Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami
Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami (Arabic: حركة الجهاد الإسلامي, romanized: Ḥarkat al-Jihād al-Islāmiyah, lit. 'Islamic Jihad Movement"', HuJI) is a Pakistani Islamic fundamentalist Jihadist organisation affiliated with Al-Qaeda and the Taliban.[3][4]
| Founders | Fazlur Rehman Khalil Qari Saifullah Akhtar |
|---|---|
| Leader | Ilyas Kashmiri † Shah Sahib |
| Dates of operation | 1985–present |
| Active regions | |
| Ideology | Islamism Islamic fundamentalism |
| Status | Active |
| Size | >400+ (claimed)[1] |
| Allies | |
| Battles and wars | Soviet–Afghan War Kashmir insurgency Internal conflict in Bangladesh Bangladesh drug war War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) |
| Designated as a terrorist group by | |
It has been the most active in the South Asian countries of Pakistan, Bangladesh and India since the early 1990s. The militant organisation has been designated as a terrorist group by India, Israel, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States and its Bangladesh branch was banned in Bangladesh in 2005.
The operational commander of HuJI, Ilyas Kashmiri, was killed in a US drone strike in South Waziristan on 4 June 2011.[5] He was linked to the 13 February 2010 bombing of a German bakery in Pune. A statement was released soon after the attack which claimed to be from Kashmiri; it threatened other cities and major sporting events in India.[6] A local Taliban commander named Shah Sahib was named as Kashmiri's successor.[7]
History edit
HuJI or HJI was formed in 1984, during the Soviet–Afghan War, by Fazlur Rehman Khalil and Qari Saifullah Akhtar. Khalil later broke away to form his own group, Harkat-ul-Ansar (HuA), which became the most feared militant organisation in Kashmir.[8] This group would later re-form as Harkat-ul-Mujahideen (HuM), when HuA was banned by the United States in 1997.[9]
HuJI first limited its operations in Afghanistan to defeat the Communists, but after the Soviets retreated, the organisation exported jihad to the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. HuJI's influence expanded into Bangladesh when the Bangladesh unit was established in 1992, with direct assistance from Osama bin Laden.[10]
Ideology edit
The organisation along with other jihadists groups such as Harkat-ul-Mujahideen, Jaish-e-Mohammed, Al-Qaeda & Lashkar-e-Taiba had similar motivations and goals.Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami and Harkat-ul-Mujahideen were both strongly backed by the Taliban,Al-Qaeda & therefore the group professed Taliban-style fundamentalist Islam The organisation aims to spread Radical Islamist ideology to liberate the Kashmir, Afghanistan, Palestine & the rest of Islamic lands from the clutches of the enemies of Islam & enforce Sharia law in Muslim majority areas.[11]
Activities in Bangladesh edit
In the 1990s, the training for these recruits was given in the hilly areas of Chittagong and Cox's Bazar.[10][12] Later on, members of the group made an attempt on the life of Shamsur Rahman, the liberal poet in January 1999.[13] HuJi claimed responsibility for the 2001 Ramna Batamul bombings, which killed 10 people. A member of the suicide squad of HuJi also died. Committed to establishing an Islamic rule,[14] HuJI was the prime suspect in a scheme to assassinate the Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina in the year 2000.[15] In October 2005, it was officially banned by the government of Bangladesh.[16] The group has been condemned by Islamist groups such as the Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh.[17][18]
Activities in India edit
Government of India has declared and banned it as a terrorist organisation.[19] In April 2006, the state police Special Task Force in India uncovered a plot by six HuJI terrorists, including the mastermind behind the 2006 Varanasi bombings, involving the destruction of two Hindu temples in the Indian city of Varanasi. Maps of their plans were recovered during their arrest. Huji has claimed responsibility for blasts at the Delhi High Court which claimed the lives of 10 and injured around 60.[20] Vikar Ahmed, a member of an Islamist group, and connected to HuJI, has been accused of murdering police officers in Hyderabad. He is also a suspect in the Mecca Masjid bombing.[21]
Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami has claimed responsibility for the 2011 Delhi bombing. However, this has not been confirmed by the National Investigation Agency.[22][23]
14 people were killed and 94 people were injured in the bomb blast. Police have released two sketches of the suspects.[24] Here is the Embedded video link for this latest attack. This link has English news video clip.[25] This is in Hindi Language.[26] Also as clear in the video links, they have also made threats to target other Indian cities.
Designation as a terrorist organisation edit
Countries and organisations below have officially listed Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami (HUJI) as a terrorist organisation.
| Country | Date | References |
| United Kingdom | 14 October 2005 | [27] |
| India | 29 December 2004 | [28] |
| Bangladesh | 17 October 2005 | [29] |
| Israel | 2005 | [30] |
| New Zealand | 15 December 2010 | [31] |
| United States | 6 August 2010 | [32] |
On 6 August 2010, the United Nations designated Harakat-ul Jihad al-Islami as a foreign terror group and blacklisted its commander Ilyas Kashmiri. State Department counterterrorism coordinator Daniel Benjamin asserted that the actions taken demonstrated the global community's resolve to counter the group's threat. "The linkages between HUJI and Al-Qaeda are clear, and today's designations convey the operational relationship between these organizations," Benjamin said.[33][34]
Militant attacks claimed by or attributed to HuJI edit
| Date | Country | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1999 | Bangladesh | Failed attempt to assassinate the humanist poet Shamsur Rahman |
| 2000 | Bangladesh | Alleged failed scheme to assassinate the Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina |
| 14 April 2001 | Bangladesh | Pahela Baishakh attack on Ramna Batamul |
| 2003 | India | Role in assassination of the former Gujarat Home Minister Haren Pandya. |
| 2002 January | India | Terror attack near the American Centre in Kolkata, executed in collaboration with the Dawood-linked mafioso Aftab Ansari |
| 2004 | Bangladesh | 2004 Dhaka grenade attack attempt to assassinate Sheikh Hasina |
| 2005 June | India | Bombing of the Delhi-Patna Shramjeevi Express at Jaunpur |
| 2005 | India | Suicide bombing of the headquarters of the Andhra Pradesh Police's counter-terrorism Special Task Force. A Bangladeshi national, Mohatasin Bilal, had carried out the bombing |
| March 2006 | Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India | Bombing of the Sankat Mochan temple, which was traced to HuJI's Bangladesh-based cells |
| 25 August 2007 | Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India | 25 August 2007 Hyderabad bombings (suspected, but no evidence revealed as of early September) |
| 13 May 2008 | Jaipur, Rajasthan, India | 13 May 2008 Jaipur bombings (suspected; evidence pending.) |
| 25 July 2008 | Bangalore, India | 2008 Bengaluru serial blasts (suspected; evidence pending.) |
| 26 July 2008 | Ahmadabad, India | 2008 Ahmedabad serial blasts (suspected; evidence pending.) |
| 13 September 2008 | Delhi, India | 2008 Delhi serial blasts (suspected; evidence pending.) |
| 20 September 2008 | Islamabad, Pakistan | 2008 Marriott Hotel bombing (claimed by HuJI; evidence pending.) |
| 1 October 2008 | Agartala, Tripura, India | 2008 Agartala bombings (HuJI suspected; evidence pending.) |
| 30 October 2008 | Guwahati, Barpeta, Kokrajhar, Bongaigaon, India | 2008 Assam bombings (HuJI suspected; evidence pending.) |
| 13 February 2010 | Pune, India | 2010 Pune bombing (HuJI suspected)[35] |
| 7 September 2011 | New Delhi, India | 2011 Delhi bombing (claimed by HuJI; evidence pending.) |
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Chapter 6. Foreign Terrorist Organizations". state.gov. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
- ^ Indian Mujahideen. Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism.
- ^ Hussain, Zahid (2007). Frontline Pakistan: The Struggle with Militant Islam. Columbia University Press. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-231-14224-3.
The first Pakistani jihadist group emerged in 1980 ... By 2002, Pakistan had become home to 24 militant groups ... among them were LeT, JeM, Harakat-ul-Mujahideen (HuM) and Harkat-al-Jihad-al-Islami (HJI). All these paramilitary groups, originally from the same source, had similar motivations and goals ... HuM and HJI were both strongly linked with the Taliban.
- ^ Pakistan – Mapping Militants. Stanford University.
- ^ M Ilyas Khan (4 June 2011). "US strike 'kills' key Pakistan militant Ilyas Kashmiri". BBC News. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
- ^ . Asia Times. 13 February 2010. Archived from the original on 19 February 2010. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Shah Sahib new chief of 313 Brigade". Pakistan Today. 13 August 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
- ^ Hussain, Zahid (2007). Frontline Pakistan: The Struggle with Militant Islam. Columbia University Press. p. 71. ISBN 978-0-231-14224-3.
In 1984 Khalil, along with another militant leader Saifullah Akhtar, founded Harkat-al-Jihad-al-Islami (HJI) ... A few years later he broke away to form his own group, Harkat-ul-Ansar (HuA). By 1990, HuA had emerged as one of the most feared militant groups fighting in Kashmir.
- ^ Hussain, Zahid (2007). Frontline Pakistan: The Struggle with Militant Islam. Columbia University Press. p. 72. ISBN 978-0-231-14224-3.
HuA was one of the groups on the [1997 list of terrorist organizations]. After being blacklisted by the US administration it resurfaced under a new banner, HuM.
- ^ a b Sudha Ramachandran. 'PART 2: Behind the Harkat-ul Jihad al-Islami' Asia Times Online, 10 December 2004
- ^ Hussain, Zahid (2007). Frontline Pakistan: The Struggle with Militant Islam. Columbia University Press. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-231-14224-3.
The first Pakistani jihadist group emerged in 1980 ... By 2002, Pakistan had become home to 24 militant groups ... among them were LeT, JeM, Harakat-ul-Mujahideen (HuM) and Harkat-al-Jihad-al-Islami (HJI). All these paramilitary groups, originally from the same source, had similar motivations and goals ... HuM and HJI were both strongly linked with the Taliban.
- ^ John Wilson. 'The Roots of Extremism in Bangladesh' 16 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine Terrorism Monitor, January 2005 issue, published by the Jamestown Foundation
- ^ "Shamsur Rahman, Bangladeshi Poet, Dies". The New York Times. 19 August 2006. from the original on 23 April 2009. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
- ^ Sudha Ramachandran. 'The Threat of Islamic Extremism to Bangladesh' 6 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine PINR – Power and Interest News Report, 27 July 2005
- ^ "Assassination Attempt on Hasina: Ten Huji men get death by shooting". The Daily Star. 21 August 2017. from the original on 22 August 2017.
- ^ "Bangladesh Nabs Five Suspected HuJI Militants". Benar News. 8 December 2016. from the original on 9 December 2016.
- ^ Azam, Kawsar (4 September 2014). . English24.com. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
- ^ Mirsab, A (7 September 2014). "Condemnation continues to pour from all corners against Al-Qaeda establishment in South Asia". Indian Muslim Relief and Charities. Indian Muslim Relief and Charities. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
- ^ . Ministry of Home Affairs, GoI. Government of India. Archived from the original on 3 May 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
- ^ Web18 (7 September 2011). "NIA team of 20 to probe Delhi blast". Firstpost. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Islamist extremism related incidents in Andhra Pradesh since 2007 South Asia Terrorism Portal
- ^ . Hindustan Times. 7 September 2011. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
- ^ Vishwa Mohan (7 September 2011). . The Times of India. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
- ^ . The Times of India. New Delhi. TNN. 7 September 2011. Archived from the original on 6 November 2011.
- ^ "Another e-mail claims responsibility for Delhi blasts". YouTube. 9 September 2011. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
- ^ "Delhi Police Releases Sketches of Two Blast Suspects" (in Hindi). YouTube. 7 September 2011. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
- ^ "Terrorism Act 2000". Schedule 2, Act No. 11 of 2000.
- ^ (PDF). The Gazette of India. 30 December 2004. p. 13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 April 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
- ^ Rahman, Waliur (17 October 2005). "Dhaka outlaws third Islamic group". BBC News. from the original on 11 March 2008. Retrieved 24 August 2010.
- ^ . Ministry of Justice (Israel). Archived from the original (DOC) on 10 August 2014.
- ^ "Lists associated with Resolution 1373". New Zealand Police. 20 July 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2014.
- ^ "Foreign Terrorist Organizations". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
- ^ "US, UN declare HuJI a terrorist organisation". Hindustan Times. PTI. 7 August 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
- ^ "Designations of Harakat-ul Jihad Islami (HUJI) and its Leader Mohammad Ilyas Kashmiri" (Press release). US Department of State. 6 August 2010. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
- ^ "Pune blast probe: Maha ATS detains suspected HuJI member". Zee News. 23 February 2010.
External links edit
- Profile of HuJI-Bangladesh (HuJI-B)
- HuJI Profile on FAS.org