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Satu Mare County

March 20, 2023

Satu Mare County (Romanian: Județul Satu Mare, pronounced [ˌsatu ˈmare]) is a county (județ) of Romania, on the border with Hungary and Ukraine. The capital city is Satu Mare.

Satu Mare County
Județul Satu Mare
County
Coat of arms
Coordinates: 47°41′N 22°53′E / 47.69°N 22.89°E / 47.69; 22.89Coordinates: 47°41′N 22°53′E / 47.69°N 22.89°E / 47.69; 22.89
CountryRomania
Development regionNord-Vest
Historical regionCrișana, Maramureș
CapitalSatu Mare
Area
 • Total4,418 km2 (1,706 sq mi)
 • Rank36th
Population
 (2011)
 • Total329,079
 • Rank31st
 • Density74/km2 (190/sq mi)
Telephone code(+40) 261 or (+40) 361[1]
ISO 3166 codeRO-SM
GDP (nominal)US$ 2.150 billion (2015)
GDP per capitaUS$ 6,533 (2015)
WebsiteCounty Council
Prefecture

Name

In Hungarian, it is known as Szatmár megye, in German as Kreis Sathmar, in Ukrainian as Сату-Маре, and in Slovak as Satmárska župa.

Demographics

Satu Mare is a multicultural city, with a population mix of Romanian, Hungarian, Roma, German, and other ethnicities.

In 2002, Satu Mare County had a population of 367,281 and the population density was 83/km2 (210/sq mi).[2][3]

In 2011, its population was 329,079 and population density was 74.48/km2 (192.9/sq mi).[2][4]

Hungarians mostly reside along the border with Hungary, but some are also scattered throughout the whole county. Historically, Hungarians were concentrated in the cities, where administration resides, while the Romanian population was larger in the villages throughout the county. In 1930, the Hungarians represented 41.9% of the urban population in Satu Mare County and only 20.0% of the population in the villages according to census data.[5] The proportion of different ethnic groups varied throughout history, due to regime and political changes. After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, the Hungarian population increased its proportion greatly, in 1880 representing 44.4% and in 1910 reaching 55.1% of the county population, according to Árpád E. Varga.[6] After World War I the Hungarian and German population declined.

Year County population Romanians Hungarians Germans
1880[7] 194,326 76,668 95,681 13,449
1890 216,158 85,663 114,836 14,030
1900 245,855 93,591 138,086 12,165
1910 267,310 92,264 166,369 6,709
1920 262,937 124,476 81,242 34,982
1930[5] 294,875 178,523 74,191 9,530
1948[8] 312,672
1956 337,531 180,930 145,880 3,588
1966 359,393
1977 393,840
1992 400,789
2002 367,281
2004 371,759
2007 366,270

Geography

Satu Mare County has a total area of 4,418 square kilometres (1,706 sq mi).

In the north are the Oaș Mountains, part of the Eastern Carpathians. This makes up around 17% of the area. The remainder is hills, forming 20% of the area, and plains. The western part of the county takes up the Eastern part of the Pannonian Plain.

The county is crossed by the Someș River, the Tur River, and Crasna River.

The county lies partly in the historical region of Maramureș and partly in the historical region of Crișana.

Neighbours

 

Satu Mare County, together with the Bihor, Bistrița-Năsăud, Cluj, Maramureș, and Sălaj counties, constitute the Nord-Vest development region of Romania. The county is a member of the Carpathian Euroregion.

Economy

Satu Mare County benefits from its position, close to the border of Romania with Hungary and Ukraine, and it is one of the places which attracts foreign investment in industry and agriculture.

The predominant industries in the county are:

  • Textiles industry;
  • Machine and automotive components;
  • Food industry;
  • Wood and furniture industry.

Tourism

The main tourist attractions in the county are:

Politics

The Satu Mare County Council, renewed at the 2020 local elections, consists of 32 counsellors, with the following party composition:[9]

    Party Seats Current Council
  Democratic Alliance of Hungarians (UDMR/RMDSZ) 15                              
  National Liberal Party (PNL) 10                              
  Social Democratic Party (PSD) 5                              
  People's Movement Party (PMP) 2                              

Administrative divisions

 
Satu Mare (German: Sathmar)
 
The Karolyi castle, Carei

Satu Mare County has 2 municipalities, 4 towns, and 59 communes:

Historical county

Județul Satu Mare
County (Județ)
 
Satu Mare County prefecture building during the interwar period.
 
Coat of arms
 
Country  Romania
Historic regionCrișana
Capital city (Reședință de județ)Satu Mare
Area
 • Total4,242 km2 (1,638 sq mi)
Population
 (1930)
 • Total294,875
 • Density70/km2 (180/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)

Historically, the county was located in the northwestern part of Greater Romania, stretching to its borders with Czechoslovakia and Hungary. Its territory lay in the historical Crișana region. After the administrative unification law in 1925, the name of the county remained as it was, but the territory was reorganized. It was bordered on the northwest by Hungary, on the north by Czechoslovakia, to the east by Maramureș County, to the southeast by Someș County, and to the south and southwest by Sălaj County. Currently, its territory is included in the current counties of Satu Mare and Maramureș.

Administration

 
Map of Satu Mare County as constituted in 1938.

In 1930, the county was divided into eight districts (plăși):[10]

  1. Plasa Arded (headquartered at Arded)
  2. Plasa Baia Mare (headquartered at Baia Mare)
  3. Plasa Mănăștur (headquartered at Mănăștur)
  4. Plasa Oașiu (headquartered at Oașiu)
  5. Plasa Satu Mare (headquartered at Satu Mare)
  6. Plasa Seini (headquartered at Seini)
  7. Plasa Șomcuta Mare (headquartered at Șomcuta Mare)
  8. Plasa Ugocea (headquartered at Ugocea)

The county included the city of Satu Mare (the county seat) and the urban communes Baia Mare and Baia Sprie.

History

Prior to World War I, the territory of the county belonged to Austria-Hungary and mostly was contained in the Szatmár County of the Kingdom of Hungary. In the aftermath of the war and the ensuing Hungarian–Romanian War, the Romanian Army entered the county in early 1919, and its administration passed to the Kingdom of Romania. The territory of Satu Mare County was transferred to Romania from Hungary as successor state to Austria-Hungary in June 1920 under the Treaty of Trianon.

In 1938, King Carol II promulgated a new Constitution, and subsequently he had the administrative division of the Romanian territory changed. 10 ținuturi (approximate translation: "lands") were created (by merging the counties) to be ruled by rezidenți regali (approximate translation: "Royal Residents") - appointed directly by the King - instead of the prefects. Satu Mare County became part of Ținutul Crișuri.

At the end of August 1940, the county was transferred back to Hungary with the rest of Northern Transylvania under the Second Vienna Award. In October 1944, Romanian forces with Soviet assistance recaptured the ceded territory, with the Battle of Carei marking the complete reintegration of Northern Transylvania into Romania. Romanian jurisdiction over the county per the Treaty of Trianon was reaffirmed in the Paris Peace Treaties, 1947. The county was disestablished by the communist government of Romania in 1950, and its territory became part of Baia Mare Region, which in turn was renamed the Maramureș Region in 1960. Satu Mare County was re-established in 1968, when Romania restored the county administrative system.

Population

According to the 1930 census data, the county population was 294,875, 60.5% Romanians, 25.2% Hungarians, 8.1% Jews, 3.2% Germans, as well as other minorities.[11] From a religious point of view, the population consisted of 59.0% Greek Catholics, 15.0% Roman Catholics, 8.6% Jewish, 4.4% Eastern Orthodox, as well as other minorities.[12]

Urban population

In 1930, the county's urban population was 69,526 inhabitants, 41.9% Hungarians, 35.0% Romanians, 18.6% Jews, 1.6% Germans, as well as other minorities. As a mother tongue in the urban area, Hungarian dominated (55.6%), followed by Romanian (31.1%), Yiddish (10.6%), German (1.4%), as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population consisted of 33.7% Greek Catholics, 23.0% Reformed, 20.0% Jewish, 19.6% Roman Catholic, 2.9% Eastern Orthodox, as well as other minorities.

See also

References

  1. ^ The number used depends on the numbering system employed by the phone companies on the market.
  2. ^ a b National Institute of Statistics, "Populația după etnie" 2009-08-16 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ "Structura Etno-demografică a României". Edrc.ro. 2017-10-31. Retrieved 2018-05-13.
  4. ^ "Structura Etno-demografică a României". www.edrc.ro.
  5. ^ a b [1]"Recensământul general al populației României din 29 Decemvrie 1930", vol. II, pag. 394, Institutul Central de Statistică, (published in French and Romanian)
  6. ^ [2]"Árpád E. Varga, Hungarians in Transylvania between 1870 and 1995, Original title: Erdély magyar népessége 1870–1995 között, Published in Magyar Kisebbség 3–4, 1998 (New series IV), pp. 331–407, Translation by Tamás Sályi, Linguistic editing by Rachel Orbell, Published by Teleki László Foundation. Budapest, March 1999"
  7. ^ "Erdély etnikai és felekezeti statisztikája". varga.adatbank.transindex.ro.
  8. ^ National Institute of Statistics, "Populația la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992 și 2002"
  9. ^ "Rezultatele finale ale alegerilor locale din 2020" (Json) (in Romanian). Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  10. ^ Portretul României Interbelice - Județul Satu Mare
  11. ^ Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 394-401
  12. ^ Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 718-721

External links

  •   Maramureș travel guide from Wikivoyage
  •   Media related to Satu Mare County at Wikimedia Commons

March 20, 2023
satu, mare, county, romanian, județul, satu, mare, pronounced, ˌsatu, ˈmare, county, județ, romania, border, with, hungary, ukraine, capital, city, satu, mare, județul, satu, marecountycoat, armscoordinates, coordinates, 89countryromaniadevelopment, regionnord. Satu Mare County Romanian Județul Satu Mare pronounced ˌsatu ˈmare is a county județ of Romania on the border with Hungary and Ukraine The capital city is Satu Mare Satu Mare County Județul Satu MareCountyCoat of armsCoordinates 47 41 N 22 53 E 47 69 N 22 89 E 47 69 22 89 Coordinates 47 41 N 22 53 E 47 69 N 22 89 E 47 69 22 89CountryRomaniaDevelopment regionNord VestHistorical regionCrișana MaramureșCapitalSatu MareArea Total4 418 km2 1 706 sq mi Rank36thPopulation 2011 Total329 079 Rank31st Density74 km2 190 sq mi Telephone code 40 261 or 40 361 1 ISO 3166 codeRO SMGDP nominal US 2 150 billion 2015 GDP per capitaUS 6 533 2015 WebsiteCounty CouncilPrefecture Contents 1 Name 2 Demographics 3 Geography 3 1 Neighbours 4 Economy 5 Tourism 6 Politics 7 Administrative divisions 8 Historical county 8 1 Administration 8 2 History 8 3 Population 8 3 1 Urban population 9 See also 10 References 11 External linksName EditIn Hungarian it is known as Szatmar megye in German as Kreis Sathmar in Ukrainian as Satu Mare and in Slovak as Satmarska zupa Demographics EditSatu Mare is a multicultural city with a population mix of Romanian Hungarian Roma German and other ethnicities In 2002 Satu Mare County had a population of 367 281 and the population density was 83 km2 210 sq mi 2 3 Romanians 58 8 Hungarians 35 2 Roma 3 7 Germans Sathmar Swabians 1 7 Ukrainians Slovaks otherIn 2011 its population was 329 079 and population density was 74 48 km2 192 9 sq mi 2 4 Romanians 57 73 Hungarians 34 5 Roma 5 32 Germans Sathmar Swabians 1 51 Rusyns Ukrainians Slovaks otherHungarians mostly reside along the border with Hungary but some are also scattered throughout the whole county Historically Hungarians were concentrated in the cities where administration resides while the Romanian population was larger in the villages throughout the county In 1930 the Hungarians represented 41 9 of the urban population in Satu Mare County and only 20 0 of the population in the villages according to census data 5 The proportion of different ethnic groups varied throughout history due to regime and political changes After the Austro Hungarian Compromise of 1867 the Hungarian population increased its proportion greatly in 1880 representing 44 4 and in 1910 reaching 55 1 of the county population according to Arpad E Varga 6 After World War I the Hungarian and German population declined Year County population Romanians Hungarians Germans1880 7 194 326 76 668 95 681 13 4491890 216 158 85 663 114 836 14 0301900 245 855 93 591 138 086 12 1651910 267 310 92 264 166 369 6 7091920 262 937 124 476 81 242 34 9821930 5 294 875 178 523 74 191 9 5301948 8 312 6721956 337 531 180 930 145 880 3 5881966 359 3931977 393 8401992 400 7892002 367 2812004 371 7592007 366 270Geography EditSatu Mare County has a total area of 4 418 square kilometres 1 706 sq mi In the north are the Oaș Mountains part of the Eastern Carpathians This makes up around 17 of the area The remainder is hills forming 20 of the area and plains The western part of the county takes up the Eastern part of the Pannonian Plain The county is crossed by the Someș River the Tur River and Crasna River The county lies partly in the historical region of Maramureș and partly in the historical region of Crișana Neighbours Edit AB AR AG BC BH BN BT BV BR BZ CS CL CJ CT CV DB DJ GL GR GJ HR HD IL IS IF MM MH MS NT OT PH SM SJ SB SV TR TM TL VS VL VN B Maramureș County in the East Hungary in the West Szabolcs Szatmar Bereg County Ukraine in the North Zakarpattia Oblast Bihor County and Sălaj County in the South Satu Mare County together with the Bihor Bistrița Năsăud Cluj Maramureș and Sălaj counties constitute the Nord Vest development region of Romania The county is a member of the Carpathian Euroregion Economy EditSatu Mare County benefits from its position close to the border of Romania with Hungary and Ukraine and it is one of the places which attracts foreign investment in industry and agriculture The predominant industries in the county are Textiles industry Machine and automotive components Food industry Wood and furniture industry Tourism EditThe main tourist attractions in the county are The Oaș Country with its strong Romanian folk traditions on the North Eastern side of the county The Oaș Mountains The cities of Satu Mare and Carei Tășnad Resort The fortifications from Ardud and Medieșu Aurit Politics EditThe Satu Mare County Council renewed at the 2020 local elections consists of 32 counsellors with the following party composition 9 Party Seats Current Council Democratic Alliance of Hungarians UDMR RMDSZ 15 National Liberal Party PNL 10 Social Democratic Party PSD 5 People s Movement Party PMP 2 Administrative divisions Edit Satu Mare German Sathmar The Karolyi castle Carei Satu Mare County has 2 municipalities 4 towns and 59 communes Municipalities Satu Mare county seat 102 441 as of 2011 Carei Towns Ardud Livada Negrești Oaș TășnadCommunes Acaș Agriș Andrid Apa Bătarci Beltiug Berveni Bixad Barsău Bogdand Botiz Călinești Oaș Cămărzana Cămin Căpleni Căuaș Cehal Certeze Ciumești Craidorolț Crucișor Culciu Doba Dorolț Foieni Gherța Mică Halmeu Hodod Homoroade Lazuri Medieșu Aurit Micula Moftin Odoreu Orașu Nou Păulești Petrești Pir Pișcolt Pomi Porumbești Racsa Sanislău Santău Săcășeni Săuca Socond Supur Tarna Mare Terebești Tiream Tarșolț Turț Turulung Urziceni Valea Vinului Vetiș Viile Satu Mare VamaHistorical county EditJudețul Satu MareCounty Județ Satu Mare County prefecture building during the interwar period Coat of arms Country RomaniaHistoric regionCrișanaCapital city Reședință de județ Satu MareArea Total4 242 km2 1 638 sq mi Population 1930 Total294 875 Density70 km2 180 sq mi Time zoneUTC 2 EET Summer DST UTC 3 EEST Historically the county was located in the northwestern part of Greater Romania stretching to its borders with Czechoslovakia and Hungary Its territory lay in the historical Crișana region After the administrative unification law in 1925 the name of the county remained as it was but the territory was reorganized It was bordered on the northwest by Hungary on the north by Czechoslovakia to the east by Maramureș County to the southeast by Someș County and to the south and southwest by Sălaj County Currently its territory is included in the current counties of Satu Mare and Maramureș Administration Edit Map of Satu Mare County as constituted in 1938 In 1930 the county was divided into eight districts plăși 10 Plasa Arded headquartered at Arded Plasa Baia Mare headquartered at Baia Mare Plasa Mănăștur headquartered at Mănăștur Plasa Oașiu headquartered at Oașiu Plasa Satu Mare headquartered at Satu Mare Plasa Seini headquartered at Seini Plasa Șomcuta Mare headquartered at Șomcuta Mare Plasa Ugocea headquartered at Ugocea The county included the city of Satu Mare the county seat and the urban communes Baia Mare and Baia Sprie History Edit Prior to World War I the territory of the county belonged to Austria Hungary and mostly was contained in the Szatmar County of the Kingdom of Hungary In the aftermath of the war and the ensuing Hungarian Romanian War the Romanian Army entered the county in early 1919 and its administration passed to the Kingdom of Romania The territory of Satu Mare County was transferred to Romania from Hungary as successor state to Austria Hungary in June 1920 under the Treaty of Trianon In 1938 King Carol II promulgated a new Constitution and subsequently he had the administrative division of the Romanian territory changed 10 ținuturi approximate translation lands were created by merging the counties to be ruled by rezidenți regali approximate translation Royal Residents appointed directly by the King instead of the prefects Satu Mare County became part of Ținutul Crișuri At the end of August 1940 the county was transferred back to Hungary with the rest of Northern Transylvania under the Second Vienna Award In October 1944 Romanian forces with Soviet assistance recaptured the ceded territory with the Battle of Carei marking the complete reintegration of Northern Transylvania into Romania Romanian jurisdiction over the county per the Treaty of Trianon was reaffirmed in the Paris Peace Treaties 1947 The county was disestablished by the communist government of Romania in 1950 and its territory became part of Baia Mare Region which in turn was renamed the Maramureș Region in 1960 Satu Mare County was re established in 1968 when Romania restored the county administrative system Population Edit According to the 1930 census data the county population was 294 875 60 5 Romanians 25 2 Hungarians 8 1 Jews 3 2 Germans as well as other minorities 11 From a religious point of view the population consisted of 59 0 Greek Catholics 15 0 Roman Catholics 8 6 Jewish 4 4 Eastern Orthodox as well as other minorities 12 Urban population Edit In 1930 the county s urban population was 69 526 inhabitants 41 9 Hungarians 35 0 Romanians 18 6 Jews 1 6 Germans as well as other minorities As a mother tongue in the urban area Hungarian dominated 55 6 followed by Romanian 31 1 Yiddish 10 6 German 1 4 as well as other minorities From the religious point of view the urban population consisted of 33 7 Greek Catholics 23 0 Reformed 20 0 Jewish 19 6 Roman Catholic 2 9 Eastern Orthodox as well as other minorities See also EditSatmar Hasidic dynasty a Jewish religious group named after this place Szatmar County of the Kingdom of HungaryReferences Edit The number used depends on the numbering system employed by the phone companies on the market a b National Institute of Statistics Populația după etnie Archived 2009 08 16 at the Wayback Machine Structura Etno demografică a Romaniei Edrc ro 2017 10 31 Retrieved 2018 05 13 Structura Etno demografică a Romaniei www edrc ro a b 1 Recensămantul general al populației Romaniei din 29 Decemvrie 1930 vol II pag 394 Institutul Central de Statistică published in French and Romanian 2 Arpad E Varga Hungarians in Transylvania between 1870 and 1995 Original title Erdely magyar nepessege 1870 1995 kozott Published in Magyar Kisebbseg 3 4 1998 New series IV pp 331 407 Translation by Tamas Salyi Linguistic editing by Rachel Orbell Published by Teleki Laszlo Foundation Budapest March 1999 Erdely etnikai es felekezeti statisztikaja varga adatbank transindex ro National Institute of Statistics Populația la recensămintele din anii 1948 1956 1966 1977 1992 și 2002 Rezultatele finale ale alegerilor locale din 2020 Json in Romanian Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă Retrieved 2020 11 02 Portretul Romaniei Interbelice Județul Satu Mare Recensămantul general al populației Romaniei din 29 decemvrie 1930 Vol II pag 394 401 Recensămantul general al populației Romaniei din 29 decemvrie 1930 Vol II pag 718 721External links Edit Maramureș travel guide from Wikivoyage Media related to Satu Mare County at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Satu Mare County amp oldid 1107165835, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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