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List of first female physicians by country

August 28, 2023

This is a list of the first qualified female physician to practice in each country, where that is known. Many, if not all, countries have had female physicians since time immemorial; however, modern systems of qualification have often commenced as male only, whether de facto or de jure. This lists the first women physicians in modern countries. The dates given in parentheses below are the dates the women graduated from medical school.

Africa Edit

Country Physician Year graduated

medical school

Year began

practice

  Algeria Aldjia Noureddine-Benallègue[1] 1946 1946
  Angola Melba Dias Costa[2] 1950
  Benin Solange Faladé[3][4] 1955
  Botswana Nolwandle Nozipo Mashalaba[5] 1965
  Burkina Faso Bibiane Kone[6]
  Burundi Marcelline Ntakibirora[7] 1982 1983
  Cameroon Gladys Ejomi[8] 1962
  Cape Verde Maria Francisca de Oliveira Sousa[9][10]
  Chad Grace Kodindo[11] 1977
  Comoros Zaitouni Abdou[12]
  Democratic Republic of Congo Louise Celia Fleming[13][14] 1895 1895
  Egypt Hilana Sedarous[15][16] 1930 1930
  Equatorial Guinea Margarita Roka Elobo[17][18]
  Eswatini Fanny Friedman[19]
  Ethiopia Widad Kidanemariam[20] c. 1960s
  Gambia Kinneh Sogur[21] 2007
  Ghana Susan Ofori-Atta[22] 1949 1949
  Ivory Coast Christiane Welffens-Ekra[23][24] c. 1975
  Kenya Mary de Sousa[25] 1919
  Lesotho Bertha Hardegger[26] (born in Switzerland) 1937
  Liberia Florence Gbeye D. McClain[27] 1962
  Libya Younes Qwaider[1] 1969
  Madagascar Marthe Ramiaramanana-Ralivao[28] 1950
  Malawi Vida Mungwira[29][30] (the country was then known as Nyasaland) 1956
  Mali Diaka Diawara Sacko[31]
  Mauritania Nusaiba Abdel-Qader and Meimouna mint Mohamed Lemine[32][33] 2015 2015
  Mauritius Sajeda Vayid[34] 1965
  Morocco Françoise Legey[35] (born in France) 1900 1909
  Namibia Libertina Amathila[36] 1969 1969
  Nigeria Elizabeth Abimbola Awoliyi[37] 1938 1938
  Republic of Congo Yvonne Obenga[38][39] c. 1970s
  São Tomé and Príncipe Julieta da Graça do Espírito Santo[40][41] 1955
  Senegal Marie-Thérèse Basse[42] 1957 1958
  Seychelles Hilda Stevenson-Delhomme[43] 1939
  Sierra Leone Irene Ighodaro[44][45] 1945
  Somalia Hawa Abdi[46] 1971 1971
  South Africa Jane Elizabeth Waterston[47] 1880
  Sudan Khalida Zahir[48] 1952 1952
Zaroui Sarkissian[49][50] 1952
  Tanzania Esther Mwaikambo[51] 1969 1969
  Tunisia Tewhida Ben Sheikh[1] 1936 1936
  Uganda Josephine Nambooze[a][52][53] 1959 1962
  Zambia Elwyn Chomba[54][55] 1973
  Zimbabwe Madeline Nyamwanza-Makonese[56] 1970 1970

Americas Edit

Country Physician Year graduated

medical school

Year began

practice

  Antigua and Barbuda Ruby Lake-Richards[57] 1954 1954
  Argentina Cecilia Grierson[58] 1889 1889
  Bahamas Merceline Dahl-Regis[59][b] c. 1960s
  Bolivia Amelia Chopitea Villa[60] 1926 1929
  Brazil Marie Durocher[61] 1834 1834
  Canada[62] Emily Stowe[63] 1867

1875

1867

1875

Jennie Kidd Trout[64] 1875 1875
  Chile Eloísa Díaz[65] 1886 1887
  Colombia Ana Galvis Hotz[66] 1877 1877
  Costa Rica Anita Figueredo[67] (lived in the U.S.) 1936
  Cuba Laura Martínez de Carvajal[68] 1889 1889
  Dominican Republic Sarah Loguen Fraser[c][70] 1884
  Ecuador Matilde Hidalgo[71] 1921 1921
  El Salvador Estela Gavidia[72] 1945 1945
  Guatemala Maria Isabel Escobar[73] 1942 1946
  Guyana Asin Ho A Shoo (Hoashoo)[74] 1912 1912
  Haiti Yvonne Sylvain[75] 1940 1940
  Honduras Martha Raudales de Midence[76] 1947 1947
  Jamaica Cicely Williams[77] 1923 1923
  Mexico Matilde Montoya[78] 1887 1887
  Nicaragua Concepción Palacios Herrera[79] 1927 1928
  Panamá Lidia Gertrudis Sogandares[80] 1934 1936
  Paraguay Gabriela Valenzuela and Froilana Mereles[81] 1924
  Peru Laura Esther Rodriguez Dulanto[82] 1899 1900
  Saint Kitts and Nevis Jean Lenore Harney[83]
  Saint Lucia Betty Bennet Wells[84] 1939
  Suriname Sophie Redmond[85] 1935 1935
  Trinidad and Tobago Stella Abidh[86] 1930
  United States Elizabeth Blackwell[87] (born in England) 1849 1851
  Uruguay Paulina Luisi[88] 1908 1909
  Venezuela Lya Imber[89] 1936 1936

Asia Edit

Country Physician Year graduated

medical school

Year began

practice

  Afghanistan Maghul M. Ali[90] 1957 1957
  Azerbaijan Sona Valikhan[91] 1908 1908
  Bahrain Sadeeqa Ali Al-Awadi[92] 1969
  Bangladesh Zohra Begum Kazi[93] 1935
  Brunei Datin Paduka Dr Hjh Intan[94]
  Cambodia Kek Galabru[95][96] 1968 1968
  China Kin Yamei[d] 1885 1885
  India Anandi Gopal Joshi / Kadambini Ganguly[97][98] 1886
  Indonesia Marie Thomas[99] 1912 1922
  Iran Sakineh Peri[100][101] 1934
  Iraq Anne Satyan[102] 1922[103]
  Israel Bat Sheva Yonis-Guttman[104] (first recorded) 1909
  Japan Ogino Ginko[105] 1882 1885
  Jordan Nirmen Totanji[106] 1953 1953
  Korea Esther Park (Kim Jeom-dong)[107] 1900
  Kyrgyzstan Kakish Ryskulovna Ryskulova[108] 1944 1944
  Kuwait Eleanor Jane Taylor Calverley[109] (born in the U.S.) 1908 1911
  Lebanon Anisa Saiba[110][111] c. 1890s c. 1890s
  Malaysia Salma Ismail[112] 1947 1947
  Mongolia V. Ichinkhorloo[113][114][115] 1947
  Myanmar Daw Saw Sa[116] 1912
    Nepal Jamila Sen[117][118] 1897 1899
  Oman Zakiyyah Bint Salem Bin Seif Al Me'man[119] 1944
  Pakistan Khabzam Iqbal[120] c. 1983
  Philippines Honoria Acosta-Sison[121] 1909 1909
  Saudi Arabia Nawal Jamal Al-Lail[122]
  Singapore Lee Choo Neo[123] 1919 1919
  Sri Lanka May Ratnayake[124] 1916 1916
  Syria Sabat Islambouli[125] 1890 1890
  Taiwan Tsai Ah-hsin[126] 1921 1925
  Tajikistan Sofya Khafizovna Khakimova[127] 1943 1943
  Thailand Pierra Vejjabul[128] 1936 1936
  United Arab Emirates Zulekha Daoud[129] 1963
  Uzbekistan Zulfiya Ibragimovna Umidova[130] 1922 1922
  Vietnam Henriette Bùi Quang Chiêu[131] 1934
  Yemen Claudie Fayein[132][133] (born in France) 1955
  • Nepal: Bethel Fleming[134][135] (born in the U.S.) is considered the first Western female physician to practice in the country.

Europe Edit

Country Physician Year graduated
medical school 		Year began
practice
  Albania Xhanfize (Frashëri) Basha[136] 1937
  Armenia Vergine G. Mikaelyan[137] 1927
  Austria Gabriele Possanner[138] 1897 1897
  Belarus Salome Regina Rusetskaya[e][139]
  Belgium Isala Van Diest[140] 1879 1879
  Bosnia and Herzegovina Teodora Krajewska[141] c. 1897[142]
  Bulgaria Anastasia Golovina[143] 1878 1878
  Croatia Karola Maier Milobar[144] 1900 1906
  Cyprus Maria Michaelides[145] 1927 1927
  Czech Republic Anna Honzáková[146] 1902 1902
  Denmark Nielsine Nielsen[147] 1886 1889
  Estonia Selma Feldbach[148] 1904
  Finland Rosina Heikel[75] 1878 1878
  France Madeleine Brès[149] 1875 1875
  Georgia (country) Pelagia Natsvlishvili[150] 1878 1878
  Germany Dorothea Erxleben[151] [152] 1754 1754
  Greece Maria Kalapothakes[153] 1894 1894
  Hungary Vilma Hugonnai[154] 1879 1897
  Iceland Kristín Ólafsdóttir[155] 1917[156]
  Ireland Eleanora Fleury[157] 1890 1890
  Italy Dorotea Bucca[f] pre-1390
  Kazakhstan Gulsum Asfendiyarova and Zeinep Sadykovna.[g][158] 1908
  Latvia Marija Vecrumba[159] 1911 1911
  Lithuania Barbora Burbaitė-Eidukevičienė[160] 1892 1900
  Luxembourg Louise Welter[h][161][162] 1924 1924
  Malta Blanche Huber[163] 1925 1925
  Moldova Maria Baltaga-Savitski[164] 1879
  Montenegro Divna Veković[165] 1940s
  Netherlands Aletta Jacobs[166] 1879 1879
  North Macedonia Suncica Apostolova[167] 1953
  Norway Marie Spångberg Holth[168] 1893 1893
  Poland Anna Tomaszewicz-Dobrska[169] 1877 1877
  Portugal Elisa Augusta da Conceição Andrade[170] 1889 1889
  Romania Maria Cuțarida-Crătunescu[171] 1884 1891
  Russia Nadezhda Suslova[172] 1867 1868
  Serbia Draga Ljočić[173] 1879 1881
  Slovakia Mária Bellová[174] 1910
  Slovenia Eleonora Jenko Groyer[175] 1907
  Spain Dolors Aleu i Riera[176] 1879 1882
  Sweden Lovisa Åhrberg[i] Never educated;
certified 1850s 		1840
  Switzerland Marie Heim-Vögtlin[26] 1874 1874
  Turkey Safiye Ali[1] 1922
  Ukraine Sofia Okunevska[177] 1894 1897
  United Kingdom Elizabeth Garrett Anderson[178] 1862 1865

Oceania Edit

Country Physician Year graduated
medical school 		Year began
practice
  Australia Constance Stone[179] 1890
  Fiji Kanta Madovji[180] 1968
  Kiribati Terenganuea Taaram[181] (then known as the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony) before 1974
  Micronesia Ulai Otobed[182] 1965
  New Zealand Emily Siedeberg[183] 1896 1905
  Papua New Guinea Joan Refshauge[184][185] 1947
  Samoa Viopapa Annandale-Atherton[186][187] 1964
  Solomon Islands Junilyn Pikacha[188] 1978 1981
  Tonga 'Akanesi Makakaufaki[189] 1976
  Tuvalu Nese Ituaso-Conway[190] 1999
Miliama Simeona[190] 1999

See also Edit

Notes Edit

  1. ^ Although Nambooze practiced medicine in Uganda, she is considered the first female physician in Central Africa (which includes the Central African Republic, Gabon, and Rwanda) and East Africa (which includes Djibouti, Eritrea, Mozambique and South Sudan)
  2. ^ According to various sources, Dahl-Regis is considered one of the first women to graduate with a medical degree during the 1960s.
  3. ^ Although Fraser was the first woman authorized to practice medicine in the Dominican Republic in 1884, Andrea Evangelina Rodríguez Perozo was the first woman to earn her medical degree in the Dominican Republic in 1909.[69]
  4. ^ Buwei Yang Chao was considered the first female doctor in China to specialize in Western medicine.
  5. ^ Salome Regina Rusetskaya never received any formal medical education.
  6. ^ First woman doctor in modern Italy was Ernestina Paper in 1877.
  7. ^ Jankümis Bayğozïna graduated from a medical school in 1885, but that was as an obsterician.
  8. ^ Although Marcelle Dauphin is considered Luxembourg's first female doctor in certain sources, she was actually a dentist. Welter was the first female general practitioner physician.
  9. ^ First Swedish woman doctor who graduated from a University was Charlotte Yhlen, and first woman doctor to graduate from a Swedish University was Karolina Widerström.

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August 28, 2023
list, first, female, physicians, country, this, list, incomplete, help, adding, missing, items, january, 2015, this, list, first, qualified, female, physician, practice, each, country, where, that, known, many, countries, have, female, physicians, since, time,. This list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items January 2015 This is a list of the first qualified female physician to practice in each country where that is known Many if not all countries have had female physicians since time immemorial however modern systems of qualification have often commenced as male only whether de facto or de jure This lists the first women physicians in modern countries The dates given in parentheses below are the dates the women graduated from medical school Contents 1 Africa 2 Americas 3 Asia 4 Europe 5 Oceania 6 See also 7 Notes 8 ReferencesAfrica EditCountry Physician Year graduated medical school Year began practice Algeria Aldjia Noureddine Benallegue 1 1946 1946 Angola Melba Dias Costa 2 1950 Benin Solange Falade 3 4 1955 Botswana Nolwandle Nozipo Mashalaba 5 1965 Burkina Faso Bibiane Kone 6 Burundi Marcelline Ntakibirora 7 1982 1983 Cameroon Gladys Ejomi 8 1962 Cape Verde Maria Francisca de Oliveira Sousa 9 10 Chad Grace Kodindo 11 1977 Comoros Zaitouni Abdou 12 Democratic Republic of Congo Louise Celia Fleming 13 14 1895 1895 Egypt Hilana Sedarous 15 16 1930 1930 Equatorial Guinea Margarita Roka Elobo 17 18 Eswatini Fanny Friedman 19 Ethiopia Widad Kidanemariam 20 c 1960s Gambia Kinneh Sogur 21 2007 Ghana Susan Ofori Atta 22 1949 1949 Ivory Coast Christiane Welffens Ekra 23 24 c 1975 Kenya Mary de Sousa 25 1919 Lesotho Bertha Hardegger 26 born in Switzerland 1937 Liberia Florence Gbeye D McClain 27 1962 Libya Younes Qwaider 1 1969 Madagascar Marthe Ramiaramanana Ralivao 28 1950 Malawi Vida Mungwira 29 30 the country was then known as Nyasaland 1956 Mali Diaka Diawara Sacko 31 Mauritania Nusaiba Abdel Qader and Meimouna mint Mohamed Lemine 32 33 2015 2015 Mauritius Sajeda Vayid 34 1965 Morocco Francoise Legey 35 born in France 1900 1909 Namibia Libertina Amathila 36 1969 1969 Nigeria Elizabeth Abimbola Awoliyi 37 1938 1938 Republic of Congo Yvonne Obenga 38 39 c 1970s Sao Tome and Principe Julieta da Graca do Espirito Santo 40 41 1955 Senegal Marie Therese Basse 42 1957 1958 Seychelles Hilda Stevenson Delhomme 43 1939 Sierra Leone Irene Ighodaro 44 45 1945 Somalia Hawa Abdi 46 1971 1971 South Africa Jane Elizabeth Waterston 47 1880 Sudan Khalida Zahir 48 1952 1952Zaroui Sarkissian 49 50 1952 Tanzania Esther Mwaikambo 51 1969 1969 Tunisia Tewhida Ben Sheikh 1 1936 1936 Uganda Josephine Nambooze a 52 53 1959 1962 Zambia Elwyn Chomba 54 55 1973 Zimbabwe Madeline Nyamwanza Makonese 56 1970 1970Americas EditCountry Physician Year graduated medical school Year began practice Antigua and Barbuda Ruby Lake Richards 57 1954 1954 Argentina Cecilia Grierson 58 1889 1889 Bahamas Merceline Dahl Regis 59 b c 1960s Bolivia Amelia Chopitea Villa 60 1926 1929 Brazil Marie Durocher 61 1834 1834 Canada 62 Emily Stowe 63 1867 1875 1867 1875Jennie Kidd Trout 64 1875 1875 Chile Eloisa Diaz 65 1886 1887 Colombia Ana Galvis Hotz 66 1877 1877 Costa Rica Anita Figueredo 67 lived in the U S 1936 Cuba Laura Martinez de Carvajal 68 1889 1889 Dominican Republic Sarah Loguen Fraser c 70 1884 Ecuador Matilde Hidalgo 71 1921 1921 El Salvador Estela Gavidia 72 1945 1945 Guatemala Maria Isabel Escobar 73 1942 1946 Guyana Asin Ho A Shoo Hoashoo 74 1912 1912 Haiti Yvonne Sylvain 75 1940 1940 Honduras Martha Raudales de Midence 76 1947 1947 Jamaica Cicely Williams 77 1923 1923 Mexico Matilde Montoya 78 1887 1887 Nicaragua Concepcion Palacios Herrera 79 1927 1928 Panama Lidia Gertrudis Sogandares 80 1934 1936 Paraguay Gabriela Valenzuela and Froilana Mereles 81 1924 Peru Laura Esther Rodriguez Dulanto 82 1899 1900 Saint Kitts and Nevis Jean Lenore Harney 83 Saint Lucia Betty Bennet Wells 84 1939 Suriname Sophie Redmond 85 1935 1935 Trinidad and Tobago Stella Abidh 86 1930 United States Elizabeth Blackwell 87 born in England 1849 1851 Uruguay Paulina Luisi 88 1908 1909 Venezuela Lya Imber 89 1936 1936Asia EditCountry Physician Year graduated medical school Year began practice Afghanistan Maghul M Ali 90 1957 1957 Azerbaijan Sona Valikhan 91 1908 1908 Bahrain Sadeeqa Ali Al Awadi 92 1969 Bangladesh Zohra Begum Kazi 93 1935 Brunei Datin Paduka Dr Hjh Intan 94 Cambodia Kek Galabru 95 96 1968 1968 China Kin Yamei d 1885 1885 India Anandi Gopal Joshi Kadambini Ganguly 97 98 1886 Indonesia Marie Thomas 99 1912 1922 Iran Sakineh Peri 100 101 1934 Iraq Anne Satyan 102 1922 103 Israel Bat Sheva Yonis Guttman 104 first recorded 1909 Japan Ogino Ginko 105 1882 1885 Jordan Nirmen Totanji 106 1953 1953 Korea Esther Park Kim Jeom dong 107 1900 Kyrgyzstan Kakish Ryskulovna Ryskulova 108 1944 1944 Kuwait Eleanor Jane Taylor Calverley 109 born in the U S 1908 1911 Lebanon Anisa Saiba 110 111 c 1890s c 1890s Malaysia Salma Ismail 112 1947 1947 Mongolia V Ichinkhorloo 113 114 115 1947 Myanmar Daw Saw Sa 116 1912 Nepal Jamila Sen 117 118 1897 1899 Oman Zakiyyah Bint Salem Bin Seif Al Me man 119 1944 Pakistan Khabzam Iqbal 120 c 1983 Philippines Honoria Acosta Sison 121 1909 1909 Saudi Arabia Nawal Jamal Al Lail 122 Singapore Lee Choo Neo 123 1919 1919 Sri Lanka May Ratnayake 124 1916 1916 Syria Sabat Islambouli 125 1890 1890 Taiwan Tsai Ah hsin 126 1921 1925 Tajikistan Sofya Khafizovna Khakimova 127 1943 1943 Thailand Pierra Vejjabul 128 1936 1936 United Arab Emirates Zulekha Daoud 129 1963 Uzbekistan Zulfiya Ibragimovna Umidova 130 1922 1922 Vietnam Henriette Bui Quang Chieu 131 1934 Yemen Claudie Fayein 132 133 born in France 1955Nepal Bethel Fleming 134 135 born in the U S is considered the first Western female physician to practice in the country Europe EditCountry Physician Year graduatedmedical school Year beganpractice Albania Xhanfize Frasheri Basha 136 1937 Armenia Vergine G Mikaelyan 137 1927 Austria Gabriele Possanner 138 1897 1897 Belarus Salome Regina Rusetskaya e 139 Belgium Isala Van Diest 140 1879 1879 Bosnia and Herzegovina Teodora Krajewska 141 c 1897 142 Bulgaria Anastasia Golovina 143 1878 1878 Croatia Karola Maier Milobar 144 1900 1906 Cyprus Maria Michaelides 145 1927 1927 Czech Republic Anna Honzakova 146 1902 1902 Denmark Nielsine Nielsen 147 1886 1889 Estonia Selma Feldbach 148 1904 Finland Rosina Heikel 75 1878 1878 France Madeleine Bres 149 1875 1875 Georgia country Pelagia Natsvlishvili 150 1878 1878 Germany Dorothea Erxleben 151 152 1754 1754 Greece Maria Kalapothakes 153 1894 1894 Hungary Vilma Hugonnai 154 1879 1897 Iceland Kristin olafsdottir 155 1917 156 Ireland Eleanora Fleury 157 1890 1890 Italy Dorotea Bucca f pre 1390 Kazakhstan Gulsum Asfendiyarova and Zeinep Sadykovna g 158 1908 Latvia Marija Vecrumba 159 1911 1911 Lithuania Barbora Burbaite Eidukeviciene 160 1892 1900 Luxembourg Louise Welter h 161 162 1924 1924 Malta Blanche Huber 163 1925 1925 Moldova Maria Baltaga Savitski 164 1879 Montenegro Divna Vekovic 165 1940s Netherlands Aletta Jacobs 166 1879 1879 North Macedonia Suncica Apostolova 167 1953 Norway Marie Spangberg Holth 168 1893 1893 Poland Anna Tomaszewicz Dobrska 169 1877 1877 Portugal Elisa Augusta da Conceicao Andrade 170 1889 1889 Romania Maria Cuțarida Crătunescu 171 1884 1891 Russia Nadezhda Suslova 172 1867 1868 Serbia Draga Ljocic 173 1879 1881 Slovakia Maria Bellova 174 1910 Slovenia Eleonora Jenko Groyer 175 1907 Spain Dolors Aleu i Riera 176 1879 1882 Sweden Lovisa Ahrberg i Never educated certified 1850s 1840 Switzerland Marie Heim Vogtlin 26 1874 1874 Turkey Safiye Ali 1 1922 Ukraine Sofia Okunevska 177 1894 1897 United Kingdom Elizabeth Garrett Anderson 178 1862 1865Oceania EditCountry Physician Year graduatedmedical school Year beganpractice Australia Constance Stone 179 1890 Fiji Kanta Madovji 180 1968 Kiribati Terenganuea Taaram 181 then known as the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony before 1974 Micronesia Ulai Otobed 182 1965 New Zealand Emily Siedeberg 183 1896 1905 Papua New Guinea Joan Refshauge 184 185 1947 Samoa Viopapa Annandale Atherton 186 187 1964 Solomon Islands Junilyn Pikacha 188 1978 1981 Tonga Akanesi Makakaufaki 189 1976 Tuvalu Nese Ituaso Conway 190 1999Miliama Simeona 190 1999See also EditList of first female pharmacists by country List of first women dentists by country Women in dentistry Women in medicineNotes Edit Although Nambooze practiced medicine in Uganda she is considered the first female physician in Central Africa which includes the Central African Republic Gabon and Rwanda and East Africa which includes Djibouti Eritrea Mozambique and South Sudan According to various sources Dahl Regis is considered one of the first women to graduate with a medical degree during the 1960s Although Fraser was the first woman authorized to practice medicine in the Dominican Republic in 1884 Andrea Evangelina Rodriguez Perozo was the first woman to earn her medical degree in the Dominican Republic in 1909 69 Buwei Yang Chao was considered the first female doctor in China to specialize in Western medicine Salome Regina Rusetskaya never received any formal medical education First woman doctor in modern Italy was Ernestina Paper in 1877 Jankumis Baygozina graduated from a medical school in 1885 but that was as an obsterician Although Marcelle Dauphin is considered Luxembourg s first female doctor in certain sources she was actually a dentist Welter was the first female general practitioner physician First Swedish woman doctor who graduated from a University was Charlotte Yhlen and first woman doctor to graduate from a Swedish University was Karolina Widerstrom References Edit a b c d Sante dz Actualites Les premieres femmes medecins du monde arabo musulman sante dz Guide de la sante en Algerie in French Retrieved 24 September 2021 Pioneer Portrait Melba Dias Costa a primeira medica portuguesa no Canada Gallery of the Portuguese Pioneers 27 January 2017 Retrieved 11 October 2021 Le groupe de Cotonou EPHEP in French 4 April 2016 Retrieved 29 September 2021 History Unruly African women who made their mark on the continent The Africa Report com 18 May 2021 Retrieved 29 September 2021 Botswana 40 Years On Call AllAfrica 26 February 2008 Pr Bibiane Kone un exemple Ordre medecins Bigirimana Carole 10 October 2020 Turashoboye Je serai une femme medecin Yaga Burundi in French Retrieved 29 September 2021 DR GLADYS EJOMI MARTIN LA PREMIERE FEMME MEDECIN AU CAMEROUN EST DECEDEE HIER Griote TV in French 31 December 2019 Retrieved 25 September 2021 Mindelo Movimento levanta voz contra destruicao do Patrimonio Historico na cidade Sociedade Inicio santiagomagazine cv in Portuguese Retrieved 30 September 2021 Baxo di Deus so Sinhor Dotor a homenagem de Brito Semedo aos medicos de e por Cabo Verde OMC in European Portuguese Retrieved 30 September 2021 RICH Jeremy Grace Kodindo In AKYEAMPONG Emmanuel K GATES JR Henry Louis right Dictionary of African Biography Oxford University Press 2012 v 3 p 406 407 Portrait de Dr Zaitouni ABDOU Premiere femme medecin des Comores HabarizaComores com Toute l actualite des Comores in French Retrieved 29 September 2021 Singer Hazel 10 February 2014 Louise Celia Lulu Fleming 1862 1899 Retrieved 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University Press of Florida ISBN 978 0 8130 2011 2 REPUBLIQUE DE COTE D IVOIRE Union Discipline Travail rvllnistere DE L EDUCATION NATIONALE FACULTE DE MEDECINE ABIDJAN PDF Free Download docplayer fr Retrieved 25 October 2021 A SURVEY OF INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES AND NEEDS IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA COUNTRY REPORTS THE POPULATION COUNCIL PDF AID POP Reference Library January 1975 Greenwood Anna Topiwala Harshad 2016 Indian Doctors in Kenya 1895 1940 The Forgotten History Cambridge Imperial and Post Colonial Studies Series Palgrave Macmillan UK pp 129 132 133 138 140 142 146 doi 10 1057 9781137440532 7 ISBN 9781137440532 OCLC 944066831 a b Falk Francesca 21 November 2018 Gender Innovation and Migration in Switzerland Springer ISBN 978 3 030 01626 5 Liberia to Get First Woman Doctor Jet 2 August 1962 Ramiaramanana Ralivao Marthe 1960 A Condensed History of Madagascar Impr Lutherienne African Women Department of Education in Tropical Areas University of London Institute of Education 1956 Dr Vida Mungwira Federation s first African woman doctor Central African Journal of Medicine 8 10 400 1 October 1962 hdl 10520 AJA00089176 4587 SACKO DIAKA DIAWARA La premiere femme medecin du Mali a tire sa reverence dans l indifference Nyeleni Magazine in French 17 December 2016 Retrieved 25 September 2021 موريتانيا تحتفل بتخريج أول دفعة من خريجي كلية الطب Al Fanar Media in Arabic 18 August 2015 Retrieved 30 September 2021 Sante Maghreb Le guide de la medecine et de la sante au Maghreb www santemaghreb com Retrieved 12 October 2021 Emrith Moomtaz 1994 History of the Muslims in Mauritius Editions Le Printemps ISBN 978 99903 23 10 8 Ha Marie Paule 2014 French Women and the Empire The Case of Indochina Oxford University Press p 76 doi 10 1093 acprof oso 9780199640362 001 0001 ISBN 9780199640362 OCLC 934656566 Retrieved 2 April 2018 Muehlenbeck Philip E Telepneva Natalia 4 May 2018 Warsaw Pact Intervention in the Third World Aid and Influence in the Cold War Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN 978 1 83860 985 6 Vidal Yinka 4 March 2015 How to Prevent the Spread of Ebola Effective Strategies to Reduce Hospital Acquired Infections Lara Publications Inc ISBN 978 0 9640818 8 8 Sante les femmes medecins du Congo lancent officiellement leurs activites adiac congo com toute l actualite du Bassin du Congo www adiac congo com Retrieved 30 September 2021 Dianzinga Scholastique Gamassa Elise Therese Dambendzet Jeanne 2011 La place et le role des femmes dans la societe congolaise 1960 2010 bilan et perspectives actes du forum national des femmes 28 31 juillet 2010 Brazzaville in French L Harmattan ISBN 978 2 296 54336 2 Non Tela 17 December 2008 Instituto Marques de Valle Flor homenageia Doutora Julieta da Graca Pinto do Espirito Santo Tela Non in European Portuguese Retrieved 1 October 2021 95 anos a defender o IO e a enaltecer as antigas alunas www dn pt in Portuguese 19 February 2014 Retrieved 1 October 2021 J A Jeune Afrique in French Groupe J A 1979 14 inspiring women of Seychelles www seychellesnewsagency com Retrieved 1 October 2021 Ighodaro Irene 1916 1995 Women in World History A Biographical Encyclopedia HighBeam Research 29 March 2015 Archived from the original on 29 March 2015 Retrieved 25 September 2021 The Black Handbook The People History and Politics of Africa and the Hawa Abdi trailblazing physician who built a haven for Somali families dies at 73 Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Retrieved 24 September 2021 van Heyningen E November 1996 Jane Elizabeth Waterston Southern Africa s first woman doctor Journal of Medical Biography 4 4 208 213 doi 10 1177 096777209600400404 ISSN 0967 7720 PMID 11618389 Mubarak Khalid Al 23 June 2015 Khalida Zahir obituary The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 1 May 2016 http www sudanjp org uploads 9 2 7 0 9270568 sjp v12 2 sudanese female doctors in paediatrics pdf bare URL PDF الدكتورة خالدة زاهر صحيفة الراكوبة www alrakoba net in Arabic 30 November 2001 Retrieved 26 September 2021 Tanzania s First Female Physician begins Medical School Builds Alliances with U S Institutions Duke Global Health Institute 2 November 2009 Retrieved 1 May 2016 Prof Namboze first female doctor in East Central Africa Uganda Golden Jubilee 50 years New Vision Retrieved 24 September 2021 Prof Nambooze Academic success that changed the region s history Daily Monitor 14 September 2020 Retrieved 27 October 2021 Professor Elwyn Mwika Chomba PDF Global Newborn Health Conference WHO PMNCH Board meets in New York WHO Retrieved 27 October 2021 Butaumocho Ruth 26 February 2005 Zimbabwe First Zim Woman Doctor an Inspiration The Herald UWI s first female graduate from Antigua and Barbuda to receive honorary degree this weekend sta uwi edu Retrieved 30 September 2021 La primera medica argentina Cecilia Grierson Museo Roca Instituto de Investigaciones Historicas Retrieved 24 September 2021 Public Health Heroes PAHO WHO Pan American Health Organization www paho org Retrieved 30 September 2021 La primera medica boliviana www paginasiete bo in Spanish Retrieved 24 September 2021 Porto F Cardoso T C February 2009 La lucha de las parteras diplomadas por la practica de la obstetricia en Rio de Janeiro Brasil Enfermeria Global 15 0 ISSN 1695 6141 Canadian licenses granted in 1880 Women in Medicine Where are we 150 years after Dr Emily Howard Stowe Canada s First Female Physician Department of Medicine School of Medicine Queen s University deptmed queensu ca Retrieved 24 September 2021 In His Name The Life and Times of Jenny Kidd Trout webfiles acu edu Retrieved 24 September 2021 Eloisa Diaz Insunza Universidad de Chile uchile cl Retrieved 24 September 2021 Las pioneras de la medicina en Colombia Bienestar Colsanitas www bienestarcolsanitas com in European Spanish Retrieved 24 September 2021 Pioneering female surgeon Anita Figueredo dies at 93 La Jolla Light 24 February 2010 Retrieved 24 September 2021 Espinosa Lopez Antonio Jose April 2004 La primera mujer cubana graduada de medico en la Universidad de La Habana Revista Cubana de Medicina General Integral 20 2 0 ISSN 0864 2125 Dra Andrea Evangelina Rodriguez Colegio Medico Dominicano cmd org do Retrieved 24 September 2021 Sarah Loguen Fraser Determined to be a doctor syracuse 17 February 2003 Retrieved 24 September 2021 Matilde Hidalgo abrio las puertas de una sociedad equitativa en Ecuador Ministerio de Salud Publica in Spanish Retrieved 24 September 2021 Reconocimiento a Trayectoria Laboral de Mujeres con mas de 30 anos al servicio del MINSAL Observatorio de Recursos Humanos en Salud de El Salvador rrhh salud gob sv Retrieved 24 September 2021 Diccionario Historico Biografico de Guatemala www fundacionhcg org Retrieved 24 September 2021 A Tribute to Renowned Guyanese Chinese Guyana Times International 26 February 2018 Retrieved 25 October 2022 a b Windsor Laura Lynn 2002 Women in Medicine An Encyclopedia ABC CLIO ISBN 978 1 57607 392 6 Tecnologia Direccion Ejecutiva de Gestion de FALLECE PRIMERA DOCTORA Y GINECoLOGA DE HONDURAS presencia unah edu hn in Spanish Retrieved 24 September 2021 Obituary Dr Cicely Williams The Independent 23 October 2011 Retrieved 24 September 2021 Muere Matilde Montoya Lafragua Primera medica mexicana Comision Nacional de los Derechos Humanos Mexico www cndh org mx Retrieved 24 September 2021 PALACIOS CONCEPCION ARBIZU CAMPOS Muere Conchita una sandinista de gran corazon Lidia Gertrudis Sogandares Rivera EnCaribe in Spanish Archived from the original on 10 March 2015 Retrieved 2 April 2018 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link Principales acciones sanitarias llevadas a cabo en la postguerra 1879 1932 PDF Ministerio de Salud Publica Paraguay Diaz Hector June 2007 Primera medica peruana Dra Laura Esther Rodriguez Dulanto 1872 1919 Anales de la Facultad de Medicina 68 2 181 184 doi 10 15381 anales v68i2 1229 ISSN 1025 5583 Historic St Kitts Dr Lenore Harney www historicstkitts kn Retrieved 26 September 2021 SLMDA AWARDS 2020 HIGHLIGHTS SLMDA Articles www slmda org Retrieved 26 September 2021 Sophie Redmond Vrouwelijke pioniers Atria in Dutch 6 June 2015 Retrieved 24 September 2021 Mohammed Patricia 1998 Stories in Caribbean Feminism Reflections on the Twentieth Century Centre for Gender and Development Studies The University of the West Indies ISBN 978 976 620 145 6 Boyd Julia 2013 The Excellent Doctor Blackwell The Life of the First Woman Physician Thistle Publishing ISBN 9781909609785 Herrero Maria Sol Antolin 17 August 2018 La historia de Paulina Luisi la primera medica uruguaya in Spanish Retrieved 24 September 2021 Traviezo Valles Luis Eduardo 2020 Lya Imber pediatra microbiologa y primera doctora de Venezuela 1914 1981 Kasmera in Spanish 48 1 Emadi Hafizullah 1 January 2002 Repression Resistance and Women in Afghanistan Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 9780275976712 Azerbaycanin ilk hekim qadin Sona Velixana aid materiallar Milli Azerbaycan Tarixi Muzeyinde azhistorymuseum gov az Retrieved 24 September 2021 First for Bahrain Women in medicine www citizensforbahrain com 12 January 2016 Retrieved 1 May 2016 Latif Muhammad Murad 8 November 2008 A tribute to Dr Zohra Kazi The Daily Star Retrieved 24 September 2021 Musdi Zasika 2008 Princess Hjh Masna presents eight women with special achievement awards www sultanate com Retrieved 21 October 2021 Kimsong Kay Ratana Keo Learn more about Pung Chhiv Kek Cambodia s first female doctor and founder of rights group Licadho www phnompenhpost com Retrieved 21 October 2021 Meet Pung Chhiv Kek Cambodia s First Female Doctor and Founder of Human Rights Group Seasia co Good News from Southeast Asia 23 May 2017 Retrieved 21 October 2021 First lady doctor of India The Telegraph Archived from the original on 14 October 2016 Retrieved 1 May 2016 Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 25 August 2020 Retrieved 13 October 2016 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Dokter Perempuan Pertama Indonesia Historia Majalah Sejarah Populer Pertama di Indonesia in Indonesian 22 March 2017 Retrieved 24 September 2021 معرفی زنان نامی در عرصه ی تاریخ پايگاه خبری افکارنيوز in Persian Retrieved 2 October 2021 زنان تاثیرگذار ایرانی سکینه پری IranWire خانه in Persian Retrieved 2 October 2021 العال أ صوريــة سلمــاني د محمد فتحي عبد وكالة الحدث الاخبارية المرأة والطب www alhadathcenter net in Arabic Retrieved 24 September 2021 Kristof Nicholas D 1 October 2002 Iraq s Little Secret The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 1 May 2016 http in bgu ac il bgi iyunim DocLib1 gender abstracts pdf bare URL PDF 埼玉県 荻野吟子について 埼玉県 in Japanese Retrieved 24 September 2021 د نيفين التوتنجي ذاكرة النهضة الطبية مع تأسيس الدولة 20 November 2017 이 아침의 인물 한국 최초의 女의사 박에스더 hankyung com in Korean 15 March 2019 Retrieved 24 September 2021 Apysheva Apal 1969 Doroga schastʹi a zhenshchin Kirgizstana in Russian Kyrgyzstan Windsor Laura Lynn 1 January 2002 Women in Medicine An Encyclopedia ABC CLIO ISBN 9781576073926 al Muqtaṭaf in Arabic 1938 Maʻṣum ʻAli ibn Aḥmad Ibn 1961 Talkhiṣ al Riyaḍ aw tuḥfat al ṭalbin al muqtaṭaf min Riyaḍ al salikin fi sharḥ ṣaḥifatSayyid al Sajidin in Arabic Maṭbaʻat al Ḥaydari Salma Ismail first Malay woman doctor dies at 95 The Star Retrieved 24 September 2021 Du vzhir T S 1974 Aldart emegteĭchu u d in Mongolian Ulsyn Khevleliĭn Gazar Mongolyn soelyn tu u kh Medlegiĭn aĭmag in Mongolian Admon 1999 ISBN 9789992950821 Erүүl mend anagaah uhaany salbaryn tүүhijg bүteelcsen emegtejchүүd www unen mn 8 March 2021 Retrieved 1 October 2021 Than Tharaphi 7 November 2013 Women in Modern Burma Routledge ISBN 978 1 134 66663 8 Pioneering women doctors of South Asia NewsIn Asia 10 March 2020 Retrieved 4 November 2022 Borthwick Meredith 8 December 2015 The Changing Role of Women in Bengal 1849 1905 Princeton University Press ISBN 978 1 4008 4390 9 Milestones in the History of Arab Women PDF Arab Women Organization Anjum Zahid Ḥusain 1992 Pakistan men avval avval insaʼiklopiḍiya in Urdu Maktabah yi Taʻmir i Insaniyyat First Filipino Woman Doctor Philippine Daily Inquirer 29 March 2010 Retrieved 24 September 2021 المدني قراءة د عبدالله 10 November 2017 3 سعوديات اقتحمن الطب في الزمن الصعب Okaz in Arabic Retrieved 24 September 2021 SINGAPORE WOMEN S HALL OF FAME Lee Choo Neo 13 January 2015 Archived from the original on 13 January 2015 Retrieved 24 September 2021 Ogilvie Marilyn Bailey Harvey Joy Dorothy 2000 The biographical dictionary of women in science pioneering lives from ancient times to the mid 20th century Internet Archive New York Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 92038 4 Rao Mallika 8 April 2014 Meet The Three Female Medical Students Who Destroyed Gender Norms A Century Ago HuffPost Retrieved 24 September 2021 Storm mg 24 May 2019 台灣第一位女醫師有多神 七歲能背千家詩 打敗日人考上醫學院 也許你阿嬤也被她接生過 風傳媒 www storm mg in Chinese Taiwan Retrieved 24 September 2021 Nasha Sofya K 90 letiyu vydayushegosya uchenogo i vracha Sadiniso Hakimovoj Novosti Tadzhikistana ASIA Plus asiaplustj info Retrieved 1 October 2021 Windsor Laura Lynn 2002 Women in Medicine An Encyclopedia ABC CLIO ISBN 978 1 57607 392 6 تعرف على تجربة المرأة التي أصبحت أول طبيبة في الإمارات www eremnews com in Arabic 31 December 2017 Retrieved 24 September 2021 Bolshaya Medicinskaya Enciklopediya BME pod redakciej Petrovskogo B V 3 e izdanie PLO VN 27 February 2020 Henriette Bui Quang Chieu Nữ bac sĩ đầu tien của Việt Nam PLO Retrieved 24 September 2021 Planiol Therese 2000 Herbes folles hier femmes medecins aujourd hui in French Editions Cheminements ISBN 978 2 84478 097 3 Poirier Jean 1972 Ethnologie regionale Asie Amerique Mascareignes in French Gallimard Dr Helen Isabel Huston www alberta ca Retrieved 30 October 2021 Dr Bethel Harris Fleming The Fabulous Flemings of Kathmandu Wilson in the World Hankey Center for the History of Women s Education exhibits wilson edu Retrieved 30 October 2021 19 gusht 1937 mjekja e pare shqiptare kthehet ne atdhe Diaspora Shqiptare in Albanian 19 August 2021 Retrieved 30 September 2021 Վերգինե Գևորգի Միքաելյան ysmu am Retrieved 28 October 2021 Women Students www univie ac at Retrieved 24 September 2021 Pervaya v istorii Belarusi zhenshina vrach Katalog vseh novostej Novosti Biblioteka UO GrGMU library grsmu by Retrieved 24 September 2021 Isala Van Diest the first female doctor in Belgium Focus on Belgium 3 December 2020 Retrieved 24 September 2021 Fuchs Brigitte Tahirovic Husref December 2019 Teodora Krajewska Official Female Doctor of Tuzla and Sarajevo Medical Practitioner Woman of Science Polish Patriot and Feminist Acta Medica Academica 48 3 317 327 doi 10 5644 ama2006 124 274 ISSN 1840 2879 PMID 32124632 North western Christian Advocate Swormstedt amp Poe 1 January 1897 Nazarska Georgeta 2008 Bulgarian Women Medical Doctors in the Social Modernization of the Bulgarian Nation State 1878 1944 Historical Social Research Historische Sozialforschung 33 2 124 232 246 ISSN 0172 6404 JSTOR 20762285 Medical Journal NOLIT Publishing House 1970 Ta agnwsta nosokomeia ths Lemesoy kai h prwth gynaika iatros Health News Retrieved 18 April 2023 ZENA IN cz Prvni ceska lekarka se prekazek nezalekla Magazin 4 November 2016 Archived from the original on 4 November 2016 Retrieved 24 September 2021 lex dk Den Store Danske in Danish Retrieved 24 September 2021 Noukogude Eesti tervishoid Zdravookhrnenie Sovetskoĭ Ėstonii in Estonian Ajalehtede Ajakirjade Kirjastus 1983 Garets Francoise Taliano des 21 August 2019 Un siecle d histoire culturelle en France de 1914 a nos jours in French Armand Colin ISBN 978 2 200 62662 4 პელაგია ნაცვლიშვილი საქართველოს ექიმები www nplg gov ge Retrieved 24 September 2021 Schiebinger L 1990 The Anatomy of Difference Race and Sex in Eighteenth Century Science pg 399 Eighteenth Century Studies 23 3 pgs 387 405 She was however an exception Emilie Lehmus and Franziska Tiburtius became the first women physicians after Germany allowed women to become medical doctors in 1899 and Ida Democh Maurmeier became the first licensed woman doctor in Germany in 1901 1 Agnodice was a 4th century BCE physician before modern Greece Ivan Volgyes Nancy Volgyes The liberated female life work and sex in socialist Hungary Westview Press 1977 p 9 100 ar fra thvi fyrsta konan lauk haskolaprofi RUV in Icelandic 15 February 2017 Retrieved 24 September 2021 Karlsson Gunnar 1 January 2000 The History of Iceland U of Minnesota Press ISBN 9780816635894 Fleury Eleonora Lilian Dictionary of Irish Biography www dib ie Retrieved 24 September 2021 Қazaktyn algashky әjel dәrigerleri www diagnews kz in Kazakh Retrieved 24 September 2021 Sievietes kuras iedvesmo cauri gadsimtiem LA LV in Latvian Retrieved 24 September 2021 Butkuviene Anele 2007 Garsios Lietuvos moterys in Lithuanian Baltos lankos pp 255 262 ISBN 978 9955 23 065 6 1920 1930 in German Retrieved 24 September 2021 Jungblut Marie Paule Luxembourg Musee d Histoire de la Ville de Fuge Boris 2004 Sei sauber eine Geschichte der Hygiene und offentlichen Gesundheitsvorsorge in Europa in German Wienand ISBN 978 3 87909 837 8 http www um edu mt umms mmj PDF 463 pdf bare URL PDF Baciu Gheorghe 2015 FILE DIN TRECUTUL MEDICINE I BASARABENE PDF USMF Martinovic M Jokanovic V 2006 Divna Vekovic 1886 1944 the first woman physician in Montenegro Med Pregl 59 7 8 391 3 doi 10 2298 mpns0608391m PMID 17140043 Smith Bonnie G 2008 The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 514890 9 DALI ZNAETE Koi se prvite diplomirani lekari vo Makedoniјa fakulteti mk Retrieved 24 September 2021 De forste kvinnelige legene og kampen de kjempet NHI no in Norwegian Bokmal Retrieved 24 September 2021 Uglow Jennifer S Hendry Maggy 1999 The Northeastern Dictionary of Women s Biography UPNE ISBN 978 1 55553 421 9 Lousada Isabel 2010 Escola Medico Cirurgica de Lisboa Roteiro 2 4 Roteiros Feministas Na Cidade de Lisboa 1 57 60 Arina Avram 14 June 2016 Femei celebre din Romania Mică enciclopedie 2 in Romanian Elefant Online ISBN 978 973 724 848 0 Buntarka ot mediciny kak Nadezhda Suslova stala pervoj zhenshinoj vrachom v Rossii Forbes ru in Russian 9 February 2021 Retrieved 24 September 2021 Draga Љochiћ prva srpska lekarka i pionirka borbe za prava zhena u Srbiјi BBC News na srpskom in Serbian 5 November 2020 Retrieved 24 September 2021 Maria Bellova PRVA Retrieved 24 September 2021 Zgodbe treh pionirskih slovenskih zdravnic Mladinska knjiga www mladinska knjiga si in Slovenian Retrieved 24 September 2021 Dolors Aleu la primera medica espanola historia nationalgeographic com es in Spanish 14 November 2020 Retrieved 24 September 2021 Institut istoriyi Ukrayini NAN Ukrayini 19 October 2016 Archived from the original on 19 October 2016 Retrieved 24 September 2021 BBC History Elizabeth Garrett Anderson www bbc co uk Retrieved 24 September 2021 Russell Penny Stone Emma Constance 1856 1902 Australian Dictionary of Biography Canberra National Centre of Biography Australian National University retrieved 24 September 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Retrieved 6 October 2021 Fruean Adel Papalii Dr Viopapa Atherton 79 Samoa Observer Retrieved 6 October 2021 Moore Clive Pikacha Junilyn Biographical entry Solomon Islands Encyclopaedia 1893 1978 www solomonencyclopaedia net Retrieved 25 September 2021 Commonwealth Currents Commonwealth Secretariat 1994 a b AusAID Tuvalu s first female doctors return home PDF focus magazine June 2001 p 21 Vol 16 No 2 Archived from the original PDF on 15 August 2015 Retrieved 10 October 2015 List of pages Archived 15 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of first female physicians by country amp oldid 1157423146, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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