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Masood Azhar

January 01, 1970

Mohammad Masood Azhar Alvi[1] (born 10 July or 7 August 1968) is a radical Islamist and terrorist,[2][3] being the founder and leader of the Pakistan-based terrorist organisation Jaish-e-Mohammed, active mainly in the Pakistani-administered portion of the Kashmir region.[4] His actions are not limited to the South Asian region; for instance, BBC News described him as "the man who brought jihad to Britain."[5] On 1 May 2019, Masood Azhar was listed as an international terrorist by the United Nations Security Council.[1]

Masood Azhar
Birth nameMohammad Masood Azhar Alvi
Born (1968-07-10) 10 July 1968 (age 55)
Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
AllegianceHarkat-ul-Ansar, Harkat-ul-Mujahideen, Jaish-e-Mohammad
RelationsAbdul Rauf Azhar (brother)

Early life

Azhar was born in Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan on 10 July 1968[6] (although some sources list his birth date as 7 August 1968[7]) as the third of 11 children—five sons and six daughters. Azhar's father, Allah Bakhsh Shabbir, was the headmaster at a government-run school as well as a cleric with Deobandi leanings and his family operated a dairy and poultry farm.[6][8]

Azhar dropped out of mainstream school after class 8 and joined the Jamia Uloom Islamic school, from where he graduated out in 1989 as an alim and was soon appointed as a teacher.[8] The madrasa was heavily involved with Harkat-ul-Ansar and Azhar was subsequently assumed under its folds, after being enrolled for a jihad training camp at Afghanistan.[6] Despite failing to complete the course; he joined the Soviet–Afghan War and retired after suffering injuries. Thereafter, he was chosen as the head of Harkat's department of motivation. He was also entrusted with the editorial responsibilities for the Urdu-language magazine Sad'e Mujahidin and the Arabic-language Sawte Kashmir.[7][6]

Azhar later became the general secretary of Harkat-ul-Ansar and visited many international locations to recruit, to raise funds and to spread the message of Pan-Islamism. Among his destinations were Zambia, Abu Dhabi, Saudi Arabia, Mongolia, the United Kingdom and Albania.[6]

Activities in Somalia

Azhar confessed that in 1993 he traveled to Nairobi, Kenya to meet with leaders of al-Itihaad al-Islamiya[citation needed], an al-Qaeda-aligned Somali group, who had requested money and recruits from Harkat-ul-Mujahideen (HuM). Indian intelligence officials believe that he made at least three trips to Somalia and that he also helped bring Yemeni mercenaries to Somalia.[9]

Activities in the United Kingdom

In August 1993 Azhar entered the United Kingdom for a speaking, fundraising, and recruitment tour. His message of jihad was given at some of Britain's most prestigious Islamic institutions including the Darul Uloom Bury seminary, Zakariya Mosque, Madina Masjid in Blackburn and Burnley, and Jamia Masjid. His message was that "substantial proportion of the Koran had been devoted to 'killing for the sake of Allah' and that a substantial volume of sayings of the Islamic prophet Muhammad were on the issue of jihad." Azhar made contacts in Britain who helped to provide training and logistical support the terror plots including "7/7, 21/7 and the attempt in 2006 to smuggle liquid bomb-making substances on to transatlantic airlines."[10]

Harkat-ul-Ansar

In 1993, the militant organisation Harkat-ul-Ansar was established and Masood served as its general secretary.[11] In 1998, U.S.'s Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in its report stated, "HuA, an Islamic extremist organisation that Pakistan supports in its proxy war against Indian forces in Kashmir, increasingly is using terrorist tactics against Westerners and random attacks on civilians that could involve Westerners to promote its pan-Islamic agenda." CIA also stated that Hua had abducted at least 13 persons of which 12 were from western countries in the period from early 1994 to 1998.[11]

Arrest in India

In early 1994, Azhar travelled to Srinagar under a fake identity, to ease tensions between Harkat-ul-Ansar's feuding factions of Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami and Harkat-ul-Mujahideen.[6] India arrested him in February from Khanabal near Anantnag and imprisoned him for his terrorist activities with the groups.[9][6] On being arrested, he said "Soldiers of Islam have come from 12 countries to liberate Kashmir. We will answer your carbines with rocket launchers" [12] He was imprisoned at the Badami Bagh Cantonment in Srinagar, Tihar Jail in Delhi, and lastly the Kot Balwal Jail in Jammu (from where he would eventually be released).[13][14]

In July, 1995, six foreign tourists were kidnapped in Jammu and Kashmir. The kidnappers, referring to themselves as Al-Faran (a pseudonym of the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen),[15] included the release of Masood Azhar among their demands.[6] One of the hostages managed to escape whilst another was found in a decapitated state in August.[9] The others were never seen or heard from since 1995.[16][17] FBI had interrogated Azhar multiple times during his jail-stay on the locus of the kidnappings.[9]

Release after hijacking

Four years later, in December 1999, an Indian Airlines Flight 814 (IC814) en route from Kathmandu in Nepal to New Delhi was hijacked and eventually landed in Kandahar, Afghanistan after being flown to multiple locations. Kandahar at that time was controlled by the Taliban, which was supported by Pakistan's ISI. Masood Azhar was one of the three militants demanded to be released in exchange for freeing the hostages. Subsequently, Azhar was freed by the Indian government in a decision criticised by many including Ajit Doval as a "diplomatic failure", and that no one worth any consequence was contacted either by the (then) foreign minister (Jaswant Singh) or the (then) foreign secretary (Lalit Mansingh), and as a consequence, the Indian ambassador could not even get inside the Abu Dhabi airport.[18][19] The hijackers of IC814 were led by Masood Azhar's brother,[20] Ibrahim Athar. His release from Kot Bhalwal jail was supervised by an IPS officer, S P Vaid.[21] His younger brother Abdul Rauf Asghar had planned this attack. Once Masood Azhar was handed over to the hijackers, they fled to Pakistani territory. Pakistan had said the hijackers would be arrested if found. The Pakistani government also previously indicated that Azhar would be allowed to return home since he did not face any charges there.[22]

Shortly after his release, Azhar made a public address to an estimated 10,000 people in Karachi. He proclaimed, "I have come here because this is my duty to tell you that Muslims should not rest in peace until we have destroyed India," vowing to liberate the Kashmir region from Indian rule.[22]

In 1999, after Masood's release, the Harkat-ul-Ansar was proscribed by the U.S. and added to the list of banned terrorist organisations. This move forced Harkat-ul-Ansar to change its name to the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen (HuM).[11]

Jaish-e-Mohammed

Azhar planned to start a new outfit named as, Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM). He reportedly received assistance from Pakistan's spy agency Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), the Taliban regime in Afghanistan, Osama bin Laden and multiple Sunni sectarian organisations based in Pakistan.[11] JeM is run by Azhar's family like a family enterprise.[11] Jamia Binoria madarsa linked JeM with the Afghan Taliban.[11]

2001 Indian Parliament attack

Jaish-e-Mohammed carried out a string of deadly attacks against Indian targets, including the attack on the Indian parliament in December 2001 that brought India and Pakistan to the brink of a full-scale war.[23] The terrorist attack on the Parliament of India in New Delhi happened on 13 December 2001. The perpetrators belonged to Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) and Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM), both Pakistan-based terrorist organisations.[24] The attack led to the deaths of five terrorists, six Delhi Police personnel, two Parliament Security Service personnel and a gardener – in total 14 – and to increased tensions between India and Pakistan, resulting in the 2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff.[25]

Soon after the Indian parliament attack, on 29 December 2001, Masood Azhar was detained for a year by Pakistani authorities, after diplomatic pressure by India and International community, in connection with the attack but was never formally charged.[11] The Lahore High Court ordered an end to the house arrest on 14 December 2002, much to the fury of India.[26] Azhar was never arrested after that.[11]

2008 Mumbai attacks

Main article: 2008 Mumbai attacks

On 7 December 2008, it was claimed that he was among several arrested by the Pakistani government after a military raid on a camp located on the outskirts of Muzaffarabad in connection with the 2008 Mumbai attacks. He continued to live in Bhawalpur.[27][28] Pakistan's government denied it had arrested Masood Azhar and said it was unaware of his whereabouts [29] On 26 January 2014, Azhar reappeared after a seclusion of two years. He addressed a rally in Muzaffarabad, calling for the resumption of jihad in Kashmir. In March 2014, a spokesperson of Jaish-e-Muhammad claimed that he was in Srinagar, India.[30]

2016 Pathankot attack

Main article: 2016 Pathankot attack

The 2016 Pathankot attack on Indian air base is said to be masterminded by Masood Azhar and his brother. They were in direct touch with terrorists even after the attack had begun. Indian investigative agencies have given dossiers containing proofs of Azhar's complicity in the terror attack and also sought a second ʽred corner noticeʼ from ʽInterpolʼ.[31][32]

2019 Pulwama attack

Main article: 2019 Pulwama attack

On 14 February 2019, a convoy of vehicles carrying security personnel on the Jammu Srinagar National Highway was attacked by a vehicle-bound suicide bomber in Lethpora near Awantipora, Pulwama district, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The attack resulted in the death of 44 Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) personnel and the attacker. The responsibility for the attack was claimed by the Pakistan-based Islamist terrorist group Jaish-e-Mohammed.[33][34] He approved the attacks from the Pakistani Army Hospital where he is under protective custody.[35] After the attack, France, United Kingdom and United States moved a proposal at UN Security Council to ban Masood.[36]

Sanctions

The U.S. Treasury is prohibiting Americans from "engaging in any transactions" with three Pakistan-based militants and a front group. Al Rehmat Trust, called "an operational front" for Jaish-e Mohammed, was designated for providing support to and for acting for or on behalf of that group, and Mohammed Masood Azhar Alvi, Jaish-e Mohammed's founder and leader, was designated as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist on the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List for acting on behalf of the group.[37][38][39]

The Chinese government blocked a UN Security Council Sanctions Committee listing of Azhar as a terrorist, thwarting international efforts to disrupt the activities of his group.[40][41] Starting 2009, there have been 4 attempts to put Masood Azhar in the UN Security Council's counter-terrorism sanctions list. All the attempts were vetoed by China, citing 'lack of evidence'. China moved to protect Azhar again in October 2016 when it blocked India's appeal to the United Nations to label him as a terrorist.[42] China also blocked US move to get Azhar banned by UN in February 2017.[43] The most recent attempt was on 13 March 2019.[44] However, China pulled the blockade in May 2019, finally resulting listing of Masood Azhar as a global terrorist by the Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee.[1][45]

Bibliography

Books and booklets by him

Described as a "prolific writer",[46] he has authored some 20 books mainly on jihad,[47] including:

  • Fatah-ul-Jawad, described by scholar Ayesha Siddiqa as "his seminal work", it is a book on jihad "with two volumes of 2,000 pages each."[48]
  • Faz̤āʼil-i jihād, kāmil. On the importance of Jihad; a 850-page commentary on Mashāriʻal-Ashwāq ilʹa-Maṣariʻ al-ʻUshshāq by the medieval scholar Ibn an-Naḥās. In 2002 it was estimated that some 20,000 copies of this book have been sold in Pakistan.[49]
  • Yahūd kī cālīs bīmāryān̲ ("Forty Diseases Of The Jews"). Middle East Media Research Institute noted that it may be one of the most antisemitic book of the Urdu language, with 424 pages and 440 Qur'anic verses quoted.[50] He has criticized the whole of Judaism, calling it "another name for those beliefs, ideas, and practices which were invented by Satan."[51]
  • Muskurāte zak̲h̲m. Political autobiography.
  • K̲h̲ut̤bāt-i jihād. Islamic sermons in two volumes on the eminence of Jihad according to the teachings of Islam.
  • Rang o nūr. Collected columns chiefly on jihad and criticizing Pakistani government for following United States policies.
  • Jamāl-i Jamīl. On the life of Muḥammd Jamīl K̲h̲ān, 1953-2004, a noted religious scholar.
  • Zād-i mujāhid : maʻ maktūbāt-i k̲h̲ādim. On the eminence, views and interpretation of Jihad.
  • 7 din raushnī ke jazīre par. 7 Days comprehensive course on Islamic teaching.
  • Tuḥfah-yi saʻādat. Study of God's names in the Qur'an.

Books and booklets about him

  • Maulānā Masʻūd Aẓhar, mujāhid yā dahshatgard by Muḥammad T̤āriq Maḥmūd Cug̲h̲tāʼī.
  • Asīr-i Hind : Maulānā Masʻūd Aẓhar ke paidāʼish parvarish jihād men̲ shirkat by ʻAbdullāh Masʻūd.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Mohammad Masood Azhar Alvi". United Nations Security Council. 1 May 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  2. ^ Outlook Web Bureau (15 February 2019), "What Is Jaish-e-Mohammad? Who Is Masood Azhar?", Outlook India. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
  3. ^ "Masood Azhar is now a UN global terrorist: Know what it means". Economic Times.
  4. ^ . FirstPost. Archived from the original on 16 January 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
  5. ^ "Masood Azhar: The man who brought jihad to Britain" (5 April 2016), BBC News. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h . Kashmir Herald. 1 (8). kashmiri-pandit.org. January 2002. Archived from the original on 11 December 2008. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
  7. ^ a b India's most wanted. Vol. 19. Frontline. 2002. ISBN 0066210631.
  8. ^ a b "How significant is Jaish-e-Muhammad in Kashmir today?". The Indian Express. 10 November 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  9. ^ a b c d Watson, Paul; Sidhartha Barua (25 February 2002). . LA Times. Archived from the original on 25 February 2002.
  10. ^ "The man who brought jihad to Britain in 1993". BBC. 4 April 2016. from the original on 20 June 2018.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h "India fortifying case to put Jaish on ban list". The Hindu. 4 March 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
  12. ^ Pathak, Shekhar Gupta Rahul (15 May 1994). "Specter of subversion looms over India as Pakistan sponsored arms, mercenaries and funds from Muslim world pour in to destabilise Kashmir". India Today. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
  13. ^ Sachdeva, Sujata Dutta (17 February 2002). "Networking in Tihar: How it works". The Times of India.
  14. ^ "'Still remember the day Masood Azhar was released,' recalls former jailor". Hindustan Times. 1 May 2019.
  15. ^ "Al Faran". TheFreeDictionary.com. WordNet, Princeton University.
  16. ^ "IndoPak: New book claims India-backed group killed kidnapped Kashmir tourists". Public Radio International. 3 April 2012. from the original on 1 April 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
  17. ^ "Middlesbrough hostage Keith Mangan abducted in Kashmir 20 years ago today". Gazettelive.co.uk. 4 July 2005. from the original on 1 April 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
  18. ^ Gannon, Kathy (31 December 1999). "Hopes for end to jet hijack". The Independent. London. from the original on 21 December 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2009.
  19. ^ "'Kandahar hijack was India's diplomatic failure'".
  20. ^ Jaleel, Muzamil (6 June 2016). "After Kandahar swap, India offered Taliban cash to get me: JeM chief". London: The IndianExpress. from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
  21. ^ "Even without Kandahar, Azhar may have walked out". The Indian Express. 17 December 2008.
  22. ^ a b Hussain, Zahid (5 January 2000). . Associated Press. Archived from the original on 1 September 2000. Retrieved 7 January 2008.
  23. ^ Tanner, Marcus (2001-12-17) . The Independent
  24. ^ . Embassy of India – Washington DC. 18 December 2001. Archived from the original on 11 June 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
  25. ^ . Global Bearings. 28 October 2011. Archived from the original on 27 January 2012.
  26. ^ "Indian fury over freed militant". BBC News. 14 December 2002. from the original on 3 January 2009. Retrieved 8 January 2008.
  27. ^ Subramanian, Nirupama (18 December 2008). . The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 12 December 2008.
  28. ^ "JeM chief Masood Azhar under house arrest". Times of India. 9 December 2008. from the original on 12 December 2008.
  29. ^ "Pakistan denies militant arrested". BBC News. 18 December 2008. from the original on 21 December 2008.
  30. ^ "In Plain View". 23 March 2014. from the original on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  31. ^ "Jaish chief Masood Azhar identified as mastermind of Pathankot terror attack - Times of India". The Times of India. from the original on 8 September 2017.
  32. ^ The Hindu Net Desk. "The 1267 Committee, China's hold and Masood Azhar: A short history". The Hindu.
  33. ^ "What is Jaish-e-Mohammad". BBC. 15 February 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
  34. ^ "Sanctions List Materials | United Nations Security Council". www.un.org. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  35. ^ "Masood Azhar gave nod for Pulwama attack from Army base hospital in Pakistan - Times of India ►". The Times of India. 17 February 2019. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
  36. ^ . 27 February 2019. Archived from the original on 27 February 2019.
  37. ^ "U.S. Treasury targets Pakistani militants". CNN. 4 November 2010. from the original on 8 November 2012.
  38. ^ US Department of the Treasury 2010-11-11 at the Wayback Machine. Treas.gov. Retrieved on 2013-03-14.
  39. ^ "Maulana Mohammad Masood Azhar". sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov.
  40. ^ "China's move to block ban against Azhar came just before deadline". The Hindu. 2 April 2016. from the original on 2 April 2016.
  41. ^ Sutirtho Patranobis (23 April 2016). "China fumes after India issues visa to Uyghur 'terrorist'". Hindustan Times. from the original on 23 April 2016.
  42. ^ "China blocks India's move to ban Jaish chief Masood Azhar, again". Hindustan Times. 1 October 2016. from the original on 12 October 2016.
  43. ^ "China blocked US move to get Masood Azhar banned by UN". Times of India. from the original on 9 February 2017.
  44. ^ "If China continues to block Masood Azhar's designation as 'global terrorist', UN may be forced to pursue other actions: UNSC diplomat". Firstpost. 14 March 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
  45. ^ "AQ Sanctions List". un.org.
  46. ^ Ben Brandt, "AZHAR, MASOOD" in Peter Chalk, Encyclopedia of Terrorism, ABC-CLIO (2013), vol. 1, p. 79
  47. ^ Zahid, Farhan. "Profile of Jaish-e-Muhammad and Leader Masood Azhar." Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses, vol. 11, no. 4, 2019, p. 2
  48. ^ Ayesha Siddiqa (13 March 2019), "Jaish-e-Mohammed: Under the Hood", The Diplomat. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  49. ^ Husain Haqqani, "Review" in Foreign Policy, No. 132 (Sep.-Oct., 2002), p. 73
  50. ^ Ahmed, Tufail. "'Forty Diseases Of The Jews' – Pakistan Army-Backed Jihadi Commander Maulana Masood Azhar's Book Says: 'Jews Are The Cancer Seeping Into All Of Humanity'". memri.org. Middle East Media Research Institute. from the original on 28 February 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  51. ^ Shrenik Rao (19 February 2019), "China Is Now Pakistan's Partner in Jihadist Terror", Haaretz. Retrieved 12 May 2020.

External links

  • BBC Profile (includes photos)
  • History Commons profile
  • Global Security profile 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  • China's move to block ban against Azhar came just before deadline
  • Masood Azhar at IMDb  

January 01, 1970
masood, azhar, mohammad, alvi, born, july, august, 1968, radical, islamist, terrorist, being, founder, leader, pakistan, based, terrorist, organisation, jaish, mohammed, active, mainly, pakistani, administered, portion, kashmir, region, actions, limited, south. Mohammad Masood Azhar Alvi 1 born 10 July or 7 August 1968 is a radical Islamist and terrorist 2 3 being the founder and leader of the Pakistan based terrorist organisation Jaish e Mohammed active mainly in the Pakistani administered portion of the Kashmir region 4 His actions are not limited to the South Asian region for instance BBC News described him as the man who brought jihad to Britain 5 On 1 May 2019 Masood Azhar was listed as an international terrorist by the United Nations Security Council 1 Masood AzharBirth nameMohammad Masood Azhar AlviBorn 1968 07 10 10 July 1968 age 55 Bahawalpur Punjab PakistanAllegianceHarkat ul Ansar Harkat ul Mujahideen Jaish e MohammadRelationsAbdul Rauf Azhar brother Contents 1 Early life 2 Activities in Somalia 3 Activities in the United Kingdom 4 Harkat ul Ansar 5 Arrest in India 6 Release after hijacking 7 Jaish e Mohammed 7 1 2001 Indian Parliament attack 7 2 2008 Mumbai attacks 7 3 2016 Pathankot attack 7 4 2019 Pulwama attack 8 Sanctions 9 Bibliography 9 1 Books and booklets by him 9 2 Books and booklets about him 10 See also 11 References 12 External linksEarly lifeAzhar was born in Bahawalpur Punjab Pakistan on 10 July 1968 6 although some sources list his birth date as 7 August 1968 7 as the third of 11 children five sons and six daughters Azhar s father Allah Bakhsh Shabbir was the headmaster at a government run school as well as a cleric with Deobandi leanings and his family operated a dairy and poultry farm 6 8 Azhar dropped out of mainstream school after class 8 and joined the Jamia Uloom Islamic school from where he graduated out in 1989 as an alim and was soon appointed as a teacher 8 The madrasa was heavily involved with Harkat ul Ansar and Azhar was subsequently assumed under its folds after being enrolled for a jihad training camp at Afghanistan 6 Despite failing to complete the course he joined the Soviet Afghan War and retired after suffering injuries Thereafter he was chosen as the head of Harkat s department of motivation He was also entrusted with the editorial responsibilities for the Urdu language magazine Sad e Mujahidin and the Arabic language Sawte Kashmir 7 6 Azhar later became the general secretary of Harkat ul Ansar and visited many international locations to recruit to raise funds and to spread the message of Pan Islamism Among his destinations were Zambia Abu Dhabi Saudi Arabia Mongolia the United Kingdom and Albania 6 Activities in SomaliaAzhar confessed that in 1993 he traveled to Nairobi Kenya to meet with leaders of al Itihaad al Islamiya citation needed an al Qaeda aligned Somali group who had requested money and recruits from Harkat ul Mujahideen HuM Indian intelligence officials believe that he made at least three trips to Somalia and that he also helped bring Yemeni mercenaries to Somalia 9 Activities in the United KingdomIn August 1993 Azhar entered the United Kingdom for a speaking fundraising and recruitment tour His message of jihad was given at some of Britain s most prestigious Islamic institutions including the Darul Uloom Bury seminary Zakariya Mosque Madina Masjid in Blackburn and Burnley and Jamia Masjid His message was that substantial proportion of the Koran had been devoted to killing for the sake of Allah and that a substantial volume of sayings of the Islamic prophet Muhammad were on the issue of jihad Azhar made contacts in Britain who helped to provide training and logistical support the terror plots including 7 7 21 7 and the attempt in 2006 to smuggle liquid bomb making substances on to transatlantic airlines 10 Harkat ul AnsarIn 1993 the militant organisation Harkat ul Ansar was established and Masood served as its general secretary 11 In 1998 U S s Central Intelligence Agency CIA in its report stated HuA an Islamic extremist organisation that Pakistan supports in its proxy war against Indian forces in Kashmir increasingly is using terrorist tactics against Westerners and random attacks on civilians that could involve Westerners to promote its pan Islamic agenda CIA also stated that Hua had abducted at least 13 persons of which 12 were from western countries in the period from early 1994 to 1998 11 Arrest in IndiaIn early 1994 Azhar travelled to Srinagar under a fake identity to ease tensions between Harkat ul Ansar s feuding factions of Harkat ul Jihad al Islami and Harkat ul Mujahideen 6 India arrested him in February from Khanabal near Anantnag and imprisoned him for his terrorist activities with the groups 9 6 On being arrested he said Soldiers of Islam have come from 12 countries to liberate Kashmir We will answer your carbines with rocket launchers 12 He was imprisoned at the Badami Bagh Cantonment in Srinagar Tihar Jail in Delhi and lastly the Kot Balwal Jail in Jammu from where he would eventually be released 13 14 In July 1995 six foreign tourists were kidnapped in Jammu and Kashmir The kidnappers referring to themselves as Al Faran a pseudonym of the Harkat ul Mujahideen 15 included the release of Masood Azhar among their demands 6 One of the hostages managed to escape whilst another was found in a decapitated state in August 9 The others were never seen or heard from since 1995 16 17 FBI had interrogated Azhar multiple times during his jail stay on the locus of the kidnappings 9 Release after hijackingFour years later in December 1999 an Indian Airlines Flight 814 IC814 en route from Kathmandu in Nepal to New Delhi was hijacked and eventually landed in Kandahar Afghanistan after being flown to multiple locations Kandahar at that time was controlled by the Taliban which was supported by Pakistan s ISI Masood Azhar was one of the three militants demanded to be released in exchange for freeing the hostages Subsequently Azhar was freed by the Indian government in a decision criticised by many including Ajit Doval as a diplomatic failure and that no one worth any consequence was contacted either by the then foreign minister Jaswant Singh or the then foreign secretary Lalit Mansingh and as a consequence the Indian ambassador could not even get inside the Abu Dhabi airport 18 19 The hijackers of IC814 were led by Masood Azhar s brother 20 Ibrahim Athar His release from Kot Bhalwal jail was supervised by an IPS officer S P Vaid 21 His younger brother Abdul Rauf Asghar had planned this attack Once Masood Azhar was handed over to the hijackers they fled to Pakistani territory Pakistan had said the hijackers would be arrested if found The Pakistani government also previously indicated that Azhar would be allowed to return home since he did not face any charges there 22 Shortly after his release Azhar made a public address to an estimated 10 000 people in Karachi He proclaimed I have come here because this is my duty to tell you that Muslims should not rest in peace until we have destroyed India vowing to liberate the Kashmir region from Indian rule 22 In 1999 after Masood s release the Harkat ul Ansar was proscribed by the U S and added to the list of banned terrorist organisations This move forced Harkat ul Ansar to change its name to the Harkat ul Mujahideen HuM 11 Jaish e MohammedAzhar planned to start a new outfit named as Jaish e Mohammed JeM He reportedly received assistance from Pakistan s spy agency Inter Services Intelligence ISI the Taliban regime in Afghanistan Osama bin Laden and multiple Sunni sectarian organisations based in Pakistan 11 JeM is run by Azhar s family like a family enterprise 11 Jamia Binoria madarsa linked JeM with the Afghan Taliban 11 2001 Indian Parliament attack Jaish e Mohammed carried out a string of deadly attacks against Indian targets including the attack on the Indian parliament in December 2001 that brought India and Pakistan to the brink of a full scale war 23 The terrorist attack on the Parliament of India in New Delhi happened on 13 December 2001 The perpetrators belonged to Lashkar e Taiba LeT and Jaish e Mohammed JeM both Pakistan based terrorist organisations 24 The attack led to the deaths of five terrorists six Delhi Police personnel two Parliament Security Service personnel and a gardener in total 14 and to increased tensions between India and Pakistan resulting in the 2001 02 India Pakistan standoff 25 Soon after the Indian parliament attack on 29 December 2001 Masood Azhar was detained for a year by Pakistani authorities after diplomatic pressure by India and International community in connection with the attack but was never formally charged 11 The Lahore High Court ordered an end to the house arrest on 14 December 2002 much to the fury of India 26 Azhar was never arrested after that 11 2008 Mumbai attacks Main article 2008 Mumbai attacks On 7 December 2008 it was claimed that he was among several arrested by the Pakistani government after a military raid on a camp located on the outskirts of Muzaffarabad in connection with the 2008 Mumbai attacks He continued to live in Bhawalpur 27 28 Pakistan s government denied it had arrested Masood Azhar and said it was unaware of his whereabouts 29 On 26 January 2014 Azhar reappeared after a seclusion of two years He addressed a rally in Muzaffarabad calling for the resumption of jihad in Kashmir In March 2014 a spokesperson of Jaish e Muhammad claimed that he was in Srinagar India 30 2016 Pathankot attack Main article 2016 Pathankot attack The 2016 Pathankot attack on Indian air base is said to be masterminded by Masood Azhar and his brother They were in direct touch with terrorists even after the attack had begun Indian investigative agencies have given dossiers containing proofs of Azhar s complicity in the terror attack and also sought a second ʽred corner noticeʼ from ʽInterpolʼ 31 32 2019 Pulwama attack Main article 2019 Pulwama attack On 14 February 2019 a convoy of vehicles carrying security personnel on the Jammu Srinagar National Highway was attacked by a vehicle bound suicide bomber in Lethpora near Awantipora Pulwama district Jammu and Kashmir India The attack resulted in the death of 44 Central Reserve Police Force CRPF personnel and the attacker The responsibility for the attack was claimed by the Pakistan based Islamist terrorist group Jaish e Mohammed 33 34 He approved the attacks from the Pakistani Army Hospital where he is under protective custody 35 After the attack France United Kingdom and United States moved a proposal at UN Security Council to ban Masood 36 SanctionsThe U S Treasury is prohibiting Americans from engaging in any transactions with three Pakistan based militants and a front group Al Rehmat Trust called an operational front for Jaish e Mohammed was designated for providing support to and for acting for or on behalf of that group and Mohammed Masood Azhar Alvi Jaish e Mohammed s founder and leader was designated as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist on the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List for acting on behalf of the group 37 38 39 The Chinese government blocked a UN Security Council Sanctions Committee listing of Azhar as a terrorist thwarting international efforts to disrupt the activities of his group 40 41 Starting 2009 there have been 4 attempts to put Masood Azhar in the UN Security Council s counter terrorism sanctions list All the attempts were vetoed by China citing lack of evidence China moved to protect Azhar again in October 2016 when it blocked India s appeal to the United Nations to label him as a terrorist 42 China also blocked US move to get Azhar banned by UN in February 2017 43 The most recent attempt was on 13 March 2019 44 However China pulled the blockade in May 2019 finally resulting listing of Masood Azhar as a global terrorist by the Al Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee 1 45 BibliographyBooks and booklets by him Described as a prolific writer 46 he has authored some 20 books mainly on jihad 47 including Fatah ul Jawad described by scholar Ayesha Siddiqa as his seminal work it is a book on jihad with two volumes of 2 000 pages each 48 Faz aʼil i jihad kamil On the importance of Jihad a 850 page commentary on Mashariʻal Ashwaq ilʹa Maṣariʻ al ʻUshshaq by the medieval scholar Ibn an Naḥas In 2002 it was estimated that some 20 000 copies of this book have been sold in Pakistan 49 Yahud ki calis bimaryan Forty Diseases Of The Jews Middle East Media Research Institute noted that it may be one of the most antisemitic book of the Urdu language with 424 pages and 440 Qur anic verses quoted 50 He has criticized the whole of Judaism calling it another name for those beliefs ideas and practices which were invented by Satan 51 Muskurate zak h m Political autobiography K h ut bat i jihad Islamic sermons in two volumes on the eminence of Jihad according to the teachings of Islam Rang o nur Collected columns chiefly on jihad and criticizing Pakistani government for following United States policies Jamal i Jamil On the life of Muḥammd Jamil K h an 1953 2004 a noted religious scholar Zad i mujahid maʻ maktubat i k h adim On the eminence views and interpretation of Jihad 7 din raushni ke jazire par 7 Days comprehensive course on Islamic teaching Tuḥfah yi saʻadat Study of God s names in the Qur an Books and booklets about him Maulana Masʻud Aẓhar mujahid ya dahshatgard by Muḥammad T ariq Maḥmud Cug h taʼi Asir i Hind Maulana Masʻud Aẓhar ke paidaʼish parvarish jihad men shirkat by ʻAbdullah Masʻud See alsoAbdul Rauf Asghar Mohammed Omar Osama bin Laden Kandahar Hijacking List of fugitives from justice who disappearedReferences a b c Mohammad Masood Azhar Alvi United Nations Security Council 1 May 2019 Retrieved 1 May 2019 Outlook Web Bureau 15 February 2019 What Is Jaish e Mohammad Who Is Masood Azhar Outlook India Retrieved 9 April 2020 Masood Azhar is now a UN global terrorist Know what it means Economic Times The astonishing rise of Jaish e Mohammed It s bad news for Kashmir India and Pakistan FirstPost Archived from the original on 16 January 2016 Retrieved 17 January 2016 Masood Azhar The man who brought jihad to Britain 5 April 2016 BBC News Retrieved 6 April 2020 a b c d e f g h Maulana Masood Azhar Kashmir Herald 1 8 kashmiri pandit org January 2002 Archived from the original on 11 December 2008 Retrieved 8 June 2009 a b India s most wanted Vol 19 Frontline 2002 ISBN 0066210631 a b How significant is Jaish e Muhammad in Kashmir today The Indian Express 10 November 2017 Retrieved 18 February 2019 a b c d Watson Paul Sidhartha Barua 25 February 2002 Somalian Link Seen to Al Qaeda LA Times Archived from the original on 25 February 2002 The man who brought jihad to Britain in 1993 BBC 4 April 2016 Archived from the original on 20 June 2018 a b c d e f g h India fortifying case to put Jaish on ban list The Hindu 4 March 2019 Retrieved 14 March 2019 Pathak Shekhar Gupta Rahul 15 May 1994 Specter of subversion looms over India as Pakistan sponsored arms mercenaries and funds from Muslim world pour in to destabilise Kashmir India Today Retrieved 2 May 2019 Sachdeva Sujata Dutta 17 February 2002 Networking in Tihar How it works The Times of India Still remember the day Masood Azhar was released recalls former jailor Hindustan Times 1 May 2019 Al Faran TheFreeDictionary com WordNet Princeton University IndoPak New book claims India backed group killed kidnapped Kashmir tourists Public Radio International 3 April 2012 Archived from the original on 1 April 2018 Retrieved 31 March 2018 Middlesbrough hostage Keith Mangan abducted in Kashmir 20 years ago today Gazettelive co uk 4 July 2005 Archived from the original on 1 April 2018 Retrieved 31 March 2018 Gannon Kathy 31 December 1999 Hopes for end to jet hijack The Independent London Archived from the original on 21 December 2008 Retrieved 11 February 2009 Kandahar hijack was India s diplomatic failure Jaleel Muzamil 6 June 2016 After Kandahar swap India offered Taliban cash to get me JeM chief London The IndianExpress Archived from the original on 7 November 2016 Retrieved 5 November 2017 Even without Kandahar Azhar may have walked out The Indian Express 17 December 2008 a b Hussain Zahid 5 January 2000 Freed Militant Surfaces Associated Press Archived from the original on 1 September 2000 Retrieved 7 January 2008 Tanner Marcus 2001 12 17 Pakistan blamed by India for raid on parliament The Independent Terrorist Attack on the Parliament of India Embassy of India Washington DC 18 December 2001 Archived from the original on 11 June 2010 Retrieved 12 December 2018 From Kashmir to the FATA The ISI Loses Control Global Bearings 28 October 2011 Archived from the original on 27 January 2012 Indian fury over freed militant BBC News 14 December 2002 Archived from the original on 3 January 2009 Retrieved 8 January 2008 Subramanian Nirupama 18 December 2008 Restrictions put on Masood Azhar The Hindu Chennai India Archived from the original on 12 December 2008 JeM chief Masood Azhar under house arrest Times of India 9 December 2008 Archived from the original on 12 December 2008 Pakistan denies militant arrested BBC News 18 December 2008 Archived from the original on 21 December 2008 In Plain View 23 March 2014 Archived from the original on 16 April 2014 Retrieved 15 April 2014 Jaish chief Masood Azhar identified as mastermind of Pathankot terror attack Times of India The Times of India Archived from the original on 8 September 2017 The Hindu Net Desk The 1267 Committee China s hold and Masood Azhar A short history The Hindu What is Jaish e Mohammad BBC 15 February 2019 Retrieved 14 March 2019 Sanctions List Materials United Nations Security Council www un org Retrieved 11 August 2021 Masood Azhar gave nod for Pulwama attack from Army base hospital in Pakistan Times of India The Times of India 17 February 2019 Retrieved 17 February 2019 Surgical airstrike Kandahar Jaish hijacker Yusuf Azhar was present at Balakot camp say sources India News 27 February 2019 Archived from the original on 27 February 2019 U S Treasury targets Pakistani militants CNN 4 November 2010 Archived from the original on 8 November 2012 US Department of the Treasury Archived 2010 11 11 at the Wayback Machine Treas gov Retrieved on 2013 03 14 Maulana Mohammad Masood Azhar sanctionssearch ofac treas gov China s move to block ban against Azhar came just before deadline The Hindu 2 April 2016 Archived from the original on 2 April 2016 Sutirtho Patranobis 23 April 2016 China fumes after India issues visa to Uyghur terrorist Hindustan Times Archived from the original on 23 April 2016 China blocks India s move to ban Jaish chief Masood Azhar again Hindustan Times 1 October 2016 Archived from the original on 12 October 2016 China blocked US move to get Masood Azhar banned by UN Times of India Archived from the original on 9 February 2017 If China continues to block Masood Azhar s designation as global terrorist UN may be forced to pursue other actions UNSC diplomat Firstpost 14 March 2019 Retrieved 14 March 2019 AQ Sanctions List un org Ben Brandt AZHAR MASOOD in Peter Chalk Encyclopedia of Terrorism ABC CLIO 2013 vol 1 p 79 Zahid Farhan Profile of Jaish e Muhammad and Leader Masood Azhar Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses vol 11 no 4 2019 p 2 Ayesha Siddiqa 13 March 2019 Jaish e Mohammed Under the Hood The Diplomat Retrieved 30 March 2020 Husain Haqqani Review in Foreign Policy No 132 Sep Oct 2002 p 73 Ahmed Tufail Forty Diseases Of The Jews Pakistan Army Backed Jihadi Commander Maulana Masood Azhar s Book Says Jews Are The Cancer Seeping Into All Of Humanity memri org Middle East Media Research Institute Archived from the original on 28 February 2018 Retrieved 9 October 2018 Shrenik Rao 19 February 2019 China Is Now Pakistan s Partner in Jihadist Terror Haaretz Retrieved 12 May 2020 External linksBBC Profile includes photos History Commons profile Global Security profile Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine China s move to block ban against Azhar came just before deadline Masood Azhar at IMDb nbsp Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Masood Azhar amp oldid 1198832934, wikipedia, wiki, book, 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