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Scorpène-class submarine

May 05, 2023

The Scorpène-class submarines are a class of diesel-electric attack submarines jointly developed by the French Naval Group (formerly the DCNS) and the Spanish company Navantia. It features diesel propulsion and an additional air-independent propulsion (AIP). It is now marketed as the Scorpène 2000.

Scorpène class profile
Class overview
NameScorpène class
Builders
Operators
Preceded byAgosta class
Succeeded by
Subclasses
CostUS$450 million
Built1999–present
In commission2005–present
Planned18
Building2
Completed12
Cancelled4
Active10
General characteristics
TypeSubmarine
Displacement
  • 1,565 t (1,540 long tons) (CM-2000)
  • 1,870 t (1,840 long tons) (AM-2000)
  • 1,900 t (1,900 long tons) (S-BR)[1]
Length
  • 61.7 m (202 ft 5 in) (CM-2000)
  • 70 m (229 ft 8 in) (AM-2000)
  • 70.62 m (231 ft 8 in) (S-BR)[1]
Beam6.2 m (20 ft 4 in)
Draft5.8 m (19 ft 0 in)
Propulsion
Speed
Range
  • 6,500 nmi (12,000 km) at 8 kn (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) (surfaced)
  • 550 nmi (1,020 km; 630 mi) at 5 kn (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) (submerged)
Endurance
  • 40 days (compact)
  • 50 days (normal)
  • 50 + 21 days (AIP)
Test depth>350 m (1,150 ft)[2]
Complement31
Armament6 × 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes for 18 Whitehead Alenia Sistemi Subacquei Black Shark heavyweight torpedoes, SM-39 Exocet anti-ship missiles, and A3SM (MICA) anti-air missiles and 30 mines in place of torpedoes

Scorpène characteristics

The Scorpène class of submarines has three subtypes:[3] the CM-2000 conventional diesel-electric version, the AM-2000 air-independent propulsion (AIP) derivative, the downsized CA-2000 coastal submarine, and the enlarged S-BR for the Brazilian Navy, without AIP.[4]

The Chilean and Malaysian boats are fitted with the TSM 2233 Mk 2 sonar. The class can also be fitted with a 'S-Cube' sonar suite from Thales.[5]

Air-independent propulsion

The French Module d'Energie Sous-Marine Autonome (MESMA) system is being offered by the French shipyard Naval Group for the Scorpène-class submarines. It is essentially a modified version of their nuclear propulsion system with heat being generated by ethanol and oxygen. The combustion of the ethanol and stored oxygen, at a pressure of 60 atm (6.1 MPa), generates steam which powers a conventional turbine power plant. This pressure-firing allows exhaust carbon dioxide to be expelled overboard at any depth without an exhaust compressor.

Each MESMA system costs around US$50–60 million. As installed on the Scorpènes, it requires adding a new 8.3-metre (27 ft), 305-tonne hull section to the submarines, and enables a submarine to operate for more than 21 days under water depending on speed.

Naval Group is also developing second-generation hydrogen fuel cell AIP modules for future Scorpène models.

Scorpène information leak

In mid-August 2016, The Australian newspaper published documents containing old technical information about the Scorpène submarines and reported that design details of the Scorpène-class submarine and other ships had been leaked.[6] The leaked information spreads over 22,400 pages and includes detailed information about the submarine's combat and stealth capabilities.[7] The leak also included information about noise levels, submarine frequencies and more.[8] Despite all the information leaks, Indian Navy chief Admiral Sunil Lanba was quoted as saying that the leaks were being viewed "very seriously", but were "not a matter of much worry".[9] The report also suggested that an ex-French Navy officer working as a sub-contractor for Naval Group may have been the source of the leak, and that the leaked data may have been written in France in 2011.[10] However, on 30 August 2016, a court in New South Wales temporarily banned The Australian from releasing any more confidential data on the Indian Scorpène-class submarines.[11]

Naval Group filed a complaint against the newspaper with the Supreme Court of the State of New South Wales in Australia. The Australian court ruled in favour of Naval Group on 29 August and confirmed its decision on 1 September.[12]

Operators

Current operators

Chile

 
Carrera of the Chilean Navy

The Chilean Navy ordered two Scorpène-class boats, which replaced two Oberon-class submarines retired by the Chilean Navy. The Chilean Scorpène-class O'Higgins and Carrera were completed in 2005 and 2006, respectively.

Malaysia

 
KD Tunku Abdul Rahman of the Royal Malaysian Navy

In 2002, Malaysia ordered two Scorpène-class boats worth €1.04 billion (about RM4.78 billion). Both boats Tunku Abdul Rahman and Tun Abdul Razak commissioned by Royal Malaysian Navy in 2009.

India

Main article: Kalvari-class submarine (2015)
 
INS Kalvari of the Indian Navy

In 2005, India chose the Scorpène design; purchasing six submarines for US$3 billion (US$500 million per boat). Under a technology transfer agreement, the state-owned Mazagon Docks in Mumbai was to manufacture the submarines, and deliver them between 2012 and 2016, however the project is running six years behind schedule.[13][14] Construction started on 23 May 2009.[5] In August 2016, over 20,000 confidential pages of the submarine's manual were leaked by Australian media,[15] stirring up a controversy about the impact to India's ambitions of fielding a blue-water navy.[16]

Naval Group answered that those documents were not crucial.[17] After extensive sea trials, Kalvari was commissioned into the Indian Navy on 14 December 2017.[18]

Brazil

Main article: Riachuelo-class submarine
 
Riachuelo of the Brazilian Navy
 
Humaitá of the Brazilian Navy

In 2009, Brazil purchased four enlarged Scorpènes for US$ 10 billion with a technology transfer agreement and a second agreement to develop a French/Brazilian nuclear-powered submarine. The Brazilian submarine class was given the designation Riachuelo class. The hull of the first S-BR (S40) was laid down at Cherbourg on 27 May 2010 and is to be jumboized at the Brazilian Navy Shipyard in Sepetiba in late 2012.[19] The latter three submarines will be built there entirely, and are planned to be commissioned in 2020, 2021, and 2022. The nuclear-powered submarine Álvaro Alberto is under construction since 2018, with scheduled launch for 2027.[20]

The first submarine Riachuelo was launched on 14 December 2018, and began sea trials in September 2019.[21] All the submarines are built by the Brazilian defence company Itaguaí Construções Navais.

Potential operators

Philippines

In December 2019, Secretary of National Defense of Philippines Delfin Lorenzana announced that the Scorpène-class submarine of France fits the requirements of the Philippine Navy. Lorenzana visited a Scorpène-class submarine when he visited France.[22] On 18 December 2019, Lorenzana said that the Philippines is one step closer to acquiring the French submarine after signing an agreement with France sought to enhance both country's maritime defense.[23] In January 2020, Philippine and French Navy conducted an expert exchange on a submarine to enhance members in the submarine's information about the submarine proper.[24]

Indonesia

As of 2021, Indonesia is still considering purchasing a Riachuelo-class submarine, the Scorpène variant constructed for Brazil. Talks for such a purchase started as early as 2016.[25] On 7 June 2021, Indonesia signed a letter of intent to buy six Scorpène-class submarines and weapons packages from France.[26] On 10 February 2022, the Indonesian Minister of Defence Prabowo Subianto and his French counterpart Florence Parly witness the signing of Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between Kaharuddin Djenod, CEO of PT. PAL and Pierre Eric Pommellet, CEO of Naval Group on cooperation in research and development between PT. PAL and Naval Group regarding the plan to purchase Six Scorpène submarines with AIP (Air-independent Propulsion) along with weapons and spare parts as well as training.[27][28][29]

Romania

As of 2022, Romania is considering purchasing two Scorpène-class submarines from the French.[30]

Failed bids

Spain

In 2003, the Spanish government ordered four Scorpène AIP submarines worth €1,756 million.[31] However, the Spanish Navy cancelled the order, and ordered four S-80-class submarines, instead. This has caused conflicts and controversies between Naval Group and Navantia, as the latter is still involved in the construction of the submarines sold to India, Malaysia, and Chile, while the S-80 is offered on the export market.[32] As an answer to the competition from the S-80, Naval Group designed its own enhanced version of the Scorpène called the Marlin class, but little is known about this design and the Scorpène is still offered by France on the export market. The dispute was settled when Navantia gave up export rights on the Scorpène class, leaving Naval Group with sole responsibility for the project.[33]

Poland

On 1 March 2011, the Naval Shipyard Gdynia of Poland and Naval Group offered a license to build a yet undisclosed number of modified Scorpène-class boats. The Scorpène design is competing with that of the German Type 214 submarine.[34]

Norway

In December 2016, the Norwegian Ministry of Defence announced that Norway would sign a contract for four new submarines before the end of 2019. These would either be Scorpène vessels from Naval Group or German U-boats from ThyssenKrupp. Norway would also be looking into possible cooperation on maintenance and construction with other potential buyers of the same submarines, such as Poland or the Netherlands.[35][36] In February 2017, the Norwegian Government announced that it intended to procure its new submarines from the German manufacturer, ThyssenKrupp. Norway and Germany will buy submarines together to mutualize expenses. In practice the tender was cancelled and exclusive government to government negotiations were initiated.

Units

Name Pennant no. Laid down Launched Commissioned Homeport
  Chile
O'Higgins SS-23 18 November 1999 1 November 2003 8 September 2005 Talcahuano
Carrera SS-22 November 2000 24 November 2004 20 July 2006 Talcahuano
  Malaysia
KD Tunku Abdul Rahman - 25 April 2004 23 October 2007 January 2009 Sepanggar
KD Tun Abdul Razak - 25 April 2005 October 2008 December 2009 Sepanggar
  India
Kalvari S-21 1 April 2009 6 April 2015 [37] 14 December 2017[18][38] Vishakhapatnam / Mumbai
Khanderi S-22 October 2011 12 January 2017[39] 28 September 2019[40][41] Vishakhapatnam / Mumbai
Karanj S-23 December 2012 31 January 2018[42] 10 March 2021[43] Vishakhapatnam / Mumbai
Vela[44] S-24 Unknown 6 May 2019[45] 25 November 2021[46] Vishakhapatnam / Mumbai
Vagir[44] S-25 Unknown 12 November 2020[47] 23 January 2023[48][49][50] Vishakhapatnam / Mumbai
Vagsheer[44] S-26 Unknown 20 April, 2022[51] Vishakhapatnam / Mumbai
  Brazil
Riachuelo S40 27 May 2010[19] 14 December 2018[52] 1 September 2022[53] Madeira Island, Itaguaí
Humaitá S41 9 September 2013[54] 11 December 2020[55] TBD Madeira Island, Itaguaí
Tonelero S42 2017 December 2021 (expected)[56] TBD Madeira Island, Itaguaí
Angostura S43 2018 December 2022 (expected)[56] TBD Madeira Island, Itaguaí

Gallery

  •  

    Image of Scorpène class

  •  

    Chilean Navy's Scorpène class

  •  

    Royal Malaysian Navy's Scorpène class at a Navantia shipyard prior to delivery

  •  

    Launching of the Brazilian submarine Riachuelo, Scorpène class

  •  

    Launching of the Brazilian submarine Humaitá, Scorpène class

Scorpène 1000

See Andrasta-class submarine.

See also

Submarines of similar comparison

References

  1. ^ a b "Submarino "Riachuelo" reforça a soberania do País na Amazônia Azul". Brazilian Navy (in Portuguese). 1 September 2022.
  2. ^ "Scorpene® 1000". DCNS. from the original on 15 September 2014. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
  3. ^ (PDF). Forecast International. August 2009. Archived from the original on April 17, 2012. Retrieved 13 May 2010.
  4. ^ "Novas pistas sobre o 'S-BR', o novo submarino convencional Brasileiro". www.naval.com.br. 6 May 2010. from the original on 22 April 2010. Retrieved 13 May 2010.
  5. ^ a b . bharat-rakshak.com. Archived from the original on 30 March 2009. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
  6. ^ Siegel, Matt; Irish, John (24 August 2016). "France's DCNS says India submarine data leak may be 'economic warfare'". Reuters. from the original on 15 July 2017.
  7. ^ Laskar, Rezaul H (24 August 2016). "Secret data on Indian Navy's Scorpene-class submarines leaked". Hindustan Times. from the original on 26 August 2016.
  8. ^ Stewart, Cameron (25 August 2016). "What the Scorpene leak reveals". The Indian Express. from the original on 29 August 2016.
  9. ^ "Scorpene Leak serious, not a matter of worry, says Navy Chief". The New Indian Express. from the original on 2016-08-31. Retrieved 2016-08-30.
  10. ^ "French ex-naval officer behind Scorpene leak?". The Times of India. from the original on 2016-08-29. Retrieved 2016-08-30.
  11. ^ Som, Vishnu. "Scorpene Leak: 'The Australian' Can't Release Confidential Data, Says Court". NDTV. from the original on 2016-08-30. Retrieved 2016-08-30.
  12. ^ Genevelle, Eric (2020). La véritable histoire des bateaux sous-marins, de 1945 à nos jours. Des auteurs des livres. p. 235. ISBN 978-2-36497-046-5.
  13. ^ Kulkarni, Neha (7 September 2018). "Mazagon Dock to deliver second Scorpene class submarine by year end". the Indian Express. from the original on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
  14. ^ Pandit, Rajat (28 August 2014). "Defence minister Arun Jaitley reviews delayed Scorpene submarine project". The Times of India. from the original on 29 August 2014. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
  15. ^ Som, Vishnu. "The $3.5 Billion Leak: Scorpene Submarines Exposed, India Assesses Damage". NDTV. from the original on 2016-08-26.
  16. ^ Joshi, Shashank. "Understanding Scorpene leak: Why India's next-gen subs are now vulnerable". Hindustan Times. from the original on 2016-08-26. Retrieved 2016-08-26.
  17. ^ Pommier, Sébastien. "Fuite de documents chez DCNS: "Nous sommes en guerre économique"". L'Express (in French). from the original on 2016-08-26. Retrieved 2016-08-26.
  18. ^ a b "Scorpene-class submarine Kalvari, built in Mazagon Dock, inducted into Navy". from the original on 2017-12-14. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  19. ^ a b Nicolas von Kospot (2 June 2010). . www.defpro.com. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
  20. ^ "O Prosub e o submarino nuclear brasileiro SN-BR" (in Portuguese). Poder Naval. 20 February 2018.
  21. ^ "Submarino Riachuelo inicia provas de mar" (in Portuguese). Poder Naval. 25 September 2019.
  22. ^ Nepomuceno, Priam (December 3, 2019). "French-made Scorpene submarine ideal for PH: Lorenzana". www.pna.gov.ph. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
  23. ^ Sadongdong, Marin (December 18, 2019). "PH a step closer to acquiring first submarine". Manila Bulletin.
  24. ^ Tiamzon, Gaile (January 13, 2020). "France, PHL navies hold expert exchange on submarine". Mintfo. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
  25. ^ Rahmat, Ridzwan (2 December 2020). "Indonesia in talks with Naval Group for variant of Riachuelo-class submarine". Janes. Retrieved 2021-03-08.
  26. ^ GDC (2021-08-02). "Indonesia signed a letter of intent to acquire 36 Rafale fighter jets from France". Global Defense Corp. Retrieved 2021-08-02.
  27. ^ GDC (2022-02-13). "Indonesia Purchased Six Scorpene-Class Submarines From France". Global Defense Corp. Retrieved 2022-02-14.
  28. ^ Manaranche, Martin (2022-02-10). "Naval Group and PT PAL ink MoU with Submarine Deal in Sight". Naval News. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
  29. ^ Rachmalia, Mira. "Top RI! Bukan Cuma Rafale, Kapal Selam Scorpene Juga Diborong". CNBC Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-02-10.
  30. ^ "Romania's Submarine Ambitions". www.navalnews.com. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
  31. ^ "Scorpene Basic-AIP". Deagel.com. from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
  32. ^ . Mer et Marine. Archived from the original on September 29, 2011. Retrieved 2011-12-28.
  33. ^ Ruello, Alain. "Sous-marins : DCNS et Navantia reprennent leur liberté". Les Echos (in French). from the original on 2017-10-09. Retrieved 2017-02-10.
  34. ^ Sowula, Sławomir (March 2011). "Gdyńska stocznia chce budować okręty podwodne". Gazeta Wyborcza (in Polish) (2011–03–03). from the original on 7 March 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
  35. ^ . Norwegian government. Archived from the original on 10 January 2017. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
  36. ^ "Dette kan avgjøre ubåtkjøpet". aldrimer.no. 9 January 2017. from the original on 10 January 2017. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
  37. ^ "New India submarine enters water". BBC News. 6 April 2015. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
  38. ^ "Scorpenes no more". from the original on 2017-03-18. Retrieved 2017-03-20.
  39. ^ "Second Scorpene class submarine Khanderi to be launched on Jan 12". The Economic Times. from the original on 2017-01-12. Retrieved 2017-01-09.
  40. ^ "India's second Scorpene-class sub INS Khanderi's induction delayed". The Week. 16 May 2019. from the original on 17 May 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
  41. ^ "Aero India 2019: India to receive second Scorpene-class submarine by April 2019". Jane's 360. Jane's Navy International. 21 February 2019. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
  42. ^ "Third Scorpene submarine 'Karanj' Launched at Mazagon Docks". pib.nic.in. from the original on 2018-02-01. Retrieved 2018-01-31.
  43. ^ Desk, India com News (2021-03-10). "INS Karanj, 3rd Scorpene-Class Submarine Commissioned Into Indian Navy | See Pictures". India News, Breaking News | India.com. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
  44. ^ a b c "INS Karanj boosts Navy's firepower". The Hindu. Retrieved 2018-01-31.
  45. ^ "INS Vela: Indian Navy's 4th Scorpene-class made in India submarine launched". Financial Express. from the original on 6 May 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
  46. ^ @livefist (2021-11-15). "Indian Navy to commission fourth Scorpene submarine VELA into service on Nov 25" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  47. ^ "Indian Navy gets fifth Scorpene-class submarine 'INS Vagir'". www.timesnownews.com. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
  48. ^ "INS Vagir, 5th submarine of Kalvari class, commissioned into Indian Navy". www.hindustantimes.com. 23 January 2023.
  49. ^ Dominguez, Gabriel; Bedi, Rahul (10 March 2021). "Indian Navy commissions third Kalvari (Scorpène)-class submarine". Janes. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  50. ^ "Mazagon Dock to deliver second Scorpene class submarine by year end". The Indian Express. 7 September 2018. from the original on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  51. ^ "LAUNCH OF SIXTH SCORPENE SUBMARINE 'VAGSHEER' AT MAZAGON DOCK LIMITED (MDL), MUMBAI" (Press release). PIB. 2022-04-20.
  52. ^ "Brazil launches first of 5 navy attack submarines". EFE. 14 December 2018.
  53. ^ "Submarino "Riachuelo" reforça a soberania do País na Amazônia Azul". Brazilian Navy (in Portuguese). 1 September 2022.
  54. ^ "Cortada a primeira chapa do segundo submarino do PROSUB, o futuro 'Humaitá'" (in Portuguese). Poder Naval. 9 September 2013.
  55. ^ "Submarino Humaitá (S 41) – Falta muito pouco para ser lançado ao mar". Defesa Aérea & Naval (in Portuguese). 2 December 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  56. ^ a b . IHS Jane's 360. 11 April 2017. Archived from the original on 13 April 2017. Retrieved 10 February 2018.

External links

  • Scorpene SUBTICS in action
  • Scorpène Diesel-Electric Patrol Submarine (Navy recognition)
  • Naval Technology - Scorpène description
  • Global Security - Scorpène

May 05, 2023
scorpène, class, submarine, class, diesel, electric, attack, submarines, jointly, developed, french, naval, group, formerly, dcns, spanish, company, navantia, features, diesel, propulsion, additional, independent, propulsion, marketed, scorpène, 2000, scorpène. The Scorpene class submarines are a class of diesel electric attack submarines jointly developed by the French Naval Group formerly the DCNS and the Spanish company Navantia It features diesel propulsion and an additional air independent propulsion AIP It is now marketed as the Scorpene 2000 Scorpene class profileIndian Navy s INS Kalvari at seaClass overviewNameScorpene classBuildersNaval Group Navantia Mazagon Dock Limited Itaguai Construcoes NavaisOperators Chilean Navy Royal Malaysian Navy Indian Navy Brazilian NavyPreceded byAgosta classSucceeded byS 80 Plus class Marlin classSubclassesKalvari class Riachuelo class CA 2000 CM 2000 AM 2000CostUS 450 millionBuilt1999 presentIn commission2005 presentPlanned18Building2Completed12Cancelled4Active10General characteristicsTypeSubmarineDisplacement1 565 t 1 540 long tons CM 2000 1 870 t 1 840 long tons AM 2000 1 900 t 1 900 long tons S BR 1 Length61 7 m 202 ft 5 in CM 2000 70 m 229 ft 8 in AM 2000 70 62 m 231 ft 8 in S BR 1 Beam6 2 m 20 ft 4 in Draft5 8 m 19 ft 0 in PropulsionDiesel electric Batteries Air independent propulsion AIP MESMA AIP Naval Group models DRDO PAFC Fuel Cell AIP Kalvari class Speed20 knots 37 km h 23 mph submerged 12 kn 22 km h 14 mph surfaced citation needed Range6 500 nmi 12 000 km at 8 kn 15 km h 9 2 mph surfaced 550 nmi 1 020 km 630 mi at 5 kn 9 3 km h 5 8 mph submerged Endurance40 days compact 50 days normal 50 21 days AIP Test depth gt 350 m 1 150 ft 2 Complement31Armament6 533 mm 21 in torpedo tubes for 18 Whitehead Alenia Sistemi Subacquei Black Shark heavyweight torpedoes SM 39 Exocet anti ship missiles and A3SM MICA anti air missiles and 30 mines in place of torpedoes Contents 1 Scorpene characteristics 1 1 Air independent propulsion 2 Scorpene information leak 3 Operators 3 1 Current operators 3 1 1 Chile 3 1 2 Malaysia 3 1 3 India 3 1 4 Brazil 3 2 Potential operators 3 2 1 Philippines 3 2 2 Indonesia 3 2 3 Romania 3 3 Failed bids 3 3 1 Spain 3 3 2 Poland 3 3 3 Norway 4 Units 5 Gallery 6 Scorpene 1000 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksScorpene characteristics EditThe Scorpene class of submarines has three subtypes 3 the CM 2000 conventional diesel electric version the AM 2000 air independent propulsion AIP derivative the downsized CA 2000 coastal submarine and the enlarged S BR for the Brazilian Navy without AIP 4 The Chilean and Malaysian boats are fitted with the TSM 2233 Mk 2 sonar The class can also be fitted with a S Cube sonar suite from Thales 5 Air independent propulsion Edit The French Module d Energie Sous Marine Autonome MESMA system is being offered by the French shipyard Naval Group for the Scorpene class submarines It is essentially a modified version of their nuclear propulsion system with heat being generated by ethanol and oxygen The combustion of the ethanol and stored oxygen at a pressure of 60 atm 6 1 MPa generates steam which powers a conventional turbine power plant This pressure firing allows exhaust carbon dioxide to be expelled overboard at any depth without an exhaust compressor Each MESMA system costs around US 50 60 million As installed on the Scorpenes it requires adding a new 8 3 metre 27 ft 305 tonne hull section to the submarines and enables a submarine to operate for more than 21 days under water depending on speed Naval Group is also developing second generation hydrogen fuel cell AIP modules for future Scorpene models Scorpene information leak EditIn mid August 2016 The Australian newspaper published documents containing old technical information about the Scorpene submarines and reported that design details of the Scorpene class submarine and other ships had been leaked 6 The leaked information spreads over 22 400 pages and includes detailed information about the submarine s combat and stealth capabilities 7 The leak also included information about noise levels submarine frequencies and more 8 Despite all the information leaks Indian Navy chief Admiral Sunil Lanba was quoted as saying that the leaks were being viewed very seriously but were not a matter of much worry 9 The report also suggested that an ex French Navy officer working as a sub contractor for Naval Group may have been the source of the leak and that the leaked data may have been written in France in 2011 10 However on 30 August 2016 a court in New South Wales temporarily banned The Australian from releasing any more confidential data on the Indian Scorpene class submarines 11 Naval Group filed a complaint against the newspaper with the Supreme Court of the State of New South Wales in Australia The Australian court ruled in favour of Naval Group on 29 August and confirmed its decision on 1 September 12 Operators EditCurrent operators Edit Chile Edit Carrera of the Chilean Navy The Chilean Navy ordered two Scorpene class boats which replaced two Oberon class submarines retired by the Chilean Navy The Chilean Scorpene class O Higgins and Carrera were completed in 2005 and 2006 respectively Malaysia Edit KD Tunku Abdul Rahman of the Royal Malaysian Navy In 2002 Malaysia ordered two Scorpene class boats worth 1 04 billion about RM4 78 billion Both boats Tunku Abdul Rahman and Tun Abdul Razak commissioned by Royal Malaysian Navy in 2009 India Edit Main article Kalvari class submarine 2015 INS Kalvari of the Indian Navy In 2005 India chose the Scorpene design purchasing six submarines for US 3 billion US 500 million per boat Under a technology transfer agreement the state owned Mazagon Docks in Mumbai was to manufacture the submarines and deliver them between 2012 and 2016 however the project is running six years behind schedule 13 14 Construction started on 23 May 2009 5 In August 2016 over 20 000 confidential pages of the submarine s manual were leaked by Australian media 15 stirring up a controversy about the impact to India s ambitions of fielding a blue water navy 16 Naval Group answered that those documents were not crucial 17 After extensive sea trials Kalvari was commissioned into the Indian Navy on 14 December 2017 18 Brazil Edit Main article Riachuelo class submarine Riachuelo of the Brazilian Navy Humaita of the Brazilian Navy In 2009 Brazil purchased four enlarged Scorpenes for US 10 billion with a technology transfer agreement and a second agreement to develop a French Brazilian nuclear powered submarine The Brazilian submarine class was given the designation Riachuelo class The hull of the first S BR S40 was laid down at Cherbourg on 27 May 2010 and is to be jumboized at the Brazilian Navy Shipyard in Sepetiba in late 2012 19 The latter three submarines will be built there entirely and are planned to be commissioned in 2020 2021 and 2022 The nuclear powered submarine Alvaro Alberto is under construction since 2018 with scheduled launch for 2027 20 The first submarine Riachuelo was launched on 14 December 2018 and began sea trials in September 2019 21 All the submarines are built by the Brazilian defence company Itaguai Construcoes Navais Potential operators Edit Philippines Edit In December 2019 Secretary of National Defense of Philippines Delfin Lorenzana announced that the Scorpene class submarine of France fits the requirements of the Philippine Navy Lorenzana visited a Scorpene class submarine when he visited France 22 On 18 December 2019 Lorenzana said that the Philippines is one step closer to acquiring the French submarine after signing an agreement with France sought to enhance both country s maritime defense 23 In January 2020 Philippine and French Navy conducted an expert exchange on a submarine to enhance members in the submarine s information about the submarine proper 24 Indonesia Edit As of 2021 update Indonesia is still considering purchasing a Riachuelo class submarine the Scorpene variant constructed for Brazil Talks for such a purchase started as early as 2016 25 On 7 June 2021 Indonesia signed a letter of intent to buy six Scorpene class submarines and weapons packages from France 26 On 10 February 2022 the Indonesian Minister of Defence Prabowo Subianto and his French counterpart Florence Parly witness the signing of Memorandum of Understanding MoU between Kaharuddin Djenod CEO of PT PAL and Pierre Eric Pommellet CEO of Naval Group on cooperation in research and development between PT PAL and Naval Group regarding the plan to purchase Six Scorpene submarines with AIP Air independent Propulsion along with weapons and spare parts as well as training 27 28 29 Romania Edit As of 2022 update Romania is considering purchasing two Scorpene class submarines from the French 30 Failed bids Edit Spain Edit In 2003 the Spanish government ordered four Scorpene AIP submarines worth 1 756 million 31 However the Spanish Navy cancelled the order and ordered four S 80 class submarines instead This has caused conflicts and controversies between Naval Group and Navantia as the latter is still involved in the construction of the submarines sold to India Malaysia and Chile while the S 80 is offered on the export market 32 As an answer to the competition from the S 80 Naval Group designed its own enhanced version of the Scorpene called the Marlin class but little is known about this design and the Scorpene is still offered by France on the export market The dispute was settled when Navantia gave up export rights on the Scorpene class leaving Naval Group with sole responsibility for the project 33 Poland Edit On 1 March 2011 the Naval Shipyard Gdynia of Poland and Naval Group offered a license to build a yet undisclosed number of modified Scorpene class boats The Scorpene design is competing with that of the German Type 214 submarine 34 Norway Edit In December 2016 the Norwegian Ministry of Defence announced that Norway would sign a contract for four new submarines before the end of 2019 These would either be Scorpene vessels from Naval Group or German U boats from ThyssenKrupp Norway would also be looking into possible cooperation on maintenance and construction with other potential buyers of the same submarines such as Poland or the Netherlands 35 36 In February 2017 the Norwegian Government announced that it intended to procure its new submarines from the German manufacturer ThyssenKrupp Norway and Germany will buy submarines together to mutualize expenses In practice the tender was cancelled and exclusive government to government negotiations were initiated Units EditName Pennant no Laid down Launched Commissioned Homeport ChileO Higgins SS 23 18 November 1999 1 November 2003 8 September 2005 TalcahuanoCarrera SS 22 November 2000 24 November 2004 20 July 2006 Talcahuano MalaysiaKD Tunku Abdul Rahman 25 April 2004 23 October 2007 January 2009 SepanggarKD Tun Abdul Razak 25 April 2005 October 2008 December 2009 Sepanggar IndiaKalvari S 21 1 April 2009 6 April 2015 37 14 December 2017 18 38 Vishakhapatnam MumbaiKhanderi S 22 October 2011 12 January 2017 39 28 September 2019 40 41 Vishakhapatnam MumbaiKaranj S 23 December 2012 31 January 2018 42 10 March 2021 43 Vishakhapatnam MumbaiVela 44 S 24 Unknown 6 May 2019 45 25 November 2021 46 Vishakhapatnam MumbaiVagir 44 S 25 Unknown 12 November 2020 47 23 January 2023 48 49 50 Vishakhapatnam MumbaiVagsheer 44 S 26 Unknown 20 April 2022 51 Vishakhapatnam Mumbai BrazilRiachuelo S40 27 May 2010 19 14 December 2018 52 1 September 2022 53 Madeira Island ItaguaiHumaita S41 9 September 2013 54 11 December 2020 55 TBD Madeira Island ItaguaiTonelero S42 2017 December 2021 expected 56 TBD Madeira Island ItaguaiAngostura S43 2018 December 2022 expected 56 TBD Madeira Island ItaguaiGallery Edit Image of Scorpene class Chilean Navy s Scorpene class Royal Malaysian Navy s Scorpene class at a Navantia shipyard prior to delivery Launching of the Brazilian submarine Riachuelo Scorpene class Launching of the Brazilian submarine Humaita Scorpene classScorpene 1000 EditSee Andrasta class submarine See also EditList of submarine classes in serviceSubmarines of similar comparison Type 212 submarine A class of diesel electric attack submarines developed by ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems and exclusively built for the German Navy the Italian Navy and the Royal Norwegian Navy Type 214 submarine A class of export oriented diesel electric attack submarines also developed by ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems and currently operated by the Hellenic Navy the Portuguese Navy the Republic of Korea Navy and the Turkish Naval Forces Type 218SG submarine A class of extensively customised diesel electric attack submarines developed ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems and currently operated by the Republic of Singapore Navy Dolphin class submarine A class of extensively customised diesel electric attack submarines developed by ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems and currently operated by Israel Dakar class submarine A unique class of diesel electric attack submarines developed by ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems and currently being built for Israel S 80 Plus submarine A class of conventionally powered attack submarines currently being built by Navantia for the Spanish Navy Blekinge class submarine is a class of submarine developed by Kockums for the Swedish Navy KSS III submarine A class of diesel electric attack submarines built by Daewoo Shipbuilding amp Marine Engineering and Hyundai Heavy Industries and operated by the Republic of Korea Navy Sōryu class submarine A class of diesel electric attack submarines built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries for the Japan Maritime Self Defense Force Taigei class submarine A class of diesel electric attack submarines currently being built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Kawasaki Heavy Industries for the Japan Maritime Self Defense Force Type 039A submarine A class of diesel electric attack submarines operated by the People s Liberation Army Navy China and being built for the navies of the Royal Thai Navy and the Pakistan Navy Lada class submarine A class of diesel electric attack submarines being built for the Russian Navy References Edit a b Submarino Riachuelo reforca a soberania do Pais na Amazonia Azul Brazilian Navy in Portuguese 1 September 2022 Scorpene 1000 DCNS Archived from the original on 15 September 2014 Retrieved 24 October 2015 The Market for Submarines PDF Forecast International August 2009 Archived from the original on April 17 2012 Retrieved 13 May 2010 Novas pistas sobre o S BR o novo submarino convencional Brasileiro www naval com br 6 May 2010 Archived from the original on 22 April 2010 Retrieved 13 May 2010 a b Project 75 Scorpene SSK bharat rakshak com Archived from the original on 30 March 2009 Retrieved 28 March 2020 Siegel Matt Irish John 24 August 2016 France s DCNS says India submarine data leak may be economic warfare Reuters Archived from the original on 15 July 2017 Laskar Rezaul H 24 August 2016 Secret data on Indian Navy s Scorpene class submarines leaked Hindustan Times Archived from the original on 26 August 2016 Stewart Cameron 25 August 2016 What the Scorpene leak reveals The Indian Express Archived from the original on 29 August 2016 Scorpene Leak serious not a matter of worry says Navy Chief The New Indian Express Archived from the original on 2016 08 31 Retrieved 2016 08 30 French ex naval officer behind Scorpene leak The Times of India Archived from the original on 2016 08 29 Retrieved 2016 08 30 Som Vishnu Scorpene Leak The Australian Can t Release Confidential Data Says Court NDTV Archived from the original on 2016 08 30 Retrieved 2016 08 30 Genevelle Eric 2020 La veritable histoire des bateaux sous marins de 1945 a nos jours Des auteurs des livres p 235 ISBN 978 2 36497 046 5 Kulkarni Neha 7 September 2018 Mazagon Dock to deliver second Scorpene class submarine by year end the Indian Express Archived from the original on 5 December 2018 Retrieved 28 December 2018 Pandit Rajat 28 August 2014 Defence minister Arun Jaitley reviews delayed Scorpene submarine project The Times of India Archived from the original on 29 August 2014 Retrieved 24 October 2015 Som Vishnu The 3 5 Billion Leak Scorpene Submarines Exposed India Assesses Damage NDTV Archived from the original on 2016 08 26 Joshi Shashank Understanding Scorpene leak Why India s next gen subs are now vulnerable Hindustan Times Archived from the original on 2016 08 26 Retrieved 2016 08 26 Pommier Sebastien Fuite de documents chez DCNS Nous sommes en guerre economique L Express in French Archived from the original on 2016 08 26 Retrieved 2016 08 26 a b Scorpene class submarine Kalvari built in Mazagon Dock inducted into Navy Archived from the original on 2017 12 14 Retrieved 2017 12 14 a b Nicolas von Kospot 2 June 2010 First Steel Cut for Brazilian Submarine Programme www defpro com Archived from the original on July 17 2011 Retrieved 7 June 2010 O Prosub e o submarino nuclear brasileiro SN BR in Portuguese Poder Naval 20 February 2018 Submarino Riachuelo inicia provas de mar in Portuguese Poder Naval 25 September 2019 Nepomuceno Priam December 3 2019 French made Scorpene submarine ideal for PH Lorenzana www pna gov ph Retrieved 2020 05 07 Sadongdong Marin December 18 2019 PH a step closer to acquiring first submarine Manila Bulletin Tiamzon Gaile January 13 2020 France PHL navies hold expert exchange on submarine Mintfo Retrieved 2020 05 07 Rahmat Ridzwan 2 December 2020 Indonesia in talks with Naval Group for variant of Riachuelo class submarine Janes Retrieved 2021 03 08 GDC 2021 08 02 Indonesia signed a letter of intent to acquire 36 Rafale fighter jets from France Global Defense Corp Retrieved 2021 08 02 GDC 2022 02 13 Indonesia Purchased Six Scorpene Class Submarines From France Global Defense Corp Retrieved 2022 02 14 Manaranche Martin 2022 02 10 Naval Group and PT PAL ink MoU with Submarine Deal in Sight Naval News Retrieved 2022 02 10 Rachmalia Mira Top RI Bukan Cuma Rafale Kapal Selam Scorpene Juga Diborong CNBC Indonesia in Indonesian Retrieved 2022 02 10 Romania s Submarine Ambitions www navalnews com Retrieved 2022 07 20 Scorpene Basic AIP Deagel com Archived from the original on 23 September 2015 Retrieved 24 October 2015 Scorpene DCNS et Navantia en instance de divorce Mer et Marine Archived from the original on September 29 2011 Retrieved 2011 12 28 Ruello Alain Sous marins DCNS et Navantia reprennent leur liberte Les Echos in French Archived from the original on 2017 10 09 Retrieved 2017 02 10 Sowula Slawomir March 2011 Gdynska stocznia chce budowac okrety podwodne Gazeta Wyborcza in Polish 2011 03 03 Archived from the original on 7 March 2011 Retrieved 24 October 2015 Nye ubater status desember 2016 Norwegian government Archived from the original on 10 January 2017 Retrieved 9 January 2017 Dette kan avgjore ubatkjopet aldrimer no 9 January 2017 Archived from the original on 10 January 2017 Retrieved 9 January 2017 New India submarine enters water BBC News 6 April 2015 Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 Retrieved 24 October 2015 Scorpenes no more Archived from the original on 2017 03 18 Retrieved 2017 03 20 Second Scorpene class submarine Khanderi to be launched on Jan 12 The Economic Times Archived from the original on 2017 01 12 Retrieved 2017 01 09 India s second Scorpene class sub INS Khanderi s induction delayed The Week 16 May 2019 Archived from the original on 17 May 2019 Retrieved 27 May 2019 Aero India 2019 India to receive second Scorpene class submarine by April 2019 Jane s 360 Jane s Navy International 21 February 2019 Archived from the original on 22 February 2019 Retrieved 22 February 2019 Third Scorpene submarine Karanj Launched at Mazagon Docks pib nic in Archived from the original on 2018 02 01 Retrieved 2018 01 31 Desk India com News 2021 03 10 INS Karanj 3rd Scorpene Class Submarine Commissioned Into Indian Navy See Pictures India News Breaking News India com Retrieved 2021 03 10 a b c INS Karanj boosts Navy s firepower The Hindu Retrieved 2018 01 31 INS Vela Indian Navy s 4th Scorpene class made in India submarine launched Financial Express Archived from the original on 6 May 2019 Retrieved 6 May 2019 livefist 2021 11 15 Indian Navy to commission fourth Scorpene submarine VELA into service on Nov 25 Tweet via Twitter Indian Navy gets fifth Scorpene class submarine INS Vagir www timesnownews com Retrieved 2020 11 12 INS Vagir 5th submarine of Kalvari class commissioned into Indian Navy www hindustantimes com 23 January 2023 Dominguez Gabriel Bedi Rahul 10 March 2021 Indian Navy commissions third Kalvari Scorpene class submarine Janes Retrieved 13 March 2021 Mazagon Dock to deliver second Scorpene class submarine by year end The Indian Express 7 September 2018 Archived from the original on 13 September 2018 Retrieved 12 September 2018 LAUNCH OF SIXTH SCORPENE SUBMARINE VAGSHEER AT MAZAGON DOCK LIMITED MDL MUMBAI Press release PIB 2022 04 20 Brazil launches first of 5 navy attack submarines EFE 14 December 2018 Submarino Riachuelo reforca a soberania do Pais na Amazonia Azul Brazilian Navy in Portuguese 1 September 2022 Cortada a primeira chapa do segundo submarino do PROSUB o futuro Humaita in Portuguese Poder Naval 9 September 2013 Submarino Humaita S 41 Falta muito pouco para ser lancado ao mar Defesa Aerea amp Naval in Portuguese 2 December 2020 Retrieved 3 December 2020 a b LAAD 2017 Brazilian submarine programme moves into construction IHS Jane s 360 11 April 2017 Archived from the original on 13 April 2017 Retrieved 10 February 2018 External links EditScorpene SUBTICS in action Scorpene Diesel Electric Patrol Submarine Navy recognition Naval Technology Scorpene description Global Security Scorpene Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Scorpene class submarine amp oldid 1151290600, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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