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Wikipedia

Najib Razak

March 15, 2024

In this Malay name, there is no surname or family name. The name Abdul Razak is patronymic, and the person should be referred to by their given name: Mohammad Najib. The Arabic-derived word 'bin' or 'binti' / 'binte', if used, means 'son of' or 'daughter of', respectively.

Mohammad Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak (Jawi: محمد نجيب بن عبد الرزاق, Malay pronunciation: [muhammad nadʒɪb]; born 23 July 1953) is a Malaysian politician who served as the sixth Prime Minister of Malaysia from 2009 to 2018. In 2020, he was convicted of corruption in the 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal,[3] one of the largest money-laundering and embezzlement scandals in history.[4][5] He is the son of former prime minister Abdul Razak Hussein. Najib Razak was the chairman of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition from April 2009 to May 2018 and the president of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) from November 2008 to May 2018,[6][7][8] which had maintained control of Malaysia's government with a parliamentary majority for more than sixty years until the coalition's defeat in the 2018 general election.

Yang Hormat Dato' Sri Haji
Najib Razak
DK II (Pahang) DK I (Brunei) SPMK DMK SSSJ SPSA SSAP SIMP SPDK DUNM DP DSAP PNBS
نجيب رزاق
Official portrait, 2009
6th Prime Minister of Malaysia
In office
3 April 2009 – 9 May 2018
Monarchs
Deputy
Preceded byAbdullah Ahmad Badawi
Succeeded byMahathir Mohamad
7th President of the United Malays National Organisation
(ex officio: Chairman of Barisan Nasional)
In office
26 March 2009 – 12 May 2018
Deputy
  • Muhyiddin Yassin
  • Ahmad Zahid Hamidi
Preceded byAbdullah Ahmad Badawi
Succeeded byAhmad Zahid Hamidi
9th Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia
In office
7 January 2004 – 3 April 2009
Prime MinisterAbdullah Ahmad Badawi
Preceded byAbdullah Ahmad Badawi
Succeeded byMuhyiddin Yassin
12th Menteri Besar of Pahang
In office
4 May 1982 – 14 August 1986
MonarchAhmad Shah
DeputyAbdul Rashid Abdul Rahman
Preceded byAbdul Rashid Abdul Rahman
Succeeded byMohd Khalil Yaakob
Parliamentary offices
Member of the Malaysian Parliament
for Pekan
In office
6 October 1986 – 6 September 2022[1]
Preceded byMohamed Amin Daud
Succeeded bySh Mohmed Puzi Sh Ali
In office
21 February 1976 – 14 June 1982
Preceded byAbdul Razak Hussein
Succeeded byMohamed Amin Daud
Member of the Pahang State Legislative Assembly
for Bandar Pekan
In office
1982–1986
Preceded byShamsiah Abdul Hamid
Succeeded byConstituency abolished
Personal details
Born
Mohammad Najib bin Abdul Razak

(1953-07-23) 23 July 1953 (age 70)
Kuala Lipis, Pahang, Federation of Malaya
Political partyUnited Malays National Organisation (UMNO) (since 1976)
Other political
affiliations
Spouses
  • Puteri Zainah Eskandar
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1976; div. 1987)​
  • ​
    (m. 1987)​
Children5 (including Nazifuddin and Nizar)
Parents
RelativesHishammuddin Hussein (cousin)
Riza Aziz (stepson)
Education
Alma materUniversity of Nottingham (BSc)[2]
Signature
Najib Razak
Faction represented in Dewan Rakyat
1976–1982Barisan Nasional
1986–2022Barisan Nasional
Faction represented in Pahang State Legislative Assembly
1982–1986Barisan Nasional

Najib was elected to the Parliament of Malaysia in 1976, at the age of 23, replacing his deceased father in the Pahang-based seat of Pekan. In the same year, he was appointed the head of UMNO Youth's Pekan branch and became a member of the youth wing's Executive Council. In the early years of his political career, Najib took on a deputy minister role in 1976, and between 1982 and 1986, he was the Menteri Besar of Pahang. Thereafter, until 2009, he was rotated throughout the Cabinet of Malaysia, taking on various ministerial portfolios in defence, education, culture, youth and sports, and finally finance. Between 1993 and 2009, Najib was a vice-president of UMNO.[9]

Najib's tenure as prime minister, between 2009 and 2018, was marked by economic liberalisation measures, such as cuts to government subsidies, loosening of restrictions on foreign investment, and reductions in preferential measures for ethnic Malays in business. After the 2013 election, his government pursued a number of its critics on sedition charges, the imprisonment of opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim following a conviction for sodomy and the implementation of a Goods and Services Tax (GST). He also led the country through the Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disaster and a dispute with North Korea following the assassination of Kim Jong-nam. In 2015, Najib became implicated in a major corruption scandal involving state investment firm 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) which led to rallies calling for his resignation, spearheaded by the grassroots movement Bersih.[10][11][12] These protests culminated in the Malaysian Citizens' Declaration by Mahathir Mohamad, Pakatan Harapan and NGOs which sought to oust Najib.[13][14]

Najib's response to the corruption accusations was to tighten his grip on power by replacing then-deputy prime minister Muhyiddin Yassin, suspending two newspapers and pushing through parliament a controversial National Security Council Bill that provides the prime minister with unprecedented powers.[15][16] Najib's various subsidy cuts have contributed to soaring living costs,[17] while fluctuating oil prices and the fallout from the 1MDB scandal led to a depreciation of the Malaysian currency.[18][19] These ended with BN's loss in the 2018 general elections, the results of which Najib then accepted and promised to help facilitate a smooth transition of power.[20]

On 3 July 2018, Najib was arrested by the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC), which investigated how RM42 million (US$10.6 million) went from SRC International, a company related to 1MDB, into Najib's bank account.[21] In the process, the police seized a number of fashion accessories worth $273 million while searching through his properties.[22] Najib was subsequently charged and convicted by the High Court on abuse of power, money laundering and criminal breach of trust, becoming the first Prime Minister of Malaysia to be convicted of corruption,[23][24] and was sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment and fined RM210 million.[25][26] The sentence was upheld by the Federal Court on 23 August 2022.[27] He is currently serving his sentence in Kajang Prison.[28]

Early life and education

Najib was born on 23 July 1953 at the Pahang State Secretary official residence in Bukit Bius,[29] Kuala Lipis, Pahang. Najib is the eldest of second Malaysian Prime Minister Abdul Razak's six sons, and the nephew of the third PM Hussein Onn. His younger brother, Dato' Seri Mohd Nazir Abdul Razak,[30] runs the country's second-largest lender, Bumiputra-Commerce Holdings Bhd.[31] Najib is also one of the Four Noblemen of the Pahang Darul Makmur (Royal Court) by virtue of his inherited title as the Orang Kaya Indera Shahbandar. He received his primary and secondary education at St. John's Institution, Kuala Lumpur. He later attended Malvern College[32] in Worcestershire, England, and subsequently went to the University of Nottingham, where he received a bachelor's degree in industrial economics in 1974. Najib Razak returned to Malaysia in 1974 and entered the business world, serving briefly in Bank Negara Malaysia and later with Petronas (Malaysia's national oil company) as a public affairs manager.[33]

Early political career

The eldest son of Malaysian Prime Minister, Abdul Razak Hussein, was elected to the Parliament of Malaysia in 1976 replacing his deceased father in the Pahang-based seat of Pekan. The national outpouring of grief following Tun Razak's death and the respect for his father helped Najib win election unopposed as Member of Parliament at the very young age of 23.[34] In 1986 Najib won re-election to the same seat.[34][35]

From 1982 to 1986 he was the Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of Pahang, before holding various cabinet posts throughout the remainder of the 1980s and 1990s, including Defence and Education. In 2004 he became Deputy Prime Minister under Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, and replaced him 2009. Under his leadership, Barisan Nasional won the 2013 elections, although for the first time in Malaysia's history the opposition won the majority of the popular vote.[citation needed]

Najib was first assigned into the Cabinet of Malaysia at the age of 25 when he was appointed Deputy Minister of Energy, Telecommunications and Post in 1978, becoming the youngest deputy minister in the country.[36] He served as the Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of Pahang between 1982 and 1986, becoming the youngest Menteri Besar in the state to enter office when he was sworn in at the age of 29.[37] In 1986 he was appointed as Minister of Culture, Youth and Sports in the Cabinet of Mahathir Mohamad. He focused on improving Malaysian sports and introduced the National Sports Policy in 1988. In 1989 Malaysia achieved its best-ever performance at the South East Asia (SEA) Games, held in Kuala Lumpur.[38]

 
Najib at an UMNO General Assembly

Najib was appointed head of UMNO Youth's Pekan branch and became a member of UMNO Youth's Executive Council (Exco) in 1976. In 1981, he was selected as a member of UMNO's Supreme Council, before winning the post of Vice-President of UMNO Youth in 1982.[39][40]

On 26 October 1987, the then leader of the opposition, Lim Kit Siang, called for the Anti-Corruption Agency to investigate how Najib, who was then Pahang MB, could give approval for a logging concession of 2000 acres to a resident of a low-cost housing estate. He asked ACA to investigate whether the logging concessionnaire was in fact a nominee for Najib himself.[41]

In 1987, Najib was selected as the acting head of the Movement of UMNO Youth by Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim after Anwar was asked to contest the post of UMNO Vice-President. Following mounting ethnic tensions anti-Chinese sentiments were expressed at a UMNO Youth rally held in Kampung Baru, Kuala Lumpur the same year where Najib spoke. Rising tensions soon lead to fears of ethnic violence and eventually resulted in a security operation known as Operasi Lalang, that included numerous administrative detentions.[42]

Following the complete reorganisation and founding of the "New" UMNO by Mahathir Mohamad in the aftermath of the 1988 Malaysian constitutional crisis, Najib was appointed president of UMNO Youth in 1988.[43]

By 1993, Najib was elected as one of six vice-presidents of UMNO in response to Anwar's decision to contest as the deputy president of UMNO. Najib continued to defend his post in party elections held in 1993, 1996, and 2004.[9]

Senior Ministerial career

Minister for Defence (1991–1995)

In 1991, Mahathir appointed Najib as Minister of Defence. Under Najib's direction, Malaysian troops were deployed to assist the UN peacekeeping forces in Bosnia in 1993 during the Bosnian War.[44] Malaysian forces were greeted warmly by Bosnians as well as Serbs and Croats.[45] Malaysia also assisted peacekeeping operations in Somalia in 1993, losing one soldier in an effort to aid US soldiers during the Battle of Mogadishu. Najib later criticised the UN's Somalia operation as putting too much emphasis on military action.[46] Since then Malaysia has stated a preference for participating in Chapter 6 "peace enforcement" missions, rather than Chapter 7 "peacekeeping" missions.[47] After four years at the Ministry of Defence, Najib assumed control of the Education Ministry in 1995. He returned to the Ministry of Defence in 2000.[48]

Japanese raped Malay comfort women but UMNO leader Najib Razak blocked all attempts by other UMNO members like Mustapha Yakub at asking Japan for compensation and apologies.[49][50][51][52]

Minister for Education (1995–2000)

 
Najib, pictured in May 2002.

In 1995, Najib left the Defence Ministry for the first time when he was appointed Minister of Education. His challenge was to respond to Malaysia's newly proclaimed aspiration to become a fully developed nation by 2020. The 1996 Private Higher Education Institutions Act, allowed foreign universities to establish degree-conferring schools in Malaysia, providing greater educational opportunities for Malaysians and positioning Malaysia as a regional learning hub.[53]

During the 1999 general elections Najib suffered a major setback when he barely won re-election to the Parliament by a margin of 241 votes, compared to a margin of over 10,000 in the previous election. This is a surprise to political observers.[34]

Return as Minister for Defence (2000–2008)

During his second tenure as Minister of Defence Najib coordinated Malaysia's relief efforts following the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, and provided support to Indonesia in arresting those responsible for the 2005 Bali bombings.[54] Najib also oversaw the deployment of Malaysian troops as a part of a UN peacekeeping force in 2006, when Malaysia volunteered to help stabilise Lebanon following the 2006 Lebanon War.[48]

As Defence Minister, Najib instituted compulsory military service in December 2003, stating that it would encourage interaction and friendship between youth of different ethnic groups and religions.[55] During its first five years of operation, over 339,000 Malaysian youth participated in the PLKN (the Bahasa Malaysian acronym for "Malaysian National Service"),[56] which is intended to promote tolerance, teamwork, and community engagement. The programme, however, has faced challenges. Safety issues in the program have been reported and several people died during or shortly after their terms of service during the program's first few years.[57] In response, Najib strengthened the PLKN's health screening requirements and reinforced the government's commitment to punish negligent PLKN officials.[58]

The Altantuyaa affair

Main article: Murder of Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa

French courts investigated allegations of corruption in the purchases of two Scorpène-class submarines, by the Malaysian Ministry of Defence in 2002, at a time when Najib was the minister of defence. The allegations are that Abdul Razak Baginda, an aide of Najib, received "commission" payments from the French submarine builder DCNS.[59] Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa, a Mongolian woman hired as a French translator to facilitate the purchase of the submarines and mistress to Baginda, tried to blackmail Baginda for a $500,000 cut and was subsequently murdered. 2 policemen, who were bodyguards posted to Najib, were charged and found guilty.[60][61][62] Reviewing the Altantuyaa case, Tommy Thomas, Attorney General of Malaysia from 2018 to 2020, wrote that the evidence "implicated not only Najib Razak as the person who gave [one of the bodyguards] the order to kill, but also his aide-de-camp, Musa Safri".[63]

Deputy Prime Minister (2004–2009)

In 2004, Mahathir retired and was replaced by his deputy, Abdullah Ahmad Badawi. Najib became Deputy Prime Minister and was given a broad portfolio of responsibilities, including oversight of FELDA, the Human Rights Commission (SUHAKAM), and the Election Commission (EC). Najib also chaired more than 28 cabinet committees.[64] He remained as Minister for Defence.

In September 2008, Najib became the Minister for Finance, handing the Defence portfolio to Badawi.[65] During the global financial crisis, Malaysia faced a strong recession and reduced levels of trade throughout the South Asian region. In response, Najib announced a series of stimulus packages to be implemented over a two-year period with the intention of acting as a countercyclical response that might otherwise protect Malaysia's economy. He also pressed for the country to move beyond existing manufacturing capabilities through education, research and development to develop greater strength as a provider of sophisticated business services.[66]

Becoming Prime Minister

After a poor showing by the ruling UMNO coalition in the elections of 8 March 2008 in which opposition parties gained control of five of thirteen Malaysian state governments, Badawi identified Najib as his intended successor. On 8 October 2008, Prime Minister Badawi announced he would step down in March 2009, paving the way for Najib to succeed him. However he said the onus was on Najib to win party elections set for March before he could take over.[67] Najib ran for the presidency of UMNO and went on to win on 2 November 2008, without contest.[7]

On 26 March 2009, Najib won the UMNO presidency unopposed. He was sworn in as Prime Minister of Malaysia on 3 April 2009[68] In 2012, Najib also assumed the role of women, family and community development minister, a position he held until the 2013 election.[69]

Prime Minister (2009–2018)

Main article: Premiership of Najib Razak

During his tenure as Prime Minister, Najib implemented various economic and infrastructure development programs, including the 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) initiative. However, his leadership was marred by allegations of corruption and misappropriation of funds related to the 1MDB scandal, which led to his political downfall. In this scandal, it was alleged that billions of dollars were siphoned off from the 1MDB state investment fund, which Najib was closely associated with, into his personal accounts and those of his associates. These funds were purportedly used for various personal expenses, including luxury real estate, artwork, and even financing the production of Hollywood films.

Najib consistently denied any wrongdoing and claimed that the funds in his personal accounts were donations from a Saudi royal family member, which he said were used for political purposes and not for personal gain. However, investigations by various authorities in multiple countries, including the United States and Switzerland, uncovered evidence suggesting a different story.

In 2018, Najib's political career faced a significant setback when his party, Barisan Nasional, lost the general elections to the Pakatan Harapan coalition. Subsequently, he faced legal charges related to the 1MDB scandal.

Domestic policy

1Malaysia

Main article: 1Malaysia

1Malaysia is an ongoing campaign announced by Najib on 16 September 2008, calling for the cabinet, government agencies, and civil servants to emphasise ethnic harmony, national unity, and efficient governance.[70] The eight values of 1Malaysia as articulated by Najib are perseverance, a culture of excellence, acceptance, loyalty, education, humility, integrity, and meritocracy.[71] While the concept aimed to promote national unity and inclusiveness, some critics argued that it was primarily a political slogan and that it did not lead to significant policy changes to address the underlying issues of ethnic and cultural diversity in the country.

On 17 September 2008, Najib launched 1Malaysia.com.my[72] in an effort to communicate with the citizens of Malaysia more efficiently and support the broader 1Malaysia campaign. He has used the site to highlight his policy initiatives and to provide a forum for Malaysians to their government. The 1Malaysia campaign makes extensive use of social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter.[73][74] Research has suggested that Najib and UMNO have made extensive efforts to establish a favourable online presence through the recruitment and support of bloggers and other social media users, sometimes known as 'cybertroopers.'[75]

However, Najib has been criticised for an apparent deterioration of race relations in Malaysia during his tenure that has occurred despite the 1Malaysia programme. In 2014, the long-serving former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad withdrew his support for Najib citing, among other things, the abandonment by Chinese voters of the Barisan Nasional coalition.[76] Najib's tenure has also been marked by increasingly aggressive racial rhetoric from elements within Najib's UMNO party, particularly towards Chinese Malaysians.[77] Additionally, there[who?] were concerns that the government's efforts to promote 1Malaysia were seen by some as a way to consolidate power and influence.

So, while the 1Malaysia concept was intended to promote unity and inclusiveness, it did face controversy and criticism from various quarters during Najib Razak's tenure as Prime Minister.

BR1M Project

The first BR1M Project was a scheme devised by Najib Razak to help poor Malaysians. The amount of RM 500.00 Ringgit Malaysia was given to households with an income of less than RM 3,000 a month.[78]

 
Najib and his wife Rosmah waving flags during the Malaysia Day celebration in Kuala Lumpur, 16 September 2011

The second BR1M Project, also known as BR1M 2.0, with more than 2.5 billion ringgit will be distributed to Malaysians nationwide. This will affect 5.7 million household all over the country. In addition to the RM 500.00 for household, the government has also allocated RM 250.00 to single individuals. Those who have received RM 500.00 from the first BR1M project need not apply as it will be automatically processed.[79]

BR1M 4.0, which was announced in 2014, saw an increase in handouts from RM 650 to RM 950 for individuals earning less than RM 2,000.00, while households earning less than RM 4,000 will receive RM 750.[80][81][82][83][84]

Housing Programme

Main article: 1Malaysia People's Housing Programme

Perumahan Rakyat 1Malaysia (PR1MA) Berhad was established under the PR1MA Act 2012 to plan, develop, construct and maintain affordable lifestyle housing for middle-income households in key urban centres. Middle-income is defined as a monthly household (husband and wife) income of between RM 2,500 and RM 7,500.[85]

PR1MA will be the first organisation that exclusively targets this middle segment with homes ranging from RM 100,000 to RM 400,000 in a sustainable community.[86]

National Security Council Bill 2015

Main article: National Security Council (Malaysia)

In December 2015, the National Security Council Bill 2015 was passed in Parliament after a marathon six-hour debate. The bill provides the Prime Minister of Malaysia with unprecedented powers, such as the ability to define what constitutes a security issue as well as deem any part of Malaysia a security area.[87] Within that area, authorities may make arrests, conduct searches or seize property without a warrant.[88] The bill was criticised by rights groups as inviting government abuse.[89] The Malaysian Bar called it a "lurch towards an authoritarian government".[90] The government has defended the bill, with cabinet minister Shahidan Kassim saying the law is necessary to enable better co-ordination and a uniform response in the event the country is faced with security threats, and that the law does not contravene the basic human rights guaranteed under the federal constitution.[88]

Economic policy

Main article: Economic policy of the Najib Razak government
 
Najib addressing the Annual Meeting 2013 of the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, 25 January 2013.
 
Najib meeting British Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills Vince Cable in London, 13 July 2011

New Economic Model

Main article: New Economic Model

On 2 May 2009, Najib announced the government's plan to develop a New Economic Model that will speed Malaysia's transition to a high-income country. The plan will emphasise ways to increase the income and productivity of workers by encouraging knowledge industries and increasing investment from overseas.[citation needed]

Reform of government subsidies

Main article: Subsidy reform in Malaysia

Najib has started to implement comprehensive reform of government subsidies. On 16 July 2010, subsidies for petrol, diesel and LPG were cut as part of Malaysia's general programme of reducing and rationalising subsidies per the 10th Malaysia Plan and the New Economic Model. The government believes it will save RM 750 million by the end of 2010 through these measures with little negative impact on most citizens. Sugar and fuel subsidies were selected for reform because they disproportionately benefit the wealthy and foreigners, encourage over-consumption and create opportunities for fraud and smuggling.[91] Najib expressed his hope that Malaysians would adopt a healthier lifestyle. He said, "there is no logic in the government allocating subsidies worth almost RM1 billion on a commodity that could endanger the people's health".[92] Responding to concerns about how these reforms might affect the poor, the Prime Minister's Office pointed out that Malaysia will still be spending RM 7.82 billion per year on fuel and sugar subsidies and that prices for these commodities would remain the lowest in Southeast Asia. The government also stated that education and health care would continue receiving state support.[93]

Economic liberalisation

Malaysia has implemented substantial measures to attract foreign investment including a moderation of preferences designed to benefit ethnic Malays. Specifically these reforms include allowing foreign investors to hold majority stakes in most enterprises excluding "strategic" industries such as banking, telecommunications, and energy, easing insurance regulation, curtailing powers of the Foreign Investment Committee and lowering the minimum quota for Malay ownership in publicly traded companies from 30 percent to 12.5 percent. As he introduced the reforms Najib stated, "The world is changing quickly and we must be ready to change with it or risk being left behind."[94]

Since these reforms have been implemented, the American banking firms Goldman Sachs and Citigroup have been granted permission to expand their operations in Malaysia. Goldman Sachs received licenses to set up fund management and advisory operations. Citigroup has obtained a permit to offer brokerage services. The approval of these licenses is a sharp break from Malaysia's history of domestically dominated and tightly regulated markets for financial services.[citation needed]

The International Institute for Management Development responded to these and other reforms by increasing Malaysia's ranking to the 10th-most competitive economy in the world in 2010 from 18th in 2009. Malaysia, which is now ranked fifth in the Asia Pacific region, scored well in business and government efficiency. Economists attributed the rise of Malaysia's ranking to the efforts of the Malaysian government to improve the country's business environment such as the New Economic Model, the Government Transformation Programme and the Economic Transformation Programme.[95]

Stimulus packages

The Malaysian government passed two stimulus packages to mitigate the effects of the global economic downturn. The first stimulus package, worth RM 7 billion, was announced on 4 November 2008. The second package, worth RM 60 billion, was announced on 10 March 2009. Since assuming office as Prime Minister, Najib has been monitoring the progress of the stimulus packages on a weekly basis. Government economists believe that the stimulus packages have successfully generated increased economic activity, especially in the construction sector. Malaysia's central bank reported that Malaysia's economy grew at an annualised rate of 9.5% during the first half of 2010. Najib says the country is on track to meet the 6% average annual growth to reach its goal of becoming a developed country by 2020. Commenting on this same economic data Najib said that as of August 2010 there were no plans for further economic stimulus. Rather he said the government would focus on improving Malaysia's economic fundamentals and increasing investment.[96]

Foreign policy and state visits

Main article: Foreign relations of Malaysia
 
Najib meeting US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in Vladivostok, 9 September 2012

Palestine

Main article: Malaysia–Palestine relations

The government of Malaysia has long been a strong supporter of the Palestinian cause against the Israeli occupation of the West Bank.[97] Malaysia also supports unity between the Palestinian Fatah and Hamas factions. Najib visited the West Bank with his wife Rosmah Mansor, escorted by senior officers of the Malaysian government.[98] Najib became the first Muslim leader from South East Asia to set foot on Palestinian soil.[99] Najib says Palestinians can count on Malaysia, but for there to be lasting peace, Hamas and Fatah must unite to safeguard the safety and security of the Palestinian people. Malaysia will give Palestine the moral, financial and political support it needs to rise above its struggles, but securing a future of lasting peace hinges on the Palestinians being united. Najib also stated that for Palestine to move towards having a future it envisioned, Palestinians would have to take the first step – to unite among themselves.[100]

United States

Main article: Malaysia–United States relations

Najib's visit in September 2017 to the United States on the invitation of President Donald Trump successfully strengthened the Comprehensive Partnership that was established between Malaysia and the United States in 2014.[101]

Najib enjoyed a close personal relationship with then US President Barack Obama and managed to upgrade Malaysia-US relations to a 'comprehensive partnership'.[102][103]

Najib and Obama met just before the Nuclear Security Summit in Washington on 12 April 2010. This was their first one-on-one meeting. During their talk, Obama sought further assistance from Malaysia in stemming nuclear proliferation which Obama described as the greatest threat to world security.[104] During the summit, Najib stressed that Malaysia only supported nuclear programmes designed for peaceful purposes. Najib's attendance at the summit was part of a week-long official visit to the United States.[105]

India

Main article: India–Malaysia relations
 
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi meeting Najib in Putrajaya, Malaysia on 23 November 2015

Najib travelled to India on a five-day state visit in January 2010. His 200-strong entourage included cabinet ministers, deputy ministers, state government officials, members of parliament, and prominent business leaders.[106] During his visit, Najib pushed for a free-trade agreement and co-operation across a wide range of fields.[107] Najib and Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh signed an extradition treaty and agreements to co-operate in the areas of higher education and finance. The two countries agreed to sign a free-trade agreement before the end of 2010 and Najib called for signing a "Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement" by the same date.[108] These economic agreements have resulted in plans for RM 1.6 trillion in investment for Malaysia.[109] In January 2010, Najib announced plans to develop a new visa regime for Indian nationals, specifically for managers and knowledge workers to visit Malaysia.[110]

Singapore

Main article: Malaysia–Singapore relations

Najib made a two-day visit to Singapore, on 21–22 May 2009. During the visit, both Najib and Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong agreed to move bilateral relations forward in a more productive manner and will either set aside or resolve the "legacy" problems between the two countries. During a speech in Singapore, Najib said he hoped his visit would signal "the beginning of a new era" between the two countries.[111]

in 2010 Najib resolved a key diplomatic problem between the two countries by ending the impasse over transportation links and Singaporean investment in Iskandar Malaysia. He and Lee Hsien Loong have agreed to modify the Points of Agreement signed in 1990. Specifically, the two sides have promised to move the KTM railway station from Tanjung Pagar to Woodlands, set up a joint venture to be called M-S Pte Ltd to develop Marina One, and DUO in Bugis but the railway tracks were replaced by the "Green Corridor", develop a rapid transit and high-speed rail links, and allow Temasek and Khazanah to set up a joint venture for the purpose of developing a town in Iskandar Malaysia.[112]

South Korea

Main article: Malaysia–South Korea relations

Najib attended the ASEAN-South Korea Summit on 1 June 2009 hosted by South Korean President Lee Myung Bak. During the summit, the ASEAN-Korea Investment Agreement was signed to boost economic and trade relations between ASEAN and South Korea After the summit, Najib said Malaysia is keen on emulating South Korea in developing a small-scale nuclear reactor for power generation, as well as South Korea's other low-carbon green technology.[113]

China

Main article: China–Malaysia relations

Najib made a four-day visit to China on 2–5 June 2009. During the visit, Najib mentioned his family's special relationship with China, noting that his father, and Malaysia's second Prime Minister, first established diplomatic relations with China in 1974. During the visit, several substantive issues were discussed in meetings between Najib and Chinese President Hu Jintao and Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao. The two sides signed an endorsed strategic action plan covering 13 major areas, which will serve as the guideline for relations between Malaysia and China. Najib described the trip as most fruitful. Najib also received an honorary doctorate in international relations from the Beijing Foreign Studies University.[114]

Indonesia

Main article: Indonesia–Malaysia relations
 
Najib with President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in Putrajaya on 18 December 2012.

Najib made a visit to Indonesia on 22–24 April 2009. Several issues were discussed, including co-operation in the tourism, oil and gas, and high-technology industries, as well as electricity supply from the Bakun dam to Kalimantan. Najib and his entourage also attended an official dinner hosted by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and his wife Ani Yudhoyono.[citation needed]

New Zealand

Main article: Malaysia–New Zealand relations

Under Najib's government, Malaysia signed a free-trade agreement (FTA) with New Zealand on 26 October 2009 to take effect 1 August 2010. The agreement will reduce or eliminate tariffs on thousands of industrial and agricultural products. The two countries have also agreed to reciprocate most-favoured nation status in private education, engineering services, environmental protection, mining services and information technology.[115]

Myanmar

In a protest rally in December 2016, Najib criticized the Myanmar authorities for the military crackdown on Rohingya Muslims, and described the ongoing persecution as "genocide".[116][117]

Philippines and the Moro people of Mindanao

Main articles: Malaysia–Philippines relations and Peace process with the Bangsamoro in the Philippines
 
President Rodrigo Duterte and his delegation meeting with Najib and other Malaysian ministers in Perdana Square, Putrajaya, 10 November 2016.

The Moro Islamic Liberation Front has always favoured Malaysia as a mediator in their effort of becoming an autonomous state. On 15 October 2012, the Moro rebels and Philippine authorities devised a peace agreement brokered by Malaysia. During the official signing ceremony, the Malaysian government was invited as a witness to the treaty.[118]

LCS scandal

Najib has been implicated in the misappropriation of funds in the purchase of littoral combat ships (LCS). There is a perception that Najib was "the most powerful decision-maker" in the LCS procurement arrangements as he was both prime minister and finance minister at the time (April 2009).[119] In 2022, Najib commented that the project was given to contractor Boustead Naval Shipyard Sdn Bhd because it was owned by the Armed Forces Fund Board (LTAT) and all profits of the project would thus go to the armed forces.[120]

14th Malaysian general election

Malaysia held its 14th general election in May 2018. Barisan Nasional was dealt a surprising defeat, failing to win a majority for the first time in the country's history. Observers credited the unpopular Goods and Services Tax as well as the swirling 1MDB corruption scandal as key factors in the defeat.[121] On 12 May 2018, Najib resigned as President of UMNO and Chairman of BN and was replaced by UMNO vice-president, Hishammuddin Hussein.[122]

Post-premiership (2018–present)

Najib accepted the defeat and pledged to facilitate a smooth transfer of power. On 12 May 2018, three days after he lost the general elections, a flight manifest stated that Najib and his wife, Rosmah were taking a private jet to Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport in Jakarta.[123] In response, the Immigration Department, upon the orders of Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, imposed a travel ban barring their exit from the country.[124] Amidst the country's mood turning against him, Najib resigned as the leader of UMNO and Barisan Nasional on the same day.[125]

The newly elected Pakatan Harapan government swiftly reopened investigations into the 1MDB scandal. Since 16 May 2018, the Malaysian police have searched six properties linked to Najib and Rosmah as part of the investigation into the 1MDB scandal. They have seized 284 boxes filled with designer handbags, 72 large luggage bags containing cash in multiple currencies, and other valuables. The Malaysian police commissioner confirmed that the police seized goods with an estimated value of between US$223 and US$273 million.[126][127] The police described it as the biggest seizure in Malaysian history.[128]

In January 2019, a 7-second video clip of Najib uttered "Malu Apa Bossku" ("What's there to be ashamed of my boss") went viral on the internet. Najib later released a picture of him posed on a Yamaha Y150 motorcycle with the registration plate 8055KU (BOSSKU).[129] The catchphrase and the picture went viral on social media, especially with Malay youths, and inspired videos, memes, t-shirts, caps, vehicle stickers and a music video.[130][131] The phenomenon has contributed to Najib's rise in popularity.[132] Najib also claimed that his "Bossku" phenomenon has contributed to a victory for his party in 2020 Kimanis by-election.[133]

In December 2023, his lawyer Mohamed Shafee Abdullah stated that Najib already requested to pursue Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) while serving his jail sentence in the prison.[134]

COVID-19 measure violations

On 6 May 2021 amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia, Najib was given two fines amounting to RM3,000 for failing to comply with standard operating procedures (SOPs) of the conditional movement control order (CMCO) at a chicken rice restaurant.[135] On 11 January 2022, the police opened an investigation into an event attended by Najib over claims that there was a breach of COVID-19 SOPs.[136]

On 27 February 2022, Health Minister Khairy Jamaluddin said he will review a video depicting Najib purportedly violating COVID-19 SOPs during a campaign visit in Perling, Johor.[137] On 10 March 2022, Health Minister Khairy Jamaluddin revealed that his ministry had issued 42 compound notices for the violation of SOPs during the campaign period for the Johor election, including five to Najib.[138][139][140]

Controversies and issues

Main article: Najib Razak controversies

Murder of Altantuya Shaariibuu

Main article: Murder of Altantuya Shaariibuu

Mongolian model Altantuya Shaariibuu disappeared outside the house of Abdul Razak Baginda, formerly a close associate of Najib, on October 19, 2006. She was never seen alive again. Three weeks later, her remains were found in a forest in Selangor. In 2008, Abdul Razak was acquitted by the High Court of abetment in the murder of Altantuyaa.[141] In 2015, Chief Inspector Azilah Hadri and Corporal Sirul Azhar Umar were found guilty of her murder and sentenced to death.[142]

In 2007, a Mongolian witness caused a stir in court when she revealed that Altantuya had been photographed having a meal with a Malaysian government official named 'Najib'.[143] Detective P. Balasubramaniam also linked Najib to Altantuya in a statutory declaration (SD) on July 3, 2008.[144] Najib has repeatedly denied knowing Altantuya or that he had any part in her death.[145][146][147] Reviewing the Altantuyaa case, Tommy Thomas, Attorney General of Malaysia from 2018 to 2020, wrote that the evidence "implicated not only Najib Razak as the person who gave [one of the bodyguards] the order to kill, but also his aide-de-camp, Musa Safri".[63]

1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal

Main article: 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal

On 2 July 2015, The Wall Street Journal ran an exposé alleging that MYR 2.672 billion (US$700 million) had been channelled from 1MDB into Najib's personal bank accounts, triggering widespread calls for his resignation.[148][149][150] Najib denied any wrongdoing and announced plans to sue the newspaper for libel[151] but eventually failed to do so.[152] On 6 July 2015, amid the 1MDB scandal, the ringgit fell to 3.8050 against the US dollar, the first time it slid beyond the 3.80 currency peg, which was lifted in 2005.[153] To back up the allegations, on 7 July 2015, The Wall Street Journal released a batch of partially redacted documents that purportedly show how nearly US$700 million (RM2.6 billion) was moved from 1MDB into Najib's personal bank accounts. These documents relate to transactions in March 2013, December 2014 and February 2015.[154]

The multi-agency task force investigating these allegations reported on 10 July 2015 that Najib's bank accounts at AmBank Islamic were closed before The Wall Street Journal reported the transfers of billions of ringgit to those accounts, thereby confirming that Najib had two accounts at that bank. The task force also confirmed that the six accounts it had just frozen did not belong to Najib but did not name the holders of those accounts[155] Najib's handling of the corruption scandal was criticised by, among others, former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad and then Deputy Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin. During Najib's mid-term Cabinet reshuffle on 28 July 2015, Najib dropped Muhyiddin from his position as Deputy Prime Minister, as well as other Ministers who had been critical of his leadership. Najib stated that the reason for this was to create a more "unified team".[156]

On 1 August 2015, Najib addressed UMNO delegates in Seremban and in a clear reference to the Sarawak Report, the London-based whistleblower site founded and operated by journalist Clare Rewcastle Brown, demanded that "white people" stay out of Malaysia's affairs and stressed that he valued loyalty above all, and not smart people.[157]

On 3 August 2015, the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission stated that the RM 2.6 billion that had been banked into Najib's personal account came from donors, not 1MDB,[158] but did not elaborate on who the donors were or why the funds were transferred, nor why this explanation had taken so long to emerge since the allegations were first made on 2 July 2015.[159][160] Umno Kuantan division chief Wan Adnan Wan Mamat later claimed that the RM 2.6 billion was from Saudi Arabia as thanks for fighting ISIS. He further claimed that the Muslim community in the Philippines as well as southern Thailand had also received similar donations, and that since the donations were made to Najib personally as opposed to UMNO, the funds were deposited into Najib's personal accounts.[161]

The scandal took a dramatic twist on 28 August 2015 when a member of Najib's own party, Anina Saaduddin, UMNO's Langkawi Wanita (women's) representative, filed a civil suit against him alleging a breach of duties as trustee and that he defrauded party members by failing to disclose receipt of the donated funds, and account for their use. This suit was filed in the Kuala Lumpur High Court and also named party Executive Secretary Abdul Rauf Yusof. Expressing fear that Najib would wield influence to remove any member of UMNO "for the sole purpose of avoiding liability" the court was also petitioned for an injunction to restrain UMNO, its Supreme Council, state liaison body, divisions and branches from removing the nominal plaintiff as a party member pending the determination of the suit. The plaintiff also sought repayment amounting to US$650 million, the amount allegedly deposited by Najib to a Singapore bank, an account of all monies that he had received in the form of donations, details of all monies in the AmPrivate Banking Account No 2112022009694 allegedly belonging to Najib, along with damages, costs, and other reliefs.[162]

On 21 September 2015, the New York Times reported that US investigators were investigating allegations of corruption involving Najib as well as people close to him. In particular, investigators focused on properties in the United States that were purchased in recent years by shell companies owned by Najib's stepson Riza Aziz or connected to a close family friend, as well as a $681 million payment made to what is believed to be Najib's personal bank account.[163]

The claimed MYR 2.6 billion "donation" into Najib's personal accounts led the opposition to table a no-confidence motion against Najib, on 18 October 2015.[164]

On 26 January 2016, Malaysia's Attorney General Mohamed Apandi Ali announced that the investigation into the $681 million payment into Najib's personal bank account had been closed. The Anti-Corruption Commission investigating the gift, led by Apandi, concluded that no laws had been broken and that the gift did not amount to graft. Apandi was appointed attorney general by Najib in August 2015 after the previous attorney general, Abdul Gani Patail, was abruptly dismissed by Najib. Although Bernama, Malaysia's state-run news service, reported that Abdul Gani was removed for health reasons, many speculated that his dismissal was related to the 1MDB corruption investigation.[165] The Attorney General then said that the [Saudi Royal Family] was the source of the $681 million gift,[166] although doubts remained as the Saudi ministries of foreign affairs and finance had no information on the purported gift.[167]

Najib was reported to have returned $620 million to the Saudi royal family in 2013, but no explanation was given as to the reason for the investment or what happened to the $61 million Najib did not return.[168] Najib hailed the results of the investigation and reiterated his denial of any wrongdoing.

On 28 March 2016, the Australian television programme Four Corners in an episode called State of Fear: Murder and Money in Malaysia,[169] aired new allegations about the large sums of money that have flowed into the bank accounts of Najib Razak.

On 30 March 2016, the Wall Street Journal, Time and several other news agencies reported that Najib and his wife, Rosmah Mansor had spent $15 million on luxury goods and extravagant travel expenses.[170] During Najib Razak's golf diplomacy with U.S. President Barack Obama on 24 December 2014, Malaysian investigation documents show that Rosmah Mansor had purchased items amounting to $130,625 at a Chanel store in Honolulu, Hawaii. The allegation was confirmed when a store employee at the Chanel store in the upscale Ala Moana Center recalled Najib's wife shopping there just before 25 December 2014.[171]

In April 2016, Mohd Nazifuddin Najib, the son of Najib, was named in the Panama Papers.[172]

In July 2016, the United States Department of Justice launched a civil lawsuit[173] to seize American assets worth over US$1 billion (4.1 billion MYR) allegedly obtained from US$3.5 billion (14.38 billion MYR) of misappropriated 1MDB funds. Within the civil lawsuit, a government official of high rank who had control over 1MDB was referred to as "Malaysian Official 1", and mentioned over 30 times. "Malaysian Official 1" was alleged to have received around US$681 million (2.797 billion MYR) of stolen 1MDB money via Falcon Bank, Singapore on 21 and 25 March 2013, of which US$650 million (2.0 billion MYR) was sent back to Falcon Bank on 30 August 2013.[174] In September 2016, Najib was identified as "Malaysian Official 1" by Abdul Rahman Dahlan, Minister in the Prime Minister's Department and the Barisan Nasional strategic communications director. Dahlan also claimed that Najib was not named because he was "not part of this investigation".[175][176]

On 15 June 2017, The United States Department of Justice followed up on its July 2016 lawsuit by issuing a civil action in rem to forfeit assets involved in and traceable to an international conspiracy to launder money misappropriated from 1Malaysia Development Berhad ("a strategic investment and development company wholly-owned by the government of Malaysia"). The writ provided detailed justifications for seeing to forfeit specific items and property located in the United States and abroad, including in the United Kingdom and Switzerland.[177][178]

As a consequence of the 15 June 2017 writ, on 28 February 2018 Indonesian authorities seized the luxury yacht linked to the 1MDB investigations in waters off Bali, on behalf of the FBI.[179] Additionally, on 7 March 2018 in Californian courts, the producers of the 'Wolf of Wall Street' film agreed to pay $60m to settle Justice Department claims it financed the movie with money siphoned from 1MDB.[180]

In a speech in December 2017, US attorney general Jeff Sessions said of the scandal: "This is kleptocracy at its worst."[181][182]

Subsequent arrest, legal proceedings and conviction

Najib Razak
Criminal statusConvicted; currently serving sentence at Kajang Prison
Conviction(s)
  • 3 counts for criminal breach of trust under Section 409 of the Penal Code
  • 3 counts of money laundering under Section 4(1)(b) of Anti-Money Laundering Act, Anti-Terrorism Financing Act and Proceeds of Unlawful Activities Act
  • 1 count of abuse of power under Section 23 of the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) Act 2009
Criminal penalty12 years of imprisonment and fine of RM210 million (with an additional five years of imprisonment upon non-payment of fine) Since commuted to 6 years imprisonment and a RM50 million fine

On 3 July 2018 after the 14th Malaysian general election, Najib was arrested by the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) as part of investigations into how RM42 million (US$10.6 million) went from SRC International into Najib's bank account.[183][184][185] The following day, Najib was indicted in the High Court in Kuala Lumpur on three counts of criminal breach of trust and one count of abuse of power in connection with SRC International funds totalling RM42 million.[186][187][188] He was granted bail at RM1 million after pleading not guilty with his trial set for 18 February 2019.[189]

On 8 August 2018, Najib was charged with three further counts of money laundering as part of the MACC's investigation into the 1MDB scandal. Najib has denied making three transfers totaling RM42 from SRC International into his bank accounts.[190][191][192]

On 10 September 2018, Najib posted a copy of the letter that purportedly came from Prince Saud Abdulaziz Al-Saud of Saudi Arabia on his Facebook account, as a proof of the alleged financial donation of US$100mil (RM304.5mil) given to him in 2011.[193][194] He said he decided to reveal the documents in a bid to clear his name of various accusations and slander, and would continue to do so on his social media accounts.[195][196]

On 19 September 2018, Najib was arrested following two hours of questioning by the MACC, believed to be in relation to the RM2.6 billion donation he received in year 2013. Najib was charged on 20 September 2018 at the Sessions Court in Jalan Duta.[197][198][199] However, he pleaded not guilty and was released on bail after his court appearance.[200] On 21 September, he made a brief appearance at the Sessions Court registry to sign his bail at RM3.5 million for 25 counts of money laundering and abuse of power charges in relation to 1MDB. He has posted RM1 million for his bail, while the remaining RM2.5 million will be settled in instalments by the following week.[201][202] In August 2019, during his second trial, Najib faces four charges of abuse of power and 21 charges of money laundering for receiving illegal transfers of RM 2.3 billion between 2011 and 2014.

On 28 July 2020, the High Court convicted Najib guilty on all seven counts of abuse of power, money laundering and criminal breach of trust in relation to the SRC International case, becoming the first Prime Minister of Malaysia to be convicted of corruption.[23] High Court judge Mohamad Nazlan bin Mohamad Ghazali has delivered the verdict regarding the misappropriation of RM42 million (US$10 million) from SRC International, a former subsidiary of 1MDB.[203] In total, Najib faces 42 charges, of which 35 in another four trials are yet to be decided on.[204]

On the day of his conviction, Najib was sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment and a fine of RM210 million (for the first charge). He was also given six concurrent sentences of 10 years' imprisonment for the other six charges. If he fails to pay the fine, he will be serving another five years in prison. He would be appealing against the verdict of the High Court.[25][26] The High Court granted a stay of execution of the conviction with an increased bail of RM 2 million with reporting to the police on the first and the fifth day of every month.[205]

Appeal

Najib's appeal hearing in front of the Court of Appeal of Malaysia began on 5 April 2021.[206] On 8 December 2021, the Court of Appeal of Malaysia dismissed Najib's appeal, therefore upholding both his conviction and 12-year sentence. Judge Abdul Karim Abdul Jalil has also condemned Najib's actions as a "national embarrassment".[207] Najib's lawyer stated that his client, who remained outside prison on bail, would further appeal to the Federal Court of Malaysia against his conviction and sentence.[208] On 16 August 2022, Malaysia's supreme court rejected Najib's appeal for a retrial, stating that the case had no evidence of bias. The Federal Court indicated that it would hear a final appeal by Razak in the SRC corruption case from 18 August 2022.[209][210]

On 23 August 2022, when the Federal Court was finishing hearing the appeal, Najib's counsel made an application to recuse the Chief Justice Tengku Maimun.[211] This application was dismissed[212] and the Federal Court upheld the Court of Appeal's conviction,[213] handing down its full judgment here. Upon the dissolution of Parliament on 10 October 2022, Najib's Pekan parliamentary seat was automatically vacated, and as he has been convicted of a crime, he is no longer eligible to stand in general elections.

Najib is the first Malaysian former prime minister to be convicted and jailed for corruption.[214] Rumours that he would receive special treatment during his sentence were denied by officials.[215][216]

On 2 February 2024, the Malaysian pardons board, headed by the outgoing Yang di-Pertuan Agong Abdullah of Pahang announced that it had reduced Najib's sentence to six years and reduced fines imposed on him to 50 million ringgit ($10.59 million).[217]

Personal life

 
Najib with his wife Rosmah Mansor in 2009.

In 1976, Najib married Tengku Puteri Zainah Tengku Eskandar ('Kui Yie') with whom he has three children: Mohd Nizar Najib (born 1978), Mohd Nazifuddin Najib and Puteri Norlisa Najib.

In 1987, he divorced Kui Yie and married Datin Seri Rosmah Mansor with whom he has two children: Mohd Norashman Najib and Nooryana Najwa Najib. His daughter Nooryana is married to the nephew of former Kazakhstani President, Nursultan Nazarbayev.[218][219]

Najib's extravagant lifestyle garnered significant attention and controversy during his time in power.[220] His wife Rosmah faced scrutiny for her expensive shopping habits, which allegedly included purchasing luxury handbags, jewelry, and clothing from top fashion brands.[221][222] A large collection of designer handbags, some of which were worth millions of dollars, was seized from their properties during investigations.[223] Najib was accused of using state funds for personal expenses, including covering credit card bills and luxury purchases.[224] These allegations became a focal point of the 1MDB scandal.

Najib Razak is an avid golf lover and is known to have played golf with the two US Presidents – Barack Obama and Donald Trump.[225] Trump referred to Najib as his "favourite prime minister".[226]

Najib Razak has four long-haired cats, named Kiki, Leo, Tiger and Simba.[227]

Election results

Pahang State Legislative Assembly
Year Constituency Candidate Votes Pct Opponent(s) Votes Pct Ballots cast Majority Turnout
1982 N26 Bandar Pekan Najib Razak (UMNO) 3,820 72.50% Mohamed Rusdi Arif (PAS) 1,449 27.50% 5,377 2,371 73.37%
Parliament of Malaysia
Year Constituency Candidate Votes Pct Opponent(s) Votes Pct Ballots cast Majority Turnout
1976 P071 Pekan, Pahang Najib Razak (UMNO) Unopposed
1978 Najib Razak (UMNO) 13,876 76.16% Mohamed Rusdi Arif (PAS) 4,343 23.84% 9,533
1986 P076 Pekan, Pahang Najib Razak (UMNO) 16,431 74.50% Ali Abdullah Lee (PAS) 5,623 25.50% 22,748 10,808 66.87%
1990 Najib Razak (UMNO) 21,262 66.33% Othman Hitam (S46) 10,795 33.67% 33,414 10,467 71.36%
1995 P080 Pekan, Pahang Najib Razak (UMNO) 17,004 73.25% M. Samuel Mohamed Kamil (S46) 6,211 26.75% 24,565 10,793 71.60%
1999 Najib Razak (UMNO) 13,148 50.46% Ramli Mohamed (PAS) 12,907 49.54% 26,797 241 74.78%
2004 Najib Razak (UMNO) 31,956 77.96% Zakaria Dahlan (PAS) 9,034 22.04% 41,046 22,922 77.91%
2008 P085 Pekan, Pahang Najib Razak (UMNO) 36,262 78.73% Khairul Anuar Ahmad Zainudin (PKR) 9,798 21.27% 47,870 26,464 82.23%
2013 Najib Razak (UMNO) 51,278 76.60% Fariz Musa (PKR) 15,665 23.40% 68,464 35,613 85.30%
2018 Najib Razak (UMNO) 43,854 62.10% Ahiatudin Daud (PAS) 18,995 26.90% 70,614 24,859 79.43%
Zahid Mat Arip (BERSATU) 7,662 8.16%

Honours

Honours of Malaysia

Foreign honours

Honorary degrees

Other

On 1 February 2016, FinanceAsia has named Najib as the worst finance minister in 2016. The magazine said that 2015 had been a challenging year for the Malaysian economy, with a "double whammy" of the 1MDB scandal and the collapse in oil prices.[250][251][252]

See also

References

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External links

 
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Parliament of Malaysia
Preceded by Member of the Dewan Rakyat
for Pekan
1976–1982 		Succeeded by
Mohamed Amin Daud
Preceded by
Mohamed Amin Daud
 Member of the Dewan Rakyat
for Pekan
1986–2022 		Succeeded by
Assembly seats
Preceded by
Shamsiah Abdul Hamid
 Member of the Pahang State Legislative Assembly for Bandar Pekan
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Preceded by Minister of Education
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Musa Mohamad
Preceded by Minister of Defence
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President of the United Malays National Organisation
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March 15, 2024
najib, razak, this, malay, name, there, surname, family, name, name, abdul, razak, patronymic, person, should, referred, their, given, name, mohammad, najib, arabic, derived, word, binti, binte, used, means, daughter, respectively, mohammad, najib, haji, abdul. In this Malay name there is no surname or family name The name Abdul Razak is patronymic and the person should be referred to by their given name Mohammad Najib The Arabic derived word bin or binti binte if used means son of or daughter of respectively Mohammad Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak Jawi محمد نجيب بن عبد الرزاق Malay pronunciation muhammad nadʒɪb born 23 July 1953 is a Malaysian politician who served as the sixth Prime Minister of Malaysia from 2009 to 2018 In 2020 he was convicted of corruption in the 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal 3 one of the largest money laundering and embezzlement scandals in history 4 5 He is the son of former prime minister Abdul Razak Hussein Najib Razak was the chairman of the Barisan Nasional BN coalition from April 2009 to May 2018 and the president of the United Malays National Organisation UMNO from November 2008 to May 2018 6 7 8 which had maintained control of Malaysia s government with a parliamentary majority for more than sixty years until the coalition s defeat in the 2018 general election Yang Hormat Dato Sri HajiNajib RazakDK II Pahang DK I Brunei SPMK DMK SSSJ SPSA SSAP SIMP SPDK DUNM DP DSAP PNBSنجيب رزاقOfficial portrait 20096th Prime Minister of MalaysiaIn office 3 April 2009 9 May 2018MonarchsMizan Zainal AbidinAbdul HalimMuhammad VDeputyMuhyiddin YassinAhmad Zahid HamidiPreceded byAbdullah Ahmad BadawiSucceeded byMahathir Mohamad7th President of the United Malays National Organisation ex officio Chairman of Barisan Nasional In office 26 March 2009 12 May 2018DeputyMuhyiddin YassinAhmad Zahid HamidiPreceded byAbdullah Ahmad BadawiSucceeded byAhmad Zahid Hamidi9th Deputy Prime Minister of MalaysiaIn office 7 January 2004 3 April 2009Prime MinisterAbdullah Ahmad BadawiPreceded byAbdullah Ahmad BadawiSucceeded byMuhyiddin Yassin12th Menteri Besar of PahangIn office 4 May 1982 14 August 1986MonarchAhmad ShahDeputyAbdul Rashid Abdul RahmanPreceded byAbdul Rashid Abdul RahmanSucceeded byMohd Khalil YaakobMinisterial portfolios1978 1979Deputy Minister of Energy Telecommunications and Posts1979 1981Deputy Minister of Education1981 1982Deputy Minister of Finance1986 1987Minister of Culture Youth and Sports1987 1990Minister of Youth and Sports1990 1995Minister of Defence1995 1999Minister of Education1999 2008Minister of Defence2008 2018Minister of Finance2012 2013Acting Minister of Women Family and Community DevelopmentParliamentary officesMember of the Malaysian Parliament for PekanIn office 6 October 1986 6 September 2022 1 Preceded byMohamed Amin DaudSucceeded bySh Mohmed Puzi Sh AliIn office 21 February 1976 14 June 1982Preceded byAbdul Razak HusseinSucceeded byMohamed Amin DaudMember of the Pahang State Legislative Assembly for Bandar PekanIn office 1982 1986Preceded byShamsiah Abdul HamidSucceeded byConstituency abolishedPersonal detailsBornMohammad Najib bin Abdul Razak 1953 07 23 23 July 1953 age 70 Kuala Lipis Pahang Federation of MalayaPolitical partyUnited Malays National Organisation UMNO since 1976 Other politicalaffiliationsBarisan Nasional BN since 1976 Muafakat Nasional MN since 2019 Perikatan Nasional PN 2020 2021 SpousesPuteri Zainah Eskandar m 1976 div 1987 wbr Rosmah Mansor m 1987 wbr Children5 including Nazifuddin and Nizar ParentsAbdul Razak Hussein father Rahah Noah mother RelativesHishammuddin Hussein cousin Riza Aziz stepson EducationSt John s InstitutionMalvern CollegeAlma materUniversity of Nottingham BSc 2 SignatureNajib RazakFaction represented in Dewan Rakyat1976 1982Barisan Nasional1986 2022Barisan NasionalFaction represented in Pahang State Legislative Assembly1982 1986Barisan NasionalNajib was elected to the Parliament of Malaysia in 1976 at the age of 23 replacing his deceased father in the Pahang based seat of Pekan In the same year he was appointed the head of UMNO Youth s Pekan branch and became a member of the youth wing s Executive Council In the early years of his political career Najib took on a deputy minister role in 1976 and between 1982 and 1986 he was the Menteri Besar of Pahang Thereafter until 2009 he was rotated throughout the Cabinet of Malaysia taking on various ministerial portfolios in defence education culture youth and sports and finally finance Between 1993 and 2009 Najib was a vice president of UMNO 9 Najib s tenure as prime minister between 2009 and 2018 was marked by economic liberalisation measures such as cuts to government subsidies loosening of restrictions on foreign investment and reductions in preferential measures for ethnic Malays in business After the 2013 election his government pursued a number of its critics on sedition charges the imprisonment of opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim following a conviction for sodomy and the implementation of a Goods and Services Tax GST He also led the country through the Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disaster and a dispute with North Korea following the assassination of Kim Jong nam In 2015 Najib became implicated in a major corruption scandal involving state investment firm 1Malaysia Development Berhad 1MDB which led to rallies calling for his resignation spearheaded by the grassroots movement Bersih 10 11 12 These protests culminated in the Malaysian Citizens Declaration by Mahathir Mohamad Pakatan Harapan and NGOs which sought to oust Najib 13 14 Najib s response to the corruption accusations was to tighten his grip on power by replacing then deputy prime minister Muhyiddin Yassin suspending two newspapers and pushing through parliament a controversial National Security Council Bill that provides the prime minister with unprecedented powers 15 16 Najib s various subsidy cuts have contributed to soaring living costs 17 while fluctuating oil prices and the fallout from the 1MDB scandal led to a depreciation of the Malaysian currency 18 19 These ended with BN s loss in the 2018 general elections the results of which Najib then accepted and promised to help facilitate a smooth transition of power 20 On 3 July 2018 Najib was arrested by the Malaysian Anti Corruption Commission MACC which investigated how RM42 million US 10 6 million went from SRC International a company related to 1MDB into Najib s bank account 21 In the process the police seized a number of fashion accessories worth 273 million while searching through his properties 22 Najib was subsequently charged and convicted by the High Court on abuse of power money laundering and criminal breach of trust becoming the first Prime Minister of Malaysia to be convicted of corruption 23 24 and was sentenced to 12 years imprisonment and fined RM210 million 25 26 The sentence was upheld by the Federal Court on 23 August 2022 27 He is currently serving his sentence in Kajang Prison 28 Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Early political career 3 Senior Ministerial career 3 1 Minister for Defence 1991 1995 3 2 Minister for Education 1995 2000 3 3 Return as Minister for Defence 2000 2008 3 3 1 The Altantuyaa affair 3 4 Deputy Prime Minister 2004 2009 3 5 Becoming Prime Minister 4 Prime Minister 2009 2018 4 1 Domestic policy 4 1 1 1Malaysia 4 1 2 BR1M Project 4 1 3 Housing Programme 4 1 4 National Security Council Bill 2015 4 2 Economic policy 4 2 1 New Economic Model 4 2 2 Reform of government subsidies 4 2 3 Economic liberalisation 4 2 4 Stimulus packages 4 3 Foreign policy and state visits 4 3 1 Palestine 4 3 2 United States 4 3 3 India 4 3 4 Singapore 4 3 5 South Korea 4 3 6 China 4 3 7 Indonesia 4 3 8 New Zealand 4 3 9 Myanmar 4 3 10 Philippines and the Moro people of Mindanao 4 4 LCS scandal 4 5 14th Malaysian general election 5 Post premiership 2018 present 5 1 COVID 19 measure violations 6 Controversies and issues 6 1 Murder of Altantuya Shaariibuu 6 2 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal 6 2 1 Subsequent arrest legal proceedings and conviction 6 2 2 Appeal 7 Personal life 8 Election results 9 Honours 9 1 Honours of Malaysia 9 2 Foreign honours 9 3 Honorary degrees 9 4 Other 10 See also 11 References 12 External linksEarly life and educationNajib was born on 23 July 1953 at the Pahang State Secretary official residence in Bukit Bius 29 Kuala Lipis Pahang Najib is the eldest of second Malaysian Prime Minister Abdul Razak s six sons and the nephew of the third PM Hussein Onn His younger brother Dato Seri Mohd Nazir Abdul Razak 30 runs the country s second largest lender Bumiputra Commerce Holdings Bhd 31 Najib is also one of the Four Noblemen of the Pahang Darul Makmur Royal Court by virtue of his inherited title as the Orang Kaya Indera Shahbandar He received his primary and secondary education at St John s Institution Kuala Lumpur He later attended Malvern College 32 in Worcestershire England and subsequently went to the University of Nottingham where he received a bachelor s degree in industrial economics in 1974 Najib Razak returned to Malaysia in 1974 and entered the business world serving briefly in Bank Negara Malaysia and later with Petronas Malaysia s national oil company as a public affairs manager 33 Early political careerThe eldest son of Malaysian Prime Minister Abdul Razak Hussein was elected to the Parliament of Malaysia in 1976 replacing his deceased father in the Pahang based seat of Pekan The national outpouring of grief following Tun Razak s death and the respect for his father helped Najib win election unopposed as Member of Parliament at the very young age of 23 34 In 1986 Najib won re election to the same seat 34 35 From 1982 to 1986 he was the Menteri Besar Chief Minister of Pahang before holding various cabinet posts throughout the remainder of the 1980s and 1990s including Defence and Education In 2004 he became Deputy Prime Minister under Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi and replaced him 2009 Under his leadership Barisan Nasional won the 2013 elections although for the first time in Malaysia s history the opposition won the majority of the popular vote citation needed Najib was first assigned into the Cabinet of Malaysia at the age of 25 when he was appointed Deputy Minister of Energy Telecommunications and Post in 1978 becoming the youngest deputy minister in the country 36 He served as the Menteri Besar Chief Minister of Pahang between 1982 and 1986 becoming the youngest Menteri Besar in the state to enter office when he was sworn in at the age of 29 37 In 1986 he was appointed as Minister of Culture Youth and Sports in the Cabinet of Mahathir Mohamad He focused on improving Malaysian sports and introduced the National Sports Policy in 1988 In 1989 Malaysia achieved its best ever performance at the South East Asia SEA Games held in Kuala Lumpur 38 nbsp Najib at an UMNO General AssemblyNajib was appointed head of UMNO Youth s Pekan branch and became a member of UMNO Youth s Executive Council Exco in 1976 In 1981 he was selected as a member of UMNO s Supreme Council before winning the post of Vice President of UMNO Youth in 1982 39 40 On 26 October 1987 the then leader of the opposition Lim Kit Siang called for the Anti Corruption Agency to investigate how Najib who was then Pahang MB could give approval for a logging concession of 2000 acres to a resident of a low cost housing estate He asked ACA to investigate whether the logging concessionnaire was in fact a nominee for Najib himself 41 In 1987 Najib was selected as the acting head of the Movement of UMNO Youth by Dato Seri Anwar Ibrahim after Anwar was asked to contest the post of UMNO Vice President Following mounting ethnic tensions anti Chinese sentiments were expressed at a UMNO Youth rally held in Kampung Baru Kuala Lumpur the same year where Najib spoke Rising tensions soon lead to fears of ethnic violence and eventually resulted in a security operation known as Operasi Lalang that included numerous administrative detentions 42 Following the complete reorganisation and founding of the New UMNO by Mahathir Mohamad in the aftermath of the 1988 Malaysian constitutional crisis Najib was appointed president of UMNO Youth in 1988 43 By 1993 Najib was elected as one of six vice presidents of UMNO in response to Anwar s decision to contest as the deputy president of UMNO Najib continued to defend his post in party elections held in 1993 1996 and 2004 9 Senior Ministerial careerMinister for Defence 1991 1995 In 1991 Mahathir appointed Najib as Minister of Defence Under Najib s direction Malaysian troops were deployed to assist the UN peacekeeping forces in Bosnia in 1993 during the Bosnian War 44 Malaysian forces were greeted warmly by Bosnians as well as Serbs and Croats 45 Malaysia also assisted peacekeeping operations in Somalia in 1993 losing one soldier in an effort to aid US soldiers during the Battle of Mogadishu Najib later criticised the UN s Somalia operation as putting too much emphasis on military action 46 Since then Malaysia has stated a preference for participating in Chapter 6 peace enforcement missions rather than Chapter 7 peacekeeping missions 47 After four years at the Ministry of Defence Najib assumed control of the Education Ministry in 1995 He returned to the Ministry of Defence in 2000 48 Japanese raped Malay comfort women but UMNO leader Najib Razak blocked all attempts by other UMNO members like Mustapha Yakub at asking Japan for compensation and apologies 49 50 51 52 Minister for Education 1995 2000 nbsp Najib pictured in May 2002 In 1995 Najib left the Defence Ministry for the first time when he was appointed Minister of Education His challenge was to respond to Malaysia s newly proclaimed aspiration to become a fully developed nation by 2020 The 1996 Private Higher Education Institutions Act allowed foreign universities to establish degree conferring schools in Malaysia providing greater educational opportunities for Malaysians and positioning Malaysia as a regional learning hub 53 During the 1999 general elections Najib suffered a major setback when he barely won re election to the Parliament by a margin of 241 votes compared to a margin of over 10 000 in the previous election This is a surprise to political observers 34 Return as Minister for Defence 2000 2008 During his second tenure as Minister of Defence Najib coordinated Malaysia s relief efforts following the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 and provided support to Indonesia in arresting those responsible for the 2005 Bali bombings 54 Najib also oversaw the deployment of Malaysian troops as a part of a UN peacekeeping force in 2006 when Malaysia volunteered to help stabilise Lebanon following the 2006 Lebanon War 48 As Defence Minister Najib instituted compulsory military service in December 2003 stating that it would encourage interaction and friendship between youth of different ethnic groups and religions 55 During its first five years of operation over 339 000 Malaysian youth participated in the PLKN the Bahasa Malaysian acronym for Malaysian National Service 56 which is intended to promote tolerance teamwork and community engagement The programme however has faced challenges Safety issues in the program have been reported and several people died during or shortly after their terms of service during the program s first few years 57 In response Najib strengthened the PLKN s health screening requirements and reinforced the government s commitment to punish negligent PLKN officials 58 The Altantuyaa affair Main article Murder of Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa French courts investigated allegations of corruption in the purchases of two Scorpene class submarines by the Malaysian Ministry of Defence in 2002 at a time when Najib was the minister of defence The allegations are that Abdul Razak Baginda an aide of Najib received commission payments from the French submarine builder DCNS 59 Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa a Mongolian woman hired as a French translator to facilitate the purchase of the submarines and mistress to Baginda tried to blackmail Baginda for a 500 000 cut and was subsequently murdered 2 policemen who were bodyguards posted to Najib were charged and found guilty 60 61 62 Reviewing the Altantuyaa case Tommy Thomas Attorney General of Malaysia from 2018 to 2020 wrote that the evidence implicated not only Najib Razak as the person who gave one of the bodyguards the order to kill but also his aide de camp Musa Safri 63 Deputy Prime Minister 2004 2009 In 2004 Mahathir retired and was replaced by his deputy Abdullah Ahmad Badawi Najib became Deputy Prime Minister and was given a broad portfolio of responsibilities including oversight of FELDA the Human Rights Commission SUHAKAM and the Election Commission EC Najib also chaired more than 28 cabinet committees 64 He remained as Minister for Defence In September 2008 Najib became the Minister for Finance handing the Defence portfolio to Badawi 65 During the global financial crisis Malaysia faced a strong recession and reduced levels of trade throughout the South Asian region In response Najib announced a series of stimulus packages to be implemented over a two year period with the intention of acting as a countercyclical response that might otherwise protect Malaysia s economy He also pressed for the country to move beyond existing manufacturing capabilities through education research and development to develop greater strength as a provider of sophisticated business services 66 Becoming Prime Minister After a poor showing by the ruling UMNO coalition in the elections of 8 March 2008 in which opposition parties gained control of five of thirteen Malaysian state governments Badawi identified Najib as his intended successor On 8 October 2008 Prime Minister Badawi announced he would step down in March 2009 paving the way for Najib to succeed him However he said the onus was on Najib to win party elections set for March before he could take over 67 Najib ran for the presidency of UMNO and went on to win on 2 November 2008 without contest 7 On 26 March 2009 Najib won the UMNO presidency unopposed He was sworn in as Prime Minister of Malaysia on 3 April 2009 68 In 2012 Najib also assumed the role of women family and community development minister a position he held until the 2013 election 69 Prime Minister 2009 2018 Main article Premiership of Najib Razak During his tenure as Prime Minister Najib implemented various economic and infrastructure development programs including the 1Malaysia Development Berhad 1MDB initiative However his leadership was marred by allegations of corruption and misappropriation of funds related to the 1MDB scandal which led to his political downfall In this scandal it was alleged that billions of dollars were siphoned off from the 1MDB state investment fund which Najib was closely associated with into his personal accounts and those of his associates These funds were purportedly used for various personal expenses including luxury real estate artwork and even financing the production of Hollywood films Najib consistently denied any wrongdoing and claimed that the funds in his personal accounts were donations from a Saudi royal family member which he said were used for political purposes and not for personal gain However investigations by various authorities in multiple countries including the United States and Switzerland uncovered evidence suggesting a different story In 2018 Najib s political career faced a significant setback when his party Barisan Nasional lost the general elections to the Pakatan Harapan coalition Subsequently he faced legal charges related to the 1MDB scandal Domestic policy 1Malaysia Main article 1Malaysia 1Malaysia is an ongoing campaign announced by Najib on 16 September 2008 calling for the cabinet government agencies and civil servants to emphasise ethnic harmony national unity and efficient governance 70 The eight values of 1Malaysia as articulated by Najib are perseverance a culture of excellence acceptance loyalty education humility integrity and meritocracy 71 While the concept aimed to promote national unity and inclusiveness some critics argued that it was primarily a political slogan and that it did not lead to significant policy changes to address the underlying issues of ethnic and cultural diversity in the country On 17 September 2008 Najib launched 1Malaysia com my 72 in an effort to communicate with the citizens of Malaysia more efficiently and support the broader 1Malaysia campaign He has used the site to highlight his policy initiatives and to provide a forum for Malaysians to their government The 1Malaysia campaign makes extensive use of social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter 73 74 Research has suggested that Najib and UMNO have made extensive efforts to establish a favourable online presence through the recruitment and support of bloggers and other social media users sometimes known as cybertroopers 75 However Najib has been criticised for an apparent deterioration of race relations in Malaysia during his tenure that has occurred despite the 1Malaysia programme In 2014 the long serving former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad withdrew his support for Najib citing among other things the abandonment by Chinese voters of the Barisan Nasional coalition 76 Najib s tenure has also been marked by increasingly aggressive racial rhetoric from elements within Najib s UMNO party particularly towards Chinese Malaysians 77 Additionally there who were concerns that the government s efforts to promote 1Malaysia were seen by some as a way to consolidate power and influence So while the 1Malaysia concept was intended to promote unity and inclusiveness it did face controversy and criticism from various quarters during Najib Razak s tenure as Prime Minister BR1M Project The first BR1M Project was a scheme devised by Najib Razak to help poor Malaysians The amount of RM 500 00 Ringgit Malaysia was given to households with an income of less than RM 3 000 a month 78 nbsp Najib and his wife Rosmah waving flags during the Malaysia Day celebration in Kuala Lumpur 16 September 2011The second BR1M Project also known as BR1M 2 0 with more than 2 5 billion ringgit will be distributed to Malaysians nationwide This will affect 5 7 million household all over the country In addition to the RM 500 00 for household the government has also allocated RM 250 00 to single individuals Those who have received RM 500 00 from the first BR1M project need not apply as it will be automatically processed 79 BR1M 4 0 which was announced in 2014 saw an increase in handouts from RM 650 to RM 950 for individuals earning less than RM 2 000 00 while households earning less than RM 4 000 will receive RM 750 80 81 82 83 84 Housing Programme Main article 1Malaysia People s Housing Programme Perumahan Rakyat 1Malaysia PR1MA Berhad was established under the PR1MA Act 2012 to plan develop construct and maintain affordable lifestyle housing for middle income households in key urban centres Middle income is defined as a monthly household husband and wife income of between RM 2 500 and RM 7 500 85 PR1MA will be the first organisation that exclusively targets this middle segment with homes ranging from RM 100 000 to RM 400 000 in a sustainable community 86 National Security Council Bill 2015 Main article National Security Council Malaysia In December 2015 the National Security Council Bill 2015 was passed in Parliament after a marathon six hour debate The bill provides the Prime Minister of Malaysia with unprecedented powers such as the ability to define what constitutes a security issue as well as deem any part of Malaysia a security area 87 Within that area authorities may make arrests conduct searches or seize property without a warrant 88 The bill was criticised by rights groups as inviting government abuse 89 The Malaysian Bar called it a lurch towards an authoritarian government 90 The government has defended the bill with cabinet minister Shahidan Kassim saying the law is necessary to enable better co ordination and a uniform response in the event the country is faced with security threats and that the law does not contravene the basic human rights guaranteed under the federal constitution 88 Economic policy Main article Economic policy of the Najib Razak government nbsp Najib addressing the Annual Meeting 2013 of the World Economic Forum in Davos Switzerland 25 January 2013 nbsp Najib meeting British Secretary of State for Business Innovation and Skills Vince Cable in London 13 July 2011New Economic Model Main article New Economic Model On 2 May 2009 Najib announced the government s plan to develop a New Economic Model that will speed Malaysia s transition to a high income country The plan will emphasise ways to increase the income and productivity of workers by encouraging knowledge industries and increasing investment from overseas citation needed Reform of government subsidies Main article Subsidy reform in Malaysia Najib has started to implement comprehensive reform of government subsidies On 16 July 2010 subsidies for petrol diesel and LPG were cut as part of Malaysia s general programme of reducing and rationalising subsidies per the 10th Malaysia Plan and the New Economic Model The government believes it will save RM 750 million by the end of 2010 through these measures with little negative impact on most citizens Sugar and fuel subsidies were selected for reform because they disproportionately benefit the wealthy and foreigners encourage over consumption and create opportunities for fraud and smuggling 91 Najib expressed his hope that Malaysians would adopt a healthier lifestyle He said there is no logic in the government allocating subsidies worth almost RM1 billion on a commodity that could endanger the people s health 92 Responding to concerns about how these reforms might affect the poor the Prime Minister s Office pointed out that Malaysia will still be spending RM 7 82 billion per year on fuel and sugar subsidies and that prices for these commodities would remain the lowest in Southeast Asia The government also stated that education and health care would continue receiving state support 93 Economic liberalisation Malaysia has implemented substantial measures to attract foreign investment including a moderation of preferences designed to benefit ethnic Malays Specifically these reforms include allowing foreign investors to hold majority stakes in most enterprises excluding strategic industries such as banking telecommunications and energy easing insurance regulation curtailing powers of the Foreign Investment Committee and lowering the minimum quota for Malay ownership in publicly traded companies from 30 percent to 12 5 percent As he introduced the reforms Najib stated The world is changing quickly and we must be ready to change with it or risk being left behind 94 Since these reforms have been implemented the American banking firms Goldman Sachs and Citigroup have been granted permission to expand their operations in Malaysia Goldman Sachs received licenses to set up fund management and advisory operations Citigroup has obtained a permit to offer brokerage services The approval of these licenses is a sharp break from Malaysia s history of domestically dominated and tightly regulated markets for financial services citation needed The International Institute for Management Development responded to these and other reforms by increasing Malaysia s ranking to the 10th most competitive economy in the world in 2010 from 18th in 2009 Malaysia which is now ranked fifth in the Asia Pacific region scored well in business and government efficiency Economists attributed the rise of Malaysia s ranking to the efforts of the Malaysian government to improve the country s business environment such as the New Economic Model the Government Transformation Programme and the Economic Transformation Programme 95 Stimulus packages The Malaysian government passed two stimulus packages to mitigate the effects of the global economic downturn The first stimulus package worth RM 7 billion was announced on 4 November 2008 The second package worth RM 60 billion was announced on 10 March 2009 Since assuming office as Prime Minister Najib has been monitoring the progress of the stimulus packages on a weekly basis Government economists believe that the stimulus packages have successfully generated increased economic activity especially in the construction sector Malaysia s central bank reported that Malaysia s economy grew at an annualised rate of 9 5 during the first half of 2010 Najib says the country is on track to meet the 6 average annual growth to reach its goal of becoming a developed country by 2020 Commenting on this same economic data Najib said that as of August 2010 there were no plans for further economic stimulus Rather he said the government would focus on improving Malaysia s economic fundamentals and increasing investment 96 Foreign policy and state visits Main article Foreign relations of Malaysia nbsp Najib meeting US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in Vladivostok 9 September 2012Palestine Main article Malaysia Palestine relations The government of Malaysia has long been a strong supporter of the Palestinian cause against the Israeli occupation of the West Bank 97 Malaysia also supports unity between the Palestinian Fatah and Hamas factions Najib visited the West Bank with his wife Rosmah Mansor escorted by senior officers of the Malaysian government 98 Najib became the first Muslim leader from South East Asia to set foot on Palestinian soil 99 Najib says Palestinians can count on Malaysia but for there to be lasting peace Hamas and Fatah must unite to safeguard the safety and security of the Palestinian people Malaysia will give Palestine the moral financial and political support it needs to rise above its struggles but securing a future of lasting peace hinges on the Palestinians being united Najib also stated that for Palestine to move towards having a future it envisioned Palestinians would have to take the first step to unite among themselves 100 United States Main article Malaysia United States relations Najib s visit in September 2017 to the United States on the invitation of President Donald Trump successfully strengthened the Comprehensive Partnership that was established between Malaysia and the United States in 2014 101 Najib enjoyed a close personal relationship with then US President Barack Obama and managed to upgrade Malaysia US relations to a comprehensive partnership 102 103 Najib and Obama met just before the Nuclear Security Summit in Washington on 12 April 2010 This was their first one on one meeting During their talk Obama sought further assistance from Malaysia in stemming nuclear proliferation which Obama described as the greatest threat to world security 104 During the summit Najib stressed that Malaysia only supported nuclear programmes designed for peaceful purposes Najib s attendance at the summit was part of a week long official visit to the United States 105 India Main article India Malaysia relations nbsp Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi meeting Najib in Putrajaya Malaysia on 23 November 2015Najib travelled to India on a five day state visit in January 2010 His 200 strong entourage included cabinet ministers deputy ministers state government officials members of parliament and prominent business leaders 106 During his visit Najib pushed for a free trade agreement and co operation across a wide range of fields 107 Najib and Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh signed an extradition treaty and agreements to co operate in the areas of higher education and finance The two countries agreed to sign a free trade agreement before the end of 2010 and Najib called for signing a Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement by the same date 108 These economic agreements have resulted in plans for RM 1 6 trillion in investment for Malaysia 109 In January 2010 Najib announced plans to develop a new visa regime for Indian nationals specifically for managers and knowledge workers to visit Malaysia 110 Singapore Main article Malaysia Singapore relations Najib made a two day visit to Singapore on 21 22 May 2009 During the visit both Najib and Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong agreed to move bilateral relations forward in a more productive manner and will either set aside or resolve the legacy problems between the two countries During a speech in Singapore Najib said he hoped his visit would signal the beginning of a new era between the two countries 111 in 2010 Najib resolved a key diplomatic problem between the two countries by ending the impasse over transportation links and Singaporean investment in Iskandar Malaysia He and Lee Hsien Loong have agreed to modify the Points of Agreement signed in 1990 Specifically the two sides have promised to move the KTM railway station from Tanjung Pagar to Woodlands set up a joint venture to be called M S Pte Ltd to develop Marina One and DUO in Bugis but the railway tracks were replaced by the Green Corridor develop a rapid transit and high speed rail links and allow Temasek and Khazanah to set up a joint venture for the purpose of developing a town in Iskandar Malaysia 112 South Korea Main article Malaysia South Korea relations Najib attended the ASEAN South Korea Summit on 1 June 2009 hosted by South Korean President Lee Myung Bak During the summit the ASEAN Korea Investment Agreement was signed to boost economic and trade relations between ASEAN and South Korea After the summit Najib said Malaysia is keen on emulating South Korea in developing a small scale nuclear reactor for power generation as well as South Korea s other low carbon green technology 113 China Main article China Malaysia relations Najib made a four day visit to China on 2 5 June 2009 During the visit Najib mentioned his family s special relationship with China noting that his father and Malaysia s second Prime Minister first established diplomatic relations with China in 1974 During the visit several substantive issues were discussed in meetings between Najib and Chinese President Hu Jintao and Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao The two sides signed an endorsed strategic action plan covering 13 major areas which will serve as the guideline for relations between Malaysia and China Najib described the trip as most fruitful Najib also received an honorary doctorate in international relations from the Beijing Foreign Studies University 114 Indonesia Main article Indonesia Malaysia relations nbsp Najib with President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in Putrajaya on 18 December 2012 Najib made a visit to Indonesia on 22 24 April 2009 Several issues were discussed including co operation in the tourism oil and gas and high technology industries as well as electricity supply from the Bakun dam to Kalimantan Najib and his entourage also attended an official dinner hosted by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and his wife Ani Yudhoyono citation needed New Zealand Main article Malaysia New Zealand relations Under Najib s government Malaysia signed a free trade agreement FTA with New Zealand on 26 October 2009 to take effect 1 August 2010 The agreement will reduce or eliminate tariffs on thousands of industrial and agricultural products The two countries have also agreed to reciprocate most favoured nation status in private education engineering services environmental protection mining services and information technology 115 Myanmar In a protest rally in December 2016 Najib criticized the Myanmar authorities for the military crackdown on Rohingya Muslims and described the ongoing persecution as genocide 116 117 Philippines and the Moro people of Mindanao Main articles Malaysia Philippines relations and Peace process with the Bangsamoro in the Philippines nbsp President Rodrigo Duterte and his delegation meeting with Najib and other Malaysian ministers in Perdana Square Putrajaya 10 November 2016 The Moro Islamic Liberation Front has always favoured Malaysia as a mediator in their effort of becoming an autonomous state On 15 October 2012 the Moro rebels and Philippine authorities devised a peace agreement brokered by Malaysia During the official signing ceremony the Malaysian government was invited as a witness to the treaty 118 LCS scandal Najib has been implicated in the misappropriation of funds in the purchase of littoral combat ships LCS There is a perception that Najib was the most powerful decision maker in the LCS procurement arrangements as he was both prime minister and finance minister at the time April 2009 119 In 2022 Najib commented that the project was given to contractor Boustead Naval Shipyard Sdn Bhd because it was owned by the Armed Forces Fund Board LTAT and all profits of the project would thus go to the armed forces 120 14th Malaysian general election Malaysia held its 14th general election in May 2018 Barisan Nasional was dealt a surprising defeat failing to win a majority for the first time in the country s history Observers credited the unpopular Goods and Services Tax as well as the swirling 1MDB corruption scandal as key factors in the defeat 121 On 12 May 2018 Najib resigned as President of UMNO and Chairman of BN and was replaced by UMNO vice president Hishammuddin Hussein 122 Post premiership 2018 present Najib accepted the defeat and pledged to facilitate a smooth transfer of power On 12 May 2018 three days after he lost the general elections a flight manifest stated that Najib and his wife Rosmah were taking a private jet to Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport in Jakarta 123 In response the Immigration Department upon the orders of Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad imposed a travel ban barring their exit from the country 124 Amidst the country s mood turning against him Najib resigned as the leader of UMNO and Barisan Nasional on the same day 125 The newly elected Pakatan Harapan government swiftly reopened investigations into the 1MDB scandal Since 16 May 2018 the Malaysian police have searched six properties linked to Najib and Rosmah as part of the investigation into the 1MDB scandal They have seized 284 boxes filled with designer handbags 72 large luggage bags containing cash in multiple currencies and other valuables The Malaysian police commissioner confirmed that the police seized goods with an estimated value of between US 223 and US 273 million 126 127 The police described it as the biggest seizure in Malaysian history 128 In January 2019 a 7 second video clip of Najib uttered Malu Apa Bossku What s there to be ashamed of my boss went viral on the internet Najib later released a picture of him posed on a Yamaha Y150 motorcycle with the registration plate 8055KU BOSSKU 129 The catchphrase and the picture went viral on social media especially with Malay youths and inspired videos memes t shirts caps vehicle stickers and a music video 130 131 The phenomenon has contributed to Najib s rise in popularity 132 Najib also claimed that his Bossku phenomenon has contributed to a victory for his party in 2020 Kimanis by election 133 In December 2023 his lawyer Mohamed Shafee Abdullah stated that Najib already requested to pursue Doctor of Philosophy PhD while serving his jail sentence in the prison 134 COVID 19 measure violations On 6 May 2021 amid the COVID 19 pandemic in Malaysia Najib was given two fines amounting to RM3 000 for failing to comply with standard operating procedures SOPs of the conditional movement control order CMCO at a chicken rice restaurant 135 On 11 January 2022 the police opened an investigation into an event attended by Najib over claims that there was a breach of COVID 19 SOPs 136 On 27 February 2022 Health Minister Khairy Jamaluddin said he will review a video depicting Najib purportedly violating COVID 19 SOPs during a campaign visit in Perling Johor 137 On 10 March 2022 Health Minister Khairy Jamaluddin revealed that his ministry had issued 42 compound notices for the violation of SOPs during the campaign period for the Johor election including five to Najib 138 139 140 Controversies and issuesMain article Najib Razak controversies Murder of Altantuya Shaariibuu Main article Murder of Altantuya Shaariibuu Mongolian model Altantuya Shaariibuu disappeared outside the house of Abdul Razak Baginda formerly a close associate of Najib on October 19 2006 She was never seen alive again Three weeks later her remains were found in a forest in Selangor In 2008 Abdul Razak was acquitted by the High Court of abetment in the murder of Altantuyaa 141 In 2015 Chief Inspector Azilah Hadri and Corporal Sirul Azhar Umar were found guilty of her murder and sentenced to death 142 In 2007 a Mongolian witness caused a stir in court when she revealed that Altantuya had been photographed having a meal with a Malaysian government official named Najib 143 Detective P Balasubramaniam also linked Najib to Altantuya in a statutory declaration SD on July 3 2008 144 Najib has repeatedly denied knowing Altantuya or that he had any part in her death 145 146 147 Reviewing the Altantuyaa case Tommy Thomas Attorney General of Malaysia from 2018 to 2020 wrote that the evidence implicated not only Najib Razak as the person who gave one of the bodyguards the order to kill but also his aide de camp Musa Safri 63 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal Main article 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal On 2 July 2015 The Wall Street Journal ran an expose alleging that MYR 2 672 billion US 700 million had been channelled from 1MDB into Najib s personal bank accounts triggering widespread calls for his resignation 148 149 150 Najib denied any wrongdoing and announced plans to sue the newspaper for libel 151 but eventually failed to do so 152 On 6 July 2015 amid the 1MDB scandal the ringgit fell to 3 8050 against the US dollar the first time it slid beyond the 3 80 currency peg which was lifted in 2005 153 To back up the allegations on 7 July 2015 The Wall Street Journal released a batch of partially redacted documents that purportedly show how nearly US 700 million RM2 6 billion was moved from 1MDB into Najib s personal bank accounts These documents relate to transactions in March 2013 December 2014 and February 2015 154 The multi agency task force investigating these allegations reported on 10 July 2015 that Najib s bank accounts at AmBank Islamic were closed before The Wall Street Journal reported the transfers of billions of ringgit to those accounts thereby confirming that Najib had two accounts at that bank The task force also confirmed that the six accounts it had just frozen did not belong to Najib but did not name the holders of those accounts 155 Najib s handling of the corruption scandal was criticised by among others former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad and then Deputy Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin During Najib s mid term Cabinet reshuffle on 28 July 2015 Najib dropped Muhyiddin from his position as Deputy Prime Minister as well as other Ministers who had been critical of his leadership Najib stated that the reason for this was to create a more unified team 156 On 1 August 2015 Najib addressed UMNO delegates in Seremban and in a clear reference to the Sarawak Report the London based whistleblower site founded and operated by journalist Clare Rewcastle Brown demanded that white people stay out of Malaysia s affairs and stressed that he valued loyalty above all and not smart people 157 On 3 August 2015 the Malaysian Anti Corruption Commission stated that the RM 2 6 billion that had been banked into Najib s personal account came from donors not 1MDB 158 but did not elaborate on who the donors were or why the funds were transferred nor why this explanation had taken so long to emerge since the allegations were first made on 2 July 2015 159 160 Umno Kuantan division chief Wan Adnan Wan Mamat later claimed that the RM 2 6 billion was from Saudi Arabia as thanks for fighting ISIS He further claimed that the Muslim community in the Philippines as well as southern Thailand had also received similar donations and that since the donations were made to Najib personally as opposed to UMNO the funds were deposited into Najib s personal accounts 161 The scandal took a dramatic twist on 28 August 2015 when a member of Najib s own party Anina Saaduddin UMNO s Langkawi Wanita women s representative filed a civil suit against him alleging a breach of duties as trustee and that he defrauded party members by failing to disclose receipt of the donated funds and account for their use This suit was filed in the Kuala Lumpur High Court and also named party Executive Secretary Abdul Rauf Yusof Expressing fear that Najib would wield influence to remove any member of UMNO for the sole purpose of avoiding liability the court was also petitioned for an injunction to restrain UMNO its Supreme Council state liaison body divisions and branches from removing the nominal plaintiff as a party member pending the determination of the suit The plaintiff also sought repayment amounting to US 650 million the amount allegedly deposited by Najib to a Singapore bank an account of all monies that he had received in the form of donations details of all monies in the AmPrivate Banking Account No 2112022009694 allegedly belonging to Najib along with damages costs and other reliefs 162 On 21 September 2015 the New York Times reported that US investigators were investigating allegations of corruption involving Najib as well as people close to him In particular investigators focused on properties in the United States that were purchased in recent years by shell companies owned by Najib s stepson Riza Aziz or connected to a close family friend as well as a 681 million payment made to what is believed to be Najib s personal bank account 163 The claimed MYR 2 6 billion donation into Najib s personal accounts led the opposition to table a no confidence motion against Najib on 18 October 2015 164 On 26 January 2016 Malaysia s Attorney General Mohamed Apandi Ali announced that the investigation into the 681 million payment into Najib s personal bank account had been closed The Anti Corruption Commission investigating the gift led by Apandi concluded that no laws had been broken and that the gift did not amount to graft Apandi was appointed attorney general by Najib in August 2015 after the previous attorney general Abdul Gani Patail was abruptly dismissed by Najib Although Bernama Malaysia s state run news service reported that Abdul Gani was removed for health reasons many speculated that his dismissal was related to the 1MDB corruption investigation 165 The Attorney General then said that the Saudi Royal Family was the source of the 681 million gift 166 although doubts remained as the Saudi ministries of foreign affairs and finance had no information on the purported gift 167 Najib was reported to have returned 620 million to the Saudi royal family in 2013 but no explanation was given as to the reason for the investment or what happened to the 61 million Najib did not return 168 Najib hailed the results of the investigation and reiterated his denial of any wrongdoing On 28 March 2016 the Australian television programme Four Corners in an episode called State of Fear Murder and Money in Malaysia 169 aired new allegations about the large sums of money that have flowed into the bank accounts of Najib Razak On 30 March 2016 the Wall Street Journal Time and several other news agencies reported that Najib and his wife Rosmah Mansor had spent 15 million on luxury goods and extravagant travel expenses 170 During Najib Razak s golf diplomacy with U S President Barack Obama on 24 December 2014 Malaysian investigation documents show that Rosmah Mansor had purchased items amounting to 130 625 at a Chanel store in Honolulu Hawaii The allegation was confirmed when a store employee at the Chanel store in the upscale Ala Moana Center recalled Najib s wife shopping there just before 25 December 2014 171 In April 2016 Mohd Nazifuddin Najib the son of Najib was named in the Panama Papers 172 In July 2016 the United States Department of Justice launched a civil lawsuit 173 to seize American assets worth over US 1 billion 4 1 billion MYR allegedly obtained from US 3 5 billion 14 38 billion MYR of misappropriated 1MDB funds Within the civil lawsuit a government official of high rank who had control over 1MDB was referred to as Malaysian Official 1 and mentioned over 30 times Malaysian Official 1 was alleged to have received around US 681 million 2 797 billion MYR of stolen 1MDB money via Falcon Bank Singapore on 21 and 25 March 2013 of which US 650 million 2 0 billion MYR was sent back to Falcon Bank on 30 August 2013 174 In September 2016 Najib was identified as Malaysian Official 1 by Abdul Rahman Dahlan Minister in the Prime Minister s Department and the Barisan Nasional strategic communications director Dahlan also claimed that Najib was not named because he was not part of this investigation 175 176 On 15 June 2017 The United States Department of Justice followed up on its July 2016 lawsuit by issuing a civil action in rem to forfeit assets involved in and traceable to an international conspiracy to launder money misappropriated from 1Malaysia Development Berhad a strategic investment and development company wholly owned by the government of Malaysia The writ provided detailed justifications for seeing to forfeit specific items and property located in the United States and abroad including in the United Kingdom and Switzerland 177 178 As a consequence of the 15 June 2017 writ on 28 February 2018 Indonesian authorities seized the luxury yacht linked to the 1MDB investigations in waters off Bali on behalf of the FBI 179 Additionally on 7 March 2018 in Californian courts the producers of the Wolf of Wall Street film agreed to pay 60m to settle Justice Department claims it financed the movie with money siphoned from 1MDB 180 In a speech in December 2017 US attorney general Jeff Sessions said of the scandal This is kleptocracy at its worst 181 182 Subsequent arrest legal proceedings and conviction Najib RazakCriminal statusConvicted currently serving sentence at Kajang PrisonConviction s 3 counts for criminal breach of trust under Section 409 of the Penal Code3 counts of money laundering under Section 4 1 b of Anti Money Laundering Act Anti Terrorism Financing Act and Proceeds of Unlawful Activities Act1 count of abuse of power under Section 23 of the Malaysian Anti Corruption Commission MACC Act 2009Criminal penalty12 years of imprisonment and fine of RM210 million with an additional five years of imprisonment upon non payment of fine Since commuted to 6 years imprisonment and a RM50 million fineOn 3 July 2018 after the 14th Malaysian general election Najib was arrested by the Malaysian Anti Corruption Commission MACC as part of investigations into how RM42 million US 10 6 million went from SRC International into Najib s bank account 183 184 185 The following day Najib was indicted in the High Court in Kuala Lumpur on three counts of criminal breach of trust and one count of abuse of power in connection with SRC International funds totalling RM42 million 186 187 188 He was granted bail at RM1 million after pleading not guilty with his trial set for 18 February 2019 189 On 8 August 2018 Najib was charged with three further counts of money laundering as part of the MACC s investigation into the 1MDB scandal Najib has denied making three transfers totaling RM42 from SRC International into his bank accounts 190 191 192 On 10 September 2018 Najib posted a copy of the letter that purportedly came from Prince Saud Abdulaziz Al Saud of Saudi Arabia on his Facebook account as a proof of the alleged financial donation of US 100mil RM304 5mil given to him in 2011 193 194 He said he decided to reveal the documents in a bid to clear his name of various accusations and slander and would continue to do so on his social media accounts 195 196 On 19 September 2018 Najib was arrested following two hours of questioning by the MACC believed to be in relation to the RM2 6 billion donation he received in year 2013 Najib was charged on 20 September 2018 at the Sessions Court in Jalan Duta 197 198 199 However he pleaded not guilty and was released on bail after his court appearance 200 On 21 September he made a brief appearance at the Sessions Court registry to sign his bail at RM3 5 million for 25 counts of money laundering and abuse of power charges in relation to 1MDB He has posted RM1 million for his bail while the remaining RM2 5 million will be settled in instalments by the following week 201 202 In August 2019 during his second trial Najib faces four charges of abuse of power and 21 charges of money laundering for receiving illegal transfers of RM 2 3 billion between 2011 and 2014 On 28 July 2020 the High Court convicted Najib guilty on all seven counts of abuse of power money laundering and criminal breach of trust in relation to the SRC International case becoming the first Prime Minister of Malaysia to be convicted of corruption 23 High Court judge Mohamad Nazlan bin Mohamad Ghazali has delivered the verdict regarding the misappropriation of RM42 million US 10 million from SRC International a former subsidiary of 1MDB 203 In total Najib faces 42 charges of which 35 in another four trials are yet to be decided on 204 On the day of his conviction Najib was sentenced to 12 years imprisonment and a fine of RM210 million for the first charge He was also given six concurrent sentences of 10 years imprisonment for the other six charges If he fails to pay the fine he will be serving another five years in prison He would be appealing against the verdict of the High Court 25 26 The High Court granted a stay of execution of the conviction with an increased bail of RM 2 million with reporting to the police on the first and the fifth day of every month 205 Appeal Najib s appeal hearing in front of the Court of Appeal of Malaysia began on 5 April 2021 206 On 8 December 2021 the Court of Appeal of Malaysia dismissed Najib s appeal therefore upholding both his conviction and 12 year sentence Judge Abdul Karim Abdul Jalil has also condemned Najib s actions as a national embarrassment 207 Najib s lawyer stated that his client who remained outside prison on bail would further appeal to the Federal Court of Malaysia against his conviction and sentence 208 On 16 August 2022 Malaysia s supreme court rejected Najib s appeal for a retrial stating that the case had no evidence of bias The Federal Court indicated that it would hear a final appeal by Razak in the SRC corruption case from 18 August 2022 209 210 On 23 August 2022 when the Federal Court was finishing hearing the appeal Najib s counsel made an application to recuse the Chief Justice Tengku Maimun 211 This application was dismissed 212 and the Federal Court upheld the Court of Appeal s conviction 213 handing down its full judgment here Upon the dissolution of Parliament on 10 October 2022 Najib s Pekan parliamentary seat was automatically vacated and as he has been convicted of a crime he is no longer eligible to stand in general elections Najib is the first Malaysian former prime minister to be convicted and jailed for corruption 214 Rumours that he would receive special treatment during his sentence were denied by officials 215 216 On 2 February 2024 the Malaysian pardons board headed by the outgoing Yang di Pertuan Agong Abdullah of Pahang announced that it had reduced Najib s sentence to six years and reduced fines imposed on him to 50 million ringgit 10 59 million 217 Personal life nbsp Najib with his wife Rosmah Mansor in 2009 In 1976 Najib married Tengku Puteri Zainah Tengku Eskandar Kui Yie with whom he has three children Mohd Nizar Najib born 1978 Mohd Nazifuddin Najib and Puteri Norlisa Najib In 1987 he divorced Kui Yie and married Datin Seri Rosmah Mansor with whom he has two children Mohd Norashman Najib and Nooryana Najwa Najib His daughter Nooryana is married to the nephew of former Kazakhstani President Nursultan Nazarbayev 218 219 Najib s extravagant lifestyle garnered significant attention and controversy during his time in power 220 His wife Rosmah faced scrutiny for her expensive shopping habits which allegedly included purchasing luxury handbags jewelry and clothing from top fashion brands 221 222 A large collection of designer handbags some of which were worth millions of dollars was seized from their properties during investigations 223 Najib was accused of using state funds for personal expenses including covering credit card bills and luxury purchases 224 These allegations became a focal point of the 1MDB scandal Najib Razak is an avid golf lover and is known to have played golf with the two US Presidents Barack Obama and Donald Trump 225 Trump referred to Najib as his favourite prime minister 226 Najib Razak has four long haired cats named Kiki Leo Tiger and Simba 227 Election resultsPahang State Legislative Assembly Year Constituency Candidate Votes Pct Opponent s Votes Pct Ballots cast Majority Turnout1982 N26 Bandar Pekan Najib Razak UMNO 3 820 72 50 Mohamed Rusdi Arif PAS 1 449 27 50 5 377 2 371 73 37 Parliament of Malaysia Year Constituency Candidate Votes Pct Opponent s Votes Pct Ballots cast Majority Turnout1976 P071 Pekan Pahang Najib Razak UMNO Unopposed1978 Najib Razak UMNO 13 876 76 16 Mohamed Rusdi Arif PAS 4 343 23 84 9 5331986 P076 Pekan Pahang Najib Razak UMNO 16 431 74 50 Ali Abdullah Lee PAS 5 623 25 50 22 748 10 808 66 87 1990 Najib Razak UMNO 21 262 66 33 Othman Hitam S46 10 795 33 67 33 414 10 467 71 36 1995 P080 Pekan Pahang Najib Razak UMNO 17 004 73 25 M Samuel Mohamed Kamil S46 6 211 26 75 24 565 10 793 71 60 1999 Najib Razak UMNO 13 148 50 46 Ramli Mohamed PAS 12 907 49 54 26 797 241 74 78 2004 Najib Razak UMNO 31 956 77 96 Zakaria Dahlan PAS 9 034 22 04 41 046 22 922 77 91 2008 P085 Pekan Pahang Najib Razak UMNO 36 262 78 73 Khairul Anuar Ahmad Zainudin PKR 9 798 21 27 47 870 26 464 82 23 2013 Najib Razak UMNO 51 278 76 60 Fariz Musa PKR 15 665 23 40 68 464 35 613 85 30 2018 Najib Razak UMNO 43 854 62 10 Ahiatudin Daud PAS 18 995 26 90 70 614 24 859 79 43 Zahid Mat Arip BERSATU 7 662 8 16 HonoursHonours of Malaysia nbsp Pahang nbsp Knight Companion of the Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang DSAP Dato nbsp Grand Knight of the Order of the Crown of Pahang SIMP formerly Dato now Dato Indera nbsp Grand Knight of the Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang SSAP Dato Sri 1985 228 nbsp Member 2nd class of the Family Order of the Crown of Indra of Pahang DK II 2010 228 229 nbsp Sarawak nbsp Knight Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of Sarawak PNBS Dato Sri 1990 228 nbsp Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of Hornbill Sarawak DP Datuk Patinggi 2008 228 230 nbsp Sabah nbsp Grand Commander of the Order of Kinabalu SPDK Datuk Seri Panglima 2002 228 nbsp Selangor nbsp Knight Commander of the Order of the Crown of Selangor DPMS Dato 1992 231 suspended 6 May 2019 232 revoked 12 September 2022 233 nbsp Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Selangor SPMS Dato Seri 2004 234 235 suspended 6 May 2019 232 revoked 12 September 2022 233 nbsp Perak nbsp Ordinary Class of the Perak Family Order of Sultan Azlan Shah SPSA Dato Seri Diraja 2004 228 236 nbsp Kelantan nbsp Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Kelantan SPMK Dato 2004 228 nbsp Negeri Sembilan nbsp Knight Grand Commander of the Order of Loyalty to Negeri Sembilan SPNS Dato Seri Utama 2005 228 revoked 26 October 2018 237 nbsp Perlis nbsp Knight Grand Companion of the Order of the Gallant Prince Syed Sirajuddin Jamalullail SSSJ Dato Seri Diraja 2007 228 nbsp Malacca nbsp Knight Grand Commander of the Premier and Exalted Order of Malacca DUNM Datuk Seri Utama 2007 228 238 nbsp Kedah nbsp Member of the Supreme Order of Sri Mahawangsa DMK Dato Seri Utama 2008 228 nbsp Penang nbsp Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Defender of State DUPN Dato Seri Utama 2009 239 revoked 15 September 2022 240 Foreign honours nbsp Bahrain nbsp King Hamad Order for Development 2017 241 nbsp King Hamad Al Nahda First Medal 2017 242 nbsp Brunei nbsp Family Order of Brunei 1st Class DK Dato Laila Utama 2010 243 nbsp Saudi Arabia nbsp Member 1st Class of the Order of Abdulaziz al Saud 2010 244 nbsp United Arab Emirates nbsp Order of the Union Medal 2014 245 Honorary degrees nbsp Malaysia Honorary Ph D degree in Social Transformation from Limkokwing University 2008 246 Honorary Ph D degree from Monash University 2011 247 nbsp Japan Honorary Ph D degree from Meiji University 2010 248 nbsp Palestine Honorary Ph D degree from al Aqsa University 2013 249 Other On 1 February 2016 FinanceAsia has named Najib as the worst finance minister in 2016 The magazine said that 2015 had been a challenging year for the Malaysian economy with a double whammy of the 1MDB scandal and the collapse in oil prices 250 251 252 See alsoNajib Razak controversies 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal Corruption in Malaysia Kleptocracy The Kleptocrats Murder of Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa Unexplained 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law The Malaysian Reserve 3 April 2017 Archived from the original on 9 May 2018 Retrieved 23 March 2018 Ringgit slides through Mahathir s peg as Najib s finances probed Archived 7 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine The Malay Mail Online 6 July 2015 Retrieved 7 July 2015 WSJ releases redacted documents online to back up its 1MDB Najib money trail report themalaymailonline com Archived from the original on 8 July 2015 Retrieved 7 July 2015 Task force confirms Najib s accounts at AmBank says closed before WSJ report themalaysianinsider com Archived from the original on 10 July 2015 Retrieved 10 July 2015 1MDB scandal Malaysia PM Najib Razak sacks deputy attorney general as corruption allegations mount ABC News Australia 29 July 2015 Archived from the original on 14 June 2020 Retrieved 31 July 2015 White people should stay out of Malaysia s affairs Najib says 1 August 2015 Archived from the original on 3 August 2015 Retrieved 4 August 2015 Malaysiakini com 2015 MACC RM2 6b a donation not 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Dismisses Deputy and Attorney General Amid Scandal The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on 27 January 2016 Retrieved 30 January 2016 Swiss investigators say US 4bn stolen from Malaysian state owned companies The Guardian Agence France Presse 29 January 2016 Archived from the original on 24 July 2016 Retrieved 9 September 2016 Hope Bradley Wright Tom Ngui Yantoultra 27 January 2016 Doubts Raised About Claim of Saudi Donation to Malaysia Prime Minister Najib Razak Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on 24 July 2016 Retrieved 9 September 2016 Fuller Thomas 26 January 2016 Malaysia Closes Investigation Into Prime Minister Najib Razak s Funds The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on 29 January 2016 Retrieved 30 January 2016 State of Fear Australian Broadcasting Corporation 28 March 2016 Archived from the original on 29 March 2016 Retrieved 29 March 2016 Jenkins Nash 31 March 2016 Malaysian PM Najib Spent Millions on Luxury Goods 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2023 1MDB saga is kleptocracy at its worst Jeff Sessions Taipei Times www taipeitimes com 6 December 2017 Archived from the original on 14 November 2022 Former Malaysian PM Najib Razak arrested to be charged on Wednesday over 1MDB scandal Channel News Asia 3 July 2018 Archived from the original on 4 July 2018 Retrieved 4 July 2018 Najib arrested The Star 3 July 2018 Archived from the original on 4 July 2018 Retrieved 4 July 2018 Beech Hannah Ramzy Austin 3 July 2018 Najib Razak Malaysia s Ex Prime Minister Is Arrested Amid Corruption Inquiry The New York Times Archived from the original on 26 December 2018 Retrieved 4 July 2018 Ahmed Suriati Sidek 4 July 2018 Najib charged with CBT abuse of power involving RM42 million Of SRC funds Bernama Archived from the original on 4 July 2018 Retrieved 4 July 2018 Malaysia s ex PM Najib charged with corruption over 1MDB BBC News 4 July 2018 Archived from the original on 5 July 2018 Retrieved 4 July 2018 Former Malaysian PM Najib Razak charged with corruption criminal breach of trust Channel News Asia 4 July 2018 Archived from the original on 4 July 2018 Retrieved 4 July 2018 This is a chance to clear my name Former Malaysian PM Najib Razak maintains his innocence Channel News Asia 4 July 2018 Archived from the original on 4 July 2018 Retrieved 4 July 2018 Najib Razak charged with money laundering over 1MDB scandal The Guardian 8 August 2018 Archived from the original on 20 September 2018 Retrieved 20 September 2018 Hamdan Nurbaiti 8 August 2018 Najib charged with three counts under Anti Money Laundering Act The Star Archived from the original on 20 September 2018 Retrieved 20 September 2018 KiniFlash 8 Aug Najib slapped with three more charges KiniFlash 8 August 2018 Archived from the original on 4 November 2021 Retrieved 20 September 2018 Najib releases documents as proof of RM304 5mil donation from Saudi royalty Nation The Star Online www thestar com my Archived from the original on 18 September 2018 Retrieved 18 September 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September 2018 Ng Eileen Malaysia s ex PM pleads not guilty to new corruption charges FOX5 Vegas KVVU The Associated Presssociated Archived from the original on 21 September 2018 Retrieved 21 September 2018 Najib posts RM1 million bail remaining RM2 5 million by next week Free Malaysia Today 21 September 2018 Archived from the original on 16 October 2018 Retrieved 21 September 2018 Najib posts first portion of RM3 5 mil bail The Edge Markets 21 September 2018 Archived from the original on 21 September 2018 Retrieved 21 September 2018 Anand Ram 28 July 2020 Ex Malaysian PM Najib gets 12 years jail in 1MDB linked graft trial The Straits Times Archived from the original on 28 July 2020 Retrieved 28 July 2020 Former Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak found guilty of all seven charges related to 1MDB scandal CNBC 28 July 2020 Archived from the original on 28 July 2020 Retrieved 28 July 2020 Despite SRC conviction Najib avoids jail for now after High Court grants stay of execution pending appeal Malay Mail 28 July 2020 Archived from the original on 28 July 2020 Retrieved 28 July 2020 Malaysia s ex PM Najib starts appeal over 1MDB conviction CNA 5 April 2021 Archived from the original on 5 April 2021 Retrieved 5 April 2021 Malaysia s appeal court upholds Najib s 1MDB linked conviction calls his actions a national embarrassment Channel News Asia 8 December 2021 Archived from the original on 15 August 2022 Retrieved 25 August 2022 Rodzi Nadirah H 8 December 2021 Malaysia s Court of Appeal upholds ex PM Najib Razak s conviction in 1MDB related case The Straits Times Singapore Archived from the original on 8 December 2021 Retrieved 8 December 2021 Malaysian Court To Hear Final Appeal in Najib Corruption Case Voice of America 16 August 2022 Archived from the original on 16 August 2022 Retrieved 16 August 2022 Malaysia Top Court Rejects Najib s Bid to Add Evidence in Appeal Bloomberg Retrieved 15 August 2022 Najib applies to recuse Tun Tengku Maimun from hearing his SRC appeal 23 August 2022 Archived from the original on 5 October 2022 Retrieved 2 February 2024 Ikram Izzul Yatim Hafiz 23 August 2022 Najib fails in bid to recuse Chief Justice The Edge Markets Archived from the original on 25 August 2022 Retrieved 25 August 2022 Najib loses appeal headed to prison 23 August 2022 Archived from the original on 23 August 2022 Retrieved 2 February 2024 Guilty as charged Federal Court upholds Najib s SRC conviction The Vibes 23 August 2022 Archived from the original on 1 October 2023 Retrieved 23 August 2022 No VIP treatment for Najib says Prisons Dept The Star 24 August 2022 Archived from the original on 6 October 2022 Retrieved 24 August 2022 No VIP treatment for ex PM Najib says Malaysia Prisons Department The Straits Times 24 August 2022 Archived from the original on 1 October 2023 Retrieved 2 February 2024 Malaysia pardons board halves sentence of jailed ex PM Najib convicted in 1MDB scandal Rappler 2 February 2024 Archived from the original on 2 February 2024 Retrieved 2 February 2024 Malaysian PM Najib to solemnise daughter s marriage to Kazakhstan President s nephew The Straits Times 19 March 2015 Archived from the original on 7 January 2017 Retrieved 6 January 2017 Najib Razak appears secure but looks can deceive The Economist 6 January 2017 Archived from the original on 6 January 2017 Retrieved 6 January 2017 Report Najib spent US 15m on holidays shopping and jewellery Malaysiakini 31 March 2016 Archived from the original on 15 December 2023 Handbag and jewellery haul puts Rosmah Mansor in spotlight New Straits Times 20 May 2018 Archived from the original on 15 December 2023 Retrieved 2 February 2024 Inside the lavish world of Malaysia s Rosmah Mansor Arab News 9 June 2018 Archived from the original on 22 October 2023 Ellis Petersen Hannah 18 May 2018 Malaysia police seize hundreds of designer handbags from Najib Razak s flat The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Archived from the original on 10 December 2023 Ex Malaysian PM Najib spent 1 1m at luxury jewellery outlet in Italy in one day using credit cards court hears The Straits Times 16 July 2019 ISSN 0585 3923 Archived from the original on 16 December 2023 In Hawaii Obama golfs with Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak The Washington Post Archived from the original on 14 August 2015 Retrieved 24 December 2014 Donald Trump has friends but few ambitions in South East Asia The Economist 2 November 2017 Archived from the original on 3 November 2017 Retrieved 3 November 2017 New Zealand s first cat and other political pets BBC News 26 October 2017 Archived from the original on 9 November 2017 Retrieved 11 February 2023 a b c d e f g h i j k SEMAKAN PENERIMA DARJAH KEBESARAN BINTANG DAN PINGAT Prime Minister s Department Malaysia Archived from the original on 19 July 2019 Retrieved 25 October 2018 Sultan of Pahang s birthday honours list 2010 The Star 27 October 2010 Archived from the original on 25 October 2018 Retrieved 25 October 2018 Sarawak Honours List 2008 The Star 5 November 2008 Archived from the original on 25 October 2018 Retrieved 25 October 2018 DPMS 1992 awards selangor gov my Archived from the original on 1 October 2023 Retrieved 2 February 2024 a b Selangor ruler suspends titles bestowed on Najib Rosmah pending court cases Malaysiakini 10 May 2019 Archived from the original on 10 May 2019 Retrieved 10 May 2019 a b Khairulanuar Yahya 12 September 2022 Sultan Selangor tarik darjah kebesaran Najib Rosmah Malaysia Gazette in Malay Archived from the original on 12 September 2022 Retrieved 12 September 2022 SPMS 2004 awards selangor gov my Archived from the original on 1 October 2023 Retrieved 2 February 2024 Najib dahului 126 penerima darjah bintang Utusan Malaysia in Malay 11 December 2004 Archived from the original on 25 October 2018 Retrieved 25 October 2018 Sultan of Perak s birthday honours list The Star 20 April 2004 Archived from the original on 12 October 2018 Retrieved 25 October 2018 Negeri ruler strips Najib Rosmah of Datuk Seri titles Bernama Malaysiakini 26 October 2018 Archived from the original on 26 October 2018 Retrieved 26 October 2018 Najib heads Malacca awards The Star 13 October 2007 Archived from the original on 24 September 2018 Retrieved 25 October 2018 Najib receives award from Penang Governor The Star 13 October 2009 Archived from the original on 25 October 2018 Retrieved 25 October 2018 Penang governor revokes Najib s title Free Malaysia Today 15 September 2022 Archived from the original on 15 September 2022 Retrieved 15 September 2022 Najib set to receive Bahrain s highest award The Star 15 December 2017 Archived from the original on 27 January 2021 Retrieved 15 January 2021 Bahrain visit yields positive meaningful results Najib New Starits Times 17 December 2017 Archived from the original on 27 January 2022 Retrieved 15 January 2021 Najib to be conferred Brunei title Bernama The Star 13 July 2010 Archived from the original on 5 February 2023 Retrieved 25 October 2018 Highest honour for PM The Star 18 January 2010 Archived from the original on 26 October 2020 Retrieved 15 January 2021 PM Najib receives Union Medal from UAE Astro Awani 18 May 2014 Archived from the original on 21 January 2021 Retrieved 15 January 2021 Najib dedicates honorary doctorate to his father The Star Malaysia 20 April 2008 Archived from the original on 23 August 2022 Retrieved 18 February 2021 Monash University awards PM with honorary doctorate AsiaOne 5 March 2011 Archived from the original on 29 October 2017 Retrieved 18 February 2021 Najib conferred honorary doctorate by Meiji University The Star Malaysia 20 April 2010 Archived from the original on 23 April 2022 Retrieved 18 February 2021 PM offers to help unite Fatah and Hamas The Star Malaysia 22 January 2013 Archived from the original on 23 August 2022 Retrieved 18 February 2021 Najib Razak Asia s worst finance minister 2016 finance minister of the year najib razak malaysia 1mdb FinanceAsia 1 February 2016 Archived from the original on 31 May 2022 Malaysian PM Najib Razak named Asia Pacific s worst finance minister AsiaOne 2 February 2016 Archived from the original on 26 December 2021 Middleton Rachel 3 February 2016 Malaysia s Prime Minister Najib Razak named Asia s worst finance minister 2016 International Business Times UK Archived from the original on 26 December 2021 External links nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Najib Tun Razak nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Najib Razak Official website Archived at the Wayback Machine Parliament of MalaysiaPreceded byAbdul Razak Hussein Member of the Dewan Rakyatfor Pekan1976 1982 Succeeded byMohamed Amin DaudPreceded byMohamed Amin Daud Member of the Dewan Rakyatfor Pekan1986 2022 Succeeded bySh Mohmed Puzi Sh AliAssembly seatsPreceded byShamsiah Abdul Hamid Member of the Pahang State Legislative Assembly for Bandar Pekan1982 1986 Constituency abolishedAcademic officesPreceded byAnwar Ibrahim President of International Islamic University Malaysia1998 1999 Succeeded bySanusi JunidPolitical officesPreceded bySulaiman Daud Minister of Culture Youth and Sports1986 1990 Succeeded byAnnuar MusaPreceded byAbdullah Ahmad Badawi Minister of Defence1991 1995 Succeeded bySyed Hamid AlbarPreceded bySulaiman Daud Minister of Education1995 2000 Succeeded byMusa MohamadPreceded bySyed Hamid Albar Minister of Defence2000 2008 Succeeded byAbdullah Ahmad BadawiPreceded byAbdullah Ahmad Badawi Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia2004 2009 Succeeded byMuhyiddin YassinMinister of Finance2008 2018 Succeeded byLim Guan EngPrime Minister of Malaysia2009 2018 Succeeded byMahathir MohamadDiplomatic postsPreceded byThein Sein Chairperson of ASEAN2015 Succeeded byBounnhang VorachithParty political officesPreceded byAnwar Ibrahim Youth Chief of the United Malays National Organisation1987 1996 Succeeded byAhmad Zahid HamidiPreceded byAbdullah Ahmad Badawi Deputy President of the United Malays National Organisation2003 2009 Succeeded byMuhyiddin YassinChairman of Barisan Nasional2009 2018 Succeeded byAhmad Zahid HamidiPresident of the United Malays National Organisation2009 2018 Portals nbsp Malaysia nbsp Biography nbsp Politics Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Najib Razak amp oldid 1210663492, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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