition as of the 2011 census Ethnicity 4 TotalRomanians 66 96 66 96 Hungarians 25 27 25 27 Roma 6 33 6 33 Slovaks 1 1 1 1 Germans Sathmar Swabians 0 13 0 13 By religion Edit 99 4 of the county s population are Christian 5 and of these Romanian Orthodox 59 7 Reformed 18 1 Catholic 11 5 Roman Catholic 9 2 Greek Catholic 2 3 Pentecostal 5 7 Baptists 3 7 Adventist 0 3 Year County population 6 7 1948 536 323 1956 574 488 1966 586 460 1977 633 094 1992 634 093 2002 600 246 2011 575 398 2022 TBDGeography Edit The Cucurbăta Mare the highest peak in the Bihor Mountains This county has a total area of 7 544 km2 2 913 sq mi In the eastern side of the county there are the Apuseni Mountains with the highest peak being the Cucurbăta Mare also known as the Bihor Peak at 1 849 m 6 066 ft The heights decrease westwards passing through the hills an ending in the Romanian Western Plain the eastern side of the Pannonian plain The county is mainly the Criș hydrographic basin with the rivers Crișul Repede Crișul Negru and Barcău the main rivers Neighbours Edit AB AR AG BC BH BN BT BV BR BZ CS CL CJ CT CV DB DJ GL GR GJ HR HD IL IS IF MM MH MS NT OT PH SM SJ SB SV TR TM TL VS VL VN B Sălaj County Cluj County and Alba County in the East Hungary in the West Hajdu Bihar County and Bekes County Satu Mare County in the North Arad County in the South History EditPrior to World War I the territory of the county belonged to Austria Hungary and mostly was contained in the Bihar County of the Kingdom of Hungary The territory of Bihor County was transferred to Romania from Hungary as successor state to Austria Hungary in 1920 under the Treaty of Trianon After the administrative unification law in 1925 the name of the county remained as it was but the territory was reorganized citation needed In 1938 King Carol II promulgated a new Constitution and subsequently he had the administrative division of the Romanian territory changed 10 ținuturi approximate translation lands were created by merging the counties to be ruled by rezidenți regali approximate translation Royal Residents appointed directly by the King instead of the prefects Bihor County became part of Ținutul Crișuri citation needed In 1940 part of the county was transferred back to Hungary with the rest of Northern Transylvania under the Second Vienna Award Beginning in 1944 Romanian forces with Soviet assistance recaptured the ceded territory and reintegrated it into Romania Romanian jurisdiction over the entire county per the Treaty of Trianon was reaffirmed in the Paris Peace Treaties 1947 The county was disestablished by the communist government of Romania in 1950 and re established in 1968 when Romania restored the county administrative system citation needed Economy EditBihor is one of the wealthiest counties in Romania with a GDP per capita well above the national average Recently the economy has been driven by a number of construction projects Bihor has the lowest unemployment rate in Romania and among the lowest in Europe with only 2 4 unemployment compared to Romania s average of 5 1 The predominant industries in the county are Textile industry Food and beverages industry Mechanical components industry Metallurgy In the west side of the county there are mines for extracting coal and bauxite Crude oil is also extracted Tourism EditThe main tourist attractions in the county are The city of Oradea The Apuseni Mountains The Stana de Vale Resort and the Iada valley The Caves around Padiș and on the Sighiștel River Valley The Bear s Cave Băile Felix Resort Coat of arms EditThe coat of arms of Bihor County was adopted in 1998 and is a quarterly shield featuring a castle for the Castle of Bihar five wheat stalks with a ribbon and a scroll with the text of Deșteaptă te romane covered with a fess featuring three fish It was subject to redesign in 2013 after it was discovered by a local teacher that the text on the scroll was erroneously written in Greek rather than Cyrillic the original alphabet used to write the poem s text or the Latin alphabet The county has no significant history with Greece 8 Politics EditThe Bihor County Council renewed at the 2020 local elections consists of 34 counsellors with the following party composition 9 Party Seats Current County Council National Liberal Party PNL 22 Democratic Alliance of Hungarians UDMR RMDSZ 6 Social Democratic Party PSD 6 Administrative divisions EditSee also Oradea metropolitan area Oradea Marghita Salonta Beiuș Bihor County has four municipalities six towns and 91 communes Municipalities Beiuș Marghita Oradea capital city 196 367 as of 2011 SalontaTowns Aleșd Nucet Săcueni Ștei Valea lui Mihai VașcăuCommunes Abram Aștileu Aușeu Avram Iancu Balc Batăr Biharia Boianu Mare Borod Borș Bratca Brusturi Budureasa Buduslău Bulz Buntești Căbești Campani Căpalna Cărpinet Cefa Ceica Cetariu Cherechiu Chișlaz Ciumeghiu Cociuba Mare Copăcel Criștioru de Jos Curățele Curtuișeni Derna Diosig Dobresti Drăgănești Drăgești Finiș Gepiu Girișu de Criș Hidiselu de Sus Holod Husasău de Tinca Ineu Lăzăreni Lazuri de Beiuș Lugașu de Jos Lunca Mădăras Măgești Nojorid Olcea Oșorhei Paleu Petreu Pietroasa Pocola Pomezeu Popești Răbăgani Remetea Rieni Roșia Roșiori Sambăta Saniob Sannicolau Roman Sanmartin Santandrei Sarbi Săcădat Sălacea Sălard Spinuș Suplacu de Barcău Șimian Șinteu Șoimi Șuncuiuș Tămășeu Tărcaia Tarcea Tăuteu Tileagd Tinca Toboliu Tulca Țețchea Uileacu de Beiuș Vadu Crișului Varciorog ViișoaraHistorical county EditJudețul BihorCounty Județ The Bihor County Prefecture building from the interwar period used until 1920 Coat of arms Country RomaniaHistoric regionCrișanaCapital city Reședință de județ OradeaArea Total7 467 km2 2 883 sq mi Population 1930 Total510 318 Density68 km2 180 sq mi Time zoneUTC 2 EET Summer DST UTC 3 EEST Administration Edit The territory of the county was divided into eleven districts plăși 10 Plasa Alesd comprising 41 villages headquartered at Alesd Plasa Beiuș comprising 62 villages headquartered at Beiuș Plasa Beliu comprising 30 villages headquartered at Beliu Plasa Ceica comprising 47 villages headquartered at Ceica Plasa Centrală comprising 40 villages headquartered at Oradea Plasa Marghita comprising 43 villages headquartered at Marghita Plasa Săcueni comprising 11 villages headquartered at Săcueni Plasa Sălard comprising 28 villages headquartered at Sălard Plasa Tileagd comprising 28 villages headquartered at Tileagd Plasa Tinca comprising 26 villages headquartered at Tinca Plasă Vașcău comprising 44 villages headquartered at Vașcău Within Bihor County there were three urban localities Oradea also known as Oradea Mare the county seat and urban communes Salonta and Beius Population Edit According to the 1930 census data the county population was 510 318 ethnically divided among Romanians 61 6 Hungarians 30 0 Jews 4 3 Czechs and Slovaks 2 2 as well as other minorities By language the county was divided among Romanian 61 4 Hungarian 33 8 Czech 2 0 Yiddish 1 5 as well as other minorities From the religious point of view the population consisted of Eastern Orthodox 49 8 Reformed 21 0 Greek Catholics 10 7 Roman Catholics 10 4 Jews 5 4 Baptists 2 2 as well as other minorities 11 Urban population Edit The county s urban population consisted of 102 277 inhabitants 54 8 Hungarians 26 4 Romanians 15 4 Jews 1 Germans as well as other minorities As a mother tongue in the urban population Hungarian 67 9 predominated followed by Romanian 24 9 Yiddish 4 3 German 1 2 as well as other minorities From the religious point of view the urban population consisted of 31 5 Reformed 20 6 Jewish 19 3 Roman Catholic 17 5 Eastern Orthodox 9 1 Greek Catholic 1 1 Lutheran as well as other minorities 11 Map of Bihor County as constituted in 1938 References Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bihor County Population at 20 October 2011 in Romanian INSSE 5 July 2013 Archived from the original on 26 December 2018 Retrieved 9 July 2013 Numele Bihorului Etimologie si controverse Oradea Mea 23 July 2011 Retrieved 21 October 2017 Profil administrativ teritorial Consiliul Județean Bihor Consiliul Județean Bihor in Romanian Archived from the original on 12 April 2021 Retrieved 11 February 2022 Recensamantul Populatiei si Locuintelor 2011 Populația stabilă după etnie județe municipii orașe comune Archived from the original on 18 January 2016 Retrieved 12 July 2013 Romania and Bihor County Census 2002 in Hungarian 1 National Institute of Statistics Populația la recensămintele din anii 1948 1956 1966 1977 1992 2002 și 2011 Archived 22 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine Populația Județului Bihor la 1 Ianuarie 2020 Bihor county population as of January 1 2020 PDF National Institute of Statistics Romania in Romanian 11 February 2022 Archived PDF from the original on 11 February 2022 Totorean Adriana 23 April 2013 Blazon gresit Stema judeţului Bihor va fi refăcută deoarece conţine un detaliu penibil Ebihoreanul in Romanian Retrieved 21 October 2017 Rezultatele finale ale alegerilor locale din 2020 Json in Romanian Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă Retrieved 2 November 2020 Portretul Romaniei Interbelice Județul Bihor a b Recensămantul general al populației Romaniei din 29 decemvrie 1930 Vol II pag 550 556 Coordinates 47 04 20 N 21 55 16 E 47 0722 N 21 9211 E 47 0722 21 9211 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bihor County amp oldid 1137720880, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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