^Mei, Tsu-lin (1970), "Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 30: 86–110, doi:10.2307/2718766, JSTOR 2718766
^"Change Request Documentation: 2021-045". 31 August 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
^Kurpaska, Maria (2010). Chinese Language(s): A Look Through the Prism of "The Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects". Walter de Gruyter. pp. 54–55, 86. ISBN978-3-11-021914-2.
^Hou, Jingyi 侯精一 (2002). Xiàndài hànyǔ fāngyán gàilùn 现代汉语方言概论 [An Introduction to Modern Chinese Dialects]. Shanghai Educational Press 上海教育出版社. p. 238.
^Li, Charles; Thompson, Sandra (1983). "A Grammatical description of Xuwen : A colloquial dialect of Lei-zhou Peninsula (Part I)". Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale. 13 (1): 3–21.
Yuán, jiāhuá (1989). Hànyǔ fāngyán gàiyào (An introduction to Chinese dialects). Beijing, China: Wénzì gǎigé chūbǎnshè. (袁家驊. 1989. 漢語方言概要. 北京:文字改革出版社.)
Zhū, yuèmíng. (2005) "Léizhōuhuà yú Pǔtōnghuà bǐjiàoyīnxì yánjiū" (Comparative phonological studies on the Leizhou dialect and Putonghua) Yúnnán shīfàndàxué xuébào (zhéxué shèhuìkēxué bǎn) (Yunnan Normal University Journal (philosophy and social sciences)): vol.37 no. 5 p. 133-136. (朱月明. 2005. "雷州話與普通話音系比較研究" 《雲南師範大學學報 (哲學社會科學版)》: 第 37 卷 第 5 期 頁133-136)
Office of Chorography of Zhanjiang City 湛江市地方志办公室 (2004). Zhan jiang shi zhi 湛江市志 ["Chorography of Zhanjiang City"]. Vol. 36. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company. ISBN7-101-04214-7.
Further readingedit
Li, Charles; Thompson, Sandra (1983a). "A Grammatical description of Xuwen : A colloquial dialect of Lei-zhou Peninsula (Part I)". Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale. 12 (1): 3–21. doi:10.3406/clao.1983.1123.
Li, Charles; Thompson, Sandra (1983b). "A Grammatical description of Xuwen : A colloquial dialect of Lei-zhou Peninsula (Part II)". Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale. 12 (2): 119–148. doi:10.3406/clao.1983.1138.
Yue-Hashimoto, Anne O. (1985). The Suixi Dialect of Leizhou: A Study of Its Phonological, Lexical and Syntactic Structure. Chinese University of Hong Kong. OCLC 15111722.
External linksedit
Cantonese and other dialects (in Chinese)
Classification of Northern Min Dialects from Glossika
leizhou, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, july, 2015, learn,. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Leizhou Min news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2015 Learn how and when to remove this message Leizhou or Luichew Min simplified Chinese 雷州话 traditional Chinese 雷州話 pinyin Leizhōuhua le ɪʈʂo ʊ xwa is a branch of Min Chinese spoken in Leizhou city Xuwen County Mazhang District most parts of Suixi County and also spoken inside of the linguistically diverse Xiashan District In the classification of Yuan Jiahua it was included in the Southern Min group though it has low intelligibility with other Southern Min varieties In the classification of Li Rong used by the Language Atlas of China it was treated as a separate Min subgroup 6 Hou Jingyi combined it with Hainanese in a Qiong Lei group 7 Leizhou MinLeizhounese lɔi uɛ Pronunciation lɔi uɛ Lei city dialect Native toChina Hong Kong and Macau Taiwan Singapore Malaysia Indonesia United States California RegionLeizhou Peninsula in southwestern GuangdongNative speakersaround 2 8 million in China 2004 1 Language familySino Tibetan SiniticChineseMinCoastal MinQiong LeiLeizhou MinEarly formsProto Sino Tibetan Old Chinese a Proto MinDialectsZhanjiangLanguage codesISO 639 3 luh is proposed 5 Glottologleiz1236Linguasphere79 AAA jj Leizhou MinThis article contains IPA phonetic symbols Without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols instead of Unicode characters For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA Contents 1 Phonology 1 1 Initials 1 2 Rimes 1 3 Tones 2 See also 3 Notes 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksPhonology editLeizhou Min has 17 initials 47 rimes and 8 tones Initials edit Bilabial Alveolar Velar Glottal Nasal m 魔 n 娜 ŋ 俄 Plosive voiced b 磨 voiceless unaspirated p 波 t 刀 k 哥 aspirated pʰ 坡 tʰ 駝 kʰ 戈 Fricative voiced z 尿 voiceless s 所 h 何 Affricate voiceless unaspirated t s 槽 aspirated t sʰ 切 Lateral approximant l 羅 zero consonant zero consonant窩 The phoneme given here as b is described by Li and Thompson instead as v 8 Rimes edit i 濟 u 敷 a 爸 ia 兵 ua 瓜 ɛ 馬 iɛ 爺 uɛ 妹 ɔ 波 iɔ 漿 ai 派 uai 蒯 au 包 iau 彪 ɛu 嘔 iu 休 ɔi 矮 ui 拉 m 唔 am 耽 iam 添 em 冚 im 音 ŋ 嗯 iŋ 興 uŋ 尊 aŋ 班 iaŋ 江 uaŋ 完 eŋ 冰 ieŋ 填 ɔŋ 磅 iɔŋ 永 ap 合 iap 臘 ep 鑷 ip 立 ik 集 uk 郁 ak 達 iak 燭 uak 括 ek 德 iek 即 uek 國 ɔk 鐸 iɔk 略 Tones edit Leizhou has six tones which are reduced to two in checked syllables Tone chart of the Leizhou dialect Tone number Tone name Tone contour Description 1 yin ping 陰平 24 rising 2 yin shang 陰上 42 falling high falling 3 yin qu 陰去 21 bottom low falling 4 yin ru 陰入 5 high checked 5 yang ping 陽平 2 low 6 yang shang 陽上 3 mid 7 yang qu 陽去 5 high 8 yang ru 陽入 1 low checkedSee also editTaiwanese Hokkien Teochew dialect List of Chinese dialectsNotes edit Min is believed to have split from Old Chinese rather than Middle Chinese like other varieties of Chinese 2 3 4 References edit 湛江市志 第三十六篇 方言 第三章 雷州话 Mei Tsu lin 1970 Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 30 86 110 doi 10 2307 2718766 JSTOR 2718766 Pulleyblank Edwin G 1984 Middle Chinese A study in Historical Phonology Vancouver University of British Columbia Press p 3 ISBN 978 0 7748 0192 8 Hammarstrom Harald Forkel Robert Haspelmath Martin Bank Sebastian 2023 07 10 Glottolog 4 8 Min Glottolog Leipzig Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology doi 10 5281 zenodo 7398962 Archived from the original on 2023 10 13 Retrieved 2023 10 13 Change Request Documentation 2021 045 31 August 2021 Retrieved 30 May 2022 Kurpaska Maria 2010 Chinese Language s A Look Through the Prism of The Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects Walter de Gruyter pp 54 55 86 ISBN 978 3 11 021914 2 Hou Jingyi 侯精一 2002 Xiandai hanyǔ fangyan gailun 现代汉语方言概论 An Introduction to Modern Chinese Dialects Shanghai Educational Press 上海教育出版社 p 238 Li Charles Thompson Sandra 1983 A Grammatical description of Xuwen A colloquial dialect of Lei zhou Peninsula Part I Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 13 1 3 21 Beijing daxue zhōngguoyǔyanwenxuexi yǔyanxue jiaoyanshi 1989 Hanyǔ fangyin zihui Beijing Wenzigǎige chubǎnshe 北京大學中國語言文學系語言學教研室 1989 漢語方音字匯 北京 文字改革出版社 Norman Jerry 1988 2002 Chinese Cambridge England CUP ISBN 0 521 29653 6 Yuan jiahua 1989 Hanyǔ fangyan gaiyao An introduction to Chinese dialects Beijing China Wenzi gǎige chubǎnshe 袁家驊 1989 漢語方言概要 北京 文字改革出版社 Zhu yueming 2005 Leizhōuhua yu Pǔtōnghua bǐjiaoyinxi yanjiu Comparative phonological studies on the Leizhou dialect and Putonghua Yunnan shifandaxue xuebao zhexue shehuikexue bǎn Yunnan Normal University Journal philosophy and social sciences vol 37 no 5 p 133 136 朱月明 2005 雷州話與普通話音系比較研究 雲南師範大學學報 哲學社會科學版 第 37 卷 第 5 期 頁133 136 Office of Chorography of Zhanjiang City 湛江市地方志办公室 2004 Zhan jiang shi zhi湛江市志 Chorography of Zhanjiang City Vol 36 Beijing Zhonghua Book Company ISBN 7 101 04214 7 Further reading editLi Charles Thompson Sandra 1983a A Grammatical description of Xuwen A colloquial dialect of Lei zhou Peninsula Part I Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 12 1 3 21 doi 10 3406 clao 1983 1123 Li Charles Thompson Sandra 1983b A Grammatical description of Xuwen A colloquial dialect of Lei zhou Peninsula Part II Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 12 2 119 148 doi 10 3406 clao 1983 1138 Yue Hashimoto Anne O 1985 The Suixi Dialect of Leizhou A Study of Its Phonological Lexical and Syntactic Structure Chinese University of Hong Kong OCLC 15111722 External links editCantonese and other dialects in Chinese Classification of Northern Min Dialects from Glossika nbsp This Sino Tibetan languages related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Leizhou Min amp oldid 1183869201, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
